FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a method and a system for instructing a repetitive movement composition and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a method and a system for instructing a repetitive movement composition, such as dancing, performing a sport or work oriented movement task, and performing a therapy session. Learning leisure activities such as dance, aerobics, gymnastics, sport, martial art, music playing; and work oriented activities such i.e. repairing a flat tyre or learning to operate a machine; as other physical activities, such as physiotherapy requires the execution of a sequence of body movements which are defined in advance and are accompanied by audio such as music and voice instruction. The performance of such a sequence requires to learn and practice. For example, the performance a dance routine requires from the performing user to simultaneously coordinate proper movement and position of his or her body and to memorize various dancing steps to music.

During the years, various systems and methods have been developed to allow users to improve their skill in such physical activities. For example U.S Patent Number 5,344,323, filed on 16 February 1993, describes a teaching device for indicating in real time the movement of a selected part of a person's body beyond a desired boundary limit is provided, as well as a method for teaching a person to control his or her body movement in response to alarms provided by the teaching device. The teaching device includes an element for detecting movement of the selected body part beyond a boundary limit, a first alarm element for providing a first alarm indicating encroachment of a nominal misalignment zone in which the body part is nominally out of alignment with a preferred location thereof, and a second alarm element for providing a second alarm in response to encroachment by the selected body part of a significant misalignment zone in which the selected body part is significantly out of alignment with the preferred location thereof. The first alarm provided by a first alarm element is an intermittent beeping tone and a blinking light. The second alarm provided by the second alarm element is a continuous audible tone and continuous illumination of a warning light. A person wears the teaching device on, for example, an arm or a leg and adjusts the alarm limits. Thereafter, as the person executes a series of body movements, the first or second alarm will be provided if the arm or leg to which the teaching device is attached moves beyond the acceptable boundary limits of the proper position of the arm or leg during the series of body movements.

Another example is described in U.S Patent Number 7,264,554, published on September 4, 2007, that describes system and method for analyzing and improving the performance of an athletic motion such as a golf swing requires: instrumenting a user with inertial sensors and video cameras and monitoring a golf swing or such other athletic motion of interest; drawing upon and contributing to a vast library of performance data for analysis of the test results; the analysis including scoring predefined parameters relating to component parts of the motion and combining the parameter scores to yield a single, kinetic index score for the motion; providing a realtime, information rich, graphic display of the results in multiple, synchronized formats including video, color coded and stepped frame animations from motion data, and data/time graphs; and based on the results prescribing a user-specific training regime with exercises selected from a library of standardized exercises using standardized tools and training aids.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method for training a user to perform a movement composition. The method comprises detecting a pattern sequence of recurring movement patterns of a plurality of bodily movements in a movement composition, matching each the recurring movement pattern with a respective object from a plurality of movement pattern objects indicative of a plurality of recurring movement patterns and generating an object sequence accordingly, and presenting the object sequence for allowing the user to practice a performance of the movement composition. Optionally, the movement composition is a dance and each the recurring movement pattern being a dancing notation. Optionally, the movement composition is a therapy exercise and each the recurring movement pattern being a structural therapy movement.

Optionally, the movement composition is a sport related maneuver and each the recurring movement pattern being a structural maneuver movement. Optionally, the movement composition is a work related maneuver and each the recurring movement pattern being a structural maneuver movement.

Optionally, at least two consecutive members of the object sequence are presented simultaneously.

Optionally, at least one of the plurality of recurring movement patterns objects comprising a member of a group consisting of a video file, an audio file, an animation file, a set of instructions for manipulating a virtual figure, a graphical representation for indicating respective the plurality of bodily movements, and a set of sequential images that emulates respective the plurality of bodily movements.

Optionally, the presenting comprises forwarding the object sequence to at least one remotely located client terminal via a network.

Optionally, the presenting comprising presenting a plurality of consecutive members of the object sequence simultaneously and indicating the user which movement pattern to practice by a visual indicator progressing according to at least one of rhythm and pace of the movement composition. Optionally, the presenting comprising indicating the user the repetitiveness of each the movement pattern object in the object sequence.

Optionally, the presenting comprising determining a skill level of the user and performing the presenting in a pace adjusted according to the skill level. Optionally, the method further comprises recording the practice. Optionally, the presenting comprising intercepting and scoring the practice.

Optionally, the detecting comprising analyzing a user uploaded content comprising a representation of the movement composition for detecting the pattern sequence.

Optionally, the object sequence comprising a sequence of vectors, each the vector being indicative of a respective the recurring movement pattern. Optionally, the detecting comprises detecting at least one annotation characteristic in the movement composition, the presenting comprising presenting the at least one annotation characteristic with the object sequence.

Optionally, the presenting comprising presenting an avatar performing the plurality of bodily movements according to the object sequence for allowing the user to practice the performance.

More optionally, the avatar is presented from a plurality of point of view simultaneously.

More optionally, the presenting comprises emphasizing at least one organ of the avatar if the at least one organ is moved during the performance.

More optionally, the presenting comprises dimming at least one organ of the avatar if the at least one organ is not moved during the performance.

Optionally, the presenting comprises indicating a motion direction of the movement composition. According to some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for training at least one user to perform a movement composition. The apparatus comprises a database configured for managing a plurality of movement pattern objects each indicative of a sequence of a plurality of bodily movements, a user interface configured for allowing the user to designate a movement composition having a plurality of recurring movement patterns, and a conversion module configured for matching each the recurring movement pattern with a respective object from the plurality of movement pattern objects and generating a sequence of movement pattern objects accordingly. The user interface is configured for presenting the sequence for training the user to perform the movement composition. Optionally, the user interface is installed on a remotely located client terminal, the user interface configured for forwarding the designation and receiving the sequence via a network.

Optionally, the user interface is configured for allowing the user to upload the movement composition, the conversion module being configured for performing the matching by processing the movement composition. Optionally, the conversion module configured for identifying performance characteristics in at least one of the plurality of recurring movement patterns and adjusting respective the movement pattern object from the sequence. Optionally, the user interface is installed in a cellular phone. More optionally, the apparatus is a member of a group consisting of a personal computer, a thin client, a laptop, a game console, a cellular phone, and a Smartphone.

More optionally, the apparatus further comprises at least one sensor for capturing a set of movements performed by the user during the presenting and a scoring unit for scoring the set of movements, the user interface being configured for presenting the scoring.

According to some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method for training a user to perform a movement composition. The method comprises providing a movement composition having a plurality of recurring movement patterns of bodily movements, creating a sequence of media objects by matching each the recurring movement pattern with a media object indicative of the sequence of bodily movements, and sequentially presenting consecutive members of the sequence while at least two if the consecutive members being presented simultaneously. The simultaneous presentation allows the user to practice a first respective pattern of the plurality of recurring movement patterns while receiving an indication of at least one consecutive pattern of the plurality of recurring movement patterns.

Optionally, the presenting comprises presenting the first respective pattern and the at least one consecutive pattern in different at least one of rhythm and pace.

Optionally, the presenting comprises presenting the first respective pattern and the at least one consecutive pattern in different at least one of rhythm and pace. Optionally, the presenting comprises capturing at least one movement of the user in response to the simultaneous presentation and adjusting the simultaneous presentation according to the at least one movement.

More optionally, the adjusting comprises changing at least one of the pace and rhythm of the simultaneous presentation according to the at least one movement. Optionally, the presenting comprises capturing at least one movement of the user in response to the simultaneous presentation and generating an evaluation the user's performance according to the at least one movement and presenting a feedback to according to the evaluation.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting. Implementation of the method and/or system of embodiments of the invention can involve performing or completing selected tasks manually, automatically, or a combination thereof. Moreover, according to actual instrumentation and equipment of embodiments of the method and/or system of the invention, several selected tasks could be implemented by hardware, by software or by firmware or by a combination thereof using an operating system.

For example, hardware for performing selected tasks according to embodiments of the invention could be implemented as a chip or a circuit. As software, selected tasks according to embodiments of the invention could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions are executed by a computer using any suitable operating system. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, one or more tasks according to exemplary embodiments of method and/or system as described herein are performed by a data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions. Optionally, the data processor includes a volatile memory for storing instructions and/or data and/or a non-volatile storage, for example, a magnetic hard-disk and/or removable media, for storing instructions and/or data. Optionally, a network connection is provided as well. A display and/or a user interface device such as a keyboard, game device controller, remote control or mouse are optionally provided as well.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.

In the drawings: FIG. IA is a schematic illustration of the method for instructing a repetitive movement composition and it interaction with the cognitive processes involve in learning;

FIG. IB is a flowchart of a method for instructing a repetitive movement composition, such as dancing, according to some embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for training a user to perform a movement composition, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for training remotely located users to perform a movement composition and/or the transfer files and programs to/from the training apparatus to other servers, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exemplary set of images of an avatar performing sequential bodily movements of recurring movement pattern, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIGs. 4A and 4B are a schematic illustration of a set of vectors and markers that depict steps of a certain movement pattern object and a schematic illustration of an avatar that depict bodily movements, such as limb's movements of the certain movement pattern object, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exemplary frame of a movement pattern object which is presented with textual data that verbally describes a bodily movement from the sequence of bodily movements of the movement pattern object, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an exemplary set of frames depicting a bodily movement from the sequence of bodily movements of the movement pattern object from a number of points of view, according to some embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 7A and 7B is a schematic illustration of a multi windows display for presenting a number of sequential movement pattern objects simultaneously, according to some embodiments of the present invention. Also the figure depicts an avatar performing a practiced recurring movement pattern and graphical instructions of the subsequent recurring movement patterns, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying data pertaining to a certain recurring movement pattern, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for training a user to perform a certain recurring movement pattern of a certain movement composition while simultaneously reminding what are the one or more subsequent recurring movement patterns, according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a graphical user interface for training a user to perform and memorize movement composition simultaneously, according to some embodiments of the present invention; and

FIGs. 11A-11D are schematic illustrations of step detection units, according to some embodiments of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a method and a system for instructing a repetitive movement composition and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a method and a system for instructing a repetitive movement composition, such as dancing, performing a sport or work oriented movement task, and performing a therapy session.

According to some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a system and a method for training one or more users to perform a movement composition, such as dancing.

The system and method are based on identifying recurring movement patterns of bodily movements in the movement composition and presenting them to the one or more users. As further described below, the recurring movement patterns are sets of movement vectors which recur during bodily activities such as dancing, working, playing, and the like.

Optionally, the recurring movement patterns are presented sequentially, according to their order in movement composition. Optionally, each recurring movement pattern is presented with one or more consecutive movement patterns. In such a manner, the user can practice the recurring movement pattern and memorizing the order of movement patterns in the movement composition simultaneously.

Optionally, the training is performed by presenting one or more avatars that perform the recurring movement patterns. Optionally, the training is performed by presenting one or more graphical signs which are indicative of the recurring movement patterns.

Optionally, the system comprises an input interface that allows uploading and/or selecting a media object that represents a movement composition. The system analyzes the uploaded media object and extracts a sequence of recurring movement patterns which may be used for training, for example as outlined above and described below. In such a manner, the system can train the user according to movement compositions she wants to learn.

The recurring movement patterns may be presented in a rhythm or pace which is adapted to the level of the user. Optionally, the system comprises one or more detectors for capturing the movements of the user. Such capturing allows evaluating the user's performances and adjusting the training process accordingly. Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components and/or methods set forth in the following description and/or illustrated in the drawings and/or the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

In his book "My Brain on Music" by Daniel Levatin, which is incorporated herein as a reference, the author notes that dancing and music are on the same paradigm and share the same properties. The properties of music presented in his book include rhythmic aspects of music such as beat, tempo, meter and melodic aspects such scales, chord progressions, composition can be applied to understanding how we learn dance.

He notes that the brain processes the various aspect of music using different parts of the brain and in unison, using both left and right sides of the brain in the activity. The same should hold true for dancing that has a strong visual as well as interrelated music. Also see Sergio Chieffϊ, D. Alan Allport; Independent coding of target distance and direction in visuo-spatial working memory, Psychol Res (1997) 60:244-250. A book by Robert H. Logie & Michel Denis: Mental Images in Human Cognition, Elsevier, 1991 ISBN 0444888942, which is incorporated herein by reference. As this article shows, distinct parts of the brain handle movements/patterns learnt; and the learning of order/sequence of movements. The two may be learnt simultaneously which can then be used to improves the efficiency of the movement memorizing process.

Reference is now made to FIG. IA which is a schematic illustration of various learning steps and movement and audio database 110 that maintains movement compositions and objects 111 and associated audio composition and objects 112. The database may retrieve movement and audio sequences of choice 113 via a conversion module 114 to allow users to learn and practice 1115. Movement and audio components 116 may be associated one to another in a one-to-one or one-to-many relationship. Optionally, a user may select a dance, for example as described below. Now, the system offers a selection of related songs to accompany the dance and/or a selection of audio style such as Rock 'n' Roll.

The system stimulates the brain to memorize how to move more efficiently by manipulating the information available about the movement 117 and audio 118 and allowing the user to control this information to suite his or her personal needs. The information is prepared by the system as small objects of information, such as movement and audio. The objects provide the basis of memorizing complex information such as a dance composition. This approach allows the brain to memorize the individual objects and than to create the hierarchy of the composition. Optionally, the objects presentation is manipulated by the system to show highlight most relevant information and dimming non-relevant information, for example by highlighting a limb of an avatar which is respective to a limb that should be involved in the movement and dimming other limbs of the avatar. Together with the techniques described below, the composition is better cemented into memory.

To assist in the learning process, the movement sequences presentation 117 includes:

- The display of movement objects to the user in repetitive looping sequences , for example as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, FIG. 8,and FIG. 9. By using loops of movement objects, the power of repetition is recruited to induce users to learn and practice 115 movements. These repetitive movement objects are presented in sequences which allow simultaneously learning sequence and/or order of a movement composition and the individual movement objects. - The display of movement objects using highlighting that allows to focus the user's attention to the key aspects of the motion, for example as shown in FIG. 4,. Optionally, the highlighting is of limbs or objects involved in movement. Optionally, the highlighting includes showing limbs or objects motion path or vector; displaying start and finish positions of limbs and/or objects and other motion related indicators while dimming non-relevant information for example non performing limbs.

- The display of perspective views, for example as shown at FIG. 6, allows the user to view the motion from various perspectives. Again, repetitive looping sequences may be used to efficiently display a movement from various perspectives in an effort to allow the user a better understand the movement being learnt

The display of doctored motion loops, for example as shown at FIG. 10, where the timing of the movement object has been doctored or manipulated to emphasis the key elements reduces the non-vital elements of each individual movement object. This results in giving more emphasis to the user on the portion of the movement that is vital or key to learn.

The display of motion information, as shown at FIGS. 4 and 9 such as timing counters and textual instruction about each individual movement object assist the user in the learning the movement by reinforcing rhythm and verbal cues. - The display of other visual cues, as shown at FIGS. 8 and 9, come to alert the user during practice of events such as the next movement object or providing information on how to perform the sequence to music. To assist in the learning process the audio 118 sequences presentation includes:

- The accompaniment of Music, as shown at FIG. 4, to the movement provided as basic cue for activities such as dances and other leisure movements.

- The accompaniment of audio instructions, as shown at FIG. 4, reinforces the learning of leisure and work related movements. Other Audio cues, as shown at FIG. 4, include cues providing timing cues such as counters, or altering user during practice of next movement object, or providing information on how to perform the sequence.

In such a manner, the various cognitive processes involved in the learning of movement's visual and audio aspects are increased and/or stimulated while providing focus on the important aspects to be learnt; via above cues, the result is increased efficiency of recognition and memorization process. The system allows for better understanding of the movement composition and its structure resulting in quicker learning time and better retention time with the aim of reducing the length of the training process.

Reference is now made to FIG. IB, which is a flowchart of a method 100 for training a user to perform a movement composition by presenting recurring movement patterns of bodily movements thereto, according to some embodiments of the present invention. As used herein a movement composition means a dance, a therapy exercise, a sport related maneuver, such as a basketball or a fencing maneuver, and a martial art maneuver, such as a karate kata. Reference is also made to FIG. 2A, which is a schematic illustration of an apparatus 150 for training a user to perform a movement composition, according to some embodiments of the present invention. The apparatus 150 may be designed to function as a gaming console, a device for movement composition training, and/or a client terminal. As used herein, a client terminal means a personal computer, a thin client, a laptop, a game console, a cellular phone, a Smartphone, DVD, BluRay and/or any computing device that allows the presentation, for example using a display, such as an liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube (CRT) and/or any other presentation unit is suitable for displaying a user interface for training a user 151, as further described below. As depicted in FIG. 2A, the apparatus comprises a database 154, for hosting a plurality of recurring movement patterns and audio files, a conversion module 153, a user interface 152 that allows training a user 151.

As used herein, a recurring movement pattern means sequence of bodily movements in a predefined order that recur in various movement compositions, such as one or more dance moves, therapy, such as physiotherapy, exercise moves, and/or a multi movement gesture. As used herein, a bodily movement means a well defined human movement, such as a dance movement, a therapy related movement, a gesture, and a sport related movement of a sequence of sport related movement composition. An example for a bodily movement is a movement defined by a movement notation, such as a dance notation like the various ballet schools dictionaries, see Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation, see Eshkol, N. Wachman, A. Movement notation. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; 1958, The original exposition of the system by N. Eshkol and A. Wachman. Eshkol, N. Harries, J. G., EWMN Part I. Israel: The Movement Notation Society; 2001, and Cohen, E.; N amir, L., Schlesinger, I. M. Paris, A new dictionary of sign language, which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, a movement composition such as a sequence of bodily movements in a recurring movement patterns, for example a dance score in ballet may be annotated by phrases where each phrase represents a different recurring movement pattern. For example, in the French School phrases such as "port de bras", "battlement fondue at barre", "cabriole ferme" represents such recurring movement patterns. The dance score can then be notated by writing the phrases sequentially.

Optionally, the user interface 152 comprises a presentation unit, for example as described above. The user interface 152 may include any man-machine interface (MMI) which can be used for presenting movement instructions, such as speakers and/or tactile elements and/or input device, such as remote control, keyboard, keypad, mouse and the like for allowing the user 151 to select movement compositions and/or to control and/or adjust the training process, for example as described below.

Reference is also made to FIG. 2B, which is a schematic illustration of a training apparatus for training one or more remote users, according to some embodiments of the present invention. The database 154, and the conversion module 153 are as depicted in FIG. 2A. However, the training apparatus 150 comprises a network interface 161 for allowing a remote client terminal 160 to present movement pattern objects for training the user 151, for example as further described below. The network interface 161 is connected to a computer network 162, such as the internet and/or a communication network, such as a digital cellular communication system. The network interface 161 allows the user 151 to use the remote client terminal 160 for training and/or for performing selections of movement compositions, for example as describe below. The network interface 161 allows the training apparatus 150 to retrieve/send; from/to a remote server 163; movement & audio files; to/from the database 154.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown at 101, representations of a set of movement pattern objects are provided. A representation of the recurring movement pattern, which may be referred to herein as a movement pattern object, may be a video file, an audio file, an animation file, a set of instructions for manipulating a virtual figure, such as an avatar, a set of sequential images that emulates a bodily movement, and/or any other data that may be used for presenting a sequence of bodily movements. The set of movement pattern objects may be referred to herein as a recurring movement pattern dictionary. The recurring movement pattern dictionary optionally includes objects which represent a group of recurring movement patterns that may be used for covering various sequences of bodily movements.

It should be noted that though the number of recurring movement patterns may tend to infinity, as a function of the number of possible bodily movement sequences, the actual number of potential bodily movement sequences which are used in movement compositions, such as dancing, is relatively limited. In particular, in dancing like in music, the number of these sequences is relativity limited due to the physics of harmonics that limits the number of scales and chords sequences which sound pleasing. As the number of potential sequences is limited, the number of recurring movement patterns that is needed for covering them all is also relatively limited.

Optionally, the recurring movement pattern database can be accessed either locally, for example by accessing a local repository, such as the database 154, or remotely, for example by accessing a remote repository or computing unit, via a communication network, such as the internet, as shown at 162. Optionally, the training apparatus 150 allows the user to record her performances during the training process. In such an embodiment, the outputs of the aforementioned motion capture sensors, for example the step detection units and/or the movement detectors are recorded. Optionally, the training apparatus 150 comprises a separated recording device for recording the user's performances as a new movement composition. In such an embodiment, the training apparatus 150 analyzes the recorded performances and extracts a sequence of recurring movement patterns which may be used for training, for example as described below. In such a manner, the training apparatus 150 may train users according to movement compositions previously recorded performances. Optionally, the recorded performances are manipulated and/or split to recurring movement patterns using an MMI, such as the aforementioned GUI.

As described above, each recurring movement pattern comprises a sequence of bodily movements. For example, FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary set of images, a filmstrip view, of an avatar performing a sequence of bodily movements of an exemplary recurring movement pattern documented in an exemplary movement pattern object 200. The exemplary movement pattern object 200 is an animation file, such as a short film and/or an animated graphics interchange format (GIF) and a moving picture experts group (MPEG) file. Such a movement pattern object 200 may also be documented as a set of vectors or instructions that defines a movement pattern for the avatar. By displaying the movement pattern object 200 an avatar that demonstrates the sequence of bodily movements of the respective recurring movement pattern is presented to the user 151. Each image depicts a frame from one of the bodily movements in the sequence. The exemplary movement pattern object 200 includes four exemplary bodily movements. As shown at 201, the avatar moves Right Foot Across Left Foot, moving from state A to B, as shown at, 202, the avatar moves Raise Left Foot, moving from state B to C, and shown at, 203, the avatar moves Right Foot Back to start position, moving from state C to D, as shown at, 204, the avatar Hops to the Right, moving from state D to E. It should be noted that though the figures of avatars and other graphical representations in this application are static they may depict dynamic avatars and graphical representations in a certain instant of time.

Additionally or alternatively, a recurring movement pattern may include a set of graphical representations each depicts a bodily movement, for example by vectors and/or markers which are indicative of the movement of certain organs, such as limbs of the user. The system uses vectors and markers in repetitive patterns that the user can better visualized, recognize and memories the patterns in the dance or motion. See examples, FIG. 4A and 4B, which is an illustration of a GUI 400 where FIG 4A depicts, a title bar 401 with name of repetitive movement, a color coded bar identifying the movement 402; the footsteps steps of a bodily movement are represented via a set of textual markers 403, footsteps markers 405 and footstep path vectors 404. Optionally, when the set of graphical representations is presented, the set of vectors and/or markers is sequentially displayed, in parallel and/or instead of the aforementioned avatar. In FIG. 4B, which is an illustration of a GUI 410 that presents an avatar that indicate the set of vectors 301 and the bodily movements 302, such as upper limb movements. In such an embodiment, a title bar 401 with name of movement, a color coded bar identifying the repetitive movement 402; the limb position of a bodily movement are represented via a set of textual markers 403, hand markers 404 and hand path vectors 405..

Other markers include textual instructions regarding dance composition and each individual movement. They including a repeat in movement, for example accompanied with the announcement "and Again" or "Repeat Move", a change in movement for example accompanied with the announcement "Next Move", or "From the Top" as well as special highlights regarding motion for example accompanied with the announcement "kick high" or "look up" which indicate a change in movement. These elements together allow depicting rhythmic aspects of the dance including the order of steps, musical timing and right & left order of the movement. Others markers cover dance's form aspects including which limb is being used and the vector or path of motion for the limb.

As shown at 102, a movement composition is provided. As commonly known, a movement composition, such as a dance, a therapy session and a sport related maneuver, comprises a set of bodily movements. Optionally, the user interface 152 allows the user 151 to select a movement composition from a list of optional movement compositions which are presented thereto. The selection is either performed locally, for example by using a man machine interface (MMI) which is connected to the user interface 152, and/or remotely, for example by using the client terminal 157. Now, as shown at 103, the provided movement composition is converted to a sequence of recurring movement patterns. Optionally, a set of bodily movements is identified in the provided movement composition. The bodily movements may be identified manually, for example by allowing the user 151 to mark sequences of frames each depicts a different bodily movement and/or automatically, for example using techniques of image processing, for example as described below. Optionally, the bodily movements and/or the recurring movement patterns of the provided movement composition are marked in advance, allowing the conversation module to convert it to a sequence of movement pattern objects without substantial processing. This set may be divided, optionally by the conversion module 153, to sequences which are expressed by the movement pattern objects from the recurring movement pattern dictionary. In such a manner, a sequence of movement pattern objects that covers the set of bodily movements of the provided movement composition is identified.

Optionally, the user 151 uses the user interface 152 for uploading a file depicting and/or otherwise representing a movement composition. In such an embodiment, the conversation unit 154 is designed for receiving a file depicting an active figure, such as a dancing person or avatar and converting its movements to a set of visual objects from the database 151. Optionally, the received file is a video file that is processed according to one or more image processes for extracting the bodily movements of the figure. In such a manner, the user 151 may select a movement composition, such as a dance or an exercise, which she wants to learn and upload it to the conversion module 153.

Now, as shown at 117, a sequence of movement pattern objects from the recurring movement pattern dictionary is selected, tagged and/or otherwise pointed according to the provided movement composition. It should be noted that the dictionary may be defined and/or updated manually, for example by the system operator, and/or automatically, for example by automatic analysis of movement patterns in a plurality of movement compositions. Optionally, each one of the objects in the dictionary is tagged with an identifier indicative of the recurring movement patterns it presents. In use, the conversion module 153 matches the recurring movement patterns identified in the provided movement composition with movement pattern objects from the dictionary. The sequence of movement pattern objects allows presenting the sequence of movement pattern objects for training the user 151 to perform the provided movement composition, for example as described below.

Now, as shown at 118, the sequence of movement pattern objects is used for training one or more users to perform the provided movement composition. The training is performed by sequentially presenting movement pattern objects, for example as described below. Optionally, the presentation is performed by animating an animated figure, such as an avatar according to a sequence of instructions respective the sequence of movement pattern objects. In such a manner, an animation that emulates a performance of bodily movements defined in the sequence of recurring movement patterns is presented.

Optionally, some or all of the movement pattern objects are associated with annotation characteristics that define information about the manner a respective sequence of bodily movements is performed, for example "Dance with Spirit", "Reflect strength/weakness" for a sequence of dancing movement. In such an embodiment, the avatar is animated to emulate the one or more annotation characteristics, for example by changing the animation of the dancing avatar. For example, an avatar may be animated as dancing more vigorously and/or with a gauge icon representation of the level of required vigorousness. In such an embodiment, the conversion module 153 may be configured for detecting at least one expression characteristic in a recurring movement pattern of a received and/or selected movement composition and adjusting the respective movement pattern object that is presented for practicing the user 151 to perform it. For example, the expression characteristic may be determine according to the relative movement vector and/or velocity of the bodily movements of the recurring movement pattern in relation to other recurring movement patterns in the movement composition, the change of movement vector and/or velocity among the performance of the bodily movements themselves, and or any characteristic that reflects the manner bodily movements are expressed. Optionally, some or all of the movement pattern objects are associated with audio objects, such as files, which include a set of vocal instructions for performing the depicted bodily movements. In such an embodiment, an audio object may be played simultaneously with the presentation of a respective recurring movement pattern. For example, the instructions "right hand up... left hand up....right hand down... left hand down" may be played simultaneously with the presentation of the recurring movement pattern depicted in FIG. 5. The audio objects may include data which is pertaining to the rhythm, the pace and/or the frequency of the respective bodily movements. The audio instructions may be verbal, as verbal cues, such as counting, and/or as exemplified above, and/or notational, for example as a metronome sound that emphasis a required pace.

Optionally, some or all of the movement pattern objects are associated with textual data, such as a text file, which include a set of verbal instructions for performing the depicted bodily movements. In such an embodiment, the textual data may be presented simultaneously with the presentation of a respective movement pattern object. For example, FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary frame of the movement pattern object that is depicted in FIG. 4B and presented with textual data that verbally describes a bodily movement from the sequence of bodily movements of the respective recurring movement pattern, according to some embodiments of the present invention.

Optionally, some or all of the movement pattern objects allows presenting a sequence of bodily movements from a number of points of view, for example as depicted in FIG. 6. In such an embodiment, the bodily movements are animated and/or played, optionally simultaneously, from a number of points of view, optionally lateral, frontal, perspective, bottom, and/or posterior. The animation and/or display allow the user 151 to get a comprehensive picture of the performance of the bodily movements. Optionally, the user 151 may select the presented points of view and/or the magnification of the avatar. Optionally, the bodily movements are animated and/or played from the demonstrating avatar and/or figure point of view. In such an embodiment, the user 151 receives an image of how she supposes to see her surrounding, dancing partner, and/or body parts during the performance of the respective recurring movement pattern.

Now, as shown at 119, the users can control the sequence of movement pattern objects used. Reference is now also made to FIG. 7 A, which is a schematic illustration of a multi windows display presentation of a number of sequential movement pattern objects simultaneously, during the training process, according to some embodiments of the present invention. As described above, though each window display represents a dynamic video clip and animation that presents the content of a movement pattern object. This figure illustrates that several compositions and their movement patterns may be displayed to the user. The movement patterns may be accompanied by selection of two or more songs 701. Each dance composition may be presented in various sequences, in the example shown, by levels of difficulty 702. The user may select the movement patterns to be displayed during training. This figure shows in particular two different compositions that may be at different learning level, for example easy, medium and difficult. The compositions differ in the repetitive movement used with the easy level only incorporated a few repetitive movement of the normal composition, the normal incorporating all movements, while the hard level may be achieved through adding additional movements to the normal composition or for example requiring the users to perform the movement at double-time. The number of sequential recurring movement patterns which are presented simultaneously will depend on screen resolution and may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 36 or any intermediate or larger number of screens. The multi-motions window displays environment that provides a rich navigation experience during the training process by allowing the user to preview and select movement compositions, level of difficulty, the sequences of repetitive movements, viewing angles as well as audio parameter to be played back during the training session. In such a manner, the user 151 can practice the sequence of bodily movements depicted in the movement pattern objects in a self adjusted pace and move to the following sequences whenever she finished practicing the presented sequences, either programmatically, manually or automatically according to the output of a motion sensor. In the example depicted in FIG. 7B, the user may define the range of sequences, such as shown by markers 711, for playback and/or looping and/or any other manipulation. This includes defining the viewing angle 712, tempo of playback and the type of audio 713 to be played back. The system automatically playback clips in sequences predefined to be the most suitable for training where the sequence of movements is to be practiced repetitively to achieve successful learning. In the example shown in FIG. 7B, the system displays the first loop of moves 1, 2, and 3 from the avatar and/or from the back viewpoint and at a slow pace with instructional audio. After which, the system displays the second loop with moves 1, 2, 3, and 4, using the same audio in an angle setting. The third loop is the same with moves 1 to 6 included and finally the forth loop shows the same as the third loop but with avatar from the front viewpoint and the audio running at normal pace and playing counting voice rather than audio instructions. The user may change, delete and/or add loops, as shown at 714.

Furthermore, in such a display the user 151 practices a sequence of bodily movements of a practiced recurring movement pattern while watching one or more previous and/or subsequent recurring movement patterns. As used herein, a practiced recurring movement pattern means a recurring movement pattern which is currently presented as part of the movement composition practice. In such a manner, the user 151 may memorize the timing of the practiced recurring movement pattern by associating it with one or more of the previous and/or following presented sequences

The presentation of a number of sequential recurring movement patterns simultaneously allows the user 151 to navigate quickly along the presented recurring movement patterns and/or to select separately one or more of the recurring movement patterns for additional data, magnification change, and/or processing.

Additionally or alternatively, a visual indicator is used for indicating the rhythm or pace of a dance or exercise of the practiced movement composition. Optionally, the visual indicator is a bouncing ball that bounces across the top of the display windows according to the rhythm or pace of the practiced movement composition. Optionally, the visual indicator is a progress bar that progress across the display windows according to the rhythm or pace of the practiced movement composition. Optionally, the visual indicator is a progress bar that guides the rhythm, tempo and/or pace of the practiced movement composition. The visual indicator allows the user 151 to better estimate the rhythm or pace of progress of the related movement composition and optionally adjust the playing thereof during the practicing process. Optionally, the recurring movement patterns presented by the display windows are changed during the practicing process according to the progress of the related movement composition. Additionally or alternatively, a visual indicator is used for indicating repetition of recurring movement patterns during a movement composition, for example the repetition of dancing recurring movement patterns during a chorus of a song such as in music phrasing as shown by indicator 404 representing the start and finish point of the dance which repeats its basic 6 movement over and over again to the music. Additionally or alternatively, the user 151 interface 152 allows a user 151 to mark one or more of the recurring movement patterns with unique visual indicators. In such an embodiment, the appearance of the unique visual indicators reminds the user 151 the selected recurring movement patterns. For example, the user 151 may associate a certain recurring movement pattern with a sign, a symbol, and/or textual data or audio that assists her during the performance thereof, for example by specifying a choreography name, a choreography style, and/or any identifier she selects. Optionally, the previous and/or subsequent recurring movement patterns are processed to present graphical instructions that allow the user 151 to be prepared for the performance thereof.

Reference is now also made to FIG. 8, which is a schematic illustration of a graphical user interface (GUI) 800 for displaying data pertaining to a certain recurring movement pattern, according to some embodiments of the present invention. As described above, the multi windows display allows the user 151 to select a recurring movement pattern she wants to focus on. Optionally, the selection triggers the presentation of data pertaining to the recurring movement pattern and the sequence of bodily movements it represents. For example, the GUI 800 displays one or more of the following for each practiced recurring movement pattern:

1. An animation or live film of the respective sequence of bodily movements 901.

2. A recurring movement pattern position 902 - for example the sequential number of the recurring movement pattern in the related ordered group, for example at the 4 ^th slot of 41 slots.

3. Previous and/or subsequent recurring movement patterns - for example as shown at 903.

4. A graphical representation of user position, for example according to the output of the user movement detectors which are described below, optionally in comparison with a representation of the instructed steps- for example as shown at 904. Optionally, the presentation includes positive and/or negative feedback to emphasis the accuracy of the user's performances- for example as shown at 904. Optionally, as shown at 905 a textual rank is presented to the user. Additional graphical representation may include an estimated caloric value of the performed movements, overall and/or average accuracy level, an average pace, and/or the like.

5. Audio options 907, which is related to the user movement may be selected by the user, 6. Additional appearances in the movement composition - indicates where the recurring movement pattern repeats along the sequence described in the practiced movement of dance components. For example, in the GUI depicted in FIG. 8.

7. Perspective views such as a front view, a side view and, a back view, for example as shown in FIG. 6 and 908.

8. Additional data — each recurring movement pattern and/or movement composition may be associated with general data, such as general education pertaining to the recurring movement pattern and/or the movement composition, and history of motion such as in 909.

9. Playback controls (not shown in figure as they appear on user request) i.e. play, stop, pause, skip to next or previous moves as well pace or tempo of playback can be manipulated by user.

Optionally, the sequence in the recurring movement pattern is presented in a slow motion mode. Optionally, the display velocity is controlled by the user 151.

Reference is now made to FIG. 9, which is a flowchart of a method 950 for training a user to perform a certain recurring movement pattern of a certain movement composition while simultaneously reminding what are the one or more subsequent recurring movement patterns, according to some embodiments of the present invention. In use, the user may practice bodily movements of a certain recurring movement pattern that is currently presented thereto while simultaneously receiving indicators of the one or more subsequent recurring movement patterns, for example as an avatar or a figure that perform the bodily movement of the subsequent recurring movement patterns. First, as shown at 951, a sequence of recurring movement patterns, such as repetitive dancing moves, of a movement composition, such as a dance, is received. Optionally, the sequence of movement pattern objects is ordered according to their order of performance.

Now, as shown at 951 and 952, the method allows the user to practice a certain recurring movement pattern of the movement composition while simultaneously being reminded of the subsequent recurring movement patterns. In these embodiments at least two sequential recurring movement patterns of the movement composition group are presented simultaneously.

As commonly known, the learning a movement composition, such as a dance and/or an exercise, requires memorizing the order of bodily movements. As described above, the selected sequence of recurring movement patterns is arranged according to the order of bodily movements in the uploaded and/or selected movement composition. As such, the presentation of a recurring movement pattern from the selected sequence of recurring movement patterns simultaneously with a previous and/or subsequent recurring movement pattern may assist the user to memorize the timing thereof in the movement composition according to which it is trained.

Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which are exemplary GUI for simultaneously displaying a practiced recurring movement pattern of a common movement composition and one or more subsequent recurring movement patterns thereof, according to some embodiments of the present invention. In such a manner, as further described below, the training apparatus 150 may simultaneously train the user to perform a certain movement composition and assist her to memorize the order of recurring movement patterns thereof.

One of the fundamental elements in learning a new movement composition, such as a new dance, is memorizing the order of its recurring movement patterns. As described above, the segmentation of movement compositions into repetitive recurring movement patterns may assist users to memorize the movements they perform during while carrying out a movement composition. In addition, such segmentation may facilitate the memorizing of the order of the steps and/or movements performed while carrying out the movement composition. Instead of memorizing a plurality of repetitive single steps and/or movements the user has to memorize only a relatively small number of repetitive recurring movement patterns, each represents a number of single steps and/or single movements. In order to improve the movement composition learning process, a system such as the training apparatus 150 depicted in FIG. 2A, is configured for performing the method depicted in FIG. 9. In particular, the system simultaneously displays a movement pattern object for instantaneous training and subsequent movement pattern objects as a preparation for consecutive training. In such a manner, a user, such as a dancer, may practice a certain sequence of dancing steps while watching the following sequences she has to follow as a reminder.

Such a simultaneous presentation may reduce the number of reputations the user has to perform in order to memorize a certain dance. The presentation of the subsequent recurring movement patterns, optionally by depicting an avatar and/or a dancing visual entity that performs them, is used as a memory refreshing sign for the user. The ability to receive such a memory refreshing sign allows the user to deal with the complexity of performing a recurring movement pattern without having to simultaneously focusing on recalling what the subsequent recurring movement patterns are. For example, FIG. 8 depicts a split screen having a main screen 901 for displaying a video object depicting the practiced recurring movement pattern and four secondary windows 903 a for displaying the four subsequent recurring movement patterns. Optionally, as depicted in 903b showing less information about each pattern but more upcoming patterns are shown. The training apparatus 150 is configured for displaying a moving avatar that performs the practiced recurring movement pattern and/or the subsequent recurring movement pattern. Optionally, the moving avatar is configured for displaying a transition pose or movement that instructs the user which movement and/or pose she has to perform between a currently performed recurring movement pattern and subsequent recurring movement patterns. Optionally, the subsequent recurring movement patterns are presented in a pace and/or a rhythm that is different from the pace and/or rhythm of the performance thereof in the movement composition. For example, recurring movement patterns of a dance in 903 may be displayed in a slower and/or a faster rhythm than the expected performance thereof. A visual marker can show the pace and or rhythm. Referring now also to Fig. 10, the presentation of the subsequent recurring movement patterns in a faster rhythm allows exposing the user to 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20 or any intermediate number of training repetitions during the presentation of the practiced recurring movement pattern. In such a manner, the user gets to see and memorize each recurring movement pattern of the movement composition a number of times as compared to normal pace. For example, recurring movement patterns of a dance may be displayed in a faster rhythm than the expected performance thereof, allowing a training dancer to recall and memorize or rememorize the subsequent recurring movement patterns.

The presentation of the subsequent recurring movement patterns in a slower rhythm allows exposing the user to new movements in a preferred learning pace during the presentation of the practiced recurring movement pattern in a regular pace. In such a manner, the user has more time to process the subsequent movement sequence. Optionally, only part of the subsequent recurring movement pattern is expedited while other sections represented in a slower rhythm, for example only complex movements are shown slowly or at normal pace while others are shown at higher speed then normal pace. In such a manner, the subsequent movement sequence can be presented at the time of the current movement sequence while providing more emphasis on complex part of the movement. Optionally, while the beginning of the one or more of the subsequent recurring movement patterns is presented in a higher rhythm or pace, the end of the one or more of the subsequent recurring movement patterns is presented in a slower rhythm or pace, and/or vise versa. In such a manner, the total length of presenting the subsequent recurring movement patterns does not exceed the total length of presenting the practiced recurring movement pattern. For example, while a practiced recurring movement pattern is presented in a rhythm X, the first part of a subsequent recurring movement pattern is presented in rhythm 2X/3, and the last seconds are presented in rhythm 4X/3.

Optionally, the subsequent recurring movement patterns are displayed blurred, otherwise partially obscured, or manipulated to animate a vector motion for example as depicted in FIG. 10. In such a manner, the user can focus on the practiced recurring movement pattern without disturbances caused by the presentation of the subsequent recurring movement patterns.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the training apparatus 150 is connected to one or more user movement detectors. In such a manner, the training apparatus 150 may automatically adjust the presentation of the practiced recurring movement pattern and/or the subsequent recurring movement patterns to the performance of the user and/or provide the user with a feedback to her performances. Optionally, the one or more user movement detectors comprises an image sensor, such as a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, and/or cylinder identification (CID) sensor. In such an embodiment, the movements of the user may be captured by the image sensor during the presentation of the practiced recurring movement pattern. The captured movements are processed, optionally using techniques known in the art, for extracting motion vectors and/or patterns. The extracted motion vectors and/or patterns can now be matched with motion vectors and/or patterns which are associated with the presented recurring movement pattern. If the matching indicates that the user performed the movements of the presented recurring movement pattern accurately, the rank is high and if the matching indicates that the user performed the movements poorly the rank is low. Optionally, the one or more user movement detectors comprises a floor panel having a step-on base section for allowing the user to .perform a stepping operation instruction, which is part of the recurring movement patterns of the movement composition. Optionally, stepping operation instruction contents are guided in sequence from the training apparatus 150. In such an embodiment, the movements of the user may be captured by the step-on base section during the presentation of the practiced recurring movement pattern. The captured stepping is processed for extracting motion patterns. The stepping may be matched with stepping patterns which are associated with the presented recurring movement pattern. If the matching indicates that the user performed the movements of the presented recurring movement pattern accurately, the rank is high and if the matching indicates that the user performed the movements poorly the rank is low.

Optionally, the step-on base section comprises a matrix or any other arrangement of step detection units, for example as shown at FIGS. 1 IA- HD.

Optionally, the step detection unit is configured for detecting pressure that is applied by the user's stepping and/or by using two substantially perpendicular arrays of sensors for detecting the orientation of the user's feet, for example as shown at FIG. HB.

Optionally, each step detection unit indicates when the user is supposed to step on it, for example by activating one or more light emitting sources, such as LEDs, which are connected thereto. Optionally, the light emitting sources are used for indicating whether the user is currently stepping on respective step detection unit or not. Optionally, each step detection unit comprises a tactile unit for applying a positive and/or a negative feedback to the user according to the compliance of her steps with the trained movement composition. Optionally, a central light emitting source is used for all the step detection units. In such an embodiment, the central light emitting source is configured for illuminating the step detection units according to the performances of the user, for example as shown at FIG. HD. This allows lights to be projected on the step detection units, used to indicating step positions to be taken by the user, and to provide negative and/or positive feedbacks.

Optionally, the performances of the user are estimated according to the outputs of the step detection units and/or aforementioned arrays of sensors.

Optionally, the step-on base section is designed to allow a plurality of users to train, for example as described above, simultaneously. For example numeral 244 is step- on base section that is designed to allow two of users to train simultaneously. For example numeral 245 is step-on base section that is designed to allow four of users to train simultaneously.

Optionally, the step-on base section is foldable, for example as shown at numeral 242 of FIG. HA. Optionally, the step-on base section is decomposable, for example as shown at FIG. HC. In such a manner, the training apparatus 150 or the step-on base section may be folded and/or decomposed for reducing the storage volume. Optionally, the presentation unit comprises one or more light fixtures and/or speakers which are optionally attached to poles and configured for light up and/or play music according to the user performances.

Optionally, the training apparatus 150 comprises tactile feedback elements such as punch bags, for providing negative and/or positive feedback, for example by contacting the user and as shown in numeral 243 of FIG. HA.

Optionally, the one or more user movement detectors comprise a movement sensor, such as an accelerometer, for detecting movements of the user. In such an embodiment, the movement sensor may be integrated into a wearable device, such a ring, a bracelet, a badge and/or necklace. Optionally, the movement sensor detects movement patterns of the user and matches them with respective patterns, for example as described above. Optionally, the training apparatus 150 may change the rhythm or pace of the trained movement composition according to the user performances and/or rank. The ranking may be presented during the training process and/or used for adjusting the presentation of the subsequent recurring movement patterns. For example, if the user receives a low rank, more subsequent recurring movement patterns are presented and/or the position thereof in the screen is centered and/or enlarged. However, if the user receives a high rank, less subsequent recurring movement patterns are presented and/or the position thereof in the screen is decentralized and/or reduced.

Additionally or alternatively, the displaying of the recurring movement patterns is determined according to the performances of the user. Optionally, if the performances of the user are ranked below a certain threshold with regard to the practiced recurring movement pattern, the training apparatus 150 repeats the presentation of the practiced recurring movement pattern. Optionally, the training apparatus 150 adjusts the rhythm according to the rank given to the performances of the user.

It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant methods and system will be developed and the scope of the term image processing, movement detection and presentation is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.

As used herein the term "about" refers to ± 10 %

The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "having" and their conjugates mean "including but not limited to".

The term "consisting of means "including and limited to". The term "consisting essentially of" means that the composition, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.

As used herein, the singular form "a", "an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term "a compound" or "at least one compound" may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.

Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range. The phrases "ranging/ranges between" a first indicate number and a second indicate number and "ranging/ranges from" a first indicate number "to" a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals therebetween.

As used herein, the term "treating" includes abrogating, substantially inhibiting, slowing or reversing the progression of a condition, substantially ameliorating clinical or aesthetical symptoms of a condition or substantially preventing the appearance of clinical or aesthetical symptoms of a condition.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent that section headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarily limiting.