It is known to join plastics components by fusion where two components are mated together, their mating surfaces are heated until they reach the fusion temperature of the plastics material from which the components are constructed, whereupon fusion occurs between the mating surfaces and the components are then allowed to cool so that the material freezes and a secure joint between the two components is made.

However, an oxide layer is typically found or formed on plastics surfaces over time and this can prevent effective fusion between two surfaces unless the oxide layer is scraped from the surface prior to joining. Such scraping is a time consuming preparation step, and must be done thoroughly to ensure a complete fusion.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of fusion and a fitting which does not require, or at least reduces the requirement for, scraping prior to fusion.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of joining two plastics components by fusion, comprising: mating the two components; heating the mating surfaces until they reach the fusion temperature of the plastics material from which the components are constructed; moving the components with respect to one another when their surfaces are molten in a direction parallel said mating surfaces; and holding the components still after said moving step and allowing the surfaces to cool and freeze.

By moving the components with respect to one another, the oxide layer is broken and the plastics material of each component is thoroughly mixed to allow for good and proper fusion therebetween to occur.

Thus the method is preferred when the components are not scraped immediately prior to said mating step, so that this inconvenience can be avoided.

Preferably said components are a pipe and a fitting having a socket to receive an end of said pipe, and in which said direction is rotational about the axis of the pipe. Alternatively, said direction may be axial.

Thus, when a fitting has been assembled on the end of a pipe and the mating surfaces are heated until they become molten, the fitting can simply be rotated about the axis

of the pipe with respect to the pipe to effect such breaking of the oxide layer and mixing of the molten plastics.

Preferably, said mating surface of the fitting has holes distributed evenly over it. When the plastics then become molten, flow into the holes is effected to enhance such breaking of the oxide layer and mixing of the molten plastics. Preferably the holes are blind holes.

Indeed, in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a plastics fitting for joining to a plastics component by fusion, the fitting comprising a mating surface adapted to mate with a corresponding surface of the component, heating means adapted to raise the temperature of the mating surface of the fitting to above the fusion temperature of the plastics material of the fitting, and a plurality of holes being formed in the mating surface of the fitting and being evenly distributed over said surface.

Preferably the holes are blind and preferably said component is a pipe and said fitting includes a socket to receive an end of the pipe.

Preferably said heating means comprises an electrofusion cage adapted to be heated by the passage of electric

current therethrough. Said electric current may be inductively generated.

Preferably said holes correspond with apertures in said cage and said cage is preferably disposed in or on the surface of the fitting.

The invention is further described hereinafter, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a longitudinal partial section through an electrofusion fitting in accordance with the present invention (along the line I-I in Figure 2); and, Figure 2 is a section on the line Il-Il in Figure 1.

In the drawings, an electrofusion fitting 10 comprises a plastics sleeve 12 having formed in its surface a cage 14 comprising circumferential rings 16 and axially disposed interlinks 18 which, with the rings 16, define windows or apertures 20. In the surface 22 of the fitting 10 in the region of the cage 14 there are disposed a plurality of holes 24. Typically these may be separated, centre to centre, by about 2.5mm both axially and circumferentially and each may have a diameter of about 1.25mm. Their depth may be likewise about 1.25mm. It is not essential

that the holes correspond with the apertures 20, but this may be the most convenient arrangement.

The fitting 10 is a sleeve and is adapted to slide over the end of a pipe (not shown) to be joined to the fitting. The fitting may have a similar arrangement of cage and holes at another location so that two pipes may be joined end to end, for example.

The cage 14 is moulded in the fitting 12 so that it lies in the surface 22. The holes 24 are formed by protrusions from a mould core (not shown) extending through the windows 20 of the cage. Alternatively, the sleeve 12 may be moulded in two parts, a first inner part 12a being moulded with through holes 24 formed by inwardly directed protrusions on the inside of a shell- type mould (not shown), with the cage 24 bearing against said protrusions, and an outer sleeve part 12b which is over-moulded the inner part 12a to close the holes 24.

Indeed, it is desirable that the holes 24 are blind, so that the pressures which develop when the plastics material melts on heating by the cage 14 are maintained.

Those pressures help to ensure the mixing and fusing process.

Preferably, the cage 14 is heated by inductive coupling with an externally generated magnetic field inducing alternating currents in the cage 14.

It is a feature of the present invention that when the sleeve 12 is inserted over the end of a pipe (not shown) and the cage 14 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the plastics materials of the pipe and fitting, the molten plastic flows into the holes 24 and such flow causes the break-up of any oxide layer on the pipe or on surface 22. There is then nothing to prevent intimate mixing of the components of the sleeve and pipe so that on subsequent cooling of the heater element 14 and freezing of the plastics material a sound fusion bond between the pipe and fitting is made.

Even if holes 24 are omitted, it is a second aspect of the present invention that, if the sleeve is rotated around the pipe after the cage 14 has been heated to beyond the melting point of the plastic material of the pipe and fitting, such movement also causes breaking up of the oxide layer and effective mixing of the two molten plastics materials.

In either event, therefore, prior scraping of the pipe to break up the oxide layer is no longer necessary.

The present invention does find particular application with inductive heaters 14 because there is no danger that movement of the fitting with respect to the pipe might cause short circuiting of electrical coils, which might be a problem if the invention is applied to normal electrical resistance heater coils. Should short circuiting occur with normal resistance heating coils, then firstly too much current might flow in the remaining turns of the short-circuited coil and, secondly, no current would flow in the limb or limbs of the coil which are isolated by the short circuit. Consequently, very uneven heating of the respective components follows when short circuiting occurs.

Although it is preferred that the holes 24 are blind for the reasons mentioned above, it is not necessarily essential that they be blind.