ANDERSON DERRICK (US)
PU GANG (US)
STOKES JIMMY (US)
GHOSH KAUSTAV (US)
WO2018136719A1 | 2018-07-26 | |||
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WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A method for removing soils from a polyester textile comprising: contacting a textile having a soil with a cleaning composition so that a micro emulsion is formed, the composition comprising one or more extended chain nonionic surfactants of the following formula: R-[PO]x-[EO]y wherein R is C10 or C12 Guerbet, x is 8 and y is the average degree of ethoxylation ranging from 3 to 10. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, y is 3 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of 80° to 90° F. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein y is 6 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 120° to about 160°F. 4. The method of any one of claims 1 - 3, wherein y is 8 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 150° to about 185°F. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein y is 10 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 165° to about 190°F. 6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition further comprises an alkalinity source. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6 wherein the ratio of extended surfactant to alkalinity is from about 2:1 to about 1:6. 8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the composition further comprises a cosurfactant. 9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the cosurfactant comprises a surfactant having an EO/PO block copolymer, alkoxylated alcohol, or alkyl ether diamine. 10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the ratio of extended surfactant of cosurfactant is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 11. The method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the ratio of the extended chain nonionic surfactant to the EO/PO block copolymer is about 5:1 or alkyl ether diamine 3:2. 12. The method of any one of claims 1-11, further comprising rinsing the detergent composition and the soil from the textile. 13. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the soil comprises non-transfats and/or cosmetic soils. 14. A cleaning composition with a surfactant package of a C10 or C12-[PO]8-[EO]y Guerbet alcohol, y is the average degree of ethoxylation ranging from 3 to 10 wherein no other extended chain nonionic surfactants are present. 15. The cleaning composition of claim 14 wherein said y is 3 and a micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of 80° to 90° F. 16. The cleaning composition of claim 14 or 15, wherein y is 6 and a micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 120° to about 160°F. 17. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-16, wherein y is 8 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 150° to about 185°F. 18. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-17, wherein y is 10 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 165° to about 190°F. 19. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-18, wherein the composition further comprises an additional surfactant. 20. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-19 wherein the extended surfactant is based on linear alcohol. 21. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-20 wherein the additional surfactant is a surfactant having an EO/PO block copolymer, alkoxylated alcohol, or alkyl ether diamine. 22. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-21, wherein the ratio of extended surfactant to additional surfactant is from about 1:5 to about 5:1. 23. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-22, wherein the ratio of the extended chain nonionic surfactant to the EO/PO block copolymer is about 5:1 or alkyl ether diamine 3:2. 24. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-23 further comprising an alkalinity source. 25. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-24 wherein the ratio of extended surfactant to alkalinity is from about 2:1 to about 1:6. 26. The cleaning composition of any one of claims 14-25 further comprising a solvent. 27. A method of removing oils and transfats from soiled spun polyester comprising; treating said soiled polyester with a composition comprising a C10 or C12- [PO]8-[EO]y Guerbet alcohol wherein y is 3-10 so that an emulsion is formed, and thereafter rinsing said polyester so that emulsified oils and transfats are removed. 28. The method of claim 25 wherein said emulsion is formed at a temperature of 80° to 90° F. 29. The method of claim 27 wherein said wherein said y is 3. 30. The method of claim 29, and a micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 120° to about 160°F. 31. The method of claim 27 wherein said y is 6. 32. The method of claim 29, and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 150° to about 185°F. 33. The method of claim 32 wherein y is 8. 34. The method of claim 33, and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 165° to about 190°F. 35. The method of claim 27 wherein y is 10. |
A nonionic extended chain surfactant is employed as a surfactant component in cleaning, rinsing, degreasing, and other formulations. The nonionic surfactants have been optimized to form stable microemulsions without the need for co-surfactants. According to an embodiment, emulsions or microemulsions of different temperature range that are stable and irreversible, i.e. the emulsion or microemulsion does not revert as it stays in the specific temperature range. The surfactant system is capable of forming emulsions or microemulsions with, or in cleaning compositions for removing or treated stains caused by oils and fatty acids including hydrocarbon type oils, vegetable oils, organic oils, mineral oils, synthetic oils, petrochemical oils, volatile essential oils, including fatty acids, lipids as well as triglycerides. This feature may be used for removal of the oils in cleaning products or in any other product which requires an oil emulsion or microemulsion such as lubricants, suntan lotions, pharmaceutical applications hair products such as shampoos, gels, conditioners and the like, Petroleum products such as diesel fuel (petrodiesel), ethane (and other short-chain alkanes), fuel oils (heaviest of commercial fuels, used in ships/furnaces), gasoline (petrol), jet fuel, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas, Lubrication products for various personal and engineering purposes, detergents, fertilizers, medicines, paints, plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber. CLEANING COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING RINSE AIDS COMPRISING EXTENDED CHAIN NONIONIC SURFACTANTS The surfactant system disclosed may be used alone, as a pre-treatment, pre-soak or pre-spot composition in combination with a traditional warewash, or laundry detergent or cleaner, or may be incorporated within a cleaning composition. The embodiments comprise both hard surface and soft surface cleaning compositions including the disclosed surfactant system. Applicants have found that the use of these optimized extended chain nonionic surfactants can radically cut down on the rejection rate after cleaning these heavily soiled spun polyester napkins, even with significantly lower or no alkali and across a wide temperature range of application. Applicants also have discovered that these optimized extended chain nonionic surfactants can be used as a soil release agent to minimize or prevent the tenacious attachment of soils such as the cosmetics soil on the pretreated substrate, thus making subsequent cleaning much easier, sometimes even with just water rinsing without the use of detergents. CLEANING COMPOSITION FORMULATIONS In another embodiment a ware wash or laundry detergent which includes a builder, and other traditional components such as enzymes is contemplated. Examples of such standard laundry, warewash, and rinse aid components and formulations, which are well known to those skilled in the art, are provided in the following paragraphs. The detergent or warewash composition can be provided in solid or liquid form and includes, for example, an alkalinity source, a metal protector (for warewash), a surfactant or surfactant system disclosed herein, water, and a threshold agent, and other optional components. Typical formulations can include from about 30% and about 80% by weight alkalinity source, between about 15% and about 35% by weight metal protector, between about 2% and about 10% by weight surfactant, between about 0.1% and about 20% by weight water, between about 0.2% and about 15% by weight threshold agent. If a scale inhibitor is present it is present in an amount of from about 0 to about 15% by weight. In yet another embodiment, a hard surface cleaning composition is disclosed, with the surfactant system, an acid source or source of alkalinity, and optionally a solvent, a water conditioning agent, and water to make a hard surface cleaner which will be effective at removing greasy and oily soils from surfaces such as showers, sinks, toilets, bathtubs, countertops, windows, mirrors, transportation vehicles, floors, and the like. These surfaces can be those typified as "hard surfaces" (such as walls, floors, bed- pans). A typical hard surface formulation at about 18% activity includes between about 40 wt.% and about 80 wt.% surfactant system, between about 3 wt.% and about 18 wt.% water conditioning agent, between about 0.1 wt.% and about 0.55 wt.% acid or alkalinitysource, between about 0 wt.% and about 10 wt.% solvent and between about 10 wt.% and about 60 wt.% water. Particularly, the cleaning compositions include between about 45 wt.% and about 75 wt.% surfactant system, between about 0 wt.% and about 10 wt.% optional co- surfactant, between about 5 wt.% and about 15 wt.% water conditioning agent, between about 0.3 wt.% and about 0.5 wt.% acid or alkalinity source, between about 0 and about 6 wt.% solvent and between about 15 wt.% and about 50 wt.% water. In other embodiments, similar intermediate concentrations and use concentrations may also be present in the cleaning compositions. Additional Components While not essential for the purposes of the present embodiemnts, the non-limiting list of additional components illustrated hereinafter are suitable for use in the instant compositions and may be desirably incorporated in certain embodiments, for example to assist or enhance cleaning performance, for treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the cleaning composition as is the case with perfumes, colorants, dyes or the like. The precise nature of these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the cleaning operation for which it is to be used. Suitable additional materials include, but are not limited to, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, viscosity modifiers, dispersants, additional enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, threshold inhibitors for hard water precipitation pigments, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, fabric hueing agents, perfumes, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softeners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents, pigments antimicrobials, pH buffers, processing aids, active fluorescent whitening ingredient, additional surfactants and mixtures thereof. In addition to the disclosure below, suitable examples of such other adjuncts and levels of use are found in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,576,282, 6,306,812 B1 and 6,326,348 B1 that are incorporated by reference. As stated, the adjunct ingredients are not essential to Applicants' compositions. Thus, certain embodiments of Applicants' compositions do not contain additional materials. However, when one or more additional materials are present, such one or more additional components may be present as detailed below: The liquid detergent herein has a neat pH of from about 7 to about 13, or about 7 to about 9, or from about 7.2 to about 8.5, or from about 7.4 to about 8.2. The detergent may contain a buffer and/or a pH-adjusting agent, including inorganic and/or organic alkalinity sources and acidifying agents such as water-soluble alkali metal, and/or alkali earth metal salts of hydroxides, oxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, silicates, phosphates, and/or metasilicates; or sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, pyrophosphate, orthophosphate, polyphosphate, and/or phosphonate. The organic alkalinity source herein includes a primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amine. The inorganic acidifying agent herein includes HF, HCl, HBr, HI, boric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and/or sulphonic acid; or boric acid. The organic acidifying agent herein includes substituted and substituted, branched, linear and/or cyclic C 1-30 carboxylic acid. Bleaching Agents--The cleaning compositions may comprise one or more bleaching agents. Suitable bleaching agents other than bleaching catalysts include photobleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, pre- formed peracids and mixtures thereof. In general, when a bleaching agent is used, the compositions may comprise from about 0.1% to about 50% or even from about 0.1% to about 25% bleaching agent by weight of the subject cleaning composition. Examples of suitable bleaching agents include: (1) preformed peracids: Suitable preformed peracids include, but are not limited to, compounds selected from the group consisting of percarboxylic acids and salts, percarbonic acids and salts, perimidic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfuric acids and salts, for example, Oxzone®, and mixtures thereof. Suitable percarboxylic acids include hydrophobic and hydrophilic peracids having the formula R-- (C--O)O--O-M wherein R is an alkyl group, optionally branched, having, when the peracid is hydrophobic, from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and, when the peracid is hydrophilic, less than 6 carbon atoms or even less than 4 carbon atoms; and M is a counterion, for example, sodium, potassium or hydrogen;(2) sources of hydrogen peroxide, for example, inorganic perhydrate salts, including alkali metal salts such as sodium salts of perborate (usually mono- or tetra-hydrate), percarbonate, persulphate, perphosphate, persilicate salts and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the inorganic perhydrate salts are selected from the group consisting of sodium salts of perborate, percarbonate and mixtures thereof. When employed, inorganic perhydrate salts are typically present in amounts of from 0.05 to 40 wt %, or 1 to 30 wt % of the overall composition and are typically incorporated into such compositions as a crystalline solid that may be coated. Suitable coatings include, inorganic salts such as alkali metal silicate, carbonate or borate salts or mixtures thereof, or organic materials such as water-soluble or dispersible polymers, waxes, oils or fatty soaps; and(3) bleach activators having R--(C--O)-L wherein R is an alkyl group, optionally branched, having, when the bleach activator is hydrophobic, from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and, when the bleach activator is hydrophilic, less than 6 carbon atoms or even less than 4 carbon atoms; and L is leaving group. Examples of suitable leaving groups are benzoic acid and derivatives thereof-- especially benzene sulphonate. Suitable bleach activators include dodecanoyl oxybenzene sulphonate, decanoyl oxybenzene sulphonate, decanoyl oxybenzoic acid or salts thereof, 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulphonate, tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) and nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate (NOBS). Suitable bleach activators are also disclosed in WO 98/17767. While any suitable bleach activator may be employed, in one aspect the subject cleaning composition may comprise NOBS, TAED or mixtures thereof. When present, the peracid and/or bleach activator is generally present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 60 wt %, from about 0.5 to about 40 wt % or even from about 0.6 to about 10 wt % based on the composition. One or more hydrophobic peracids or precursors thereof may be used in combination with one or more hydrophilic peracid or precursor thereof. The amounts of hydrogen peroxide source and peracid or bleach activator may be selected such that the molar ratio of available oxygen (from the peroxide source) to peracid is from 1:1 to 35:1, or even 2:1 to 10:1. Additional Surfactant--In some embodiments, the compositions include one or more additional surfactants. Additional surfactants can be anionic, nonionic, cationic zwitterionic and can also include additional extended chain surfactant as discussed herein. The cleaning composition can contain an anionic surfactant component that includes a detersive amount of an anionic surfactant or a mixture of anionic surfactants. In certain embodiments the anionic surfactant can be an extended anionic surfactant. In some instances, the compositions can further include an extended anionic surfactant. Anionic extended surfactants generally have the formula R-[L] x -[O—CH 2 --CH 2 ] y —M where M is any ionic species such as carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, and phosphates. A cationic species will generally also be present for charge neutrality such as hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and ammonium ions which may be substituted with one or more organic groups. Anionic surfactants are desirable in cleaning compositions because of their wetting and detersive properties. The anionic surfactants that can be used include any anionic surfactant available in the cleaning industry. Suitable groups of anionic surfactants include sulfonates and sulfates. Suitable surfactants that can be provided in the anionic surfactant component include alkyl aryl sulfonates, secondary alkane sulfonates, alkyl methyl ester sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, and alcohol sulfates. Suitable alkyl aryl sulfonates that can be used in the cleaning composition can have an alkyl group that contains 6 to 24 carbon atoms and the aryl group can be at least one of benzene, toluene, and xylene. A suitable alkyl aryl sulfonate includes linear alkyl benzene sulfonate. A suitable linear alkyl benzene sulfonate includes linear dodecyl benzyl sulfonate that can be provided as an acid that is neutralized to form the sulfonate. Additional suitable alkyl aryl sulfonates include xylene sulfonate and cumene sulfonate. Suitable alkane sulfonates that can be used in the cleaning composition can have an alkane group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. Suitable alkane sulfonates that can be used include secondary alkane sulfonates. A suitable secondary alkane sulfonate includes sodium C 14 -C 17 secondary alkyl sulfonate commercially available as Hostapur SAS from Clariant. Suitable alkyl methyl ester sulfonates that can be used in the cleaning composition include those having an alkyl group containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms. Suitable alpha olefin sulfonates that can be used in the cleaning composition include those having alpha olefin groups containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms. Suitable alkyl ether sulfates that can be used in the cleaning composition include those having between about 1 and about 10 repeating alkoxy groups, between about 1 and about 5 repeating alkoxy groups. In general, the alkoxy group will contain between about 2 and about 4 carbon atoms. A suitable alkoxy group is ethoxy. A suitable alkyl ether sulfate is sodium lauryl ether sulfate and is available under the name Steol CS-460. Suitable alkyl sulfates that can be used in the cleaning composition include those having an alkyl group containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms. Suitable alkyl sulfates include, but are not limited to, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl/myristyl sulfate. Suitable alcohol sulfates that can be used in the cleaning composition include those having an alcohol group containing about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms. The anionic surfactant can be neutralized with an alkaline metal salt, an amine, or a mixture thereof. Suitable alkaline metal salts include sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Suitable amines include monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, and monoisopropanolamine. If a mixture of salts is used, a suitable mixture of alkaline metal salt can be sodium and magnesium, and the molar ratio of sodium to magnesium can be between about 3:1 and about 1:1. The cleaning composition, when provided as a concentrate, can include the additional anionic surfactant component in an amount sufficient to provide a use composition having desired wetting and detersive properties after dilution with water. The concentrate can contain about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, 30 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, and about 1 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, and similar intermediate concentrations of the anionic surfactant. The cleaning composition can contain a nonionic surfactant component that includes a detersive amount of nonionic surfactant or a mixture of nonionic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants can be included in the cleaning composition to enhance grease removal properties. Although the surfactant component can include a nonionic surfactant component, it should be understood that the nonionic surfactant component can be excluded from the detergent composition. Additional nonionic surfactants that can be used in the composition include polyalkylene oxide surfactants (also known as polyoxyalkylene surfactants or polyalkylene glycol surfactants). Suitable polyalkylene oxide surfactants include polyoxypropylene surfactants and polyoxyethylene glycol surfactants. Suitable surfactants of this type are synthetic organic polyoxypropylene (PO)-polyoxyethylene (EO) block copolymers. These surfactants include a di-block polymer comprising an EO block and a PO block, a center block of polyoxypropylene units (PO), and having blocks of polyoxyethylene grafted onto the polyoxypropylene unit or a center block of EO with attached PO blocks. Further, this surfactant can have further blocks of either polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene in the molecules. A suitable average molecular weight range of useful surfactants can be about 1,000 to about 40,000 and the weight percent content of ethylene oxide can be about 10-80 wt%. Some examples of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers include those having the following formulae: (EO) x (PO)y(EO) x (PO)y(EO) x (PO)y (PO) y (EO) x (PO) y (EO) x (PO) y wherein EO represents an ethylene oxide group, PO represents a propylene oxide group, and x and y reflect the average molecular proportion of each alkylene oxide monomer in the overall block copolymer composition. In some embodiments, x is in the range of about 10 to about 130, y is in the range of about 15 to about 70, and x plus y is in the range of about 25 to about 200. It should be understood that each x and y in a molecule can be different. In some embodiments, the total polyoxyethylene component of the block copolymer can be in the range of at least about 20 mol-% of the block copolymer and in some embodiments, in the range of at least about 30 mol-% of the block copolymer. In some embodiments, the material can have a molecular weight greater than about 400, and in some embodiments, greater than about 500. For example, in some embodiments, the material can have a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 7000 or more, or in the range of about 950 to about 4000 or more, or in the range of about 1000 to about 3100 or more, or in the range of about 2100 to about 6700 or more. Although the exemplary polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer structures provided above have 3-8 blocks, it should be appreciated that the nonionic block copolymer surfactants can include more or less than 3 or 8 blocks. In addition, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants can include additional repeating units such as butylene oxide repeating units. Furthermore, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants that can be used can be characterized heteric polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers. Some examples of suitable block copolymer surfactants include commercial products such as PLURONIC ® and TETRONIC ® surfactants, commercially available from BASF. For example, PLURONIC ® 25-R2 is one example of a useful block copolymer surfactant commercially available from BASF. Other nonionic surfactants include alcohol alkoxylates. An suitable alcohol alkoxylate include linear alcohol ethoxylates such as Tomadol ™ 1-5 which is a surfactant containing an alkyl group having 11 carbon atoms and 5 moles of ethylene oxide. Additional alcohol alkoxylates include alkylphenol ethoxylates, branched alcohol ethoxylates, secondary alcohol ethoxylates (e.g., Tergitol 15-S-7 from Dow Chemical), castor oil ethoxylates, alkylamine ethoxylates, tallow amine ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbital oleate ethoxylates, end-capped ethoxylates, or mixtures thereof. Additional nonionic surfactants include amides such as fatty alkanolamides, alkyldiethanolamides, coconut diethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, polyethylene glycol cocoamide (e.g., PEG-6 cocoamide), oleic diethanolamide, or mixtures thereof. Additional suitable nonionic surfactants include polyalkoxylated aliphatic base, polyalkoxylated amide, glycol esters, glycerol esters, amine oxides, phosphate esters, alcohol phosphate, fatty triglycerides, fatty triglyceride esters, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl esters, alkyl phenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, alkyl polysaccharides, block copolymers, alkyl polyglucosides, or mixtures thereof. When nonionic surfactants are included in the detergent composition concentrate, they can be included in an amount of at least about 0.1 wt.% and can be included in an amount of up to about 15 wt.%. The concentrate can include about 0.1 to 1.0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 12 wt.% or about 2 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of the nonionic surfactant. Amphoteric surfactants can also be used to provide desired detersive properties. Suitable amphoteric surfactants that can be used include, but are not limited to: betaines, imidazolines, and propionates. Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to: sultaines, amphopropionates, amphodipropionates, aminopropionates, aminodipropionates, amphoacetates, amphodiacetates, and amphohydroxypropylsulfonates. When the detergent composition includes an amphoteric surfactant, the amphoteric surfactant can be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 15 wt%. The concentrate can include about 0.1 wt% to about 1.0 wt%, 0.5 wt% to about 12 wt% or about 2 wt% to about 10 wt% of the amphoteric surfactant. The cleaning composition can contain a cationic surfactant component that includes a detersive amount of cationic surfactant or a mixture of cationic surfactants. Cationic co- surfactants that can be used in the cleaning composition include, but are not limited to: amines such as primary, secondary and tertiary monoamines with C 18 alkyl or alkenyl chains, ethoxylated alkylamines, alkoxylates of ethylenediamine, imidazoles such as a 1- (2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazoline, a 2-alkyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazoline, and the like; and quaternary ammonium salts, as for example, alkylquaternary ammonium chloride surfactants such as n-alkyl(C 12 -C 18 )dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, n-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride monohydrate, and a naphthylene- substituted quaternary ammonium chloride such as dimethyl-1-naphthylmethylammonium chloride. Builders--The cleaning compositions may comprise one or more detergent builders or builder systems. When a builder is used, the subject composition will typically comprise at least about 1%, from about 5% to about 60% or even from about 10% to about 40% builder by weight of the subject composition. The detergent may contain an inorganic or organic detergent builder which counteracts the effects of calcium, or other ion, water hardness. Examples include the alkali metal citrates, succinates, malonates, carboxymethyl succinates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates and polyacetyl carboxylate; or sodium, potassium and lithium salts of oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids, and citric acid; or citric acid and citrate salts. Organic phosphonate type sequestering agents such as DEQUEST® by Monsanto and alkanehydroxy phosphonates are useful. Other organic builders include higher molecular weight polymers and copolymers, e.g., polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and polyacrylic/polymaleic acid copolymers and their salts, such as SOKALAN® by BASF. Generally, the builder may be up to 30%, or from about 1% to about 20%, or from about 3% to about 10%. The compositions may also contain from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 2% to about 7%, or from about 3% to about 5% of a C 8-20 fatty acid as a builder. The fatty acid can also contain from about 1 to about 10 EO units. Suitable fatty acids are saturated and/or unsaturated and can be obtained from natural sources such a plant or animal esters (e.g., palm kernel oil, palm oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, safflower oil, tall oil, tallow and fish oils, grease, and mixtures thereof), or synthetically prepared (e.g., via the oxidation of petroleum or by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide via the Fisher Tropsch process). Useful fatty acids are saturated C 12 fatty acid, saturated C 12-14 fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated C 12-18 fatty acids, and a mixture thereof. Examples of suitable saturated fatty acids include captic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acid. Suitable unsaturated fatty acids include: palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and ricinoleic acid. Chelating Agents--The cleaning compositions herein may contain a chelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include copper, iron and/or manganese chelating agents and mixtures thereof. When a chelating agent is used, the subject composition may comprise from about 0.005% to about 15% or even from about 3.0% to about 10% chelating agent by weight of the subject composition. Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents--The cleaning compositions may also include one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents. Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof. When present in a subject composition, the dye transfer inhibiting agents may be present at levels from about 0.0001% to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5% or even from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition. Optical Brighteners--In some embodiments, an optical brightener component, may be present in the compositions. The optical brightener can include any brightener that is capable of eliminating graying and yellowing of fabrics. Typically, these substances attach to the fibers and bring about a brightening and simulated bleaching action by converting invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer-wave length light, the ultraviolet light absorbed from sunlight being irradiated as a pale bluish fluorescence and, together with the yellow shade of the grayed or yellowed laundry, producing pure white. Fluorescent compounds belonging to the optical brightener family are typically aromatic or aromatic heterocyclic materials often containing condensed ring systems. An important feature of these compounds is the presence of an uninterrupted chain of conjugated double bonds associated with an aromatic ring. The number of such conjugated double bonds is dependent on substituents as well as the planarity of the fluorescent part of the molecule. Most brightener compounds are derivatives of stilbene or 4,4’-diamino stilbene, biphenyl, five membered heterocycles (triazoles, oxazoles, imidazoles, etc.) or six membered heterocycles (cumarins, naphthalamides, triazines, etc.). Optical brighteners that may be included are known and commercially available. Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful can be classified into subgroups, which include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of stilbene, pyrazoline, coumarin, carboxylic acid, methinecyanines, dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, azoles, 5- and 6-membered-ring heterocycles and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of these types of brighteners are disclosed in “The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents”, M. Zahradnik, Published by John Wiley & Sons, New York (1982), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Stilbene derivatives which may be useful include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of bis(triazinyl)amino-stilbene; bisacylamino derivatives of stilbene; triazole derivatives of stilbene; oxadiazole derivatives of stilbene; oxazole derivatives of stilbene; and styryl derivatives of stilbene. In an embodiment, optical brighteners include stilbene derivatives. In some embodiments, the optical brightener includes Tinopal UNPA, which is commercially available through the Ciba Geigy Corporation located in Switzerland. Additional optical brighteners for use include, but are not limited to, the classes of substance of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'- distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3- diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazol, benzisoxazol and benzimidazol systems, and pyrene derivatives substituted by heterocycles, and the like. Suitable optical brightener levels include lower levels of from about 0.01, from about 0.05, from about 0.1 or even from about 0.2 wt % to upper levels of 0.5 or even 0.75 wt %. Alkalinity Source--In an embodiment the detergent compositions includes an alkalinity source. The source of alkalinity can be any source of alkalinity that is compatible with the other components of the detergent composition and that will provide a use solution with the desired pH. One or more alkaline sources can be used to enhance cleaning of a substrate and improve soil removal performance of the detergent composition. Examples of suitable alkalinity sources for the detergent compositions include, but are not limited to alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal salts, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary alkali metal hydroxides that can be used include, but are not limited to sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide. Exemplary alkali metal carbonates that can be used include, but are not limited to: sodium or potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, and/or mixtures thereof. Exemplary alkali metal salts include for example sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and mixtures thereof. In an embodiment, an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and/or alkali metal salt may be added to the composition in any form known in the art, including as solid beads, dissolved in an aqueous solution, or a combination thereof. In a preferred aspect, the alkalinity source is an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide. In an aspect, the detergent compositions include from about 20 wt-% - 80 wt-% alkalinity, from about 30 wt-% - 80 wt-% alkalinity, from about 40 wt-% - 70 wt-% alkalinity, preferably from about 40 wt-% - 60 wt-% alkalinity. Without being limited, all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range and include each integer within the defined range. Dispersants--The compositions can also contain dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials include the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms. Enzymes--The cleaning compositions can comprise one or more enzymes which provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits. Enzymes can be included herein for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and/or for fabric restoration. Examples of suitable enzymes include, but are not limited to, hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, b-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase, amylases, or combinations thereof and may be of any suitable origin. The choice of enzyme(s) takes into account factors such as pH-activity, stability optima, thermostability, stability versus active detergents, chelants, builders, etc. A detersive enzyme mixture useful herein is a protease, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with amylase. Sample detersive enzymes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,839. Enzymes are normally present at up to about 5 mg, more typically from about 0.01 mg to about 3 mg by weight of active enzyme per gram of the detergent. Stated another way, the detergent herein will typically contain from about 0.001% to about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 2%, or from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation. Protease enzymes are present at from about 0.005 to about 0.1 AU of activity per gram of detergent. Proteases useful herein include those like subtilisins from Bacillus [e.g. subtilis, lentus, licheniformis, amyloliquefaciens (BPN, BPN'), alcalophilus,] e.g. Esperase®, Alcalase®, Everlase® and Savinase® (Novozymes), BLAP and variants (Henkel). Further proteases are described in EP 130756, WO 91/06637, WO 95/10591 and WO 99/20726. Amylases are described in GB Pat. # 1296839, WO 94/02597 and WO 96/23873; and available as Purafect Ox Am® (Genencor), Termamyl®, Natalase®, Ban®, Fungamyl®, Duramyl® (all Novozymes), and RAPIDASE (International Bio-Synthetics, Inc). The cellulase herein includes bacterial and/or fungal cellulases with a pH optimum between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,435,307 to Barbesgoard, et al., issued Mar.6, 1984. Cellulases useful herein include bacterial or fungal cellulases, e.g. produced by Humicola insolens, particularly DSM 1800, e.g.50 kD and ~43 kD (Carezyyme®). Additional suitable cellulases are the EGIII cellulases from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. WO 02/099091 by Novozymes describes an enzyme exhibiting endo-beta-glucanase activity (EC 3.2.1.4) endogenous to Bacillus sp., DSM 12648; for use in detergent and textile applications; and an anti-redeposition endo- glucanase in WO 04/053039. Kao's EP 265832 describes alkaline cellulase K, CMCase I and CMCase II isolated from a culture product of Bacillus sp KSM-635. Kao further describes in EP 1350843 (KSM S237; 1139; KSM 64; KSM N131), EP 265832A (KSM 635, FERM BP 1485) and EP 0271044 A (KSM 534, FERM BP 1508; KSM 539, FERM BP 1509; KSM 577, FERM BP 1510; KSM 521, FERM BP 1507; KSM 580, FERM BP 1511; KSM 588, FERM BP 1513; KSM 597, FERM BP 1514; KSM 522, FERM BP 1512; KSM 3445, FERM BP 1506; KSM 425. FERM BP 1505) readily-mass producible and high activity alkaline cellulases/endo-glucanases for an alkaline environment. Such endo- glucanase may contain a polypeptide (or variant thereof) endogenous to one of the above Bacillus species. Other suitable cellulases are Family 44 Glycosyl Hydrolase enzymes exhibiting endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity from Paenibacilus polyxyma (wild-type) such as XYG1006 described in WO 01/062903 or variants thereof. Carbohydrases useful herein include e.g. mannanase (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.6,060,299), pectate lyase (see, e.g., WO99/27083), cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (see, e.g., WO96/33267), and/or xyloglucanase (see, e.g., WO99/02663). Bleaching enzymes useful herein with enhancers include e.g. peroxidases, laccases, oxygenases, lipoxygenase (see, e.g., WO 95/26393), and/or (non-heme) haloperoxidases. Suitable endoglucanases include: 1) An enzyme exhibiting endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity (E.C.3.2.1.4), with a sequence at least 90%, or at least 94%, or at least 97% or at least 99%, or 100% identity to the amino acid sequence of positions 1-773 of SEQ ID NO:2 in WO 02/099091; or a fragment thereof that has endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity. GAP in the GCG program determines identity using a GAP creation penalty of 3.0 and GAP extension penalty of 0.1. See WO 02/099091 by Novozymes A/S on Dec.12, 2002, e.g., Celluclean TM by Novozymes A/S. GCG refers to sequence analysis software package (Accelrys, San Diego, Calif., USA). GCG includes a program called GAP which uses the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm to find the alignment of two complete sequences that maximizes the number of matches and minimizes the number of gaps; and 2) Alkaline endoglucanase enzymes described in EP 1350843A published by Kao on Oct.8, 2003 ([0011]-[0039] and examples 1-4). Suitable lipases include those produced by Pseudomonas and Chromobacter, and LIPOLASE®, LIPOLASE ULTRA®, LIPOPRIME® and LIPEX® from Novozymes. See also Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open on Feb.24, 1978, available from Areario Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano". Other commercial lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Diosynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli. Also suitable are cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] and esterases. Enzymes useful for liquid detergent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,261,868 to Hora, et al., issued Apr.14, 1981. In an embodiment, the liquid composition herein is substantially free of (i.e. contains no measurable amount of) wild-type protease enzymes. A typical combination is an enzyme cocktail that may comprise, for example, a protease and lipase in conjunction with amylase. When present in a cleaning composition, the aforementioned additional enzymes may be present at levels from about 0.00001% to about 2%, from about 0.0001% to about 1% or even from about 0.001% to about 0.5% enzyme protein by weight of the composition. Enzyme Stabilizers--Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilized by various techniques. The enzymes employed herein can be stabilized by the presence of water- soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the finished compositions that provide such ions to the enzymes. In case of aqueous compositions comprising protease, a reversible protease inhibitor, such as a boron compound, can be added to further improve stability. A useful enzyme stabilizer system is a calcium and/or magnesium compound, boron compounds and substituted boric acids, aromatic borate esters, peptides and peptide derivatives, polyols, low molecular weight carboxylates, relatively hydrophobic organic compounds [e.g. certain esters, diakyl glycol ethers, alcohols or alcohol alkoxylates], alkyl ether carboxylate in addition to a calcium ion source, benzamidine hypochlorite, lower aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl) serine salts; (meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer and PEG; lignin compound, polyamide oligomer, glycolic acid or its salts; poly hexa methylene bi guanide or N,N-bis-3-amino-propyl- dodecyl amine or salt; and mixtures thereof. The detergent may contain a reversible protease inhibitor e.g., peptide or protein type, or a modified subtilisin inhibitor of family VI and the plasminostrepin; leupeptin, peptide trifluoromethyl ketone, or a peptide aldehyde. Enzyme stabilizers are present from about 1 to about 30, or from about 2 to about 20, or from about 5 to about 15, or from about 8 to about 12, millimoles of stabilizer ions per liter. Catalytic Metal Complexes--Applicants' cleaning compositions may include catalytic metal complexes. One type of metal-containing bleach catalyst is a catalyst system comprising a transition metal cation of defined bleach catalytic activity, such as copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium, tungsten, molybdenum, or manganese cations, an auxiliary metal cation having little or no bleach catalytic activity, such as zinc or aluminum cations, and a sequestrate having defined stability constants for the catalytic and auxiliary metal cations, particularly ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) and water-soluble salts thereof. Such catalysts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,430,243. If desired, the compositions herein can be catalyzed by means of a manganese compound. Such compounds and levels of use are well known in the art and include, for example, the manganese-based catalysts disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,576,282. Cobalt bleach catalysts useful herein are known, and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,936; U.S. Pat. No.5,595,967. Such cobalt catalysts are readily prepared by known procedures, such as taught for example in U.S. Pat. No.5,597,936, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,967. Compositions herein may also suitably include a transition metal complex of ligands such as bispidones (WO 05/042532 A1) and/or macropolycyclic rigid ligands-- abbreviated as "MRLs". As a practical matter, and not by way of limitation, the compositions and processes herein can be adjusted to provide on the order of at least one part per hundred million of the active MRL species in the aqueous washing medium, and will typically provide from about 0.005 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 0.05 ppm to about 10 ppm, or even from about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, of the MRL in the wash liquor. Suitable transition-metals in the instant transition-metal bleach catalyst include, for example, manganese, iron and chromium. Suitable MRLs include 5,12-diethyl-1,5,8,12- tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane. Suitable transition metal MRLs are readily prepared by known procedures, such as taught for example in WO 00/32601, and U.S. Pat. No.6,225,464. Solvents--Suitable solvents include water and other solvents such as lipophilic fluids. Examples of suitable lipophilic fluids include siloxanes, other silicones, hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, glycerine derivatives such as glycerine ethers, perfluorinated amines, perfluorinated and hydrofluoroether solvents, low-volatility nonfluorinated organic solvents, diol solvents, other environmentally-friendly solvents and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent includes water. The water can include water from any source including deionized water, tap water, softened water, and combinations thereof. Solvents are typically present at from about 0.1% to about 50%, or from about 0.5% to about 35%, or from about 1% to about 15% by weight. FORM OF THE COMPOSITIONS The detergent compositions may be of any suitable form, including paste, liquid, solid (such as tablets, powder/granules), foam or gel, with powders and tablets being preferred. The composition may be in the form of a unit dose product, i.e. a form which is designed to be used as a single portion of detergent composition in a washing operation. Of course, one or more of such single portions may be used in a cleaning operation. Solid forms include, for example, in the form of a tablet, rod, ball or lozenge. The composition may be a particulate form, loose or pressed to shape or may be formed by injection moulding or by casting or by extrusion. The composition may be encased in a water soluble wrapping, for, example of PVOH or a cellulosic material. The solid product may be provided as a portioned product as desired. The composition may also be in paste, gel or liquid form, including unit dose (portioned products) products. Examples include a paste, gel or liquid product at least partially surrounded by, and preferably substantially enclosed in a water-soluble coating, such as a polyvinyl alcohol package. This package may for instance take the form of a capsule, a pouch or a moulded casing (such as an injection moulded casing) etc. Preferably the composition is substantially surrounded by such a package, most preferably totally surrounded by such a package. Any such package may contain one or more product formats as referred to herein and the package may contain one or more compartments as desired, for example two, three or four compartments. If the composition is a foam, a liquid or a gel it is preferably an aqueous composition although any suitable solvent may be used. According to an embodiment the composition is in the form of a tablet, most especially a tablet made from compressed particulate material. If the compositions are in the form of a viscous liquid or gel they preferably have a viscosity of at least 50 mPas when measured with a Brookfield RV Viscometer at 25°C. with Spindle 1 at 30 rpm. The compositions will typically be used by placing them in a detergent dispenser e.g. in a dishwasher machine draw or free standing dispensing device in an automatic dishwashing machine, laundry machine etc. However, if the composition is in the form of a foam, liquid or gel then it may be applied to by any additional suitable means into the dishwashing machine, for example by a trigger spray, squeeze bottle or an aerosol. PROCESSES OF MAKING CLEANING COMPOSITIONS The compositions may be made by any suitable method depending upon their format. Suitable manufacturing methods for detergent compositions are well known in the art, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,879,584; 5,691,297; 5,574,005; 5,569,645; 5,565,422; 5,516,448; 5,489,392; and 5,486,303. Various techniques for forming detergent compositions in solid forms are also well known in the art, for example, detergent tablets may be made by compacting granular/particular material and may be used herein. In one aspect, the liquid detergent compositions disclosed herein may be prepared by combining the components thereof in any convenient order and by mixing, e.g., agitating, the resulting component combination to form a phase stable liquid detergent composition. In one aspect, a liquid matrix is formed containing at least a major proportion, or even substantially all, of the liquid components, with the liquid components being thoroughly admixed by imparting shear agitation to this liquid combination. For example, rapid stirring with a mechanical stirrer may usefully be employed. While shear agitation is maintained, substantially all of any anionic surfactant and the solid ingredients can be added. Agitation of the mixture is continued, and if necessary, can be increased at this point to form a solution or a uniform dispersion of insoluble solid phase particulates within the liquid phase. After some or all of the solid-form materials have been added to this agitated mixture, particles of any enzyme material to be included, e.g., enzyme prills are incorporated. As a variation of the composition preparation procedure described above, one or more of the solid components may be added to the agitated mixture as a solution or slurry of particles premixed with a minor portion of one or more of the liquid components. After addition of all of the composition components, agitation of the mixture is continued for a period of time sufficient to form compositions having the requisite viscosity and phase stability characteristics. Frequently this will involve agitation for a period of from about 30 to 60 minutes. Solid formulations may be made advantageously by pressing the solid composition. Specifically, in a forming process, the liquid and solid components are introduced into the final mixing system and are continuously mixed until the components form a substantially homogeneous semi-solid mixture in which the components are distributed throughout its mass. In an exemplary embodiment, the components are mixed in the mixing system for at least approximately 5 seconds. The mixture is then discharged from the mixing system into, or through, a die, press or other shaping means. The product is then packaged. In an exemplary embodiment, the solid formed composition begins to harden between approximately 1 minute and approximately 3 hours. Particularly, the formed composition begins to harden in between approximately 1 minute and approximately 2 hours. More particularly, the formed composition begins to harden in between approximately 1 minute and approximately 20 minutes.
In yet another embodiment, a single- or twin-screw extruder may be used to combine and mix one or more components agents at high shear to form a homogeneous mixture. In some embodiments, the processing temperature is at or below the melting temperature of the components. The processed mixture may be dispensed from the mixer by pressing, forming, extruding or other suitable means, whereupon the composition hardens to a solid form. The structure of the matrix may be characterized according to its hardness, melting point, material distribution, crystal structure, and other like properties according to known methods in the art. Generally, a solid composition processed is substantially homogeneous with regard to the distribution of ingredients throughout its mass and is dimensionally stable. The present disclosure is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrations only, since numerous modifications and variations within the scope of the present embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis, and all reagents used in the examples were obtained, or are available, from the chemical suppliers described below, or may be synthesized by conventional techniques. All references cited herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.
EXAMPLES Example 1: Optimized Guerbet C10 extended surfactants Tables 1 and 2 summarize the structures of the series of optimized Guerbet C10 extended surfactants, their cloud points, and the range of temperatures they can form low viscoelasticity, very flowable, single phase bi-continuous microemulsions with soybean oil. Table 2. Cloud point of Extended Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates with 8 moles PO Table 3. Microemulsion of Extended Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates with 8 moles PO Example 2: Tergometer Tests Test procedure: a red or white napkin towel was deposited with 10 µl oil drop (olive oil, Crisco oil, and corn oil) on its surface (Figure 1). Multiple oil drops could be put on each napkin. The samples were soaked with 1 L Di-water with various surfactant concentrations and washed at setting temperatures for 20 minutes in a tergotomer. Then the samples were rinsed with tap water at room temperature unless other conditions are indicated. A visual inspection was performed after the samples were ironed dried. New napkin sample: new opened napkin sample without previous test. Old napkin sample: clean napkin sample, might be tested before. Previously tested sample: tested samples with clearly visible oil residue. Table 4. Tergometer Test 1 Test Conditions: 120°F 20 minutes speed 96-100 Table 5. Tergometer Test 2 Test Conditions: 140°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100 Table 6. Tergometer Test 3 Test Conditions: 170°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100 Table 7. Tergometer Test 4
Test Conditions: 155°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100
Reverse residue area: oil part has lighter color with less water spreadability compared with non-oil surface.
Table 8. Tergometer Test 5
Test Conditions: 170°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100
ACUMER 1000 is a low molecular weight polyacrylate with a selected molecular weight around 2000
The extended surfactant C10(PO) 8 (EO) n (n=3,6,8,10) has a higher removal efficiency than the mixture of narrow range L24-7 and L24-3 (. Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate, 7 Mol Ethoxylated C 12 - 14 Linear Alcohol)) under the same conditions. Tests 3 and 5 showed that under exactly the same conditions, the oil residue was more difficult to be removed from the new napkin surface. The new napkin sample felt more rigid than the used one. Table 9. Tergometer Test 6 Test Conditions: 170°F 20 minutes speed 96-100 Table 10. Tergometer Test 7 Test Conditions: 170°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100
Table 11. Tergometer Test 8 Test Conditions: 170°F 20 minutes speed 96-100 Table 12. Tergometer Test 9 Test Conditions: 140°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100. In test 9, most oil residues were invisible or very light. However, for some samples re-rinsed with ice-cold water, the normal oil residue spots re-appeared.
Table 13. Tergometer Test 10 Test Conditions: 80°F 20 minutes speed 96-100 Table 14. Tergometer Test 11 Test Conditions: 80°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100 Table 15. Tergometer Test 12 Test Conditions: 80°F 20 minutes speed 96-100 Tergitol 15-S-7 is a secondary alcohol ethoxylate Table 16. Tergometer Test 13 Test Conditions: 87F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100
Table 17. Tergometer Test 14 Table 18. Tergometer Test 15 Test Conditions: 120°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100. Table 19. Tergometer Test 16 Test Conditions: ice-cold water, 20 minutes, speed 96-100 Table 20. Tergometer Test 17 Test Conditions: 170°F 20 minutes speed 96-100 Table 21. Tergometer Test 18 Test Conditions: 110°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100
Table 22. Tergometer Test 19 Test Condition: 120°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100. Table 23. Tergometer Test 20 Test Conditions: 120°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100 Table 24. Tergometer Test 21 Test Conditions: 120°F 20 minutes speed 96-100. Tests 20 (Figure 3) and 21 (Figure 4) show that under exactly the same conditions, the oil residue was more difficult to be removed from the new napkin surface. Also, extended surfactant C10PO8EO3 mixed with pluronic N3 or 25R4 (one component within N3) had a better result than C10PO8EO3 alone. Table 25. Tergometer Test 22 Test Conditions: 120°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100 Table 26. Tergometer Test 23 Test Conditions: 120°F 20 minutes speed 96-100 Table 27. Tergometer Test 24 Test Conditions: 120°F, 20 minutes, speed 96-100 Tests 23 and 24 showed that the cleaning results were related with total napkin loading, not just oil amount. The extended surfactant was extensively adsorbed on the napkin surface. Example 3: Design of Experiment (DoE) of a cosurfactant (Pluronic N3) and/or alkali with C10PO8EO6 A 16 run, full factorial, 2 factor interaction DoE was performed (Figure 8) with the 5 factors shown in Table 28 to simultaneously optimize both cleaning success and cost: Table 28. Factors Methodology • Cut 4"x4" Red Napkin Spun polyester sample • 1 drop with 100 microliters Olive Oil • Heat at 50°C in oven for 10 min • Wash in Tergotometer, no rinse • Assign Visual Score (1=dirty, 2=light but still dirty, 3=clean) • Calculate cost based on dosing of factors C, D and E in the design Results showed a significant model with a R^2=0.89 and an adjusted R^2 =0.82. The adjusted R-squared is a modified version of R-squared that has been adjusted for the number of predictors in the model. The adjusted R-squared increases only if the new term improves the model more than would be expected by chance. It decreases when a predictor improves the model by less than expected by chance. Both factor C (alkali) and factor E (Pluronic N3) are shown as significant additives to supplement factor D at relatively low starting concentrations and much lower operation temperatures to optimize cleaning performance and cost. Previous DoE work has shown a need for standalone surfactant concentrations needing to be between 3-5g/L. The ratio of extended surfactant to polymer can be from about 1:1 to about 5:1. The ratio of extended surfactant to alkalinity can be from about 2:1 to about 1:6. Example 4 Tables 29 and 30 show field testing for the standalone effect of PO8EO3 and PO8EO6 on food oil on polyester challenges without alkali at various temperatures and rinse-ability observations. Table 29. Wash Processes 1-3
Table 30. Wash Processes 4-6 Table 30 demonstrates that the extended surfactant alone, with appropriate dosage, could work in a wide range of temperature (120 to 170°F) to gain a near perfect result in field test (< 3% reject rate). The extended surfactant combined with block-co polymers or alkalinity will greatly improve the removal efficiency (less wash time and surfactant usage). Overall use of caustic can be reduced with the use of these optimized extended nonionic surfactants. Example 5 Enhanced soil release of tough to remove cosmetic soils: Cosmetic soil removal from different textile substrates is a known challenge. In the following example we compared the removal of a representative lipstick soil from cotton and polyester textile substrate for two different cleaning systems: a) System A – Ecolab’s most advanced in-line detergent system – Low Temperature Aquanomic detergent and b) System B - C10PO8EO6. For testing multiple loads of 28 lbs were loaded into a 35 lb Unimac Washer. Each load consisted of 6 representative swatches stained with lipstick. Both detergent system were added to an amount to result in a 200 ppm concentration in the suds phase. Figure 12 shows the removal of lipstick as a function of the two detergent conditions and two substrates at the end of the wash phase. Significant improvement is seen for the lipstick swatches across both substrates for System B compared to System A. Example 6 Cleaning was tested using a solvent (Dowanol PPH Glycol Ether) combined with C10PO8EO6. Results are shown in Figure 13. The solvent blended formula to Extended C10PO8EO6:Dowanol PPH to 3:1 demonstrated the best cleaning results.