METHOD OF OPERATION OF ROTARY

COMPRESSION UNIT

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to US Application No. 63/416,176 filed 14-October-2022, the subject matter of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The subject matter herein relates generally to rotary compression units.

[0003] Concerns about climate change have resulted in increasing attention on tracking and controlling emissions of atmospheric carbon and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). Forestry and agricultural activities can have a substantial impact on atmospheric carbon and other greenhouse gases. For instance, disposal or depletion of waste products produced from forestry and agricultural activities creates significant GHGs. Composting, burying, spreading, or otherwise depleting of forestry and agricultural waste products lead to substantial GHG emissions. Additionally, emissions from vehicles used to process or transport the forestry and agricultural waste products increase atmospheric GHGs. Moreover, many agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, and/or the like contain nitrogen and/or other compounds that may aerosolize and/or evaporate during or after application, thereby adding GHGs to the environment. Industries or facilities that generate significant bio-waste products include lumber mills, feed yards, crop and forage fields, poultry farms, and the like.

[0004] There is a need for practical, economically sustainable, value- added solutions for GHG reductions that result in verifiable emission reductions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In various embodiments, the rotary compression unit (RCU) systems and methods provide practical, economically sustainable, value-added solutions for GHG reductions. Systems and methods described herein provide tools and techniques to enhance and/or facilitate the collection, tracking, and/or verification of greenhouse gas emission reductions and/or avoidance using an RCU for processing depleting biomass material to form bioproducts, particularly (but not exclusively) in agricultural and forestry applications. Further, these systems and methods can assist in determination of verified emission reductions (VER) credits for sale, exchange, or use by the operator of the RCU or facility using the RCU. The VER credit may be calculated as one ton of GHG emission reductions expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent units reduced (for example, CO2 emission reductions). The VER credit may also be verified by a verifier that is certified by a Carbon Offset standard, exchange, or both.

[0006] In various embodiments, the treatment of depleting biomass materials (starting materials) such as moisture-containing or water laden materials by providing an apparatus and method that adapts the RCU for drying, gasification, or bioproduct formation. The process is operable for the formation of several bioproducts including but not limited to biofuel, biocoal, biochar, bio-oil, coke, enhanced feed products, activated carbon and other condensation products or byproducts resulting from thermal treatment of a biomass. The incorporation and use of such an apparatus in other types of systems to dry or form other materials is contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure. The biomass material being thermally treated may be any woody or non-woody biomass material including but not limited to forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, other cellulosic material, or mixtures thereof. [0007] In one embodiment, a method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials is provided. The method include providing a starting biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material. The method processes the biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. The processes include applying compression and friction to the biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biomass material moves through the RCU. The method separates the biomass material into steam and at least one bioproduct. The method collects the bioproduct. The method determines a verified emission reductions (VER) value for the bioproduct based on a characteristic of the bioproduct collected.

[0008] In another embodiment, a method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials is provided. The method includes providing a biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material. The method determines an amount of projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of depleting the biomass material. The method processes the biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. The processes include applying compression and friction to the biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biomass material moves through the RCU. The method separates the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct. The method collects the bioproduct. The method determines a verified emission reductions (VER) value for the bioproduct based on an avoided amount of the GHG emissions.

[0009] In another embodiment, a system of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials is provided. The system includes a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. A passageway is formed between the screw and the barrel. The system includes a feeding mechanism for feeding a starting biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material to the RCU. The screw is operable for rotating at a speed to produce friction and compression to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel to separate the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct. The system includes a bioproduct evaluator having one or more processors configured for evaluating the bioproduct to determine a verified emission reductions (VER) value for the bioproduct based on the amount of bioproduct collected.

[0010] In another embodiment, a method of distributing verified emission reductions (VER) credits is provided. The method includes processing biomass material into bioproduct using friction and compression without addition of external heat. The method determines an amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions from processes the biomass materials into the bioproduct. The method certifies a VER value for processes the bioproduct based on the amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The method generates a VER credit based on the certified VER value.

[0011] In another embodiment, a method is provided and includes providing a starting biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material. The method processes the biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. The processes include applying compression and friction to the biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biomass material moves through the RCU. The method separates the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct. The method quantifies an amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production between depletion of the biomass material and depletion of the bioproduct. The method determines a verified emission reductions (VER) value for processes the bioproduct based on the amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production.

[0012] In another embodiment, a verified emission reductions (VER) credit distribution system is provided and includes a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw, a barrel, and a feeding mechanism for feeding a biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material to a passageway between the screw and the barrel. The screw is rotated at a speed to produce friction and compression to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel to separate the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct. The VER Credit distribution system includes a bioproduct evaluator quantifying an amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production between depletion of the biomass material and depletion of the bioproduct. The bioproduct evaluator determines a VER value for processes the bioproduct based on the amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production.

[0013] In another embodiment, a method of operating an animal production processes facility is provided. The method includes collecting biowaste material from the animal production processes facility. The method processes the biowaste material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. The processes include applying compression and friction to the biowaste material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biowaste material moves through the RCU. The method separates the biowaste material into steam and a bioproduct. The method collects the bioproduct. The method determines a carbon credit value for the bioproduct based on the amount of biowaste material collected.

[0014] In another embodiment, a method of disposing of agricultural waste is provided. The method includes collecting agricultural waste biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material. The method processes the agricultural waste biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. The processes include applying compression and friction to the agricultural waste biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the agricultural waste biomass material moves through the RCU. The method separates the agricultural waste biomass material into steam and an agricultural waste bioproduct. The method collects the agricultural waste bioproduct. The method determines a carbon credit value for the agricultural waste bioproduct based on the amount of agricultural waste biomass material collected.

[0015] In a further embodiment, a method of operating a forest product processes facility is provided. The method includes collecting forest product biomass material from the forest product processes facility. The method processes the forest product biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. The processes include applying compression and friction to the forest product biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the forest product biomass material moves through the RCU. The method separates the forest product biomass material into steam and a forest product bioproduct. The method collects the forest product bioproduct. The method determines a carbon credit value for the forest product bioproduct based on the amount of forest product biomass material collected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a side view of a biomass rotary compression system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0017] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the biomass rotary compression system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0018] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the biomass rotary compression system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0019] Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the RCU in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 5A shows a flow chart illustrating the various uses to form a variety of products from a variety of starting materials using the biomass rotary compression system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0021] Figure 5B shows a flow chart illustrating the various uses to form a variety of products from a variety of starting materials using the biomass rotary compression system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. [0022] Figure 6 shows a processing facility for processing the biomass material into the bioproduct in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] Figure 7 is a flow chart showing a method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0024] Figure 8 is a flow chart showing a method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] Embodiments described herein provide systems and methods for practical, economically sustainable, value-added solutions for GHG reductions. Embodiments described herein provide tools and techniques to enhance and/or facilitate the collection, tracking, and/or verification of greenhouse gas emission reductions and/or avoidance using a rotary compression unit (RCU) for processing biomass material to form bioproducts, particularly (but not exclusively) in agricultural and forestry applications. Some embodiments, for example, can assist in determination of verified emission reductions (VER) credits for sale, exchange or use by the operator of the RCU or facility using the RCU. The VER credit may be calculated as one ton of GHG emission reductions expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent units reduced (for example, CO2 emission reductions). The VER credit may be verified by a verifier that is certified by a Carbon Offset standard, exchange or both.

[0027] Embodiments described herein address the treatment of biomass starting materials such as moisture-containing or water laden materials by providing an apparatus and method that adapts the RCU for drying, pyrolysis, gasification, or bioproduct formation. The process is operable for the formation of several products including but not limited to biofuel, bio-coal, biochar, bio-oil, coke, enhanced feed products, activated carbon and other condensation products or bi-products resulting from thermal treatment of a biomass. The incorporation and use of such an apparatus in other types of systems to dry or form other materials is contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure. The biomass material being thermally treated may be any woody or non-woody biomass material. In various embodiments, the biomass material includes at least one of forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof. The biomass material may be a cellulosic material.

[0028] Figure 1 is a side view of a biomass rotary compression system 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the biomass rotary compression system 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Figure 3 is an exploded view of the biomass rotary compression system 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The biomass rotary compression system 100 is used as part of a processing system used for processing biomass materials at a facility. The biomass rotary compression system 100 is used to process biomass material 10 to form a bioproduct 20. The biomass rotary compression system 100 includes a rotary compression unit (RCU) 110 to process the biomass material 10 and output the bioproduct 20. The biomass rotary compression system 100 includes a controller 102 for controlling operation of the RCU 110. The controller 102 receives inputs, such as data relating to the biomass material 10, the bioproduct, the RCU 110, and the like to determine a verified emission reductions (VER) value and determine VER credits for sale, exchange or use on a market. The processing system may be used to evaluate the facility and/or the biomass rotary compression system 100 to determine the VER value and/or determine the VER credits. The processing system may be used as part of an effort to improve greenhouse gas emission reductions and/or avoidance of greenhouse gas emission, such as by quantifying the greenhouse gas emission reductions/avoidance to apply VER credits to the actions of the facility, such as to apply the VER credits to the downstream products produced by the facility or as a result of the operations of the facility.

[0029] The biomass rotary compression system 100 includes a feeding mechanism 120 that feeds the biomass material 10 to the RCU 110 and an exit mechanism 130 for collecting the bioproduct 20 from the RCU 110. In various embodiments, the feeding mechanism 120 includes a conveyor 122 used to supply the biomass material 10 to an input hopper 124. The feeding mechanism 120 may supply the biomass material 10 with a uniform feed rate to the RCU 110 to achieve a relatively high efficiency. The feed rate may control the flow rate through the RCU 110, such as to provide a uniform output or flow rate through the RCU 110. The feeding mechanism 120 may include a crammer feeder, an in-feed mixer, a preheater, and/or a dual belt feeder to enhance the uniformity of the feed rate. The biomass rotary compression system 100 may incorporate the use of a pretreatment device, which may provide, without limitation, in-situ acid treatment, auto acid hydrolysis, hydroxide treatment, or inorganic sequestering to the biomass material 10 prior to loading into the RCU 110.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the exit mechanism 130 includes an exit nozzle 132 at an end of the RCU 110. The bioproduct 20 exits the RCU 110 through the nozzle 132. The nozzle 132 may be adjustable to control feed rate and/or compression and heating of the biomass material 10 through the RCU 110. The nozzle 132 may be adjusted to achieve a desired parameter or characteristic in regard to the bioproduct 20 that is produced as a result of compression and frictional heating of the biomass material 10 passing through the RCU 110. In various embodiments, the exit mechanism 130 includes a conveyor 134 used to remove the bioproduct 20 from the RCU 110. The exit mechanism 130 may include a bin 136 that receives the bioproduct 20 from the conveyor 134 or directly from the RCU 110. The exit mechanism 130 may include a removal mechanism 138 to remove the bioproduct 20 from the RCU 110. The removal mechanism 138 may be a cutter to cut the bioproduct 20 into pieces as it exits the RCU 110. The removal mechanism 138 may be a sweep or other device to separate the bioproduct 20 as it exits the RCU 110.

[0031] The RCU 110 is a rotary biomass dryer. The RCU 110 includes a motor 112, a shaft 114 rotated by the motor 112, and a barrel 116 surrounding the shaft 114. The RCU may include other components, such as a reflux condenser, an aftercooler stage, or other component to control processing of the biomass material 10 through the RCU 110, such as to control temperature, moisture content, carbon content, or other characteristic of the biomass material 10. The motor 112 may be an electric motor. However, other types of prime movers might instead be used, such as an internal combustion engine (gas or diesel, or other fuel), or other types of fuel burning engines or power sources. The shaft 114 is coupled to a drive shaft of the motor 112.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the shaft 114 is an auger shaft having helical threads 115. The biomass material 10 moves through the RCU 110 within the spaces between the helical threads 115. In an exemplary embodiment, the helical threads 115 are variable width helical threads. For example, the helical threads 115 may have greater spaced apart helical threads (for example, a section of the auger shaft having a lower density of threads, or less threads per inch) on a proximal portion of its length and more closely spaced-apart helical threads (for example, a section of the auger shaft having a higher density of threads, or more threads per inch) on its distal end. The auger shaft is rotatably driven by the motor 112 within the barrel 116.

[0033] The barrel 116 may be manufactured from multiple pieces, such as an upper piece and a lower piece. The barrel 116 is oversized relative to the shaft 114 such that a space or passageway 1 18 is provided between the inner surface of the barrel 116 and the radially outer ends of the helical threads 115. The biomass material 10 moves through the RCU 110 within the passageway 118. In various embodiments, the size of the barrel 116 may be adjustable, such as by moving the upper piece relative to the lower piece, to change a size of the passageway 118. The size of the passageway 118 may control the amount of friction and heating of the biomass material 10 passing through the RCU 110.

[0034] During use, moisture-containing or water laden biomass material 10 enters the RCU 110 through the feeding mechanism 120, such as through an opening in the top of the barrel 116. The biomass material 10 is conveyed through the RCU 110 by the helical threads 115 on the auger shaft 1 14. The helical threads 115 force the wet biomass material 10 to advance through the bore of the barrel 116. The decreasing width of the helical threads 115 compresses the particles comprising the biomass material 10 and heats the biomass material 10 due to friction between the material and both the threads 115 and the interior of the barrel 116. In an exemplary embodiment, it is not necessary to provide heat from an external source to achieve the desired drying of the biomass material 10. The compression and heat of friction produced in the RCU 110 reduces the moisture content of the biomass material 10 passing through the outlet, such as by 30% to 40% or more. At least some of the moisture included in the wet biomass material 10 leaves orifices formed in the barrel 116 as liquid water, while much of the moisture is evaporated, forming clouds of steam 22, due to the heating that occurs as a result of the friction as the biomass material 10 is advanced through the barrel 116 by the auger shaft 114. When exiting the RCU 110, the temperature of the bioproduct 20 can be in the range from about 212° F to about 250° F, or more.

[0035] The nozzle 132 at the exit of the RCU 110 may be adjustable to adjust the level of compression applied to the biomass material 10, and to thus achieve a desired parameter in the bioproduct 20. For example, it may be desirable to control the moisture content of the bioproduct 20to a specific level, so that the dry material can be more readily pressed into pellets for pellet wood stove fuel, or pellets for livestock bedding, or into pressed logs that can be burned in a fireplace. Each of these uses may require a different level of moisture content in the dry bioproduct 20 being produced by the RCU 110. In other applications, as an alternative to moisture content, the desired characteristic or parameter of the bioproduct 20 produced by the RCU 110 may relate to a desired density or a desired friability (or compressed state) of the bioproduct 20. These are only a few of the characteristics and parameters that may be of interest and for which control of the compression provided by the nozzle 132 can be adjusted. It will therefore be understood that other parameters can be controlled by adjusting the extent of the compression of the biomass material 10.

[0036] The characteristics of the dried bioproduct 20 or of the wet biomass material 10 can also be a basis for determining the extent of the compression applied to the materials. For example the following characteristics can affect the compression applied: an initial moisture content of the wet biomass material that enters the RCU 110; a size of particulates comprising the wet biomass material entering the RCU 110; a desired moisture content of the dried bioproduct 20 exiting the outlet of the RCU 110; one or more characteristics of a specific type of the wet biomass material 10 that is to be dried with the RCU 110; and, a desired temperature range for the dried bioproduct 20 exiting the outlet.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the RCU 110 is mounted to a base frame 140. The base frame 140 supports the motor 112 and the barrel 116. The base frame 140 may support the nozzle 132. The base frame 140 may support the feeding mechanism 120, such as the conveyor 122 and/or the hopper 124. The base frame 140 may support the exit mechanism 130, such as the nozzle 132 and/or the conveyor 134 and/or the bin 136. The base frame 140 may be rigid to maintain proper positioning of the components relative to each other. The base frame 140 may be lightweight and portable so that it can be transported, such as to a use site.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the biomass rotary compression system 100 is scalable (for example, may be scaled up or down in size and capacity) to handle different types of biomass material and/or different production rates and/or to form different bioproducts. For example, the size of the motor 112 and/or the size of the barrel 116 and/or the size of the shaft 114 may be changed to handle different types of biomass material and/or different production rates and/or to form different bioproducts. Smaller biomass rotary compression system 100 may be made portable, such as to transport to different locations for point of site use where the biomass rotary compression system 100 is transported to the location where the biomass material 10 is generated. Larger biomass rotary compression system 100 may be used at permanent facilities where the biomass material 10 is transported to the facility for processing.

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the RCU 110 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The RCU 110 is used to process the biomass material to form the bioproduct. Along the entire length of the system 100, the various portions of the system 100 may also be described to include various zones, namely, auto acid hydrolysis 30, rapid compression 35, steam explosion 40, recapture carbonization 45, and cooling condensation 50. Some of these zones may overlap with one another, such as the rapid compression zone 35 and the steam explosion zone 40. The biomass material may be subjected to any of these zones either individually or in any combination depending on the desired output.

[0040] Biomass materials are generally a mixture of three basic cellulosic materials, namely, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin along with interstitial bound and unbound water. The RCU 110 for biomass can function as a steam dryer or biomass processor as it uses the heat of compression in the Second Law of Thermodynamics to produce steam thereby effectively drying the wet biomass material or causing pyrolysis or both. In various embodiments, no external heat source is required to be added to the biomass materials processed through the RCU 110. Embodiments described herein may include an RCU 110 having a compression screw that mixes and compresses the biomass material within a fixed volume. The compression behavior and friction increases pressure and thus temperature and forms steam, which increases pressure even further. The steam comes from unbound and at least some bound water found in the starting biomass material. [0041] Treatment of biomass materials can fall into three broad categories or ranges, namely: (1) mere drying or dehydration/rectification which can be referred to as non-destructive drying; (2) an intermediate treatment step which includes at least partial destruction, which can be referred to as torrifi cation and carbonization; and (3) destructive drying which encompasses the complete carbonization of cellulosic material. Mere drying, which can mean operating temperature of about 110° C. or above and results in the removal of unbound water which can create steam. Mere dehydration occurs typically between 200° C. and 235° C. Rectification can occur between 235° C. and 250° C. which includes the removal of bound water as well. The rotary screw typically can operate at a suitable RPM to achieve this desired temperature. In an example, the RPM for an example six-inch or twelve-inch diameter compression screw to achieve these temperatures can be between 600-800 RPM.

[0042] For an intermediate treatment range, the RCU 110 typically functions in the semi-destructive range, between a temperature of about 250° C. and 400° C. Within this temperature range, both unbound waters and bound waters are released from the biomass materials as well as additional pyrolysis vapors. This also forms biochar characterized by having some carbonization and porosity. Typically, a torrification range is between 250° C. and 270° C. and above that is considered carbonization (270° C.-4OO ⁰ C ). In an example the rotary screw typically can operate at a suitable RPM to achieve this desired temperature. In an example, the RPM for an example six-inch or twelve-inch diameter compression screw to achieve these temperatures can be between 800-1200 RPM. The pyrolysis vapors can be removed and processed to form other bio-products to be discussed further below. However, if the pyrolysis vapors are not removed from the RCU 110, they can be condensed in the biochar pores thereby forming bio-coal.

[0043] Treatment above 400° C. is considered destructive because it creates bio-products that can be fully carbonized, thus removing all water from the material as well as reactive products from the destruction and carbonization of the starting cellulosic material. Drying above 400° C. is considered destructive drying because it creates biofuel, biochar, bio-coal, bio-oil and coke. This can also be referred to as gasification. In an example the rotary screw typically can operate at a suitable RPM to achieve this desired gasification temperature. In an example, the RPM for an example six-inch or twelve-inch diameter compression screw to achieve these temperatures can be above 1200 RPM.

[0044] Pressure and temperature that occurs in the RCU 110 increase during operation as the biomass material moves through the RCU 1 10. The temperature and pressure may increase through the pretreatment or precompression e.g., auto acid hydrolysis stage 30 and the rapid compression or steam drying or pyrolysis stage 35. The pyrolysis stage 35 dries the biomass, i.e., removes bound and unbound water. In various embodiments, the biomass material may be processed below an autoignition temperature. In other embodiments, the biomass material may be processed above the autoignition temperature. Accordingly, this causes steam pyrolysis of the biomass material resulting in production of additional pyrolysis vapors. Thermal control of the process can be achieved through control of the rotational speed of the compression screw and the feed rate of the biomass starting material.

[0045] The pressure in both processes reaches a peak during the rapid compression 30 or steam drying/pyrolysis stage 35 and then rapidly decreases as the biomass moves through the steam explosion stage 40 or from the RCU 110 into a reflux condenser 400. Pyrolysis vapors and other gasses can be captured and condensed into biooil using a second condenser. A manifold apparatus can be useful in capturing the gas and feeding it into the second condenser. When the temperature does not reach the autoignition temperature limit, a recapture/carbonization stage does not occur, but rather the biomass material moves from steam drying 35 directly into the cooling stage 50. However, when the temperature does reach the autoignition temperature limit, a recapture/carbonization stage 45 occurs following the steam pyrolysis 35 stage and the initiation of the cooling stage 50 is delayed. If the temperature is raised to at or above autoignition temperature, pyrolysis occurs forming steam, biochar, and pyrolysis vapors. If the pyrolysis vapors are not captured as gases from the RCU, they will recombine into the biochar forming bio- coal. When operating at or above autoignition temperature of the biomass material, pyrolysis vapors are produced through the RCU 110 which can be captured in a gas manifold apparatus. If the pyrolysis vapors are treated with high temperature steam, synthetic gas (Syngas) can be formed. Syngas can be a desired product for several uses in industry due to its high hydrogen content. Partial condensation can occur of the gasses in the manifold apparatus, which is then fed into the second condenser, leads to improved condensation of the pyrolysis vapors.

[0046] The condenser can produce a liquid condensate, which can be referred to as pyrolysis liquid (mixture of bio-oil, pyroligneous acid (PLA), tar, and water). Other terminology for these components include bio-crude oil, tar oil, wood vinegar, wood pitch, and wood tar. The condensate from the second condenser can further be treated with water. At about 30%-40% water content, tar, PLA, and bio-oil naturally separate with the oil being the lightest and settling on a top layer, tar on a bottom layer, and PLA mixed with the water in a center layer. Bio-oil can be separated from condensate and be used for a variety of purposes. The bio-oil product can be recombined with the resultant bio-product (for example, biochar) produced in the reflux condenser and thus forming a bio-coal and a storage mechanism for the bio-oil. To combine the bio-oil with the biochar, the bio-oil can be sprayed over the material from the reflux condenser. The bio-oil can also be fed to the bio-product leaving reflux condenser or it can be recombined at any point throughout an aftercooler 402.

[0047] Biochar is defined as a bio-product material that has some carbonization along with a given porosity. The bio-oil that can be formed through condensate in both the reflux condenser and the second condenser can be condensed back into the biochar and thus forms a form of bio-coal. A bio-coal has a significantly reduced porosity but has a much higher BTU content and thus can provide a desirable form of biofuel. [0048] Bio-oil is inherently unstable and rapidly oxidizes to a solid thereby rendering it a poor product for conversion to fuels. Accordingly, this, among other characteristics, make it difficult to transport and creates other challenges to using it as a viable fuel source. The stability of the bio-oil can be improved due to the added pressure and/or in conjunction with additions of KOH in process. When forming bio-coal, where the bio-oil is condensed within the pores of the co-produced biochar, by adding heat and pressure, bio-oil can flow freely from the biochar. Bio-coal product can therefore be deployed as a means to transport bio-oil within the pores of the biochar. Due to its high porosity, biochar creates storage space for the bio-oil which can then provide for a viable transportation medium. In a combined state with biochar, bio-oil is stable.

[0049] Figures 5A and 5B show a flow chart illustrating the various uses to form a variety of products from a variety of starting materials using the biomass rotary compression system 100. Typically, starting materials 510 are fed into the RCU 110. Feedstock can be any woody or non-woody material with sufficient fiber to resist compression and can be processed in an RCU. Additionally, animal manures and human waste, waste from paper mills, sludge waste streams from anaerobic digesters can be processed. Fiber such as com stover or saw dust can be added to improve processing capabilities. Starting materials can be cellulosic 512, grain 514 or a combination thereof. Examples of cellulosic materials include energy crops 501, grassy hay 502, com stover 503, wood waste 504, wood residue 505, and/or aerobic digester digestate (i.e., food waste, human waste, animal waste) 506. Examples of grain 514 include milo 507 and com 508.

[0050] Feed grains such as com, milo, or oats can be processed through the RCU. The rapid compression and friction generates heat within the grain causing a steam explosion thereby exposing additional starch granules to gelatinization resulting is improved weight gains and overall feed efficiency. Starch gelatinization is the breakdown of the crystalline matrix of the starch globule when exposed to heat and moisture. Conventionally this is completed by grinding or by steam flaking with a boiler. Increases have been observed in starch damage (a measure of gelatinization) from 0.64% degradation in raw samples (ground only) to 19.03% degradation when the corn is processed to 200° F. using the RCU. Increased degradation equals more availability of the starches. Further the product is now sterile and has extended shelf life with an additional drying step. Hydroxides can be added to destroy certain toxins not uncommon in cereal grain such as Aflatoxins.

[0051] Cellulosic fiber can be processed through the RCU to expose additional starch to enzyme action in cellulosic ethanol operations. The processed fiber is now sterile and can be safely stored without or at least reduced risk of mold and bacterial formation. This allows the RCU to be used as a pre-treatment to cellulosic ethanol methods. The material is sterilized for long term storage as well as starch made more available as a result of the steam explosion. In an example, fresh poultry litter was processed through the RCU into a partially carbonized product. This material was stored in the high humidity and temperature of a climate for over 8 months. Plate counts were performed on the material after this storage and plate counts for coliforms and enterobacters were nonexistent. This supports the sterilization of the fiber/product after processing by the RCU.

[0052] Thermal conditions can be controlled by rotational speed of the auger and feed rate of the starting materials. This can be adjusted to either maintain or raise the temperature of the RCU 110. As previously discussed, depending on the temperature within the RCU 110, the biomass starting materials 510 are treated to a temperature below autoignition, causing hydro-flaking 520, or the temperature is raised above autoignition causing pyrolysis 530 or an intermediate temperature causing partial pyrolysis and thus cell explosion 540.

[0053] Hydro-flaking 520 causes the removal of unbound water. Due to the increased heat and pressure, that unbound water coverts to steam. When the steam explodes, it causes cell explosion of the starting materials. [0054] If the starting material is a form of grain 514, it can be provided as a source of material to be processed to be used for feed for animals, such as meat animals (livestock, cattle, etc.) 522 or ethanol 524. Examples of feed 522 uses include rumen feed 521 and monogastric feed 523. If the starting material is cellulosic 512, the material produced through hydro-flaking 520 can also be converted to ethanol 524. Examples of ethanol 524 products include grain ethanol 525 and cellulosic ethanol 527.

[0055] In addition to drying, the hydro-flaking of the cellulosic material improves the porosity of the dried component as a result of steam explosion. The cell explosion 540 forms flakes of the dried starting material which can also be used for animal bedding 542. When processed close to autoignition, slight charring of a portion of the biomass creates a process capable of adsorbing ammonia fumes. The cell explosion 540 and hydro-flaking 520 are effectively the same process. It causes the cells to open allowing access to the starches within the starting material and thus allows for better ethanol production in greater yields. The source of the steam is from the compression and temperature raising of the unbound water found in the starting material.

[0056] If the temperature is raised to above autoignition, pyrolysis 530 ensues. The pyrolysis process 530 releases unbound water, bound water, as well as pyrolysis vapors 540. The remaining solid component formed is a carbonized bio-product, referred to as biochar 550.

[0057] Pyrolysis vapors 540 typically consists of three components, pyroligneous acid (PLA), bio-oil, and tar. The bio-oil and PLA can be separated by adding water up to a suitable concentration once the pyrolysis vapors 540 are condensed into pyrolysis liquid. In an example, at least 30-40% water is added to the pyrolysis liquid which allows for a natural separation to occur. The PLA is suitable to be treated through steam condensation and processing 546 and extracted forming pesticides and herbicides depending on the dilution. A first dilution of PLA forms a pesticide and even further dilution forms an herbicide 555. [0058] The pyrolysis vapors 540 can also experience a reforming step 544 which separates out syngas 556. Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a fuel gas mixture consisting primarily of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and very often some carbon dioxide. Syngas is effective as an intermediate resource for production of hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and synthetic hydrocarbon fuels. Syngas is also used as an intermediate in producing synthetic petroleum.

[0059] Bio-oil 542 on its own can be a viable and useful product. As part of the pyrolysis vapors, it can be collected and separated from the PLA and tars to be used in a plurality of ways. The bio-oil 542 can chemically processed 557 to thereby extract 570 several components such as liquid smoke 561, gasoline or transportation fuels 562, vinegar 573, other valuable chemicals 574 such as various hydrocarbons, and/or chemical manufacturing precursors 575. These products can be collectively being referred to as “advanced bio-products” 580. In another example, bio-oil 542 can be mixed with a petroleum feedstock 558 or used as heating and furnace oil 558 for direct combustion 561 applications.

[0060] Biochar 550 on its own can serve a variety of purposes. It can be suitable as a viable soil amendment 551 or several filtration 552 applications. It can be further treated by microwave or some other chemical treatment to form activated carbon 553. The RCU can also form graphene or graphene precursors if the biomass is treated with KOH in-situ. Biochar is an efficient nutrient carrier that allows increased cation exchange between the natural flora of soil and plants.

[0061] For soil amendment 551, this exchange and increase in nutrients results in increased growth, increased yield, and improved moisture retention of the soil in which the biochar is placed. The biochar 550 is not to be thought of as a fertilizer but rather the transport matrix for beneficial fertilizer nutrients and microorganisms. The biochar 550 can be “charged” with nutrients or substances before placing in soil in order to utilize efficiently its soil-enhancing properties. This biochar 550 could be coupled in some amount into a “kit form.” This kit would also include compost in a plastic pail. The biochar 551 could be mixed in loose form or in a biochar puck (think Hockey puck), crumble, or tablet form. Upon receipt by the home gardener, water can be added. The puck or tablets swell with water and are then incorporated into the compost thereby producing a material ready to be deployed into garden soils. Pucks, or the longer log versions, solve the problem of transporting low bulk density products. The kits could also contain inoculates, enzymes, beneficial microorganisms, and fertilizer. In additional, the tablet or crumble form may be distributed by commercial fertilizer spreaders onto areas of gardens or lawns and then water is added to “dissolve” the solid. This distribution method solves the problem of carbon dust and small particles being inhaled during handling as well as keeps the biochar in place during rains and inclement weather.

[0062] Conventional pyrolysis methods are classified as slow, fast or flash, rated for time at temperature. These processes can control time and temperature whereas the present disclosure method and system with the RCU described hereinabove not only allows for management of time and temperature but also atmosphere and pressure. This feature provides for improvements over conventional pyrolysis. The RCU produces biochar, bio-coal, bio-coke, bio-oil, activated carbon precursors for biofuel and graphene precursors. The RCU can also produce syngas and bio-oil that can be condensed and contains a range of cyclopentanones, methoxy phenol, acetic acid, methanol, acetone, formic acid, levoglucosan, and the like. Liquid, gaseous, or solid additives can be added to the feedstock to achieve unique properties. For pyrolysis, the atmosphere must be oxygen depleted or minimized. The RCU creates an inert blanket by steam flash drying the product being processed with its unbound water. The steam restricts combustion as the process exceeds 500-750° F. With the addition of hydroxides like KOH to the RCU process, it is believed possible to produce an activated graphene precursor without a separate activation step. Conventional activation of carbon is completed after the carbon has been produced and is completed using either heat or acid. Adding KOH to the process as the carbon is produced completes this in one step. [0063] Biomass also contains iron. Corn stover contains approximately 122 mg/kg of stover material, while wood contains approximately 77-100 mg/kg of wood. Grasses range from 200-400 ppm of iron depending on species and soil. As the biomass is thermally and chemically broken down in the RCU, sufficient acid is produced to strip oxygen from the iron. Elemental iron serves to catalyze reactions thereby producing higher yields of bio-oil.

[0064] Chemical additives can be added to starting materials to be processed. These additives can be acidic to further increase the rate of lignin breakdown or basic to also breakdown lignin cell structure and also provide for means to produce single step activated carbon.

[0065] The addition of hydroxides to biochar 550 and bio-coal 560 process is thought to increase the porosity of the material through chemical scouring of pores, thus increasing water uptake of the material. Conventional activated carbon requires multiple steps therefore a significant savings in time and resources is provided. The selfgenerated steam blanket can be augmented with additional steam to facilitate the production of hydrogen through steam reforming to produce syngas. This steam blanket produced inherently in the process, allows the RCU to be operated in a continuous fashion with varying moisture contents while eliminating the chance of oxidation or combustion. This elimination of combustion at the end of the process removes the need for additional water to be added to the biochar products to produce stability as other biochar production methods require.

[0066] The RCU creates high pressures as the material is compressed via frictional carbonization. This pressure affords may mechanistic attributes not achievable through conventional pyrolysis methods. Conventional torrefaction requires two steps to produce a material that can be upgraded to biochar. Torrefaction requires a separate drying and fine grinding step before the torrefaction process to be efficient. The torrefaction process does not result in biochar by itself. The torrefied material must then be upgraded to biochar using a separate pyrolysis process, resulting in four steps total.

[0067] It has been demonstrated that biochar processed in the RCU of the present disclosure exhibits higher porosity hence higher moisture adsorption/retention, high fixed carbon, low odor, higher solids yield, 30-35% compared to 20-30% with conventional pyrolysis. When pressure is observed in the bio-oil product, stability is increased and tar formation is decreased. In wood biochar, a comparison was done between oak biochar, treated according to the present disclosure, to a commercial wood biochar in the water holding capacity. The commercial char after three replicates averaged could hold 4.45 times its dry weight in water compared to 4.71 times dry weight in water that an RCU biochar could hold. Additionally, the high pressure provides for the creation of graphene and/or graphene precursors beyond the properties found in typical activated carbon. Graphene is valuable for microelectronics and storage batteries.

[0068] Figure 6 shows a processing facility 600 for processing the biomass material 10 into the bioproduct 20. In an exemplary embodiment, the processing facility 600 includes the controller 102, such as a computing device or workstation, for controlling operation of the RCU 110. The controller 102 may control the ON-OFF state of the RCU 110, the speed or rate of the RCU 110, the power to the motor 112, the rotation speed of the shaft 114 of the RCU 110, the feed rate of the biomass material into the RCU 110, and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 102 is used to qualifying the bioproduct 20 produced from the biomass materials 10. For example, the controller 102 may include a bioproduct evaluator 620 to evaluate the bioproduct 20 produces by the RCU 110. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may monitor inputs to the RCU and outputs from the RCU to qualify the bioproduct 20. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine a verified emission reductions (VER) value 630 for the bioproduct 20. The VER value 630 may be used to issue a VER credit that may be bought, sold, brokered or exchanged in a market. The bioproduct evaluator 620 includes one or more processors that may control operation of the processing system as described herein. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may include one or more processors configured to perform processes, such as to evaluate the bioproduct and/or monitor inputs to the RCU and/or monitor outputs from the RCU and/or determine VER values and/or determine VER credits, and the like.

[0069] The RCU 110 includes the screw 114 and the barrel 116 with the passageway 118 formed between the screw 114 and the barrel 116. The feeding mechanism 120 feeds the starting biomass material, including a moisture-containing material, to the RCU 110. The bioproduct produced by the RCU 110 is captured by the exit mechanism 130, such as for storage or transport away from the RCU 110. The screw 114 is operable for rotating at a speed to produce friction and compression to generate a desired raised temperature in the biomass material within the barrel 116 to separate the biomass material into steam and the bioproduct.

[0070] In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is a dedicated processing facility. The RCU 110 is permanently housed at the dedicated processing facility. The biomass material 10 is transported to the processing facility 600 from one or more remote locations. The bioproduct 20 is produced, packaged, and transported from the processing facility 600 to a remote location.

[0071] In alternative embodiments, the processing facility 600 is a biomass production facility. The RCU 110 is located at the location or facility that produces the biomass material 10. The RCU 110 may be permanently housed within the biomass production facility. Alternatively, the RCU 110 may be temporarily transported to the biomass production facility, the biomass material is processed, and then the RCU 110 is removed from the biomass production facility and transported to another location. The bioproduct 20 is produced, packaged, and transported from the biomass processing facility 600 to a remote location. In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is an animal production facility, such as a feedlot, a feed yard, a poultry farm, a cattle farm, a pig farm, and the like. The biomass material produced at such animal production facility may include animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, , or other biomass materials. In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is an agricultural cropland production facility. The biomass material produced at such agricultural cropland production facility may include grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is a forest product processing facility. The biomass material produced at such forest product processing facility may include forestry material, forestry waste products, or other biomass materials. In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is a manufacturing processing facility. The biomass material produced at such manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, or other bio-processing facility.

[0072] In alternative embodiments, the processing facility 600 is a bioproduct consumption facility. The RCU 110 is located at the location or facility that consumes the bioproduct 20. The RCU 110 may be permanently housed within the bioproduct consumption facility. Alternatively, the RCU 110 may be temporarily transported to the bioproduct consumption facility, the bioproduct is then produced, and then the RCU 110 is removed from the bioproduct consumption facility and transported to another location. After the bioproduct 20 is produced, the bioproduct is consumed on site. In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is an animal production facility, such as a feedlot, a feed yard, a poultry farm, a cattle farm, a pig farm, and the like. The bioproduct produced at such animal production facility may include biochar, feed pellets, grain flakes, or other bioproduct that may be fed to the animals. In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is an agricultural cropland production facility. The bioproducts produced at such agricultural cropland production facility may include biochar that may be spread onto the cropland or otherwise sequestered into the land. In various embodiments, the processing facility 600 is a power plant. The bioproduct produced at such power plant is biocoal that may be consumed in the power plant. [0073] The controller 102 is a computing device including at least one memory 612, at least one processor 614, at least one communication module 616 for wired or wireless communication. The controller 102 may include a user interface, such as a display, an I/O device, and the like. The bioproduct evaluator 620 is operated by the controller 102 (for example, a program run on one or more of the processors 614) to determine the verified emission reductions (VER) value 630. The VER may be equivalent to one ton of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent units reduced (for example, CO2 emission reductions). The VER credits may be traded in increments of tons. The VER may be verified by a verifier that is certified by a Carbon Offset standard, exchange or both.

[0074] The bioproduct evaluator 620 may include a database 622 (or other data store, depending on the implementation), which can be used to store data received from the RCU 110, as well as the results of the analysis and calculations performed by the bioproduct evaluator 620. The bioproduct evaluator 620 includes a calculation engine 624, which performs the calculations and analysis to determine the VER value, such as to determine the GHG emission reductions or avoidance associated with the processing of the biomass material through the RCU.

[0075] The bioproduct evaluator 620 may also include a user interface 626 (for example, to display output from the bioproduct evaluator 620 and receive inputs from the user). The user interface 626 may include a graphical user interface, a display screen, a user input (for example, keyboard, keypad, pointer device, and the like) from a user.

[0076] The bioproduct evaluator 620 may be configured to communicate with a client computer via a dedicated application running on the client computer. The user interface might be displayed by the client computer, based on data and/or instructions provided by the controller 102. The user interface may provide instructions and/or data to cause the client computer to display the user interface. In other embodiments, the user interface may be provided from a web site by providing a set of one or more web pages, which might be displayed in a web browser running on the user computer and/or might be served by a web server. In various embodiments, the bioproduct evaluator 620 may be in communication with the web server, such that the bioproduct evaluator 620 provides data to the web server to be incorporated in web pages served by the web server for reception and/or display by a browser at the user computer.

[0077] In certain embodiments, the bioproduct evaluator 620 further includes a data interface 628, which can provide data interchange capabilities with third- party systems, such as a VER exchange, a climate exchange and/or carbon credit aggregator, and/or a regulatory body. The data interface may implement any of a variety of application programming interfaces (“API”), web services, and/or data exchange formats, such as XML and/or other structured formats, proprietary binary and/or text formats, and/or the like.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct evaluator 620 determines the VER value 630 associated with operation of the RCU 110. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may calculate the amount of GHG emissions avoided from the use of the RCU 110 to determine the VER value 630. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may calculate the amount of GHG emissions avoided by processing the biomass material 10 through the RCU 110, rather than depleting the biomass material 10 by normal processes (for example, compositing, burying, or other business as usual processes). In various embodiments, the bioproduct evaluator 620 may calculate an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the biomass material and bases the VER value 630 on the amount of GHG emissions avoided. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may calculate an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the bioproduct and compare the amounts to determine the VER value 630 for the bioproduct. In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct evaluator 620 assigns a renewable identification number to the bioproduct. [0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct evaluator 620 determines the VER value 630 associated with operation of the RCU 110 by analyzing characteristics of the biomass material 10. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the amount (for example, weight) of biomass material 10 input into the RCU 110. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the type of biomass material 10 input into the RCU 110. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the moisture content of biomass material 10 input into the RCU 110. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the source of biomass material 10 input into the RCU 110. For example, the bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the species of animal or plant generating the biomass material 10. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the genetics of the animal or plant producing the biomass material 10. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the genome of the animal or plant producing the biomass material 10. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on a genetic registration of the animal producing the biomass material 10. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the amount of decomposition of the biomass material 10 that occurs prior to being input into the RCU 110. For example, the bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the number of days the biomass material 10 is decomposing. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the average temperature of the biomass material 10 while decomposing. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the transportation of the biomass material 10 to the RCU 110, such as the type of vehicle used to transport the biomass material 10, the distance the biomass material 10 is transported, the amount of GHG emissions required to transport the biomass material 10 to the RCU 110, and the like. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the amount of electricity or fuel or power input into the RCU 110 to operate the RCU 110 to process the biomass material 10. [0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct evaluator 620 determines the VER value 630 associated with operation of the RCU 110 by analyzing characteristics of the bioproduct 20 collected. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the amount (for example, weight) of bioproduct 20 collected. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the moisture content of bioproduct 20 collected. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the type of bioproduct 20 collected, such as biochar, bio-coal, bio-coke, bio-oil, grain flakes, and the like. The bioproduct evaluator 620 may determine the VER value 630 based on the amount of carbon of the bioproduct 20.

[0081 ] In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct 20 has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting biomass material 10 leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions. The VER value 630 may be based on said increase. The VER value for the bioproduct 20 may be based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biomass material 10 provided to and processed through the RCU 110. The VER value of the bioproduct 20 may be source identified to the starting biomass material 10. For example, the bioproduct evaluator 620 may assigns and registers the VER value to the bioproduct 20. The VER value may be based on a certification and/or registration of the facility producing the biomass material 10, which may be based on the type of biomass material produced, the normal operation practices of the facility, and the like.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The VER value may be expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced. The VER value determined by the bioproduct evaluator 620 may be verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange. [0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct produced is biochar. The VER value may be based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by application of the biochar to the earth. The VER value may be based on a proj ected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by microbial digestion. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by combustion of the biochar. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as a soil amendment, an adsorbent, an absorbent, and/or a nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of water and/or nutrients required by plants. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of the biochar to livestock as a feed additive, such as based on an amount of improved health of the livestock, a reduction in methane production from feeding of the biochar, a reduction in the amount of other feed, and the like. In various embodiments, the biochar may be used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions due to the reduced nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production. The syngas captured during the production of the biochar may be captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions due to the processing of the syngas by the aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer . [0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct produced is processed grain used for livestock feed. The processed grain may be milled grain, flaked grain, or extruded grain. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct to livestock. In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct is processed grain used for ethanol production. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the bioproduct produced is biocoal. The VER value may be based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal. The VER value may be based on a BTU value of the biocoal. The VER value may be based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal, such as compared to other types of fuel sources or based on an amount of fuel savings.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the compression and friction applied by the RCU causes a pyrolysis reaction to generate the steam and the bioproduct. The VER value may be based on the amount of pyrolysis. The VER value may be based on the amount of steam produced. The compression and friction applied by the RCU lowers a moisture content in the biomass material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct. The VER value may be based on the change in moisture content from the biomass material to the bioproduct. The compression and friction applied by the RCU may change a chemical composition of the material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct. The VER value may be based on the type or amount of change in chemical composition.

[0087] In various embodiments, the biomass material is at least one of animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, and the like from an animal production operation. In various embodiments, the biomass material is at least one of forestry material and forestry waste products from a forest product processing facility. In various embodiments, the biomass material is at least one of grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, and grasses from an agricultural cropland production operation. In various embodiments, the biomass material is solid waste material from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility. In various embodiments, the biomass material is anaerobic digester digestate from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[0088] The processing system may be used to process biomass materials at a facility and/or may be used to evaluate biomass materials processed at a facility. The processing system includes one or more controllers, such as the controller 102 and/or a controller of the bioproduct evaluator, which represents hardware circuitry that may include and/or may be connected with one or more processors that may control operation of the processing system as described herein. The processors may include microprocessors, microcontrollers, integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, or other logic devices that operate based on instructions stored on a tangible and non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as software applications stored on a memory or database. In one embodiment, the controller can represent a controller for the RCU or a facility controller for controlling one or more operations of the facility or components of the facility. In one or more embodiments, the processing system may include one or more input and/or output devices (e.g., control panel, switch, keyboard, microphone, touch screen, speaker, or the like), that allow an operator of the system to control one or more operations of the system, to communicate with the system components, to receive information (e.g., about the RCU or the materials) from the system components, or the like. The controller may include a single processor or multiple processors. All operations can be performed by each processor, or each processor may perform at least one different operation than one or more (or all) other processors). The processors may be in the same or different locations (such as by being disposed within or part of different devices).

[0089] The processing system may include an input/output device (“I/O Device”), such as a touchscreen, keyboard, electronic mouse, electronic display other than a touchscreen, switch, lever, button, speaker, microphone, etc., used to present information to and/or receive information from operators of the powered system.

[0090] The processing system may include a management system that represents hardware circuitry including and/or connected with one or more processors that calculate and/or dictate operational settings of the facility and/or one or more components of the facility. This circuitry and/or the processors may be the same as or separate from (e.g., in addition to) the circuitry and/or processors of the controller. The management system may calculate settings to achieve one or more goals of the processing system subject to various constraints. As one example, the management system can determine an RCU operation plan that dictates operational settings of the RCU at different times, processing different biomass material, outputting different types of bioproduct, etc. These operational settings can cause the RCU to operate within the constraints (e.g., feed rate, compression rate, temperature, pressure, or the like) while operating the RCU toward achievement of the goal(s) (e.g., reducing moisture content, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, generating bioproduct, etc.). The operational settings can be power, feed rate, or the like.

[0091] The components/devices of the processing facility may be communicatively coupled with each other by a communication system. The communication system can be formed from communication pathways provided by or extending in conductive pathways (e.g., cables, buses, etc., such as Ethernet cables or connections) and/or wireless pathways. Some components/devices may be publisher devices or publishers that generate output. Some devices may be listener devices or listeners that obtain or receive the output from the publishers to perform some operation (e.g., control of the device, calculation of output, etc.). Some devices may be both publishers and listeners that receive data from another device, make a calculation, determination, etc. based on the received data, and generate data as an output for another device and/or perform some action (e.g., change operation of the device).

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the processing system may include a memory or alternative data storage system (not shown). For example, a memory can store information about the facility, about the RCU, about the bioproduct evaluator, about the starting biomass material, about the bioproduct, or the like. Optionally, the processing system may receive data stored in a data storage device or memory of the off-board control system (not shown), data stored in another storage system (e.g., a cloud storage database and/or other virtual storage systems), or the like.

[0093] In one or more embodiments, the processing system may include an off-board control system that may be communicatively coupled with the communication system of the RCU or other component, such as a communicator of the bioproduct evaluator. In one or more embodiments, the off-board control system may include an off- board controller that represents hardware circuitry connected with and/or including one or more processors that perform the operations described herein in connection with the control system. The off-board control system may represent a dispatch facility, such as a back- office server, a data center, or the like. The off-board control system may include a communication system that allows direct and/or indirect communication between the RCU and the off-board control system.

[0094] In one embodiment, the controller or control system may have a local data collection system deployed that may use machine learning to enable derivationbased learning outcomes. The controller may learn from and make decisions on a set of data (including data provided by the various sensors), by making data-driven predictions and adapting according to the set of data. In embodiments, machine learning may involve performing a plurality of machine learning tasks by machine learning systems, such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning may include presenting a set of example inputs and desired outputs to the machine learning systems. Unsupervised learning may include the learning algorithm structuring its input by methods such as pattern detection and/or feature learning. Reinforcement learning may include the machine learning systems performing in a dynamic environment and then providing feedback about correct and incorrect decisions. In examples, machine learning may include a plurality of other tasks based on an output of the machine learning system. In examples, the tasks may be machine learning problems such as classification, regression, clustering, density estimation, dimensionality reduction, anomaly detection, and the like. In examples, machine learning may include a plurality of mathematical and statistical techniques. In examples, the many types of machine learning algorithms may include decision tree based learning, association rule learning, deep learning, artificial neural networks, genetic learning algorithms, inductive logic programming, support vector machines (SVMs), Bayesian network, reinforcement learning, representation learning, rule-based machine learning, sparse dictionary learning, similarity and metric learning, learning classifier systems (LCS), logistic regression, random forest, K-Means, gradient boost, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), a priori algorithm, and the like. In embodiments, certain machine learning algorithms may be used (e.g., for solving both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems that may be based on natural selection). In an example, the algorithm may be used to address problems of mixed integer programming, where some components restricted to being integer-valued. Algorithms and machine learning techniques and systems may be used in computational intelligence systems, computer vision, Natural Language Processing (NLP), recommender systems, reinforcement learning, building graphical models, and the like. In an example, machine learning may be used for operating performance and behavior analytics, and the like.

[0095] In one embodiment, the controller or control system may include a policy engine that may apply one or more policies. The policy engine may be utilized by the bioproduct evaluator to make calculations and/or decisions. These policies may be based at least in part on characteristics of a given item of equipment or environment or the biomass material or the bioproduct being produced. With respect to control policies, a neural network can receive input of a number of environmental and task-related parameters. These parameters may include an identification of characteristics of the biomass material provided to the RCU or the bioproduct produced by the RCU. The neural network can be trained to generate an output based on these inputs, with the output representing an action or sequence of actions that the RCU should take to produce the desired bioproduct. During operation of one embodiment, a determination can occur by processing the inputs through the parameters of the neural network to generate a value at the output node designating that action as the desired action. This action may translate into a signal that causes the RCU to operate. This may be accomplished via back-propagation, feed forward processes, closed loop feedback, or open loop feedback. Alternatively, rather than using backpropagation, the machine learning system of the controller may use evolution strategies techniques to tune various parameters of the artificial neural network. The controller may use neural network architectures with functions that may not always be solvable using backpropagation, for example functions that are non-convex. In one embodiment, the neural network has a set of parameters representing weights of its node connections. A number of copies of this network are generated and then different adjustments to the parameters are made, and simulations are done. Once the output from the various models are obtained, they may be evaluated on their performance using a determined success metric. The best model is selected, and the controller executes that plan to achieve the desired input data to mirror the predicted best outcome scenario. Additionally, the success metric may be a combination of the optimized outcomes, which may be weighed relative to each other.

[0096] The controller can use this artificial intelligence or machine learning to receive input (e g., relating to the starting biomass material or the desired bioproduct produced), use a model that associates locations with different operating modes to select an operating mode of the one or more functional devices of the RCU, and then provide an output (e.g., the operating mode selected using the model). The controller may receive additional input of the change in operating mode that was selected, such as analysis of noise or interference in communication signals (or a lack thereof), operator input, or the like, that indicates if the machine-selected operating mode provided a desirable outcome or not. Based on this additional input, the controller can change the model, such as by changing which operating mode would be selected when a similar or identical inputs are received the next time or iteration. The controller can then use the changed or updated model again to select an operating mode, receive feedback on the selected operating mode, change or update the model again, etc., in additional iterations to repeatedly improve or change the model using artificial intelligence or machine learning.

[0097] The system may include one or more sensors that monitor, sense, or otherwise detect mechanical and/or electrical characteristics of the systems and/or components of the facility or the RCU, ambient conditions of the environment in which the RCU is operated, characteristics of the biomass material (for example, moisture content, weight, density, carbon content), characteristics of the bioproduct (for example, moisture content, weight, density, carbon content) or the like. In one or more embodiments, the sensors may be and/or include a thermometer or other thermal sensing device, a speed sensor, an acoustic sensor (e.g., an ultrasonic sensor), a capacitive sensor, a photoelectric sensor, an inductive sensor, a laser distance sensor, an ohmmeter, a voltmeter, an impedance analyzer, or any combination therein. The bioproduct evaluator may use data from the one or more sensors as inputs for making calculations and/or decisions.

[0098] In one or more embodiments, one or more of the sensors may be coupled with the RCU for use during operation and/or during an inspection event. For example, one or more sensors may be coupled with the RCU at a location proximate to a system and/or component being inspected, or the like. The sensors coupled with the RCU may be communicatively coupled with the onboard controller and/or the off-board controller such that the sensors may communicate at least some of the sensed data with the onboard and/or off-board controller. Optionally, the sensors may communicate at least some of the data with a memory (not shown) that may store some of the sensed data obtained during the inspection event.

[0099] Figure 7 is a flow chart showing a method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The method is used to determine a verified emission reductions (VER) value.

[00100] The method includes providing 700 a biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material. In various embodiments, the biomass material includes at least one of forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof. The biomass material may be a cellulosic material. In various embodiments, the method may be performed at an animal production facility, such as a feedlot, a feed yard, a poultry farm, a cattle farm, a pig farm, and the like. The biomass material produced at such animal production facility may include animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, or other biomass materials. In various embodiments, the method may be performed at an agricultural cropland production facility. The biomass material produced at such agricultural cropland production facility may include grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, the method may be performed at a forest product processing facility. The biomass material produced at such forest product processing facility may include forestry material, forestry waste products, or other biomass materials. In various embodiments, the method may be performed at a manufacturing processing facility. The biomass material produced at such manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, or other bio-processing facility. The biomass material produced at such facility may include waste products or other biomass materials. [00101] The method includes determining 702 an amount of projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of depleting the biomass material. The method includes processing 704 the biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel. The processing including applying compression and friction to the biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biomass material moves through the RCU. The method includes separating 706 the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct. The method includes collecting 708 the bioproduct.

[00102] The method includes determining 710 a verified emission reductions (VER) value for the bioproduct. The VER value may be determined based on an avoided amount of the GHG emissions. The method may include determining an amount of projected GHG emissions of depleting the bioproduct and comparing the projected GHG emissions to determine an avoided amount of GHG emissions.

[00103] The VER value may be based on the amount (for example, weight) of biomass material input into the RCU. The VER value may be based on the type of biomass material input into the RCU. The VER value may be based on the moisture content of biomass material input into the RCU. The VER value may be based on the source of biomass material input into the RCU. For example, the bioproduct evaluator may determine the VER value based on the species of animal or plant generating the biomass material. The VER value may be based on the genetics of the animal or plant producing the biomass material. The VER value may be based on the genome of the animal or plant producing the biomass material. The VER value may be based on a genetic registration of the animal producing the biomass material. The VER value may be based on the amount of decomposition of the biomass material that occurs prior to being input into the RCU. For example, the VER value may be based on the number of days the biomass material is decomposing. The VER value may be based on the average temperature of the biomass material while decomposing. The VER value may be based on the transportation of the biomass material to the RCU, such as the type of vehicle used to transport the biomass material, the distance the biomass material is transported, the amount of GHG emissions required to transport the biomass material to the RCU, and the like. The VER value may be based on the amount of electricity or fuel or power input into the RCU to operate the RCU to process the biomass material. The VER value may be based on the amount (for example, weight) of bioproduct collected. The VER value may be based on the moisture content of bioproduct collected. The VER value may be based on the type of bioproduct collected, such as biochar, bio-coal, bio-coke, bio-oil, grain flakes, and the like. The VER value may be based on the amount of carbon of the bioproduct 20.

[00104] At step 712, the method includes assigning and registering the VER value to the bioproduct. The VER value may be a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The VER value may be expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced. At step 714, the method includes verifying the VER value by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00105] Figure 8 is a flow chart showing a method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The method is used to determine a verified emission reductions (VER) value.

[00106] The method includes identifying 800 sources of biomass GHG emissions (for example, carbon/methane) entering the atmosphere through traditional practices. The method includes determining 802 amount of biomass GHG emissions entering the atmosphere through traditional practices. The method includes reducing 804 the GHG emissions by frictionally processing and carbonizing the biomass source, such as with an RCU. The method includes obtaining 806 fmancial/marketable verified emission reductions (VER) credits for processing the biomass source and reducing GHG emissions. For example, the VER credits may be based on the reduction in GHG emissions entering the atmosphere by use of the RCU versus traditional practices. [00107] Further, the disclosure comprises examples according to the following clauses:

[00108] Clause 1. A method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials, the method comprising: providing a starting biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material; processing the biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, the processing including applying compression and friction to the biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biomass material moves through the RCU; separating the biomass material into steam and at least one bioproduct; collecting the bioproduct; and determining a verified emission reductions (VER) value for the bioproduct based on a characteristic of the bioproduct collected.

[00109] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the biomass material includes at least one of forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof.

[00110] Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1-2, further comprising determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the biomass material, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an avoided amount of greenhouse gas emissions. [00111] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the bioproduct has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting biomass material leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions, the VER value being based on said increase.

[00112] Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00113] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting biomass material.

[00114] Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1-6, further comprising assigning and registering the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00115] Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00116] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00117] Clause 10. The method of clause 8, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00118] Clause 1 1. The method of any of clauses 1-10, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00119] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 1-11, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting biomass material. [00120] Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 1-12, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the biomass material.

[00121] Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 1-13, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00122] Clause 15. The method of any of clauses 1-14, wherein the VER value is based on a genetic registration of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00123] Clause 16. The method of any of clauses 1-15, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the biomass material.

[00124] Clause 17. The method of any of clauses 1-16, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00125] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00126] Clause 19. The method of clause 17, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00127] Clause 20. The method of clause 17, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants.

[00128] Clause 21. The method of clause 17, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive. [00129] Clause 22. The method of clause 17, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00130] Clause 23. The method of clause 17, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00131] Clause 24. The method of clause 23, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00132] Clause 25. The method of any of clauses 1-24, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for livestock feed.

[00133] Clause 26. The method of clause 25, wherein the processed grain is at least one of milled grain, flaked grain, and extruded grain.

[00134] Clause 27. The method of clause 25, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct to animals.

[00135] Clause 28. The method of any of clauses 1-27, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for ethanol production.

[00136] Clause 29. The method of clause 28, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[00137] Clause 30. The method of any of clauses 1-29, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal. [00138] Clause 31. The method of clause 30, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00139] Clause 32. The method of clause 30, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal.

[00140] Clause 33. The method of clause 30, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal.

[00141] Clause 34. The method of clause 30, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal compared to projected amount of greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the starting biomass material.

[00142] Clause 35. The method of any of clauses 1-34, further comprising assigning a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00143] Clause 36. The method of any of clauses 1-35, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes performing a pyrolysis reaction to generate steam and the bioproduct.

[00144] Clause 37. The method of any of clauses 1-36, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes lowering a moisture content to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00145] Clause 38. The method of any of clauses 1-37, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes changing a chemical composition of the material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00146] Clause 39. The method of any of clauses 1-38, wherein the biomass material is at least one of animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, and facultative digester digestate from an animal production operation.

[00147] Clause 40. The method of any of clauses 1-39, wherein the biomass material is at least one of forestry material and forestry waste products from a forest product processing facility.

[00148] Clause 41. The method of any of clauses 1-40, wherein the biomass material is at least one of grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, and grasses from an agricultural cropland production operation.

[00149] Clause 42. The method of any of clauses 1-41, wherein the biomass material is solid waste material from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00150] Clause 43. The method of any of clauses 1-42, wherein the biomass material is anaerobic digester digestate from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00151] Clause 44. The method of any of clauses 1-43, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a comparison of an amount of carbon of the starting biomass material and an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00152] Clause 45. A method of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials, the method comprising: providing a biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material; determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of depleting the biomass material; processing the biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, the processing including applying compression and friction to the biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biomass material moves through the RCU; separating the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct; collecting the bioproduct; and determining a verified emission reductions (VER) value for the bioproduct based on an avoided amount of the GHG emissions.

[00153] Clause 46. The method of clause 45, wherein the biomass material includes at least one of forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof.

[00154] Clause 47. The method of any of clauses 45-46, wherein the bioproduct has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting biomass material leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions, the VER value being based on said increase.

[00155] Clause 48. The method of any of clauses 45-47, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00156] Clause 49. The method of clause 48, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting biomass material. [00157] Clause 50. The method of any of clauses 45-49, further comprising assigning and registering the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00158] Clause 51. The method of any of clauses 45-50, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00159] Clause 52. The method of clause 51, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00160] Clause 53. The method of clause 51, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00161] Clause 54. The method of any of clauses 45-53, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a comparison of an amount of carbon of the starting biomass material and an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00162] Clause 55. The method of any of clauses 45-54, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting biomass material.

[00163] Clause 56. The method of any of clauses 45-55, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the biomass material.

[00164] Clause 57. The method of any of clauses 45-56, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00165] Clause 58. The method of any of clauses 45-57, wherein the VER value is based on a genetic registration of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00166] Clause 59. The method of any of clauses 45-58, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the biomass material. [00167] Clause 60. The method of any of clauses 45-59, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00168] Clause 61. The method of clause 60, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00169] Clause 62. The method of clause 60, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00170] Clause 63. The method of clause 60, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants.

[00171] Clause 64. The method of clause 60, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive.

[00172] Clause 65. The method of clause 60, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00173] Clause 66. The method of clause 60, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00174] Clause 67. The method of clause 66, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer. [00175] Clause 68. The method of any of clauses 45-67, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for livestock feed.

[00176] Clause 69. The method of clause 68, wherein the processed grain is at least one of milled grain, flaked grain, and extruded grain.

[00177] Clause 70. The method of clause 68, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct.

[00178] Clause 71. The method of any of clauses 45-70, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for ethanol production.

[00179] Clause 72. The method of clause 71, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[00180] Clause 73. The method of any of clauses 45-72, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00181] Clause 74. The method of clause 73, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00182] Clause 75. The method of clause 73, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal.

[00183] Clause 76. The method of clause 73, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal compared to projected amount of greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the starting biomass material. [00184] Clause 77. The method of any of clauses 45-76, further comprising assigning a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00185] Clause 78. The method of any of clauses 45-77, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes performing a pyrolysis reaction to generate the steam and the bioproduct.

[00186] Clause 79. The method of any of clauses 45-78, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes lowering a moisture content to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00187] Clause 80. The method of any of clauses 45-79, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes changing a chemical composition of the material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00188] Clause 81. The method of any of clauses 45-80, wherein the biomass material is at least one of animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, and facultative digester digestate from an animal production operation.

[00189] Clause 82. The method of any of clauses 45-81, wherein the biomass material is at least one of forestry material and forestry waste products from a forest product processing facility.

[00190] Clause 83. The method of any of clauses 45-82, wherein the biomass material is at least one of grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, and grasses from an agricultural cropland production operation.

[00191] Clause 84. The method of any of clauses 45-83, wherein the biomass material is solid waste material from at least one of a a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility. [00192] Clause 85. The method of any of clauses 45-84, wherein the biomass material is anaerobic digester digestate from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00193] Clause 86. A system of qualifying bioproduct produced from biomass materials, the system comprising: a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, wherein a passageway is formed between the screw and the barrel; a feeding mechanism for feeding a starting biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material to the RCU; wherein the screw is operable for rotating at a speed to produce friction and compression to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel to separate the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct; and a bioproduct evaluator having one or more processors configured for evaluating the bioproduct to determine a verified emission reductions (VER) value for the bioproduct based on the amount of bioproduct collected.

[00194] Clause 87. The system of clause 86, wherein the biomass material includes at least one of forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof.

[00195] Clause 88. The system of any of clauses 86-87, wherein the bioproduct evaluator having one or more processors configured to determine an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the biomass material, the bioproduct evaluator having one or more processors configured to determine an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the bioproduct, and the bioproduct evaluator having one or more processors configured to compare the amounts to determine the VER value for the bioproduct.

[00196] Clause 89. The system of any of clauses 86-88, wherein the bioproduct has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting biomass material leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions, the VER value being based on said increase.

[00197] Clause 90 The system of any of clauses 86-89, wherein the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00198] Clause 91. The system of clause 90, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting biomass material.

[00199] Clause 92. The system of any of clauses 86-91, wherein the bioproduct evaluator includes one or more processors configured to assign and register the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00200] Clause 93. The system of any of clauses 86-92, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00201] Clause 94. The system of clause 93, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00202] Clause 95. The system of clause 93, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00203] Clause 96. The system of any of clauses 86-95, wherein the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an amount of carbon of the bioproduct. [00204] Clause 97. The system of any of clauses 86-96, wherein the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting biomass material.

[00205] Clause 98. The system of any of clauses 86-97, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the biomass material.

[00206] Clause 99. The system of any of clauses 86-98, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00207] Clause 100. The system of any of clauses 86-99, wherein the VER value is based on a genetic registration of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00208] Clause 101. The system of any of clauses 86-100, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the biomass material.

[00209] Clause 102. The system of any of clauses 86-101, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00210] Clause 103. The system of clause 102, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00211] Clause 104. The system of clause 102, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00212] Clause 105. The system of clause 102, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants. [00213] Clause 106. The system of clause 102, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive.

[00214] Clause 107. The system of clause 102, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00215] Clause 108. The system of clause 102, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00216] Clause 109. The system of clause 108, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00217] Clause 110. The system of any of clauses 86-109, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for livestock feed.

[00218] Clause 111. The system of clause 110, wherein the processed grain is at least one of milled grain, flaked grain, and extruded grain.

[00219] Clause 112. The system of clause 110108, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct.

[00220] Clause 113. The system of any of clauses 86-112, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for ethanol production. [00221] Clause 114. The system of clause 113, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[00222] Clause 115. The system of any of clauses 86-, 114 wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00223] Clause 116. The system of clause 115, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00224] Clause 117. The system of clause 115, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal.

[00225] Clause 118. The system of clause 115, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal.

[00226] Clause 119. The system of any of clauses 86-118, wherein the bioproduct evaluator includes one or more processors configured to assign a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00227] Clause 120. The system of any of clauses 86-119, wherein the compression and friction applied by the RCU causes a pyrolysis reaction to generate the steam and the bioproduct.

[00228] Clause 121. The system of any of clauses 86-120, wherein the compression and friction applied by the RCU lowers a moisture content in the biomass material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00229] Clause 122. The system of any of clauses 86-121, wherein the compression and friction applied by the RCU changes a chemical composition of the material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct. [00230] Clause 123. The system of any of clauses 86-122, wherein the biomass material is at least one of animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, and facultative digester digestate from an animal production operation.

[00231] Clause 124. The system of any of clauses 86-123, wherein the biomass material is at least one of forestry material and forestry waste products from a forest product processing facility.

[00232] Clause 125. The system of any of clauses 86-124, wherein the biomass material is at least one of grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, and grasses from an agricultural cropland production operation.

[00233] Clause 126. The system of any of clauses 86-125, wherein the biomass material is solid waste material from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00234] Clause 127. The system of any of clauses 86-126, wherein the biomass material is anaerobic digester digestate from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00235] Clause 128. A method of distributing verified emission reductions (VER) credits, the method comprising: processing biomass material into bioproduct using friction and compression without addition of external heat; determining an amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions from processing the biomass materials into the bioproduct; certifying a VER value for processing the bioproduct based on the amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions; generating a VER credit based on the certified VER value.

[00236] Clause 129. The method of clause 128, wherein said determining an amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions comprises determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the biomass material, determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the bioproduct, and calculating an avoided amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions, wherein said certifying the VER value for the bioproduct is based on the avoided amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

[00237] Clause 130. The method of any of clauses 128-129, wherein said certifying the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00238] Clause 131. The method of any of clauses 128-130, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00239] Clause 132. The method of clause 131, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00240] Clause 133. The method of clause 131, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00241 ] Clause 134. The method of any of clauses 128-133, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the biomass material.

[00242] Clause 135. The method of any of clauses 128-134, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of an animal producing the biomass material. [00243] Clause 136. The method of any of clauses 128-135, wherein the

VER value is based on a genetic registration of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00244] Clause 137. The method of any of clauses 128-136, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the biomass material.

[00245] Clause 138. The method of any of clauses 128-137, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00246] Clause 139. The method of clause 138, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00247] Clause 140. The method of clause 138, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00248] Clause 141. The method of clause 138, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants.

[00249] Clause 142. The method of clause 138, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive.

[00250] Clause 143. The method of clause 138, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds. [00251] Clause 144. The method of clause 138, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00252] Clause 145. The method of clause 144, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00253] Clause 146. The method of any of clauses 128-145, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for livestock feed.

[00254] Clause 147. The method of clause 146, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct.

[00255] Clause 148. The method of any of clauses 128-147, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for ethanol production.

[00256] Clause 149. The method of clause 148, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[00257] Clause 150. The method of any of clauses 128-149, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00258] Clause 151. The method of clause 148, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal.

[00259] Clause 152. The method of clause 148, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal. [00260] Clause 153. The method of any of clauses 128-152, further comprising assigning a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00261] Clause 154. A method comprising: providing a starting biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material; processing the biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, the processing including applying compression and friction to the biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biomass material moves through the RCU; separating the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct; quantifying an amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production between depletion of the biomass material and depletion of the bioproduct; and determining a verified emission reductions (VER) value for processing the bioproduct based on the amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production.

[00262] Clause 155. The method of clause 154, wherein the biomass material includes at least one of forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof.

[00263] Clause 156. The method of any of clauses 154-155, wherein said quantifying an amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production further comprising determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the biomass material, determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the bioproduct, and calculating an avoided amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions.

[00264] Clause 157. The method of any of clauses 154-156, wherein the bioproduct has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting biomass material leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions, the VER value being based on said increase.

[00265] Clause 158. The method of any of clauses 154-, 157 wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00266] Clause 159. The method of clause 158, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting biomass material.

[00267] Clause 160. The method of any of clauses 154-159, further comprising assigning and registering the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00268] Clause 161. The method of any of clauses 154-160, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00269] Clause 162. The method of any of clauses 154-161, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00270] Clause 163. The method of any of clauses 154-, 162 wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00271] Clause 164. The method of any of clauses 154-163, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an amount of carbon of the bioproduct. [00272] Clause 165. The method of any of clauses 154-164, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting biomass material.

[00273] Clause 166. The method of any of clauses 154-165, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the biomass material.

[00274] Clause 167. The method of any of clauses 154-166, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00275] Clause 168. The method of any of clauses 154-167, wherein the VER value is based on a genetic registration of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00276] Clause 169. The method of any of clauses 154-, 168 wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the biomass material.

[00277] Clause 170. The method of any of clauses 154-169, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00278] Clause 171. The method of clause 170, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00279] Clause 172. The method of clause 170, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00280] Clause 173. The method of clause 170, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants. [00281] Clause 174. The method of clause 170, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive.

[00282] Clause 175. The method of clause 170, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00283] Clause 176. The method of clause 170, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00284] Clause 177. The method of clause 176, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00285] Clause 178. The method of any of clauses 154-177, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for livestock feed.

[00286] Clause 179. The method of clause 178, wherein the processed grain is at least one of milled grain, flaked grain, and extruded grain.

[00287] Clause 180 The method of clause 178, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct.

[00288] Clause 181. The method of any of clauses 154-180, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for ethanol production. [00289] Clause 182. The method of clause 181, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[00290] Clause 183. The method of any of clauses 154-182, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00291] Clause 184. The method of clause 183, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00292] Clause 185. The method of clause 183, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal.

[00293] Clause 186. The method of clause 183, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal.

[00294] Clause 187. The method of any of clauses 154-186, further comprising assigning a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00295] Clause 188. The method of any of clauses 154-187, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes performing a pyrolysis reaction to generate steam and the bioproduct.

[00296] Clause 189. The method of any of clauses 154-188, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes lowering a moisture content to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00297] Clause 190. The method of any of clauses 154-189, wherein said processing the biomass material into bioproduct includes changing a chemical composition of the material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct. [00298] Clause 191. The method of any of clauses 154-190, wherein the biomass material is at least one of animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, and facultative digester digestate from an animal production operation.

[00299] Clause 192. The method of any of clauses 154-191, wherein the biomass material is at least one of forestry material and forestry waste products from a forest product processing facility.

[00300] Clause 193. The method of any of clauses 154-192, wherein the biomass material is at least one of grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, and grasses from an agricultural cropland production operation.

[00301] Clause 194. The method of any of clauses 154-193, wherein the biomass material is solid waste material from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00302] Clause 195. The method of any of clauses 154-194, wherein the biomass material is anaerobic digester digestate from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00303] Clause 196. A verified emission reductions (VER) credit distribution system comprising: a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw, a barrel, and a feeding mechanism for feeding a biomass material comprising a moisture-containing material to a passageway between the screw and the barrel, the screw being rotated at a speed to produce friction and compression to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel to separate the biomass material into steam and a bioproduct; and a bioproduct evaluator having one or more processors configured for quantifying an amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production between depletion of the biomass material and depletion of the bioproduct, the bioproduct evaluator having one or more processors configured for determining a VER value for processing the bioproduct based on the amount of reduction in greenhouse gas emission production.

[00304] Clause 197. The system of clause 196, wherein the biomass material includes at least one of forestry material, forestry waste products, industrial waste material, residential waste material, animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, facultative digester digestate, grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, grasses, or mixtures thereof.

[00305] Clause 198. The system of any of clauses 196-197, wherein the bioproduct evaluator includes one or more processors configured to determine an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the biomass material, the bioproduct evaluator includes one or more processors configured to determine an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the bioproduct, and the bioproduct evaluator includes one or more processors configured to compare the amounts to determine the VER value for the bioproduct.

[00306] Clause 199. The system of any of clauses 196-198, wherein the bioproduct has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting biomass material leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions, the VER value being based on said increase.

[00307] Clause 200. The system of any of clauses 196-199, wherein the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU. [00308] Clause 201. The system of clause 200, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting biomass material.

[00309] Clause 202. The system of any of clauses 196-201, wherein the bioproduct evaluator includes one or more processors configured to assign and register the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00310] Clause 203. The system of any of clauses 196-202, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00311] Clause 204. The system of clause 203, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00312] Clause 205. The system of clause 203, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00313] Clause 206. The system of any of clauses 196-205, wherein the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00314] Clause 207. The system of any of clauses 196-206, wherein the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting biomass material.

[00315] Clause 208. The system of any of clauses 196-207, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the biomass material.

[00316] Clause 209. The system of any of clauses 196-208, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of an animal producing the biomass material.

[00317] Clause 210. The system of any of clauses 196-209, wherein the

VER value is based on a genetic registration of an animal producing the biomass material. [00318] Clause 211. The system of any of clauses 196-210, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the biomass material.

[00319] Clause 212. The system of any of clauses 196-211, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00320] Clause 213. The system of clause 212, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00321] Clause 214. The system of clause 212, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00322] Clause 215. The system of clause 212, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants.

[00323] Clause 216. The system of clause 212, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive.

[00324] Clause 217. The system of clause 212, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00325] Clause 218. The system of clause 212, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production. [00326] Clause 219. The system of clause 218, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00327] Clause 220. The system of any of clauses 196-219, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for livestock feed.

[00328] Clause 221. The system of clause 220, wherein the processed grain is at least one of milled grain, flaked grain, and extruded grain.

[00329] Clause 222. The system of clause 220, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct.

[00330] Clause 223. The system of any of clauses 196-222, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for ethanol production.

[00331] Clause 224. The system of clause 223, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[00332] Clause 225. The system of any of clauses 196-224, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00333] Clause 226. The system of clause 225, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00334] Clause 227. The system of clause 225, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal. [00335] Clause 228. The system of clause 225, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal.

[00336] Clause 229. The system of any of clauses 196-228, wherein the bioproduct evaluator includes one or more processors configured to assign a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00337] Clause 230. The system of any of clauses 196-229, wherein the compression and friction applied by the RCU causes a pyrolysis reaction to generate the steam and the bioproduct.

[00338] Clause 231. The system of any of clauses 196-230, wherein the compression and friction applied by the RCU lowers a moisture content in the biomass material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00339] Clause 232. The system of any of clauses 196-231, wherein the compression and friction applied by the RCU changes a chemical composition of the material to transform the biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00340] Clause 233. The system of any of clauses 196-232, wherein the biomass material is at least one of animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, and facultative digester digestate from an animal production operation.

[00341 ] Clause 234. The system of any of clauses 196-233, wherein the biomass material is at least one of forestry material and forestry waste products from a forest product processing facility.

[00342] Clause 235. The system of any of clauses 196-234, wherein the biomass material is at least one of grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, and grasses from an agricultural cropland production operation. [00343] Clause 236. The system of any of clauses 196-235, wherein the biomass material is solid waste material from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00344] Clause 237. The system of any of clauses 196-, wherein the biomass material is anaerobic digester digestate from at least one of a manufacturing processing facility, an industrial waste processing facility, a residential waste processing facility, and/or a bio-processing facility.

[00345] Clause 238. A method of operating an animal production processing facility, the method comprising: collecting biowaste material from the animal production processing facility; processing the biowaste material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, the processing including applying compression and friction to the biowaste material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the biowaste material moves through the RCU; separating the biowaste material into steam and a bioproduct; collecting the bioproduct; and determining at least one of a verified emission reductions (VER) value and/or a carbon credit value for the bioproduct based on the amount of biowaste material collected.

[00346] Clause 239. The method of clause 238, further comprising determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the biowaste material, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an avoided amount of greenhouse gas emissions. [00347] Clause 240. The method of any of clauses 238-239, wherein the bioproduct has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting biowaste material leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions, the VER value being based on said increase.

[00348] Clause 241 . The method of any of clauses 238-240, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of biowaste material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00349] Clause 242. The method of clause 241, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting biowaste material.

[00350] Clause 243. The method of any of clauses 238-242, further comprising assigning and registering the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00351] Clause 244. The method of any of clauses 238-243, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00352] Clause 245. The method of clause 244, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00353] Clause 246. The method of clause 244, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00354] Clause 247. The method of any of clauses 238-246, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00355] Clause 248. The method of any of clauses 238-247, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting biowaste material. [00356] Clause 249. The method of any of clauses 238-248, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of an animal producing the biowaste material.

[00357] Clause 250. The method of any of clauses 238-249, wherein the VER value is based on a genetic registration of an animal producing the biowaste material.

[00358] Clause 251 . The method of any of clauses 238-250, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the biowaste material.

[00359] Clause 252. The method of any of clauses 238-251, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00360] Clause 253. The method of clause 252, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00361] Clause 254. The method of clause 252, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00362] Clause 255. The method of clause 252, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants.

[00363] Clause 256. The method of clause 252, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive. [00364] Clause 257. The method of clause 252, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00365] Clause 258. The method of clause 252, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00366] Clause 259. The method of clause 258, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biowaste media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00367] Clause 260. The method of any of clauses 238-259, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00368] Clause 261. The method of clause 260, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00369] Clause 262. The method of clause 260, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal.

[00370] Clause 263. The method of clause 260, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal.

[00371] Clause 264. The method of clause 260, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal compared to projected amount of greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the starting biowaste material. [00372] Clause 265. The method of any of clauses 238-264, further comprising assigning a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00373] Clause 266. The method of any of clauses 238-265, wherein said processing the biowaste material into bioproduct includes performing a pyrolysis reaction to generate steam and the bioproduct.

[00374] Clause 267. The method of any of clauses 238-266, wherein said processing the biowaste material into bioproduct includes lowering a moisture content to transform the biowaste material into the bioproduct.

[00375] Clause 268. The method of any of clauses 238-269, wherein said processing the biowaste material into bioproduct includes changing a chemical composition of the material to transform the biowaste material into the bioproduct.

[00376] Clause 269. The method of any of clauses 238-268, wherein the biowaste material is at least one of animal waste, animal bedding, compost, anaerobic digester digestate, aerobic digester digestate, and facultative digester digestate from an animal production operation.

[00377] Clause 270. The method of any of clauses 238-269, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a comparison of an amount of carbon of the starting biowaste material and an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00378] Clause 271. A method of disposing of agricultural waste, the method comprising: collecting agricultural waste biomass material comprising a moisturecontaining material; processing the agricultural waste biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, the processing including applying compression and friction to the agricultural waste biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the agricultural waste biomass material moves through the RCU; separating the agricultural waste biomass material into steam and an agricultural waste bioproduct; collecting the agricultural waste bioproduct; and determining at least one of a verified emission reductions (VER) value and/or a carbon credit value for the agricultural waste bioproduct based on the amount of agricultural waste biomass material collected.

[00379] Clause 272. The method of clause 271, further comprising determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the agricultural waste biomass material, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an avoided amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

[00380] Clause 273. The method of any of clauses 271-272, wherein the bioproduct has an increase in at least one of nutritional value, ethanol yield, weight, density, digestibility, carbon content, porosity, adsorption potential, and absorption potential compared to the starting agricultural waste biomass material leading to greenhouse gas emission reductions, the VER value being based on said increase.

[00381] Clause 274. The method of any of clauses 271-273, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of agricultural waste biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00382] Clause 275. The method of clause 274, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting agricultural waste biomass material. [00383] Clause 276. The method of any of clauses 271-275, further comprising assigning and registering the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00384] Clause 277. The method of any of clauses 271-276, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

[00385] Clause 278. The method of clause 277, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00386] Clause 279. The method of clause 277, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00387] Clause 280. The method of any of clauses 271-279, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00388] Clause 281. The method of any of clauses 271-280, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting agricultural waste biomass material.

[00389] Clause 282. The method of any of clauses 271-281, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the agricultural waste biomass material.

[00390] Clause 283. The method of any of clauses 271-282, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the agricultural waste biomass material.

[00391] Clause 284. The method of any of clauses 271-283, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00392] Clause 285. The method of clause 284, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar. [00393] Clause 286. The method of clause 284, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar.

[00394] Clause 287. The method of clause 284, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants.

[00395] Clause 288. The method of clause 284, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive.

[00396] Clause 289. The method of clause 284, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00397] Clause 290. The method of clause 284, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00398] Clause 291. The method of clause 290, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00399] Clause 292. The method of any of clauses 271-291, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for livestock feed.

[00400] Clause 293. The method of clause 292, wherein the processed grain is at least one of milled grain, flaked grain, and extruded grain. [00401] Clause 294. The method of clause 292, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by feeding the bioproduct to animals.

[00402] Clause 295. The method of any of clauses 271-294, wherein the bioproduct includes processed grain used for ethanol production.

[00403] Clause 296. The method of clause 295, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced by processing the bioproduct into ethanol.

[00404] Clause 297. The method of any of clauses 271-296, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00405] Clause 298. The method of clause 297, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00406] Clause 299. The method of clause 297, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal.

[00407] Clause 300 The method of clause 297, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal.

[00408] Clause 301. The method of clause 297, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal compared to projected amount of greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the starting agricultural waste biomass material.

[00409] Clause 302. The method of any of clauses 271-301, further comprising assigning a renewable identification number to the bioproduct. [00410] Clause 303. The method of any of clauses 271-302, wherein said processing the agricultural waste biomass material into bioproduct includes performing a pyrolysis reaction to generate steam and the bioproduct.

[00411] Clause 304. The method of any of clauses 271-303, wherein said processing the agricultural waste biomass material into bioproduct includes lowering a moisture content to transform the agricultural waste biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00412] Clause 305. The method of any of clauses 271-304, wherein said processing the agricultural waste biomass material into bioproduct includes changing a chemical composition of the material to transform the agricultural waste biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00413] Clause 306. The method of any of clauses 271-305, wherein the agricultural waste biomass material is at least one of grains, crop residue, agricultural waste material, forage crops, energy crops, and grasses from an agricultural cropland production operation.

[00414] Clause 307. The method of any of clauses 271-306, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a comparison of an amount of carbon of the starting agricultural waste biomass material and an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00415] Clause 308. A method of operating a forest product processing facility, the method comprising: collecting forest product biomass material from the forest product processing facility; processing the forest product biomass material through a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a screw and a barrel, the processing including applying compression and friction to the forest product biomass material, in an increasing manner to generate a desired raised temperature within the barrel, as the forest product biomass material moves through the RCU; separating the forest product biomass material into steam and a forest product bioproduct; collecting the forest product bioproduct; and determining at least one of a verified emission reductions (VER) value and/or a carbon credit value for the forest product bioproduct based on the amount of forest product biomass material collected.

[00416] Clause 309. The method of clause 308, further comprising determining an amount of projected greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the forest product biomass material, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an avoided amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

[00417] Clause 310. The method of any of clauses 308-309, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on at least one of the amount, origin, source, and type of forest product biomass material provided to and processed through the RCU.

[00418] Clause 311. The method of clause 310, wherein the VER value of the bioproduct is source identified to the starting forest product biomass material.

[00419] Clause 312. The method of any of clauses 308-311, further comprising assigning and registering the VER value to the bioproduct.

[00420] Clause 313. The method of any of clauses 308-312, wherein the VER value is a calculation of greenhouse gas emission reductions. [00421] Clause 314. The method of clause 313, wherein the VER value is expressed as a value of carbon dioxide units reduced.

[00422] Clause 315. The method of clause 313, wherein the VER value is verified by a verifier that is certified by at least one of carbon offset standard and exchange.

[00423] Clause 316. The method of any of clauses 308-315, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00424] Clause 317. The method of any of clauses 308-316, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a moisture content of the starting forest product biomass material.

[00425] Clause 318. The method of any of clauses 308-317, wherein the VER value is based on a genome of a plant used as the forest product biomass material.

[00426] Clause 319. The method of any of clauses 308-318, wherein the VER value is based on at least one of certification and registration of a facility producing the forest product biomass material.

[00427] Clause 320. The method of any of clauses 308-319, wherein the bioproduct includes biochar.

[00428] Clause 321. The method of clause 320, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biochar.

[00429] Clause 322. The method of clause 320, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by at least one of application of the biochar to the earth, sequestration of carbon contained in the biochar applied to the earth, microbial digestion, and combustion of the biochar. [00430] Clause 323. The method of clause 320, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by using the biochar as at least one of a soil amendment, adsorbent, absorbent, and nutrient blending material to reduce an amount of at least one of water and nutrients required by plants.

[00431] Clause 324. The method of clause 320, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions by feeding an amount of biochar to livestock as a feed additive.

[00432] Clause 325. The method of clause 320, wherein the biochar is used as a soil amendment to reduce point source and non-point source nutrient runoff pollution into watersheds.

[00433] Clause 326. The method of clause 320, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by capturing syngas produced during biochar production.

[00434] Clause 327. The method of clause 326, wherein the syngas captured during the production of the biochar is captured and processed by at least one of an aerobic digester, anaerobic digester, facultative digester, biomass media, combustion unit for heat, combustion unit for power, and thermal oxidizer.

[00435] Clause 328. The method of any of clauses 308-327, wherein the bioproduct includes biocoal.

[00436] Clause 329. The method of clause 328, wherein the VER value is based on an amount of carbon contained in the biocoal.

[00437] Clause 330. The method of clause 328, wherein the VER value is based on a BTU value of the biocoal. [00438] Clause 331. The method of clause 328, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal.

[00439] Clause 332. The method of clause 328, wherein the VER value is based on a projected amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions produced from combusting the biocoal compared to projected amount of greenhouse gas emissions of depleting the starting forest product biomass material.

[00440] Clause 333. The method of any of clauses 308-332, further comprising assigning a renewable identification number to the bioproduct.

[00441] Clause 334. The method of any of clauses 308-333, wherein said processing the forest product biomass material into bioproduct includes performing a pyrolysis reaction to generate steam and the bioproduct.

[00442] Clause 335. The method of any of clauses 308-334, wherein said processing the forest product biomass material into bioproduct includes lowering a moisture content to transform the forest product biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00443] Clause 336. The method of any of clauses 308-335, wherein said processing the forest product biomass material into bioproduct includes changing a chemical composition of the material to transform the forest product biomass material into the bioproduct.

[00444] Clause 337. The method of any of clauses 308-336, wherein the forest product biomass material is at least one of forestry material and forestry waste products from a forest product processing facility.

[00445] Clause 338. The method of any of clauses 308-337, wherein said determining the VER value for the bioproduct is based on a comparison of an amount of carbon of the starting forest product biomass material and an amount of carbon of the bioproduct.

[00446] It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Dimensions, types of materials, orientations of the various components, and the number and positions of the various components described herein are intended to define parameters of certain embodiments and are by no means limiting and are merely exemplary embodiments. Many other embodiments and modifications within the spirit and scope of the clauses will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended clauses, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such clauses are entitled. In the appended clauses, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein." Moreover, in the following clauses, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Further, the limitations of the following clauses are not written in means-plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted based on 35 U.S.C. § 112(f), unless and until such clause limitations expressly use the phrase “means for” followed by a statement of function void of further structure.