METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TARGETED THERAPEUTICS

Title:

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TARGETED THERAPEUTICS

Document Type and Number:

WIPO Patent Application WO/2017/019817

Kind Code:

Abstract:

This disclosure describes compositions and methods for delivering and localizing repair cells to therapeutic targets.

Inventors:

RAI ROOPA (US)
PHAM SON MINH (US)
HART BARRY PATRICK (US)

Application Number:

PCT/US2016/044353

Publication Date:

February 02, 2017

Filing Date:

July 28, 2016

Export Citation:

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Assignee:

MEDIVATION TECHNOLOGIES INC (US)

International Classes:

A61K47/00; A61P19/02

Domestic Patent References:

WO2015116707A1	2015-08-06
WO2006099605A2	2006-09-21

Foreign References:

EP1433472A1	2004-06-30
EP1433471A1	2004-06-30
EP1433474A1	2004-06-30

Other References:

WILSON BETH ET AL: "Synthesis and DNA interactions of a bis-phenothiazinium photosensitizer.", ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY 7 NOV 2008, vol. 6, no. 21, 7 November 2008 (2008-11-07), pages 4026 - 4035, XP002763250, ISSN: 1477-0539
R. JAMES CHRISTIE ET AL: "Optical Properties and Application of a Reactive and Bioreducible Thiol-Containing Tetramethylrhodamine Dimer", BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY, vol. 20, no. 3, 18 March 2009 (2009-03-18), pages 476 - 480, XP055184658, ISSN: 1043-1802, DOI: 10.1021/bc800367e

Attorney, Agent or Firm:

HEMMENDINGER, Lisa M. (US)

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Claims:

CLAIMS

1. A compound of structural formula (I):

(I)

wherein:

each X and Y independently is a positively charged moiety selected from (a) a 5-10

membered heteroaromatic ring and (b) a multiple-fused ring system comprising at least one 6-10 membered aromatic or 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring;

each Rx and Ry independently is selected from the group consisting of R, -NH₂, -NHR, - NR₂, -N(R)₃⁺, -NHCOR, -N0₂, -OH, -OR, halo, C1-C6 perhaloalkyl, -CN, -SH, - SR, -S0₂H, -S0₃H, -C0₂H, -C0₂R, -CHO, and -COR, wherein R is (i) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, (ii) C3-C8 cycloalkyl, (iii) C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, (iv) C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, (v) C6-C10 aryl, or (vi) C5-C10 heteroaryl;

mi and i₂ independently are 0 or an integer from 1-6;

Vi and V₂ independently are absent or are selected from -C(Rz)₂-, -C(=0)-,

C(=0)0-, -C(=0)NRz-, -NRz-, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂-, -S(=0)₂0-, and - S(=0)₂NRz-, wherein each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and

L is a linker selected from the group consisting of: in which n is 0-6; tii is 1-4; for each independent instance of R_a and Rb, (I) R_a and Rb independently are H or CH₃, or (2)

R_a and R_b are , or (3) two of CR_aRb are

C³) , in which k is 2-10, and for each independent instance of R_a and

Rb, R_a and Rb (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_a and Rb are '^¾ ^ 0

¾ or (3) two of CR_aRb are

1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ai and Rbi, R_ai and Rbi (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_ai and Rbi are '^¾ ^ ^* or '^¾ ^ , or (3) two of CRaiRbi are " *· ; for each independent instance of R_a2 and ¾2, ¾2 and Rb₂ (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_a2 and Rb₂ are

\ - or ¼ ^ , or (3) two of CR_a2R_b2 are _;

(d) ^w , in which lj, I2, Oj, and 02 independently are 0-4; w is 1-2; n is 1-4; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of Rai and Rbi, (I) R_ai and Rbi independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ai and

Rbi are ; for each independent instance of R_a2 and Rb₂, (I) R_a2 and Rb2 independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_a2 and Rb2 are or (3) two of CR_a2Rb2 are ; for each independent instance of R_ci and Rdi, (I) R_ci and Rdi independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and R_di are '^¾ or '^¾ or (3) two of CRciRdi are ; for each independent instance of R_c2 and

R (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 are

o_{r f or} (3) _two of CR_c2R_d2 are _;

(e) (^e) , in which n, θ , and 0₂ independently are 1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ci and R_di, (I) R_ci and R_di independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and R_di

independently are

each independent instance of R_c2 and Rd₂, (I) R_c2 and Rd₂ independently are ' ^ or ^ ^ , or (3)

(f) '^τ' , in which n, 0₁, and 0₂ independently are 1-8; t is 1-3; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; T is a moiety selected from - C(=0)NH-, -NH(C=0)-, -C(=0)-, -S-, -0-, -NH-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂NH-, and -NHS(=0)₂-; Ui is a moiety selected from -C(R_ciRdi)-, -N-, -0-, or S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_ci and R_di, (I) R_ci and R_di independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and R_di independently are '^¾ or '^¾ , or (3) two of

CR_ciR_di are ^¾ ; U₂ is a moiety selected from -C(R_c2R_d2)-, -N-, -0-, or -S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_c2 and R_d2, (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are '^¾ ^ or '^¾ or (3) two of

CR_c2R_d2 are

PROVIDED THAT at least one of X or Y is not:

wherein:

Ri, R₂, and R3 independently are absent or independently are selected from

NH₂, -NHZ, -NZ₂, -OH, -0 , -NHCOCH₃, -NHCOZ, -OCH₃, -OR, C₂H₅, -Z,-C₆H₅, -NO₂, -NZ₃⁺, F, Br, CI, I, -CF₃, -CI₃, -CBr₃, -CI₃, SO₃H, -COOH, -COOZ, -CHO, and -COZ;

Z is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and / indicates the attachment site to the linker L.

2. The compound of claim 1, which falls within formula (la):

(la)

3. The compound of claim 1, which falls within formula (lb):

(l b)

4. The compound of claim 1, which falls within formula (Ic):

(Id)

6. The compound of claim 1, which falls within formula (Ie):

(le)

7. The compound of claim 1, which falls within formula (If):

(If)

8. The compound of any of claims 1-7, wherein at least one of X and Y is a 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring.

9. The compound of any of claims 1-7, wherein at least one of X and Y is a multiple- fused ring system which comprises at least one 6-10 membered aromatic or 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring.

10. The compound of claim 9, wherein at least one of X and Y is a fused bicyclic ring system.

11. The compound of claim 9, wherein at least one of X and Y is a fused tricyclic ring system.

12. The compound of claim 12, wherein at least one of X and Y is:

wherein:

each Ai, A₂, A3, A₄, Ci, C₂, C3, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx); and

each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx), N, N(Rx)⁺, and S⁺,

provided that at least one of Bi and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A3, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C₃, C₄, and R_x comprises a positive charge.

13. The compound of claim 12 wherein at least one of X and Y is:

wherein:

each Ai, A₂, A3, A₄, Ci, C₂, C₃, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx); and

each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx)₂, N(Rx), O, and S,

provided that at least one of Bi and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A3, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C₃, C₄, and Rx comprises a positive charge.

14. A composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-13 and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.

15. A conjugate comprising a repair cell and at least one compound of any of claims 1-

13.

16. The conjugate of claim 15 wherein the repair cell is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) or a chondrocyte.

17. A composition comprising a plurality of conjugates of claim 15 or claim 16.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the plurality of conjugates are in an aqueous suspension.

19. The composition of claim 17, wherein the plurality of conjugates are in a sheet.

20. A method of repairing an injured target tissue, comprising depositing in the injured target tissue:

(a) a compound of any of claims 1-13;

(b) a composition of claim 14;

(d) a composition of any of claims 17-19.

21. The method of any of claims 23-28, wherein the target tissue is selected from the group consisting of pancreas, kidney, intestine, heart, cartilage, thymus, liver, brain, bladder, and blood.

22. A method of preparing a population of repair cells for use in repairing an injured target tissue, comprising contacting the population of repair cells with a compound of any of claims 1-13.

Description:

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TARGETED THERAPEUTICS

TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The disclosed inventions are in the field of targeted therapeutics.

[02] Each reference cited in this disclosure is incorporated herein in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[03] FIG. 1. Graph demonstrating qualitative analysis of targeting of Raji cells stained with Compound 20 on different tissues.

[04] FIG. 2. Photomicrographs demonstrating targeting of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs) incubated with Compound 20 to different organs from Balb/c mice.

[05] FIG. 3A. Photomicrographs demonstrating that Compound 4 promotes adherence of Raji cells to meniscus explants.

[06] FIG. 3B. Photomicrographs demonstrating that Compound 4 and Compound 20 (FIG. 3B) promote cell adherence of Raji cells to meniscus explants.

[07] FIG. 4. Photomicrographs demonstrating the presence of Compound 4 in the knees of rats up to 24 hours after intra-articular injection.

[08] FIGS. 5A-B. Photomicrographs demonstrating that Compound 4 stains the small intestine (FIG. 5A) but not Peyer's patches (FIG. 5B) after oral administration.

[09] FIGS. 6A-6B. Photomicrographs demonstrating the location of safranin-0 and

Compound 4 staining in in various tissues 24 hours after oral administration. FIG. 6A, thymus, liver, heart, lung. FIG. 6B, spleen, small intestine.

[10] FIGS. 7A-7B. Photomicrographs demonstrating the location of Compound 4 staining in in various tissues 24 hours after intravenous administration. FIG. 7A, spleen, heart, kidney, brain. FIG. 7B, liver, lung, bladder, blood.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[11] This disclosure describes compositions and methods for delivering and localizing repair cells to therapeutic targets. Definitions

[12] "Aryl" refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g. , phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g. , naphthyl or anthryl) which condensed rings may or may not be aromatic. In one variation, the aryl group contains from 6 to 14 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 6- 14, 6-13, 6-12, 6- 11, 6- 10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7- 14, 7-13, 7- 12, 7-11, 7- 10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 14, 8- 13, 8-12, 8- 11, 8-10, 8-9, 9- 14, 9-13, 9- 12, 9-11, 9-10, 10- 14, 10-13, 10- 12, 10- 11, 11-14, 11- 13, 11-12, 12- 14, 12-13, 13- 14, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14). An aryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic may be connected to the parent structure at either an aromatic ring position or at a non-aromatic ring position. In one variation, an aryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic is connected to the parent structure at an aromatic ring position.

[13] "Heteroaryl" refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group having from 2 to 10 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3- 4, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6- 10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7- 10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-10, 8-9, 9- 10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) and at least one annular heteroatom, including but not limited to heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. A heteroaryl group may have a single ring (e.g. , pyridyl, furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g. , indolizinyl, benzothienyl) which condensed rings may or may not be aromatic. A heteroaryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic may be connected to the parent structure at either an aromatic ring position or at a non-aromatic ring position. In one variation, a heteroaryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic is connected to the parent structure at an aromatic ring position.

[14] "Cycloalkyl" is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon structure and can consist of one ring, such as cyclohexyl, or multiple rings, such as adamantyl. A cycloalkyl comprising more than one ring may be fused, spiro or bridged, or combinations thereof. A cycloalkyl can be a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon having from 3 to 13 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 3- 13, 3-12, 3- 11, 3- 10, 3-9, 3-8, 3- 7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4- 13, 4- 12, 4- 11, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-13, 5- 12, 5- 11, 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5- 7, 5-6, 6- 13, 6-12, 6- 11, 6- 10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-13, 7-12, 7- 11, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 13, 8-12, 8- 11, 8-

10, 8-9, 9- 13, 9-12, 9- 11, 9- 10, 10-13, 10- 12, 10-1 1, 11-13, 11- 12, 12-13, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,

11, 12, or 13 annular carbon atoms). Examples of cycloalkyl groups include adamantyl, decahydronaphthalenyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

[15] "Heterocyclyl" refers to a saturated or an unsaturated non-aromatic group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, and having from 1 to 10 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2- 10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-

5, 3-4, 4- 10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 10, 8-9, 9- 10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) and from 1 to 4 annular hetero atoms (e.g. , 1-4, 1-3, 1- 2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, o4 5), such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. A heterocycle comprising more than one ring may be fused, spiro or bridged, or any combination thereof. In fused ring systems, one or more of the rings can be aryl or heteroaryl. A heterocycle having more than one ring where at least one ring is aromatic may be connected to the parent structure at either a non- aromatic ring position or at an aromatic ring position. In one variation, a heterocycle having more than one ring where at least one ring is aromatic is connected to the parent structure at a non-aromatic ring position.

[16] "5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring" includes heteroaryls having 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-

6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7- 10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 10, 8-9, 9-10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 annular carbon atoms

[17] "C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl" means each of C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C 1-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C 1-C3 linear or branched alkyl, C 1-C2 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C3 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C4-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C4-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C5-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C6 linear or branched alkyl, C5 linear or branched alkyl, C4 linear or branched alkyl, C3 linear or branched alkyl, ethyl, and methyl.

[18] "C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl" means each of C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C2- C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C2-C4 linear or branched alkenyl, C2-C3 linear or branched alkenyl, C3-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C3-C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C3-C4 linear or branched alkenyl, C4-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C4-C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C5-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C4 linear or branched alkenyl, C3 linear or branched alkenyl, and ethenyl.

[19] "C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl" means each of C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C2- C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C2-C4 linear or branched alkynyl, C2-C3 linear or branched alkynyl, C3-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C3-C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C3-C4 linear or branched alkynyl, C4-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C4-C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C5-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C4 linear or branched alkynyl, C3 linear or branched alkynyl, and ethynyl. [20] "R _a and ¾ (or R _ai and R _bi; or R _a2 and R _b2; or R _ci and Rx; or R _c2 and Ry) are '^- οτ 0

' ^¾ means "R _a and Rb (or R _ai and Rbi; or R _a2 and Rb ₂; or R _ci and Rx; or R _c2 and Ry), together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, are ' ^¾ ^ ^* or ' ^¾ r ." "R _a and R _b (or

R _ai and Rbi; or R _a2 and Rb ₂; or R _ci and Rx; or R _c2 and Ry) are ' ^¾ means "R _a and Rb (or R _ai and R _bi; or R _a2 and R _b2; or R _ci and Rx; or R _c2 and Ry) , together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, are ' ^¾ ." "R _a and R _b (or R _ai and R _bi; or R _a2 and R _b2; or R _ci and Rx; or R _c2

and Ry) are ' means "R _a and R _b (or R _ai and R _bi; or R _a2 and R _b2; or R _ci and Rx; or R _c2 and

Ry), together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, are

[21] A "positively charged moiety" as used herein does not encompass a cationic dye with a localized charge.

[22] "Formulae (la. l)-(Ia.63)" means each of formulae (la.1), (Ia.2), (Ia.3), (Ia.4), (Ia.5), (Ia.6), (Ia.7), (Ia.8), (Ia.9), (la.10), (la.11), (la.12), (la.13), (la.14), (la.15), (la.16), (la.17), (Ia.18), (Ia.19), (Ia.20), (Ia.21), (Ia.22), (Ia.23), (Ia.24), (Ia.25), (Ia.26), (Ia.27), (Ia.28), (Ia.29), (Ia.30), (Ia.31), (Ia.32), (Ia.33), (Ia.34), (Ia.35), (Ia.36), (Ia.37), (Ia.38), (Ia.39), (Ia.40), (Ia.41), (Ia.42), (Ia.43), (Ia.44), (Ia.45), (Ia.46), (Ia.47), (Ia.48), (Ia.49), (Ia.50), (Ia.51), (Ia.52), (Ia.53), (Ia.54), (Ia.55), (Ia.56), (Ia.57), (Ia.58), (Ia.59), (Ia.60), (Ia.61), (Ia.62), and (Ia.63).

[23] "Formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63)" means each of formulae (la), (Ia.l), (Ia.2), (Ia.3), (Ia.4), (Ia.5), (Ia.6), (Ia.7), (Ia.8), (Ia.9), (la.10), (la.11), (la.12), (la.13), (la.14), (la.15), (la.16), (la.17), (Ia.18), (Ia.19), (Ia.20), (Ia.21), (Ia.22), (Ia.23), (Ia.24), (Ia.25), (Ia.26), (Ia.27), (Ia.28), (Ia.29), (Ia.30), (Ia.31), (Ia.32), (Ia.33), (Ia.34), (Ia.35), (Ia.36), (Ia.37), (Ia.38), (Ia.39), (Ia.40), (Ia.41), (Ia.42), (Ia.43), (Ia.44), (Ia.45), (Ia.46), (Ia.47), (Ia.48), (Ia.49), (Ia.50), (Ia.51), (Ia.52), (Ia.53), (Ia.54), (Ia.55), (Ia.56), (Ia.57), (Ia.58), (Ia.59), (Ia.60), (Ia.61), (Ia.62), and (Ia.63).

[24] "Formulae (Ib.l)-(Ib.63)" means each of formulae (Ib.l), (Ib.2), (Ib.3), (Ib.4), (Ib.5), (Ib.6), (Ib.7), (Ib.8), (Ib.9), (Ib. lO), (Ib.l l), (Ib.12), (Ib.13), (Ib.14), (Ib.15), (Ib.16), (Ib.17), (Ib.18), (Ib.19), (Ib.20), (Ib.21), (Ib.22), (Ib.23), (Ib.24), (Ib.25), (Ib.26), (Ib.27), (Ib.28), (Ib.29), (Ib.30), (Ib.31), (Ib.32), (Ib.33), (Ib.34), (Ib.35), (Ib.36), (Ib.37), (Ib.38), (Ib.39), (Ib.40), (Ib.41), Ib.42), (Ib.43), (Ib.44), (Ib.45), (Ib.46), (Ib.47), (Ib.48), (Ib.49), (Ib.50), (Ib.51), (Ib.52), (Ib.53), Ib.54), (Ib.55), (Ib.56), (Ib.57), (Ib.58), (Ib.59), (Ib.60), (Ib.61), (Ib.62), and (Ib.63).

25] "Formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63)" means each of formulae (lb), (Ib.l), (Ib.2), (Ib.3), (Ib.4), (Ib.5), Ib.6), (Ib.7), (Ib.8), (Ib.9), (Ib. lO), (Ib.l l), (Ib.12), (Ib.13), (Ib.14), (Ib.15), (Ib.16), (Ib.17), Ib.l8), (Ib.19), (Ib.20), (Ib.21), (Ib.22), (Ib.23), (Ib.24), (Ib.25), (Ib.26), (Ib.27), (Ib.28), (Ib.29), Ib.30), (Ib.31), (Ib.32), (Ib.33), (Ib.34), (Ib.35), (Ib.36), (Ib.37), (Ib.38), (Ib.39), (Ib.40), (Ib.41), Ib.42), (Ib.43), (Ib.44), (Ib.45), (Ib.46), (Ib.47), (Ib.48), (Ib.49), (Ib.50), (Ib.51), (Ib.52), (Ib.53), Ib.54), (Ib.55), (Ib.56), (Ib.57), (Ib.58), (Ib.59), (Ib.60), (Ib.61), (Ib.62), and (Ib.63).

26] "Formulae (Ic. l)-(Ic.63)" means each of formulae (Ic.1), (Ic.2), (Ic.3), (Ic.4), (Ic.5), Ic.6), (Ic.7), (Ic.8), (Ic.9), (Ic. lO), (Ic. l l), (Ic.12), (Ic.13), (Ic.14), (Ic.15), (Ic.16), (Ic.17), Ic.18), (Ic.19), (Ic.20), (Ic.21), (Ic.22), (Ic.23), (Ic.24), (Ic.25), (Ic.26), (Ic.27), (Ic.28), (Ic.29), Ic.30), (Ic.31), (Ic.32), (Ic.33), (Ic.34), (Ic.35), (Ic.36), (Ic.37), (Ic.38), (Ic.39), (Ic.40), (Ic.41), Ic.42), (Ic.43), (Ic.44), (Ic.45), (Ic.46), (Ic.47), (Ic.48), (Ic.49), (Ic.50), (Ic.51), (Ic.52), (Ic.53), Ic.54), (Ic.55), (Ic.56), (Ic.57), (Ic.58), (Ic.59), (Ic.60), (Ic.61), (Ic.62), and (Ic.63).

27] "Formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63)" means each of formulae (Ic), (Ic.l), (Ic.2), (Ic.3), (Ic.4), (Ic.5), Ic.6), (Ic.7), (Ic.8), (Ic.9), (Ic. lO), (Ic. l l), (Ic.12), (Ic.13), (Ic.14), (Ic.15), (Ic.16), (Ic.17), Ic.18), (Ic.19), (Ic.20), (Ic.21), (Ic.22), (Ic.23), (Ic.24), (Ic.25), (Ic.26), (Ic.27), (Ic.28), (Ic.29), Ic.30), (Ic.31), (Ic.32), (Ic.33), (Ic.34), (Ic.35), (Ic.36), (Ic.37), (Ic.38), (Ic.39), (Ic.40), (Ic.41), Ic.42), (Ic.43), (Ic.44), (Ic.45), (Ic.46), (Ic.47), (Ic.48), (Ic.49), (Ic.50), (Ic.51), (Ic.52), (Ic.53), Ic.54), (Ic.55), (Ic.56), (Ic.57), (Ic.58), (Ic.59), (Ic.60), (Ic.61), (Ic.62), and (Ic.63).

28] "Formulae (Id.l)-(Id.63)" means each of formulae (Id.l), (Id.2), (Id.3), (Id.4), (Id.5), Id.6), (Id.7), (Id.8), (Id.9), (Id.10), (Id.l l), (Id.12), (Id.13), (Id.14), (Id.15), (Id.16), (Id.17), Id.l8), (Id.19), (Id.20), (Id.21), (Id.22), (Id.23), (Id.24), (Id.25), (Id.26), (Id.27), (Id.28), (Id.29), Id.30), (Id.31), (Id.32), (Id.33), (Id.34), (Id.35), (Id.36), (Id.37), (Id.38), (Id.39), (Id.40), (Id.41), Id.42), (Id.43), (Id.44), (Id.45), (Id.46), (Id.47), (Id.48), (Id.49), (Id.50), (Id.51), (Id.52), (Id.53), Id.54), (Id.55), (Id.56), (Id.57), (Id.58), (Id.59), (Id.60), (Id.61), (Id.62), and (Id.63).

29] "Formulae (Id)-(Id.63)" means each of formulae (Id), (Id.l), (Id.2), (Id.3), (Id.4), (Id.5), Id.6), (Id.7), (Id.8), (Id.9), (Id.10), (Id.l l), (Id.12), (Id.13), (Id.14), (Id.15), (Id.16), (Id.17), Id.l8), (Id.19), (Id.20), (Id.21), (Id.22), (Id.23), (Id.24), (Id.25), (Id.26), (Id.27), (Id.28), (Id.29), Id.30), (Id.31), (Id.32), (Id.33), (Id.34), (Id.35), (Id.36), (Id.37), (Id.38), (Id.39), (Id.40), (Id.41), Id.42), (Id.43), (Id.44), (Id.45), (Id.46), (Id.47), (Id.48), (Id.49), (Id.50), (Id.51), (Id.52), (Id.53), Id.54), (Id.55), (Id.56), (Id.57), (Id.58), (Id.59), (Id.60), (Id.61), (Id.62), and (Id.63). [30] "Formulae (Ie. l)-(Ie.63)" means each of formulae (Ie.1), (Ie.2), (Ie.3), (Ie.4), (Ie.5),

(Ie.6), (Ie.7), (Ie.8), (Ie.9), (Ie.10), (Ie. l l), (Ie.12), (Ie.13), (Ie.14), (Ie.15), (Ie.16), (Ie.17), (Ie.18), (Ie.19), (Ie.20), (Ie.21), (Ie.22), (Ie.23), (Ie.24), (Ie.25), (Ie.26), (Ie.27), (Ie.28), (Ie.29), (Ie.30), (Ie.31), (Ie.32), (Ie.33), (Ie.34), (Ie.35), (Ie.36), (Ie.37), (Ie.38), (Ie.39), (Ie.40), (Ie.41), (Ie.42), (Ie.43), (Ie.44), (Ie.45), (Ie.46), (Ie.47), (Ie.48), (Ie.49), (Ie.50), (Ie.51), (Ie.52), (Ie.53), (Ie.54), (Ie.55), (Ie.56), (Ie.57), (Ie.58), (Ie.59), (Ie.60), (Ie.61), (Ie.62), and (Ie.63).

[31] "Formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63)" means each of formulae (Ie), (Ie.l), (Ie.2), (Ie.3), (Ie.4), (Ie.5), (Ie.6), (Ie.7), (Ie.8), (Ie.9), (Ie.10), (Ie. l l), (Ie.12), (Ie.13), (Ie.14), (Ie.15), (Ie.16), (Ie.17), (Ie.18), (Ie.19), (Ie.20), (Ie.21), (Ie.22), (Ie.23), (Ie.24), (Ie.25), (Ie.26), (Ie.27), (Ie.28), (Ie.29), (Ie.30), (Ie.31), (Ie.32), (Ie.33), (Ie.34), (Ie.35), (Ie.36), (Ie.37), (Ie.38), (Ie.39), (Ie.40), (Ie.41), (Ie.42), (Ie.43), (Ie.44), (Ie.45), (Ie.46), (Ie.47), (Ie.48), (Ie.49), (Ie.50), (Ie.51), (Ie.52), (Ie.53), (Ie.54), (Ie.55), (Ie.56), (Ie.57), (Ie.58), (Ie.59), (Ie.60), (Ie.61), (Ie.62), and (Ie.63).

[32] "Formulae (If. l)-(If.63)" means each of formulae (If.l), (If.2), (If.3), (If.4), (If.5), (If.6), (If.7), (If.8), (If.9), (If.lO), (If.l l), (If.12), (If.13), (If.14), (If.15), (If.16), (If.17), (If.18), (If.19), (If.20), (If.21), (If.22), (If.23), (If.24), (If.25), (If.26), (If.27), (If.28), (If.29), (If.30), (If.31), (If.32), (If.33), (If.34), (If.35), (If.36), (If.37), (If.38), (If.39), (If.40), (If.41), (If.42), (If.43), (If.44), (If.45), (If.46), (If.47), (If.48), (If.49), (If.50), (If.51), (If.52), (If.53), (If.54), (If.55), (If.56), (If.57), (If.58), (If.59), (If.60), (If.61), (If.62), and (If.63).

[33] "Formulae (If)-(If.63)" means each of formulae (If), (If.l), (If.2), (If.3), (If.4), (If.5), (If.6), (If.7), (If.8), (If.9), (If.lO), (If.l l), (If.12), (If.13), (If.14), (If.15), (If.16), (If.17), (If.18), (If.19), (If.20), (If.21), (If.22), (If.23), (If.24), (If.25), (If.26), (If.27), (If.28), (If.29), (If.30), (If.31), (If.32), (If.33), (If.34), (If.35), (If.36), (If.37), (If.38), (If.39), (If.40), (If.41), (If.42), (If.43), (If.44), (If.45), (If.46), (If.47), (If.48), (If.49), (If.50), (If.51), (If.52), (If.53), (If.54), (If.55), (If.56), (If.57), (If.58), (If.59), (If.60), (If.61), (If.62), and (If.63).

Compounds

[34] The compounds depicted herein, by virtue of their cationic nature, are typically present as salts even if salts are not depicted and thus are accompanied by a pharmaceutically acceptable counterion, forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. A "pharmaceutically acceptable counterion" is an ionic portion of a salt that is not toxic when released from the salt upon administration to a recipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be formed with many acids, including but not limited to hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, lactic, malic, succinic, hydrogen bisulfide, salicylic, tartaric, bitartaric, ascorbic, maleic, besylic, fumaric, gluconic, glucuronic, formic, glutamic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, lactic, oxalic, para- bromophenylsulfonic, carbonic, succinic, citric, benzoic and acetic acid, and related inorganic and organic acids. Such pharmaceutically acceptable counterions thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfate, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate,

dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne- 1,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, terephathalate, sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycolate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene- 1 -sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, mandelate and the like.

[35] Where tautomeric forms may be present for any of the compounds described herein, each and every tautomeric form is intended even though only one or some of the tautomeric forms may be explicitly depicted. The tautomeric forms specifically depicted may or may not be the predominant forms in solution or when used according to the methods described herein.

[36] In some variations, compounds fall within formula (I):

(I) wherein: each X and Y independently is a positively charged moiety selected from (a) a 5-10

membered heteroaromatic ring and (b) a multiple-fused ring system comprising at least one 6-10 membered aromatic or 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring;

each Rx and Ry independently is selected from the group consisting of R, -NH ₂, -NHR, -NR ₂, -N(R) ₃ ⁺ _, -NHCOR, -N0 ₂, -OH, -OR, halo, C1-C6 perhaloalkyl, -CN, -SH, -SR, -S0 ₂H, -S0 ₃H, -C0 ₂H, -C0 ₂R, -CHO, and -COR, wherein R is (i) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, (ii) C3-C8 cycloalkyl, (iii) C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, (iv) C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, (v) C6-C10 aryl, or (vi) C5-C10 heteroaryl;

mi and m. ₂ independently are 0 or an integer from 1-6; Vi and V ₂ independently are absent or are selected from -C(Rz) ₂-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)0-, -C(=0)NRz-, -NRz-, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) ₂-, -S(=0) ₂0-, and -S(=0) ₂NR _z-, wherein each Rz independently is H or C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and

L is a linker selected from the group consisting of: which h is 0-6; tii is 1-4; for each independent instance of R _a and R _b, (I) R _a and R _b independently are H or C¾, or (2) , or (3) two of CR _aR _b are *· ;

C ³) , in which k is 2-10, and for each independent instance of R _a and

R _b, R _a and R _b (I) independently are H or C¾, or (2) R _a and R _b are

½ ^ , or (3) two of CR _aR _b are ·

1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R _ai and R _bi, R _ai and R _bi (I) independently are H or C¾, or (2) R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ or *" , or (3) two of CR _aiR _bi are ; for each independent instance of R _a2 and

¾2, ¾2 and R _b2 (I) independently are H or C¾, or (2) R _a2 and R _b2 are - _{or s or} (3) of CR _a2R _b2 are _; (d) , in which lj, I ₂, Oj, and 0 ₂ independently are 0-4; w is 1-2; n is 1-4; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R _ai and Rbi, (I R _ai and ¾i independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _ai and

Rbi are or (3) two of CRaiRbi are

independent instance of R _a2 and Rb ₂, (I) R _a2 and Rb ₂ independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _a2 and R _b2 are ^ ^ or ' ^¾· or (3) two of CR _a2R _b2 are

; for each independent instance of R _ci and Rdi, (I) R _ci and Rdi independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _ci and Rdi are ' ^¾ ^ or ' or (3) two of CRciRdi are ; for each independent instance of R _c2 and

Rd ₂, (I) R _c2 and Rd ₂ independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _c2 and Rd ₂ are

VY or ¾ , or (3) two of CR _c2Rd2

(e) , in which n, 0 ₁, and 0 ₂

independently are 1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of Rci and Rdi, (I) R _ci and Rdi independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _ci and Rdi independently are ' ^¾ or for each independent instance of R _c2 and Rd ₂, (I) Rc2 and Rd ₂ independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _c2 and Rd ₂ independently are ' w ^Y ^ or ' w ?~ , or (3)

· ; and

(f) W , in which n, oi, and o

independently are 1-8; is 1-3; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl;

T is a moiety selected from -C(=0)NH-, -NH(C=0)-, -C(=0)-, -S-, -0-, -NH-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) ₂NH-, and -NHS(=0) ₂-;

Ui is a moiety selected from -C(R _ciRdiK -N-, -0-, or -S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R _ci and Rdi, (I) R _ci and R _di independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _ci and R _di independently are ' ^¾ or ' ^¾ or (3) two of CR _ciR _di are "^- ^¾ ; U ₂ is a moiety selected from -C(R _c2R _d2)-, -N-, -0-, or -S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R _c2 and Rd ₂, (I) R _c2 and Rd ₂ independently are H or CH ₃, (2) R _c2 and R _d2 independently are ' ^¾ or ' ^¾· or (3) two of CR _c2R _d2 are

PROVIDED THAT at least one of X or Y is not:

wherein:

Ri, R ₂, and R ₃ independently are absent or independently are selected from -NH ₂, -NHZ, -NZ ₂, -OH, -O , -NHCOCH3, -NHCOZ, -OCH3, -OR, -C ₂H ₅, -Z,-C ₆H ₅, -N0 ₂, -NZ ₃ ⁺, F, Br, CI, I, -CF ₃, -Cl ₃, -CBr ₃, -CI ₃, -CN, -S0 ₃H, -COOH, -COOZ, -CHO, and -COZ;

Z is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and

•~w indicates the attachment site to the linker L.

Compounds of Formula (la)

[37] In some variations, compounds of formula (I) fall within formula (la), which comprises linker (a):

(la)

in which X, Y, Rx, Ry, R, mi, m ₂, Vi, V¾ Rz, and h are as defined above for formula (I).

[38] Examples of linker (a) include _?

[39] In some variations, compounds of formula (la) fall within one or more of formulae (Ia. l)- (Ia.63), shown below.







(la.61) (Ia.62)

[40] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above, h is 0-6, 0-

5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0- 1, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-6, 4-5, 5-6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[41] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above, rij is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which ni is 1

[42] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above, ni is 1.

[43] In some variations, R _a and ¾ are both H. In some variations, R _a is H and ¾ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a and R _b are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _a and R _b are "^- . In some variations, R _a and R _b are

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which ij is 2

[44] In variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above in which ni is 2, the two instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2, respectively.

[45] In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of R _bi and R _b2 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, R _a2, and R _bi is H and R _b2 is CH ₃.

[46] In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi is H and R _a2 and R _b2 are . In some . In some variations, each of R _ai each of R _ai and R _bi is CH ₃ and

R _a2 and R _b2 are [47] In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, and R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ . In some variations

R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, and R _a2 and R _b2 are ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and together are ^x . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^¾ ^ R _a2 and R _b2 are ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^' , and R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi

O O

are ' ^¾ r ₅ and R _a2 and R _b2 are ^ ^x .

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which iii is 3

[48] In variations, the three instances of R _a and Rb are indicated as R _ai and Rbi; R _a2 and Rb ₂; and R _a3 and R _b3, respectively.

[49] In some variations, each of R _ai, R _bi, R _a2, Rb2, and R _b3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is H and each of R _a3 and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is CH ₃ and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai is H and each of R _a2, R _a3 R _bi, Rb2, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of R _a3 R _bi, Rb2, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, R _a2, and R _a3 is H and each of Rbi, Rb2, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃.

[50] In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is H and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ^¾ * . In some variations, each of R _ai, R _bi, R _a2, and Rb2, is CH ₃ and R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai is H and each of R _a2, R _bi, and Rb2 is CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of Rbi and Rb2 is CH ₃, and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ^¾ ^ .

[51] In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is H and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are In

some variations, each of R _ai, R _bi, R _a2, and Rb2, is CH ₃ and R _a3 and R _b3 are r . In some O variations, R _ai is H and each of R _a2, Rbi, and Rb ₂ is CH ₃, and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ^'¾· ^ . In some

variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of R _bi and R _b2 is CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 are

[52] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ₅ R _a2 and R _b2 are "^- , and each of R _a3 and

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are " ^¾ , and each of R _a3 and

Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ^¾ * , R _a3 is H, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are "^- , R _a2 and R _b2 are "^- , and each of R _a3 and

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a3 and

Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ¹ ^ , R _a3 is H, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃.

W ⁰

[53] In some variations 5,, RR _aaii aanndd RRb _bii aarree "^ ^¾- * ,, RR _aa22 aanndd RRb _b22 aarree ' ^¾· ^ - ,, aanndd eeaacchh ooff RR _aa3 and

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ , and each of R _a3 and

R is CH ₃. In some variations, RR _aaii aanndd RRbbii aarree ^¾ ^ ^ ,, RR _aa22 aanndd RRbb ₂₂ aarree ^ ,, RR _aa33 iiss HH,, aanndd RRbb ₃

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· , and each of R _a3 and

R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· *" , R _a3 is H, and R _b3 is CH ₃. o o

[54] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ^'¾· ^ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R _a3 and

O O

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ ₅ and each of R _a3 and

O O

R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '^- ^ _{5 a3} is H, and R _b3 i

O O

CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '^- ^ ₅ R _a2 and R _b2 are ^ , and each of R _a3 and R _b3

O O

is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ^ , and each of R _a3 and R _b3

O O

is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are A ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are A '¾· ^ , R _a3 is H, and R _b3 is

CH ₃

[55] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , and each of

R _a3 and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , Ra3 IS

H, and R _b3 is C In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , and

R _a3 and R _b3 are . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are

and R _a3 and R _b3 are

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which tii is 4

[56] In variations, the four instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4, respectively.

[57] In some variations, each of R _ai, R _bi, R _a2, R _b2, R _a3, R _b3, R _a4, and R _b4 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, Rb2, Ra3, Rb3, Ra4, and Rb4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is H and each of R _a4 and Rb4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and R _b2 is H and each of R _a3, R _b3, R _a4, and R _b4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is CH ₃ and each of R _a4 and Rb4 is H. [58] In some variations, each of R _ai, R _a2, and R _a3 is H and each of R _bi, R _b2, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai is H, Rbi is CH ₃, and each of R _a2, Rb ₂, R _a3, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai is H, Rbi is CH ₃, and each of R _a2, Rb ₂, R _a3, and Rb ₃ is H. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H, each of R _bi and R _b2 is CH ₃, and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H, each of R _bi and R _b2 is CH ₃, and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is CH ₃.

[59] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ¹ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are H, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are H, R _a3 and Rb ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are "^- .

[60] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are H, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a3 and Rb ₃ are

^¾ ^ , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^¾ * . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are "^- , and R _a4 and Rb4 are "^- . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are "^- , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^ ^ .

[61] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are ^¾ * , R _a3 and R _b3 are , and R _a4 and Rb4 are " ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a3 and R _b3 are "^- and R and are ' ^¾ ^\ In some ariations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 and

R _b2 are , R _a3 and R _b3 are , and R _a4 and Rb4 are . In some variations, R _ai and

Rbi are , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are , R _a3 and Rb ₃ are , and R _a4 and Rb4 are . [62] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and O

Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are H, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are H, R _a3 and Rb ₃ are CH ₃,

and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and

R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^\ In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2

are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^ .

[63] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are ^'¾· , and R _a4

and Rb4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are H, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a3 and Rb ₃ are O O

^'¾· ^ , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃,

O O

R _a3 and R _b3 are ^ , and R _a4 and RRbb44 aarree * ^\ In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2

OO OO

and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are ^ , and R _a4 and Rb4 are r ^* . In some variations, R _ai is H,

O O

R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· .

O O

[64] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are H, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ^'¾- ^ , R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and

O O

R _a4 and Rb4 are '^ ^ . in some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ , R _a3 and

O O

R _b3 are ^ ^x , and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 0 0 O

are'¾-^ ^ , R _a3 and R _b3 are '¾·^ ^· , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are

[65] R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and ns, R _ai and Rbi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a3 and Rb ₃ ⁰ 7

are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^''ττ·· IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR _aaii aanndd RR _bbii aarree '' ^¾¾ ,, RR _aa22 aanndd RR _bb2 are

H, R _a3 and Rb3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾· ^ .

[66] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are , R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· r . in some variations, R _ai and R _bi are " ^¾ , R _; and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· . In some variations, R _ai and

R _bi are , R _a2 and R _b2 are _¾¾ , R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and Rb4 are .

[67] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are "^- , R _a3 and R _b3 are ^ , and R _a4 and R _b4 are ^'¾ ^ .

W ⁰

[68] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^{1 f} , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· , R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and

O W ⁰

R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ , R a _; 3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· *" . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and

O O

R _b2 are '¾· ^ , R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ _{5 a3} and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾· ^ .

In some variations , R _ai and R _bi are

R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾ r o o

[70] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ^'¾· ^ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ^'¾· ^ , R _a3 and Rb ₃ are H, and

O 0 0

R _a4 and Rb4 are % ' ^¾ A· ^ _/\ In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are _¾ ' ^¾A· ^ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ¾ ^,¾ A- ^ _/ , R _a3

O O

and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· ^ , R _a2 and

O O

R _b2 are ^'¾· ^ , R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi

[71] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ,

and R _a4 and Rb4 are <?

[72] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and

Rb4 together are wv ^<■ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are " w ^¾ v ^<· . In some variations, R _ai and R _a2 are H, R _bi and

R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are wv ^<· .

[73] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are ^¾ * , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are .WV ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are .'y ^¾¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are .'W <· V ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃,

R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are .'W ^«· V .

[74]

and Rb4 together are In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are WV . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃,

R _a2 and R _b2 are < 'J ^¾· ^ ^x , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are .'W<· V . o o

[75] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^'τ· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ , and R _a3 and R _b3 and

R _a4 and R _b4 together are V In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ¾ <*\ R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and Ra3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are In some variations, R _ai and R _bi

O O

are ' T- ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are <*\ and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are

[76] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a3 and R _b3 and

R _a4 and R _b4 together are wv

[77] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are wv, and R _a3 and R _b3

¾r

and R _a and R _b4 together are "^- .

Compounds of Formula (lb) [78] Some compounds fall within formula (lb), which comprises linker (b):

wherein: X, Y, Rx, R _Y, R, mi, m2, Vi, V ₂, Rz, R _a, Rb, and k are as defined in formula (I).

[79] In some variations, compounds of formula (lb) fall within one or more of formulae (lb.1 )- (lb.63), shown below.

(lb.5)

(lb.23)

(Ib.29)

(lb.35)

(lb.41)

(Ib.47)

(lb.53)

[80] In some variations of formulae (Ib.l-Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above, k is 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-10, 8-9, 9-10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 2

[81] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 2, the two instances of R _a and Rb are indicated as R _ai and Rbi and R _a2 and Rb ₂, respectively.

[82] In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of R _bi and R _b2 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, R _a2, and R _bi is H and R _b2 is CH ₃.

[83] In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi is H and R _a2 and R _b2 are . In some

variations, each of R _ai and R _bi is H and R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi is CH ₃ and R _a2 and R _b2 are . In some variations, each of R _ai and R _bi is CH ₃ and

R _a2 and Rb ₂ are

[84] In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, and R _a2 and R _b2 are . In some variations,

O u

R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, and R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b together are . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '^- R _a2 and R _b2 are '^- . In some

variations 5,, RR _aaii aanndd RRb _bii aarree '' ^¾¾ ^ ,, aanndd RR _aa22 aanndd RRb _b22 aarree ^''^ ^¾-· ^ ?~ .. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi O O

are and R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 3

[85] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is3, the three instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; and R _a3 and R _b3, respectively. [86] In some variations, each of R _ai, R _bi, R _a2, ¾2, and R _b3 is H. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, R _a2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is H and each of R _a3 and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is CH ₃ and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai is H and each of R _a2, R _a3 R _bi, Rb2, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of R _a3 R _bi, Rb2, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai, R _a2, and R _a3 is H and each of Rbi, Rb2, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃.

[87] In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is H and R _a3 and . In some variations, each of R _ai, R _bi, R _a2, and Rb2, is CH ₃ and R _a3 and R _b3 are e variations, R _ai is H and each of R _a2, Rbi, and Rb2 is CH ₃, and R _a3 and Rb ₃ ar e . In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of Rbi and Rb2 is CH ₃, and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are

[88] In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb2, is H and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ' ^¾· ^\ In

variations, R _ai is H and each of R _a2, Rbi, and Rb2 is CH ₃, and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ' ^¾· ^ . In some

variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H and each of Rbi and Rb2 is CH ₃, and R _a3 and Rb ₃ are

[89] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb2 are "^- , and each of R _a3 and

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and Rb2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _a3 and

Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb2 are ' ^¾ , R _a3 is H, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a3 and

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are " ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and Rb2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _a3 and

Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are "^- , R _a2 and Rb2 are "^- , R _a3 is H, and Rb ₃ is CH ₃. O

[90] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾· and each of R _a3 and

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ , and each of R _a3 and

Rb ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are " ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ^ , R _a3 is H, and Rb ₃

7 O

is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· and each of R _a3 and

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ , and each of R _a3 and

7 O

R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ¾ ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾·½ ^ , R _a3 is H, and R _b3 is CH ₃.

O O

[91] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· and each of R _a3 and

O O

R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ , and each of R _a3 and

O O

R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ , R _a3 is H, and R _b3 is

O O

CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ ₅ and each of R _a3 and R _b3

O O

is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· and each of R _a3 and R _b3

O O

is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^,¾- R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· R _a3 is H, and R _b3 is

CH ₃.

[92] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are ' <- ^x , and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is H. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are ' ^«· ^ , and each of

V V

R _a3 and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , R _a3 is

V V

H, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , and R _a3 and R _b3 are "^- . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , and

R _a3 and R _b3 are Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 4

[93] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 4, the four instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4, respectively.

[94] In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, Rb2, Ra3, Rb3, Ra4, and Rb4 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, Rb2, Ra3, Rb3, Ra4, and Rb4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is H and each of R _a4 and Rb4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai, R _bi, Ra2, and R _b2 is H and each of R _a3, Rb ₃, R _a4, and R _b4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is CH ₃ and each of R _a4 and Rb4 is H.

[95] In some variations, each of R _ai, R _a2, and R _a3 is H and each of R _bi, R _b2, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, and each of R _a2, R _b2, R _a3, and R _b3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, and each of R _a2, R _b2, R _a3, and R _b3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H, each of R _bi and R _b2 is CH ₃, and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai and R _a2 is H, each of R _bi and R _b2 is CH ₃, and each of R _a3 and R _b3 is CH ₃.

[96] variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and

R _b4 are In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and R _b4 are i _n some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and are CH ₃, and R _a4 and R _b4 are In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and R _b4 are

[97] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ ^ " , and R _a4 and R _b4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are " ^¾ ^ , and R _a4 and R _b4 are In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are

CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a4 and R _b4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ , and R _a4 and R _b4 are "^- . In some vari R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are , and R _a4 and Rb4 are

[98] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are ₅ and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , R _a3 and R _b3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾ ^ " . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2 and

R _b2 are ' ^¾% , R _a3 and R _b3 are \ '^¾- , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ¾ ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai and

Rbi are , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are , R _a3 and Rb ₃ are , and R _a4 and Rb4 are

[99] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and

Rb4 are ^,¾- ^ . In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are H, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are H, R _a3 and Rb ₃ are CH ₃,

and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and

Rb ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are CH ₃, R _a2 and Rb ₂

are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· r .

[100] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are and R _a4

and Rb4 are In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are

O O

'¾· *" , and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are CH ₃, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃,

O O

R _a3 and R _b3 are '¾· and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃, R _a2

O O

and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a3 and R _b3 are '¾· and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai is H,

O O

Rbi is CH ₃, R _a2 is H, Rb ₂ is CH ₃, R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ' ^¾· ^ , and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾· ^ . o o

[101] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are H, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are' ^¾- R _a3 and Rb ₃ are ' ^¾· and

O O

R _a4 and R _b4 are'^ ^\ In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are CH ₃, R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾· R _a3 and

O O

Rb ₃ are ^ , and R _a4 and R _b4 are ^ . In some variations, R _ai is H, Rbi is CH ₃, R _a2 and Rb ₂ . in some variations, R _ai and R _bi are

0 0 0 O

% ' ^¾ A· / R _a2 and R _b2 are % ' ^¾ A· / R _a3 and R _b3 are % ' ^¾ A· / and R _a4 and R _b4 are A ^ .

[102] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are H, R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and R _b4 are ' ^¾· ^ \ In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a3 and Rb ₃

⁰ Γ7

are CH ₃, and R _a4 and R _b4 are Λ ^\ In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are > "¾ ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are

H, R _a3 and Rb ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a4 and R _b4 are ⁱ .

[103] In some vari ' ^¾ ^ _{5 a3} and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and R _b4 are , R _a2 and R _b2 are ,

and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a3 and Rb ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a4 and R _b4 are ^ . In some variations, R _ai and

Rbi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ , R _a3 and Rb ₃ are H, and R _a4 and R|

[104] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ ₅ R _a3 and R _b3 are "^- , and R _a4 and R _b4 are ^ . O

[105] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾· R _a3 and Rb ₃ are H, and

O w O

R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ₅ R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are " ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and

O O

R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ _{5 a3} and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi 7 O O

are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ , R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· r .

[106] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are , R _a2 and R _b2 are R _a3 and R _b3 are

, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^\

O O

[107] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· R _a3 and R _b3 are H, and

O O O

R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· ^ ₅ R _a2 and R _b2 are '¾· R _a3

O O

and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· R _a2 and

O O

R _b2 are ^,¾- ^ , R _a3 and R _b3 are CH ₃, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi

0 0 O

are ^ ^x , R _a2 and Rb ₂ are ^ ^x , R _a3 and Rb ₃ are H, and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^ .

[108]

and R _a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[109] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are H, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are ^{^} . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and Rb4 together are ' <· . In some variations, R _ai and R _a2 are H, R _bi and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, and R _a3 and Rb ₃ and R _a4 and Rb4 together are ' ^«· ^{^} . [110] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are ' <· ^<· . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are . In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃,

R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are ' <· .

[111] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are H, R _a2 and R _b2 are and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4

and R _b4 together are . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are '¾· r ₅ R _a2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are \ In some variations, R _ai is H, R _bi is CH ₃,

R _a2 and Rb ₂ are and R _a3 and Rb ₃ and R _a4 and Rb ₄ together are ' <· .

O O

[112] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾· ^ , R _a2 and R _b2 are ^'¾· and R _a3 and R _b3 and

R _a4 and R _b4 together are " <- . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' · , R _a2 and R _b2 are

' ^¾ ^ , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are ^<■ . In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are ,'W<· V

[113] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ , R _a2 and R _b2 are "^- , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are ' <· .

V V

[114] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi and R _a2 and R _b2 together are , and R _a3 and R _b3 and R _a4 and R _b4 together are ' <· *· .

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 5

[115] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 5, the five instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and Rb ₄; and R _as and Rbs, respectively. [116] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4 are as described above, and each of R _as and R _bs is H.

[117] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4 are as described above, and each of R _as and R _bs is CH ₃.

[118] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4 are as described above, R _as is H, and R _bs is CH ₃.

[119] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4 are as described above, and R _as and R _bs are .

[120] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4 are as

described above, and R _as and R _bs are ' ^¾ ^ .

[121] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; and R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4 and and R _bs together are ^ ^{^}^i

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 6

[122] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 6, the six instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and Rb4; R _a5 and Rbs _; and R _a6 and Rb6, respectively.

[123] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; and R _as and R _bs are as described above, and each of R _a6 and R _b6 is H.

[124] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; and R _as and R _bs are as described above, and each of R _a6 and R _b6 is CH ₃.

[125] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; and R _as and R _bs are as described above, R _a6 is H, and R _b6 is CH ₃.

[126] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R ; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; and R _as and R _bs are as described above, and R _a6 and R _b6 are [127] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; and R _as and R _bs

described above, and R _a6 and R _b6 are " ^¾ ^ .

[128] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; and R _a4 and R _b4; and R _as and R _bs and R _a6 and R _b6 and R _a7 and R _b7 together are .

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 7

[129] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 7, the seven instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and Rb4; R _a5 and Rbs _; R _a6 and Rb6; and R _a7 and Rb ₇, respectively.

[130] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi; R _a2 and Rb ₂; R _a3 and Rb ₃; R _a4 and Rb4; R _as and Rbs _; R _a6 and R _b6 are as described above, and each of R _a7 and R _b7 is H.

[131] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs _; R _a6 and R _b6 are as described above, and each of R _a7 and R _b7 is CH ₃.

[132] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs _; R _a6 and R _b6 are as described above, R _a7 is H, and R _b7 is CH ₃.

[133] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs _; R _a6 and R _b6 are as described above, and R _a7 and R _b7 are

[134] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs _; R _a6

and R _b6 are as described above, and R _a7 and R _b7 are ' ^¾ .

[135] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs are as described above, and R _a6 and R _b6 and R _a7 and R _b7 together are ' ^<· . Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 8

[136] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 8, the eight instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _a5 and R _b5; R _ae and R _b6; R _a7 and R _b7; and R _a8 and R _b8, respectively.

[137] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs _; R _a6 and R _b6; and R _a7 and R _b7 are as described above, and each of R _as and R _b8 is H.

[138] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi; R _a2 and Rb ₂; R _a3 and Rb ₃; R _a4 and Rb4; R _as and Rbs _; R _a6 and R _b6; and R _a7 and R _b7 are as described above, and each of R _as and R _b8 is CH ₃.

[139] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs _; R _a6 and Rb6i and R _a7 and R _b7 are as described above, and each of R _as is H, and R _b8 is CH ₃.

[140] In some variations, R _ai and Rbi; R _a2 and Rb ₂; R _a3 and Rb ₃; R _a4 and Rb4; R _as and Rbs _; R _a6 and Rb6i and R _a7 and R _b7 are as described above, and R _as and R _b8 are . [141] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs _; R _a6 and Rb6i and R _a7 and R _b7 are as described above, and R _as and R _b8 are .

[142] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi; R _a2 and R _b2; R _a3 and R _b3; R _a4 and R _b4; R _as and R _bs R _a6 and R _b6 are as described above, and R _a7 and R _b7 and R _as and R _b8 together are ' ^<- .

Compounds of Formula (Ic)

[143] Some compounds fall within formula (Ic), which comprises linker (c):

wherein: X, Y, Rx, Ry, R, mi, m ₂, Vi, V¾ Rz, R _ai, Rbi, R _a2, and Rb ₂ are as defined above in formula (I).

[144] In some variations, compounds of formula (Ic) fall within one or more of formulae (Ic. l)- (Ic.63), shown below.









Variations of formulae (Ic-Ic.63) in which w is 1

[145] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, h is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3- 4, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some of these variations, l ₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[146] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which w is 1, l ₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and is 1 [147] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), is 1.

[148] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are both H. In some variations, R _ai is H and R _bi is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ' ^¾ ^ . In

some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and U is 2

[149] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R _ai and R _bi are indicated as R _ai.i and R _bi.i and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂, respectively.

[150] In some variations, each of R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of Rbi.i and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, R _ai.2, and Rbi.i is H and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃.

[151] In some variations, each of Rai.i and Rbi.i is H and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾ . In some

variations, each of R _ai.i and R _bi.i is H and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, each of

R _ai.i and Rbi.i is CH ₃ and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are . In some variations, each of R _ai.i and Rbi.i is

CH ₃ and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ . some variations, R _ai.i is H, R _bi.i is CH ₃, and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai.i

is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 together are " < ^■ In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are

' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ , and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'^- *"■ In some

0 0

variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ^'¾· , and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ^'¾· <*\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and U is 3

[152] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai.i and Rbi.i; Rai.2 and Rbi. ₂; and R _ai.3 and Rbi.3, respectively.

[153] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, bi.2, ai.3, and Rb is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, bi.2, ai.3, and Rb is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and each of R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i is H and each of R _ai. ₂, R _ai.3, Rbi.i, ¾ι.2, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of R _ai.3, Rbi.i _> bi.2, and Rb is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, R _ai.2, and Rai.3 is H and each of Rbi.i, Rbi.2, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃.

[154] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and R _ai.3 and Rbi.3

. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH ₃ and R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 are . In some variations, R _ai.i is H and each of R _ai. ₂, Rbi.i, and Rbi.2 is CH ₃, and R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 are

' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of R _bi.i and R _bi.2 is CH ₃, and

R _ai.3 and R _bi.3 are ' ^¾ <^ . O

[155] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi. ₂, is H and R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 are ^'^- ^ .

0 some variations, R _ai.i is H and each of R _ai. ₂, Rbi.i, and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃, and R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 are '^- . In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of Rbi.i and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃, and R _ai.3 and

R _bi. ₃ are *\

[156] In some variations, R _ai i and R _bi i are "^- , R _ai ₂ and R _bi ₂ are ' ^¾ , and each of R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 is H. In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai ₂ and Rbi 2 are "^- , and each of R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are ' ^¾ , R _ai 2 and Rbi 2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , Rai 3 is H, and Rbi 3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai ₂ and Rbi 2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 is H. In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are ' ^¾ ^ " _{5 al 2} and R _bi 2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ^ ^ , R _ai. ₃ is H, and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃.

[157] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 are and each of R _ai.;

and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 are ^'¾· and each

0 of R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ¾ ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 are ' ^¾· ^

Rai.3 is H, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 are 0 7

Λ ' ^¾· ^ ₅ and each of R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are '¾ ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and

Rbi.2 are and each of R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ .

R _ai. ₂ and R _bi.2 are R _ai. ₃ is H, and R _bi.3 is CH ₃. 0 o

[158] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾· R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are and each of R _ai. ₃

O 0

and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾· and each of

O 0

R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ^'¾· ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ ,

Rai.3 is H, and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are

O 0

^'¾· r , and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· ^ , R _ai. ₂ and

0 0

R _bi.2 are '¾· ^ , and each of R _ai.3 and R _bi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are '¾· ^ ,

R _ai.2 and R _bi. ₂ are ^'¾· R _ai. ₃ is H, and R _bi.3 is CH ₃.

[159] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ together are , and each of

R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ together are , and each of R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ together are R _ai.3 is H, and R _b is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ together are , and R _ai.3 and R _bi.3 are . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 together are , and R _ai.3 and R _bi.3 are

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and is 4

[160] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R _ai and R _bi are indicated as R _ai.i and Rbi.i; Rai.2 and Rbi. ₂; Rai.3 and Rbi.3; and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4, respectively.

[161] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, ¾ι.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H and each of R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2 is H and each of R _ai. ₃, Rbi.3, R _ai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃ and each

[162] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, R _ai. ₂, and R _ai. ₃ is H and each of Rbi, Rb ₂, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, and each of R _ai. ₂, Rbi. ₂, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, and each of R _ai. ₂, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃, and each of R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃, and each of R _ai.3 and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃.

[163] In so , R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are H, and

R _ai.4 and R _b In some variati i.i and R _bi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are In some variations, Rai.i and Rbi.i are H, R, al.2 and Rbi.2 are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai i and Rbi i are CH ₃, R _ai ₂ and Rbi ₂ are CH ₃, R _ai ₃ and Rbi ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai 4 and Rbi 4 are

[164] In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R _ai ₂ and Rbi 2 are H, R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are H, R _ai ₂ and R _bi 2 are CH ₃, R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are CH ₃, R _ai 2 and R _bi 2 are CH ₃, R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are . In some variations, R _ai 1 is H, R _bi 1 is CH ₃, R _ai ₂ and R _bi 2 are CH ₃, R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai 1 is H, R _bi 1 is CH ₃, R _ai ₂ is H, R _bi 2 is CH ₃, R _ai 3 and Rbi.3 are ' ^¾ , and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are "^- .

[165] In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R _ai ₂ and Rbi 2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 are ' ^¾ d R _ai 4 and Rbi 4 are . In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are CH ₃, R _ai 2 and Rbi 2 are , R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are . In some variations, R _ai 1 is H, R _bi 1 is CH ₃, R _ai ₂ and R _bi 2 are "^- ^ , R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai.3 and R| bl.3 are , and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are . [166] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are H, and O

Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are r \ In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃

and Rbi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂

and Rbi.2 are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are '¾· In some variations, R _ai.i

and Rbi.i are CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[167] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are ^'¾·

and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ ^x . In some variations, Rai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 are CH ₃,

O 0

Rai.3 and Rbi.3 are and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are

0 0

CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi.3 are ^'¾· and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· \ In some

variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai.2 and Rbi.2 are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi.3 are r" , and R _ai.4

and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai.2 is H, Rbi.2 is CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and

0 0

Rbi.3 are ^'¾· ^ , and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[168] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai.2 and Rbi.2 are ^'^- R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 are O O

^'¾· and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾- ^\ In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are CH ₃, R _ai.2 and Rbi.2 are In some variations, R _ai.i is H, n

[169] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ¾ ^¾· ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are H, and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are

CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are 'T- ^ , R _{al 2} and R _bi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₄ and R _bi. ₄ are ' ^¾· ·? ^* .

[170] In some variations R _bi.i are ' \ ^¾¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ¾ ' ^¾¾ ^ , R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are H, and R _al.4 and R _bi.4 In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are "^- , R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₄ and R _bi. ₄ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and

R _bi i are ' ^¾ ^~ , R _ai -> and R _{bi 2} are " ^¾ , R _ai ₃ and R _bi ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₄ and R _bi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are - '¾ ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are 3 ' ^¾¾ , R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are H,

and R i 4 and R _bi 4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[171] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾· ^ , R _al. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃

are an _ai.4 an _bi.4 are w ⁰

[172] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ^'¾· <* R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are

⁰ V7

H, and R _ai. ₄ and R _bi. ₄ are In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ ^\ R _ai. ₂ and R i|bi.2 are

OO 00

'¾· ^ , R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i In

some variations, RR _aaii..ii aanndd RR _bbii..ii aarree '' ^¾¾ ,, RR _aaii.. ₂₂ aanndd RR _bbii.. ₂₂ aarree '' ^"¾ ^¾X·· <*\ R R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are H, and

R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are ^'¾· ^ [173] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are

' ^¾ , and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ' ^¾· ^\

0 O

[174] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are

O O

H, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ' ^¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are O 0

^'¾· r , R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i 0 0 0

are '¾· <*\ R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are '¾· R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are '¾· <*\ In

0 O

some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾· R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are H, and

0 O

[175] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾· ?~ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾· R _ai .3 and Rbi.3 are

, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are

[176] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are H, and R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ and

R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rb ₂ are

CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations, R _ai.i and

Rai.2 are H, Rbi and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[177] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾ , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _ai. ₂ and vv

R _bi 2 are CH ₃, and R _ai ₃ and R _bi ₃ and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 together are ^<■ . In some variations,

Rai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are 0

[178] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are '¾· and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃

and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'τ- ^ , R _ai. ₂ and

Rbi.2 are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^<· . In some variations,

Rai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^{^ <}· .

0 O

[179] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃

and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 together are ^<· . In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are , R _ai. ₂ and

Rbi.2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations,

O O

R _ai.i and Rbi.i are A ^'¾· ^ ₅ R _{al 2} and Rbi. ₂ are A ^'¾· *~ , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[180] In some variations, R _ai.i and are ' ^¾ R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are and R _ai. ₃ and

Rbi.3 and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are

[181] In some variations, R _ai i and R _bi i and R _ai ₂ and R _bi ₂ together are , and R _ai ₃ and

Rbi.3 and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and ¾ is 1

[182] In some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are both H. In some variations, R _a2 is H and R _b2 is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ . In

some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are A ' ^¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and h is 2

[183] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R _a2 and R _b2 are indicated as R _a2.i and R _b2.i and R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2, respectively. [184] In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _b2.i and R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H and each of Rb ₂.i and Rb ₂. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, R _a2.2, and Rb ₂.i is H and R _b2. ₂ is CH ₃.

[185] In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i is H and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 are · In some

variations, each of R _a2 1 and R _b2 1 is H and R _{a2 2} and R _{b2 2} are " ^¾ ^ · In some variations, each of

R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i is CH ₃ and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 are "^- . In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb2.i is

CH ₃ and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ .

some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i

is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and

Rb2.2 together are " ^¾ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are

' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ , and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^\ In some

0 0

variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are '¾· , and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are '¾· <*\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and is 3

[186] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _a2.i and Rb2.i; ¾2.2 and Rb2.2i and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3, respectively.

[187] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, ¾2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, bii, ¾2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i is H and each of R _a2. ₂, R _a2.3 _, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H and each of R _a2. ₃, Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, R _a2.2, and Ra2.3 is H and each of Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. [188] In some variations, each of R _a2 1, R _b2 1, R _{a2 2}, and R _{b2 2}, is H and R _a2 3 and R _b2 3 are ^

. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, ¾2.ι, ¾2.2, and Rb ₂.2, is CH ₃ and R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 are . In some variations, R _a2 1 is H and each of R _{a2 2}, Rb2 1, and Rb2 2 is CH ₃, and R _a2 3 and Rb2 3 are some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2.2 is H and each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH ₃, and

[189] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ .

In some variations, each of R _a2.i, ¾2.ι, ¾2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH ₃ and R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^ ^x . In

0 some variations, R _a2.i is H and each of R _a2.2, Rb2.i, and Rb2.2 is CH ₃, and R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2.2 is H and each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH ₃, and R _a2.3 and

b2.3 are '^

[190] In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb2 1 are "^- , R _a2 2 and Rb2 2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a23 and Rb23 is H. In some variations, R _a21 and Rb2 1 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 2 and Rb2 2 are "^- , and each of R _a23 and Rb23 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb2 1 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a22 and Rb2 2 are "^- , Ra23 is H, and Rb23 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb21 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a22 and Rb2 2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a2 3 and R _b23 is H. In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb21 are ' ^¾ , R _a22 and Rb2 2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a23 and Rb23 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb2 1 are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ is H, and R _b2.3 is CH ₃.

[191] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2.2 and Rb2.2 are and each of R _a2.3

and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2.2 and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· , and each

0 of R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 Ra2.3 is H, and Rb ₂.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are ' , ¾2.2 and Rb ₂.2 are

Rb2.2 are ^'¾· , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ ,

R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ' ^¾· * R _a2. ₃ is H, and R _b2.3 is CH ₃.

0 O

[192] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾· ?~ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾· and each of R _a2. ₃

O 0

and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· and each of

O 0

¾2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are '¾· ^ ^x , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^ ,

Ra2.3 is H, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· R _{a2 2} and Rb2.2 are

O 0

' ^¾· , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾· ^ , R _a2. ₂ and

0 0

Rb2.2 are ' ^¾· ^ , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾· ^ ,

R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ^'¾· <* R _a2. ₃ is H, and R _b2.3 is CH ₃.

[193] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 together are ^ , and each of

V\V

Ra2.3 and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 together are , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 together are % R _a2. ₃ is H, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 tog aeetthheerr aarree ' <- , aanndd RR _aa22.. ₃₃ aanndd RRbb22..33 aarree '' ^¾¾ .. IInn some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂

and Rb2.2 together are ' ^«· ^<· , and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and ¾ is 4

[194] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R _a2 and Rb2 are indicated as R _a2.i and Rb2.i; Ra2.2 and Rb2.2; Ra2.3 and Rb2.3; and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4, respectively. [195] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, ¾2, Ra2.2, ¾2, Ra2.3, ¾2.3, Ra2.4, and R _b2. ₄ is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2, Ra2.2, Rb2, Ra2.3, Rb2.3, Ra2.4, and Rb2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2, Ra2.2, Rb2, R _a2.3, and Rb2.3 is H and each of R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2, Ra2.2, and Rb2 is H and each of R _a2. ₃, Rb2.3, ¾2.4, and Rb2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2, ¾2.2, ¾2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _a2.4 and

R _b2.4 lS H.

[196] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, R _a2.2, and R _a2. ₃ is H and each of Rb2, Rb2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb ₂ is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₂, Rb ₂, Ra2.3, and Rb ₂.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb ₂ is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₂, Rb ₂, Ra2.3, and Rb ₂.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H, each of Rb ₂ and Rb ₂ is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H, each of Rb ₂ and Rb ₂ is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃.

[197] In some variations, R _a2 1 and R _b2 are H, R _{a2 2} and R _b2 are H, R _{a2 3} and R _b23 are H, and R _a2 4 and R _b24 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _a2 1 and R _b2 are H, R _{a2 2} and R _b2 are H, R _{a2 3} and R _b2 3 are CH ₃, and R _a2 4 and R _b2 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _a2 1 and R _b2 are H, R _{a2 2} and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a23 and Rb ₂ 3 are CH ₃, and R _a24 and Rb ₂ 4 are "^- . In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ' ^¾ ^ .

[198] In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb ₂ are H, R _a22 and Rb ₂ are H, R _{a2 3} and Rb ₂3 are , and R _a24 and Rb ₂ 4 are " ^¾ . In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb ₂ are H, R _{a2 2} and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _{a2 3} and R _b23 are ' ^¾ , and R _a2 4 and R _b24 are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _a2 1 and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _{a2 2} and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _{a2 3} and R _b2 3 are ' ^¾ , and R _a24 and R _b2 4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _a2 1 is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _{a2 2} and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _{a2 3} and R _b23 are ' ^¾ , and R _a2 4 and Rb ₂ ' ^¾ ^ . In some variation i is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are , and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are [199] In some variations, R _a2 1 and R _b2 are H, R _{a2 2} and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2 3 and R _b2 3 are ' ^¾ d R _a2 4 and R _b24 are In some variations, R _a and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _{a2 2} and R _b2 are , R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 are , and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are . In some variations, R _a2.i is

H, Rb ₂ is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂.3 are ¼ ' ^¾·¾ ^ , and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ' V ^¾¾ ^ .

In some variations, R _a2 1 and Rb ₂ are ¾ "^- , R _{a2 2} and Rb ₂ are ' 3¾ ^¾ ^ " , R _a2 3 and Rb ₂ 3 are ¾ ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ' ^¾ ^ \

[200] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are H, R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 are H, and

Ra2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ^'¾· * \ In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are H, R _a2.3 and

Rb2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are H, R _a2. ₂ and

Rb2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^ . in some variations, R _a2.i and

Rb2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and R _b2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 are A ' ^¾· ^ .

[201] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2 are H, R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 are A ' ^¾· and

Ra2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^'¾· *" . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃

O O

and Rb2.3 are A ^'¾· and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are CH ₃,

O O

Ra2.2 and Rb2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are A ^ , and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A '¾· ^ . In some

variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2 is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are A ^'¾· and R _a2.4 and

Rb2.4 are A ' ^¾· . In some variations, R _a2.i is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and R _b2.3 O O

are A and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^\ o o

[202] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are H, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are' ^¾ R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are

0 0 and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are'^ ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾·

O 0

Ra2.3 and Rb ₂.3 are ^'^- and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb ₂ is CH ₃, In some

0 0 0

variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are y ^'¾· <*\ R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are ^'¾· and R _a2.4

and Rb ₂.4 are ^ .

[203] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are "^- , R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂.3 are H, and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are CH ₃,

¾2.3 and Rb2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^ ^x . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are

[204] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2 are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are

H, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and R b| 2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and R| are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2 are "^- ₅ R _{a2 3} and Rb2.3 are H, and

R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 are ^ .

[205] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2 are "^- , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are w 0

' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ 0

[206] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are

H, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are O 0

^'¾· r , R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^'¾· . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 7 0 0

are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are ^'¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are H, and R _a2.4

[207] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^'¾· ^\

0 O

[208] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ?~ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are H,

O O

and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are

O O

'¾· r ₅ R _{a2 3} and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 O O O

are ' ^¾· R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ' ^¾· ^\ In some

0 O

variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are A ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are A ^'¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are H, and R _a2.4 and

R _b2. ₄ are A '¾

O O

[209] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are A ^'¾· , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are A ^'¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are O O

A '¾· r " , and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are A ^ .

[210] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are H, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are H, and R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 together are ^x . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2 are H, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are " ^«· . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ are H, Rb ₂ and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are ^{^} .

[211] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ and

Ra2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are '' ^««·· **·· .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR _aa22..ii aanndd RRbb ₂₂ a arree ''^^-- ,, RR _aa22.. ₂₂ aanndd Rb ₂ are CH ₃, and R _{a2 3} and Rb ₂3 and R _a2 4 and Rb ₂ 4 together are In some variations, R _a2 1 is

H, Rb ₂ is CH ₃, R _a2 2 and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2 3 and Rb ₂3 and R _a2 4 and Rb ₂ 4 together are

[212] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ^'¾· ? and R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 and

¾2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are . In some variations, R _a2.i is

H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _a2 2 and R _b2 are '¾· ^ ^x , and R _a2 3 and R _b23 and R _a2 4 and R _b2 4 together are

0 O

[213] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ^ ₅ and R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3

and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are ' <· *· . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are ^ , R _a2.2 and

Rb ₂ are '^- , and R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are . In some variations,

O O

R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are ^ " , R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ^ ^x , and R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together

[214] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ are "^- , R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ , and R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are .

[215] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂ and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂ together are ^ , and R _a2.3 and

V V

Rb2.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are . Variations of formulae (Ic-Ic.63) in which w is 2

[216] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, h is 0. In some variations in which h is 0, a first instance of h is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of h is 2. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[217] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, li is 1. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of I ₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of I ₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[218] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, li is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I ₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I ₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[219] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, h is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 0. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 2. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[220] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, li is 4. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 0. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 2. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 3. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[221] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0 ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0 ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0 ₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0 ₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0 ₂ is 4.

[222] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0 ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0 ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0 ₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0 ₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0 ₂ is 4.

[223] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, the two respective instances of R _c2 and R _d2 are distinguished in the description below as R _c2 and R _d2 and R _c2' and R _d2', respectively.

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, 0 ₁ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 1

[224] In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2' are both H. In some variations, R _c2- is H and R _d2' is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are . in

some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are ' ^¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, 0 ₁ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 2

[225] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which 0 ₁ is 2, the two instances of R _c2- and Rd _2' are indicated as R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2% respectively.

[226] In some variations, each of R _c2.r and R _d2.r and R _c2. _2' and R _d2. _2' is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.r and R _c2. _2' is H and each of Rd ₂.r and Rd ₂. _2' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.r, R _c2. _2', and Rd ₂.r is H and Rd2.2 _' is CH ₃.

[227] In some variations, each of R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.r is H and R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are . In some

variations, each of R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.i _' is H and R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are ^\ In some variations, each of

Rc2.r and Rd2.i _' is CH ₃ and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are . In some variations, each of R _C2.r and Rd2.r is CH ₃ and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are [228] In some variations, R _c2.r is H, Rd ₂.r is CH ₃, and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are ' ^¾ . In some

variations, R _c2.i _' is H, Rd ₂.r is CH ₃, and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, and

Rd2.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' together are ' <· ^<- . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and R _d2.r are

R _c2. ₂- and R _d2. _2' are ¾ "^-¾ . in some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are ¾ "^- ₅ and R _c2. _2' and R _d2. _2' are

O 0 0

^'¾· r . in some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.i _' are ' ^¾· and R _c2. _2' and R _d2. _2' are ' ^¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 02 is 3

[229] In variations, of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which 01 is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _c2.r and Rd ₂.is R _C2.2' and Rd ₂.2s and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3s respectively.

[230] In some variations, each of R _c2.i', Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3 _' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is H and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3 _' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r is H and each of R _C2.2', Rc2.3', Rd2.i', Rd2.2', and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and Rc2.2' is H and each of R _C2.3\ Rd2.i', Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rc2.2', and Rc2.3' is H and each of Rd2.r, Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH ₃.

[231] In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is R _C2.2S and Rd2.2s is H and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _C2.i _' is H and each of R _C2.2S Rd2.i _', and Rd2.2' is CH ₃, and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ . In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.i _' and Rd2.2' is CH ₃, and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ .

[232] In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is R _C2.2S and Rd2.2s is H and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

^'¾· r . in some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

In some variations, R _c2.i _' is H and each of R _c2. _2', Rd2.i _', and Rd ₂.2' is CH ₃, and R _c2.3' and O

¾2.3' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _c2.i _' and R _c2.2' is H and each of Rd ₂.i _' and Rd ₂.2' is

CH ₃, and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'^- ^ .

[233] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are ' ^¾ ^ " , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are " ^¾ and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are ' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ' ^¾ , R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ ^ , Rc2. ' and Rd2.2' are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are 2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations,

R _c2.r and R _d2. _r are R _c2. ₂- and Rd2.2' are R _c2.3' is H, and R _d2.3 _' is CH ₃.

[234] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are "^- , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and each of

W O

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are ¾ ^'¾ ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are Λ ^'¾· , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are "^- , R _C2.2' and

¾2.2' are ^'¾· R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ ^ , R,

and Rd2.2' are ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are —7 0

' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i' are , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. 0 o

[235] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.i _' are ^'^- , Rc2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are ^'^- ^', and each of

0 O

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.r are Λ ^'¾· ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are \ ^'¾· J ^ , and

each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are ^'^- ^', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are O O

^'¾· r , R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3 _' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are ^'¾· R _C2.2' and

O 0

Rd2.2' are ^ ^x , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are ^'^- ,

R _c2. ₂- and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i'

O O

are ^{' f}\ Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are <*\ R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃.

[236] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ^<· , and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are wv , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ^{^} , R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are , and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are . In some variations, R _C2.i _' and

Rd2.i' and Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ' ^<- , and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 4

[237] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _C2.r and Rd2.r; Rc2.2' and Rd2.2'; Rc2.3' and Rd2.3'; and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4%

respectively.

[238] In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2, Rc2.2s ¾2, Rc2.3s ¾2.3\ Rc2.4s and Rd2.4' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2', Rd2, Rc2.3% Rd2.3', Rc2.4% and Rd2.4' is In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2% Rd2, Rc2.3% and Rd2.3' is H and each of R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' is CH ₃'. In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2, Rc2.2s and Rd2 is H and each of R _C2.3s and Rd2.4' is CH ₃'. In some variations, each of R _c2.is ¾2, Rc2.2s ¾2, Rc2.3s and Rd2.3' is CH ₃' and each of Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' is H.

[239] In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rc2.2', and R _C2.3' is H and each of Rd2, Rd2, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃'. In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.2 and Rd2.3' is CH ₃-. In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.2S ¾2, d2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _C2.2' is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _C2. ₂' is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH _3', and each of R _c2.3' and R _d2.3' is CH ₃ .

[240] In some variations, R _C2.i' and R _d2 are H, R _C2. ₂' and R _d2 are H, R _C2.3' and R _d2.3' are H, and

Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are "^- . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _c2 1- and R _d2 are CH _3', R _{c2 2}- and R _d2 are CH _3', R _c2 y and R _d2 3' are CH _3', and R _c2 4- and R _d2 v are

[241] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ , and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are " ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2 are CH ₃', Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ ₅ and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _C2.i' is H, Rd2 is CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are "^- . In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH ₃', R _C2.2' is H, Rd2 is CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾ ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^"^- ^ . [242] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂' and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2.3' and R _d2. ₃' are

' ^¾ d R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are "^- . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are CH ₃', R _c2. ₂' and R _d2 are , R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' are , and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are . In some variations, R _c2.r is

H, R _d2 is CH ₃', R _c2. ₂' and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' are ' ^¾ ^ ^* ₅ and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are

' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are ^ , R _c2. ₂' and R _d2 are , R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' are

' ^¾¾ ^ , and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are ' ^¾¾ ^ .

[243] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂' and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' are H, and

Rc2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾ ^ · In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2. ₃' and

Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'^- ^\ In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and

Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· . In some variations, R _c2.i'

[244] In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are ^'¾·

O O

and Rd ₂.3' are ^'¾· and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ In some variations, R _c2.i' and R _d2 are

0 0

CH ₃', R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are ^'¾· ^ , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some

variations, R _c2.i' is H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃', R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are ^'¾· and R _c2.4'

R A2.y are and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are

[245] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are'^ , R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are O O

^'¾· ^r , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are CH _3', R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are

H, R _d2 is CH _3', R _{c2 2}- and R _d2 are

In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd

and R _P7 < and RH? are ^'¾· ^ .

[246] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are H,

⁰ 7

and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are

CH ₃', R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂

7 ⁰

are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ .

[247] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are

H, and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2.2' and R d, 2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _' and Rd ₂ are , R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are , R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are " ^¾ , R _c2. _2' and R _d2 are " ^¾ ^ , R _c2.3' and R _d2.3 ^r are H, and O

R _c2.4- and R _d2.4' are ' ^¾· ^ .

[248] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are "^- , R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are ' ^¾ R _c2.3' and R _d2.3- are and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are 7 0

[249] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are "^- , R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are ^'¾· R _c2.3' and R _d2.3' are

⁰ Γ7

H, and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and R _d2 are In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2

O 0

' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and R _d2 are ^ , R _c2.3' and R _d2.3' are CH ₃ , and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4- are ^ .

7 O

some variations, RR _cr22..ri _' aanndd RR _dd22 aarree '' ^¾^- ^ , , RR _cc22. ₂₂- _' aanndd RR _dd22 aarree ' ^¾ «<**\ RR _cc22.. ₃3-' aanndd RR _dd22.. ₃3-' aarree HH,, and

R _c2.4' and R _d2.4- are ^'¾· ^ \ 7 0

[250] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are "^- , R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are ^'¾· <*\ R _c2.3' and R _d2.3' are , and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4- are ' ^¾ .

O O

[251] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are ^'¾· <*\ R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are ^'¾· <*\ R _c2.3 ^r and R _d2. ₃- are

0 O

H, and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4- are A ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are A ^'¾· R _c2. _2' and R _d2 are O 0

A ^ , R _c2.3- and R _d2.3- are CH _3', and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4- are A ^'¾ *~ . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 0 0 O are A R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are A ^f\ R _c2.3- and R _d2.3' are CH ₃ , and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4- are A ^'¾· <*\ In o o

some variations, R _c2.r and R _di are A R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are A R _c2. ₃' and Rd ₂. ₃' are H, and

R _c2.4- and Rd ₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ .

O O

[252] In some variations, R _C2.r and R _d2 are A ^\ R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are A R _c2. ₃' and Rd ₂. ₃' are

O 0

A ^ , and R _c2.4- and Rd ₂.4' are A ^ .

[253] In some variations, R _C2.r and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂- and R _d2 are H, and R _c2. ₃' and Rd2.3' and

R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' together are In some variations, R _C2.r and R _d2 are H, R _C2.2 ^r and R _d2 are

CH ₃ , and R _c2. ₃- and R _d2. ₃' and R _c2.4- and R _d2.4' together are ' ^{¾ x} . In some variations, R _c2.i' and

Rc2.2' are H, R _d2 and R _d2 are CH ₃', and R _c2. _3' and R _d2. ₃' and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' together are ' ^¾ .

[254] In some variations, R _C2.r and R _d2 are H, R _C2.2' and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' and V

Rc2.4- and Rd2.4' together are 'T ^¾- . IInn ssoommee vvaariiiaattiioonnss,, RR _CC22..rr aanndd RRdd22 aarree ' ^{¾ ¾} ^ , R R _cC;2.2' and Rd2

are CH ₃ , and R _c2. ₃- and Rd2.3' and R _c2.4- and R _d2.4' together are In some variations, R _c2.r is H, R _d2 is CH ₃', R _c2.2' and R _d2 are ^ , and R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' together are

[255] In some variations, R _C2.r and R _d2 are H, R _C2.2' and R _d2 are A ^'¾· , and R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' and

Rc2.4 ^r and Rd2.4' together are In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are A R _C2.2' and R _d2

VVV

are CH ₃ , and R _c2. ₃- and Rd2.3' and R _c2.4- and R _d2.4' together are . In some variations, R _c2.i

is H, R _d2 is CH ₃ , R _c2. _2' and R _d2 are A ^'¾· and R _c2. _3' and R _d2.3' and R _c2. ₄- and R _d2.4' together are o o

[256] In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3'

and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.2' and

Rd ₂ are '^- , and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are . In some variations,

0 O

Rc2.i' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are

[257] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and , R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ and R _c2.3' and

Rd2.3' and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' together are

[258] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 and R _C2.2' and Rd2 together are , and R _C2.3' and

Rd2.3' and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' together are

Compounds of Formula (Id)

[259] Some compounds fall within formula (Id), which comprises linker (d):

^ wherein: X, Y, R _x, Ry, R, m m ₂, Vi, V ₂, R _Z, h, h, Oi, o ₂, w, n, ring A, R _ai, R _M, R _a2, R _b2, R _ci, R _c2, R _di, and Rd2 are as defined above for formula (I).

[260] In some variations, compounds of formula (Id) fall within one or more of formulae (Id.l)- (Id.63), shown below.

(Id.15)

(ld.20)

(ld.25)

(Id.30)

ĨId.35)

ĨId.40)

ĨId.45)

ĨId.50)

ĨId.55)

(ld.63)

Variations of formulae (Id-Id.63) in which w is 1

[261] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, h is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, h is 2. In some variations in which li is

0, h is 3. In some variations in which li is 0, h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[262] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1. In some variations in which li is 1, h is 0. In some variations in which li is 1, h is 2. In some variations in which li is

1, is 3. In some variations in which li is 1, h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[263] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, h is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, ¾ is 0. In some variations in which li is 2, ¾ is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, 1 ₂ is 3. In some variations in which is 2, ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[264] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, is 0. In some variations in which li is 3, is 2. In some variations in which li is 3, is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[265] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 4. In some variations in which li is 4, h is 0. In some variations in which li is 4, h is 2. In some variations in which li is 3, h is 3. In some variations in which li is 4, ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[266] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 02 is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 02 is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 02 is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 02 is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 02 is 4.

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 1

[267] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63), li is 1. [268] In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are both H. In some variations, R _ai is H and R _bi is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai and R _bi are " ^¾ ^ . In

some variations, R _ai and R _bi are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 2

[269] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R _ai and Rbi are indicated as R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂, respectively.

[270] In some variations, each of R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _bi.i and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of Rbi.i and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, R _ai.2, and Rbi.i is H and Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃.

[271] In some variations, each of R _ai.i and Rbi.i is H and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ■ In some

variations, each of R _ai.i and Rbi.i is H and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of

R _ai.i and Rbi.i is CH ₃ and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are "^- . In some variations, each of R _ai.i and Rbi.i is

CH ₃ and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂

7 OO

are "^- .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR _aaii..ii iiss HH,, RRbbii..ii iiss CCHH ₃₃,, aanndd RR _aaii.. ₂₂ aanndd RRbbii.. ₂2 aarree ''^ ^¾-· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ together are ' *· . In some variations, R _ai.i and

Rbi.i are "^- R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai. . _:2

0 0 0 and Rbi.2 are . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 3

[272] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _ai.i and Rbi.i; R _ai.2 and Rbi. ₂; and R _ai.3 and Rbi.3, respectively. [273] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, bi.2, ai.3, and b is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rb is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i , Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ai.i is H and each of R _ai. ₂, R _ai.3, R _bi.i, ¾L2, and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of R _ai.3, Rbi.i, Rbi.2, and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, R _ai.2, and Rai.3 is H and each of Rbi.i, Rbi.2, and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃

[274] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^

. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH ₃ and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are . In some variations, R _ai.i is H and each of R _ai. ₂, R _bi.i, and R _bi.2 is CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are

' ^¾ ^ " . In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of R _bi.i and R _bi.2 is CH ₃, and

R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are '^- ^ .

[275] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are ^ .

In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH ₃ and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are ^'¾· ^ . In

0 some variations, R _ai.i is H and each of R _ai. ₂, R _bi.i, and R _bi.2 is CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are v ^ . In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai. ₂ is H and each of R _bi.i and R _bi.2 is CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and

R _bi. ₃ are ^'¾· *\

[276] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are "^- , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi.2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _ai. ₃ and R _bi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi.2 are "^- , and each of R _ai.3 and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi.2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* ₅ R _ai.3 is H, and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi.2 are of R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are "^- , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₃ is H, and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃.

[277] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· , and each of R _ai.;

—> 0

and R _bi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾· and each

7 0 of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, Rai.i and Rbi.i are ¾ " ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾H· ^

Rai.3 is H, and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are

^'¾· ^ , and each of R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ai. ₂ and

Rbi.2 are '^- , and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are "^- ,

R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are R _ai. ₃ is H, and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃.

0 O

[278] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'^- , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are and each of R _ai. ₃

O 0

and R _bi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are , and each of

R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ,

Rai.3 is H, and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are

O 0

^,¾- ₅ and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are '^- , R _ai. ₂ and 0 0

Rbi.2 are ^ , and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'^- ,

Rai.2 and R _bL2 are R _ai. ₃ is H, and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃.

[279] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ together are ^ , and each of

R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ together are , and each of R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i and R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ together are *· , R _ai. ₃ is H, and Rb is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ tog ¾eetthheerr aarree aanndd RR _aaii.. ₃₃ aanndd RR _bbii.. ₃₃ aarree ''^^-- ^~ , . in some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 together are , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and h is 4

[280] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R _ai and Rbi are indicated as R _ai.i and Rbi.i; Rai.2 and Rbi. ₂; Rai.3 and Rbi. ₃; and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4, respectively.

[281] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R _ai and Rbi are indicated as R _ai.i and Rbi.i; R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂; Rai.3 and Rbi. ₃; and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4, respectively. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H and each of R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2 is H and each of R _ai. ₃, Rbi.3, R _ai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, ¾ι.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 is H.

[282] In some variations, each of R _ai.i, R _ai.2, and R _ai. ₃ is H and each of Rbi, Rb2, and Rbi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, and each of R _ai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, and each of R _ai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai.2 is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi.2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ is H. In some variations, each of R _ai.i and R _ai.2 is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi.2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ is CH ₃. [283] In some variations, R _ai i and R _bi i are H, R _ai ₂ and R _bi ₂ are H, R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are H, and

R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are H, R _ai ₂ and R _bi 2 are H, R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 are CH ₃, and R _ai 4 and Rbi 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R _ai ₂ and Rbi.2 are CH ₃, R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are CH ₃, R _ai 2 and Rbi 2 are CH ₃, R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 are CH ₃, and R _ai 4 and Rbi 4 are

[284] In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R _ai 2 and Rbi 2 are H, R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 are ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are H, R _ai 2 and R _bi 2 are CH ₃, R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are CH ₃, R _ai 2 and R _bi 2 are CH ₃, R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ ₅ and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are . In some variations, R _ai 1 is H, R _bi 1 is CH ₃, R _ai 2 and R _bi 2 are CH ₃, R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and Rbi 4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ai 1 is H, Rbi 1 is CH ₃, R _ai 2 is H, Rbi 2 is CH ₃, R _ai 3 and Rbi.3 are ' ^¾ , and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are "^- .

[285] In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R _ai 2 and Rbi 2 are ' ^¾ , R _ai 3 and Rbi 3 are ' ^¾ d R _ai 4 and Rbi 4 are ^ " . In some variations, R _ai 1 and Rbi 1 are CH ₃, R _ai 2 and Rbi 2 are , Rai.3 and Rbi.3 are ₅ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are . In some variations, R _ai.i is

H, R _bi 1 is CH ₃, R _ai 2 and R _bi 2 are '^- ^ , R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai 4 and R _bi 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ai 1 and R _bi 1 are ' ^¾ , R _ai 2 and R _bi 2 are ' ^¾ , R _ai 3 and R _bi 3 are ^ , and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are .

[286] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai.2 and Rbi.2 are H, R _ai.3 and Rbi.3 are H, and

Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai.2 and Rbi.2 are H, R _ai.3

and Rbi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai.2 O

and Rbi. ₂ are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are r\ In some variations, R _ai.i

and Rbi.i are CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ' ^¾· ^ .

[287] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are ^'¾·

and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are '¾· ^ ^x . In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are CH ₃,

O 0

R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are '¾· ^ \ In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are

0 0

CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are ^'¾· and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· In some

variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are ' ^¾· and R _ai.4

and Rbi.4 are ' ^¾· In some variations, R _ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ is H, Rbi. ₂ is CH ₃, R _ai. ₃ and

0 0

R _bi. ₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[288] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are' ^¾ R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are O O

^'¾· r , and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi.2 0 0 0

^V ^ ⁵

are ' ^¾· R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are '¾· and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are ' ^¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai.i is H,

0 0 0

Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai.2 and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾- R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are ^'¾· and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ ,

0 0 0 some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are Λ ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are Λ ^'^- Rai.3 ^and Rbi.3 are Λ ^'^- ^

and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^ ^x .

[289] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are H,

⁰ Γ7

and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ₅ R _{al 2} and Rbi. ₂ are O

CH ₃, R _ai.3 and R _bl. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ^ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are H, R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and R _bi. ₄ are ^'¾· ^ .

[290] In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are and R _ai. ₄ and R _bi. ₄ are '¾· In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are "^- <* R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are , R _ai.3 and R _bi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are some variations, R _ai.i and

R _bi i are ' ^¾· ^ , R _ai ₂ and R _{M 2} are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai ₃ and R _bi are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₄ and R _bi. ₄ are ^'¾· <^

In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ¾ ' ^¾¾ ^ , R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are H,

and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are ' ^¾· ^ .

[291] In some vaiiations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₃ and R bl.3

are and R _ai.4 an _bi. ₄ are v-7 ⁰

[292] In some vaiiations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ are R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are

H, and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are <*\ In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are ' ^¾ <* \ R _ai. ₂ and R _bi. ₂ ai O 0

'¾· R _ai.3 and R _bi.3 are CH , and R _ai.4 and R _bi. ₄ are < \ In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are < \ R _ai. ₂ and R _M. ₂ are ^'¾· R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ are H, and

R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 are A .

[293]

w ⁰

¾ , and R _ai.4 and R _bi. ₄ are A '¾· ^ . 0 o

[294] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are

O O

H, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are O 0

^'¾· r , Rai.3 and Rbi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i 0 0 0 are R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ? In

0 O

some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are H, and

R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^ " .

0 O

[295] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ are O 0

^'¾· r , and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[296] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are H, and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are

CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ai.i and

Rai.2 are H, Rbi.i and Rbi. ₂ are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[297] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ai. ₃ and R bl.3 and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 together are ' ^«· ^ .. IInn ssoommee vvaaririaattiioonnss,, RR _aaii..ii aanndd RR _bbii..ii aarree ,, RR _aaii.. ₂₂ and

Rbi ₂ are CH ₃, and R _ai ₃ and Rbi ₃ and R _ai 4 and Rbi 4 together are " ^{¾ <}· . In some variations, bi.i is CH ₃, R _ai.2 and Rbi.2 are ' ^¾ , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together

are

[298] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾· and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃

and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ai.i and R _bi.i are '¾· , R _ai. ₂ and

R _bi. ₂ are CH ₃, and R _ai. ₃ and R _bi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and R _bi.4 together are ' < ^■ . In some variations, O

Rai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH ₃, R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^{^ z} .

0 O

[299] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ' ^¾· ?~ , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾· and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃

and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· ^ , R _ai. ₂ and

Rbi.2 are , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations,

O O

R _ai.i and Rbi.i are ^r ' , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ^'¾ ^ , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^ ^

[300] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i are "^¾- , R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ are ' ^¾¾ , and R _ai. ₃ and Rbi. ₃ and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[301] In some variations, R _ai.i and Rbi.i and R _ai. ₂ and Rbi. ₂ together are % and R _ai. ₃ and

Rbi.3 and R _ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and ¾ is 1

[302] In some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are both H. In some variations, R _a2 is H and R _b2 is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ . In

some variations, R _a2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and li is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and h is 2

[303] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R _a2 and Rb ₂ are indicated as R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2, respectively.

[304] In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H and each of ¾ ₂.ι and Rb ₂. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, ¾2.2, and Rb ₂.i is H and Rb2. ₂ is CH ₃.

[305] In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i is H and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 are some

variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i is H and R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb2.i is CH ₃ and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are "^- . In some variations, each of R _a2.i and Rb2.i is

CH ₃ and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 7 O

"^- . In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are In some variations , R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 together are . In some variations, R _a2.i and

Rb2.i are "^- R _a2.2 and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , and R a2.2

0 0 0 and Rb2.2 are . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and h is 3

[306] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R _a and R _b are indicated as R _a2.i and Rb2.i; Ra2.2 and Rb2.2i and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3, respectively.

[307] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, ¾2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, ¾2.2, ¾2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i is H and each of R _a2. ₂, R _a2.3 _, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H and each of R _a2. ₃, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, R _a2.2, and Ra2.3 is H and each of Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃.

[308] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are

. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH ₃ and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are . In some variations, R _a2.i is H and each of R _a2. ₂, Rb2.i, and Rb2.2 is CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H and each of R _b2.i and R _b2. ₂ is CH ₃, and R _a2.3 and R _b2. ₃ are ' ^¾ <^ .

[309] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, ¾2.ι, ¾2.2, and Rb ₂.2, is H and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ .

In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH ₃ and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are ^'^- ^ . In

. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H and each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and

Rb2. ₃ are '¾

[310] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ ₅ and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ^ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are "^- , Ra2.3 is H, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ " ₅ R _{a2 2} and ¾2.2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ^ , R _a2. ₃ is H, and R _b2. ₃ is CH ₃.

[311] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are and each of R _a2.;

7 0

and Rb2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are and each

7 0 of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ Ra2.3 is H, and Rb ₂.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are ' , ¾2.2 and Rb ₂.2 are

^'¾· r , and each of R _a2.3 and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2.2 and

Rb2.2 are ^'¾· and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾

R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ^'¾· R _a2. ₃ is H, and R _b2.3 is CH ₃.

0 O

[312] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R _a2. ₃

O 0

and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· and each of

Ra2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ,

¾2.3 is H, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are

O 0

'T- ^ , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ^ , R _a2. ₂ and

0 0

¾2.2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· ^ ,

R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ' ^¾· R _a2. ₃ is H, and R _b2.3 is CH ₃.

[313] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 together are , and each of

V V

Ra2.3 and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 together are ' <- , and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 together are R _a2. ₃ is H, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 tog ¾eetthheerr aarree aanndd RR _aa22.. ₃₃ aanndd RRbb22..33 aarree '' ^¾¾ ^^ .. IInn some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i and R _a2. ₂

and Rb2.2 together are , and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are ^ . Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1

and is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and is 3

[314] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R _a2 and Rb ₂ are indicated as R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i; ¾2.2 and Rb ₂.2; ¾2.3 and Rb2.3i and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4, respectively.

[315] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, Rb2.3, Ra2.4, and Rb2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, Rb2.3, Ra2.4, and Rb2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, ¾2.2, ¾2.3, and R _b2.3 is H and each of R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, R _a2.2, and Rb2.2 is H and each of R _a2. ₃, Rb2.3, ¾2.4, and Rb2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 is H.

[316] In some variations, each of R _a2.i, R _a2.2, and R _a2. ₃ is H and each of Rb2.i, ¾2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₂, Rb2.2, ¾2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₂, Rb2.2, R _a2.3, and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H, each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _a2.i and R _a2. ₂ is H, each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH ₃, and each of R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ is CH ₃.

[317] In so s, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are H, and

Ra2.4 and Rb In some variati ₂.i and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are i _n some variatio R _a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are . In some variations, nd R _b2.i are CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 are

[318] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are ' ^¾ ^ . and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations R and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are CH ₃,

¾2.3 and Rb2.3 are . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb ₂.i is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb ₂.i is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ is H, Rb ₂. ₂ is CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are ' ^¾ , and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* .

[319] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ^ , R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^ d R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are , R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are , and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are . In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb ₂.i is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are ' ^¾ , and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are " ¾ ^¾ ^ , and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2. ₄ are \¾ ^ .

[320] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are H, and

[321] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are ^'¾·

and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ ^x . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are CH ₃, O 0

Ra2.3 and Rb ₂.3 are ^'¾ ^\ and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are

0 0

CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 are CH ₃, R _a2.3 and Rb ₂.3 are ^'¾· and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some

variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are CH ₃, RR _aa2 ₂. ₃ aanndd RRhb22. ₃ aarree ^ aanndd RR _aa2.4

and Rb2.4 are In some variations, R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ is H, Rb2.2 is CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and

0 0

are '^- , and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are '^- ^\

[322] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'^ ^ ₅ R _{a2 3} and Rb2.3 are O O

^,¾- , and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb:

0 0 0 some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are Λ ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are Λ ^'¾· ^ , R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are Λ ^'¾·

and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^ \

[323] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are H,

⁰ Γ7

and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are

CH ₃, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , Ra2.2 and Rb2.2 are H, R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· . [324] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾· ^ , R _a2.2 and R _b2. ₂ are "^- , R _a2. ₃ and R| b2.3

⁰ Γ7

are H, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. _; are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2.3 and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and

¾2.i are ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2. ₄ are ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ' ^Y ^ , R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are H,

and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are

[325] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₃ and b2.3

are ' ^¾ and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ 0

[326] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ' ^¾· < \ R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are

H, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ' ^¾ ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ ^\ R _a2.2 and R _b2.2 are

O 0

'¾· ^ , R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i —, 0 0

are "^- , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2. ₄ are ^\ In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ' ^¾· <*\ R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are H, and

R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are ' ^¾· < ^*\

[327] In some variations, R _a and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ^'¾· <*\ R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are , and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are 0 o

[328] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are A ^'^- , R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are A R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are

O O

H, and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are A ^'¾· \ In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are A ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are O 0

A , R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 are A ' ^¾· . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i 0 0 0 are A ^'¾· R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are A ^'¾· R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 are A ^'¾· In

0 O

some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are A ^'^- * ^" , R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are A R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are H, and

R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 are A ^'¾·

0 O

[329] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are A ^'^- , R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are A ^,¾- R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ are O 0

A ^'¾ r ₅ and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 are A ^'¾· ^ .

[330] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are H, and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ and

V V

¾2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are . In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂.2 are

CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and R _b2.3 and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 together are . In some variations, R _a2.i and

V V

Ra2.2 are H, Rb2.i and Rb2.2 are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are .

[331] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2. ₃ and R| b2.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are '^- *- . IInn ssoommee vvaaririaattiioonnss,, RR _aa22..ii aanndd RRbb22..ii aarree '' ^¾¾ ^ ^ ,, RR _aa2. ₂ and ¾2.2 are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2.3 and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are . In some variations, Rb2.i is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2. ₃ and Rb2. ₃ and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 together

are 0

[332] In some variations, R _a2.i and Rb ₂.i are H, R _a2. ₂ and Rb ₂. ₂ are '¾· , and R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃

and R _a2.4 and R _b2.4 together are ^¾ In some variations, R _a2-1 and R _b2.i are '¾· ^ , R _a2. ₂ and

Rb2.2 are CH ₃, and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are V In some variations,

R _a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH ₃, R _a2. ₂ and R _b2.2 are ^'¾· and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are

0 o

[333] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are '¾· <*\ and R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃

and R _a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are ^ In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are '¾· R _a2. ₂ and ¾ VV

Rb2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are . In some variations,

O O

R _a2-1 and R _b2.i are R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ^'¾· \ and R _a2. ₃ and R _b2. ₃ and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 together are

[334] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i are ' ^¾ R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ are ' ^¾ and R _a2. ₃ and Rb ₂. ₃ and R _a2. ₄ and R _b2.4 together are .

[335] In some variations, R _a2.i and R _b2.i and R _a2. ₂ and R _b2. ₂ together are ^ ^ _{^ an}d R _{a2 3} and

Rb ₂. ₃ and R _a2.4 and Rb ₂.4 together are "^- .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and / ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and oi is 1

[336] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above, o is 1. [337] In some variations, R _ci and R _di are both H. In some variations, R _ci is H and R _di is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _ci and R _di are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci and R _di are . In

some variations, R _ci and R _di are ' ^¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and h is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 2

[338] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _ci and R _di are indicated as R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂, respectively.

[339] In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of Rdi.i and Rdi. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, R _ci. ₂, and Rdi.i is H and R _di. ₂ is CH ₃.

[340] In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i is H and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are "^- . In some

variations, each of R _ci.i and R _di.i is H and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are '¾· ^ . in some variations, each of

R _ci.i and R _di.i is CH ₃ and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are . In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _di.i is

CH ₃ and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ .

[341] In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di.i is CH ₃, and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are "^- ^ . In some

variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ^\ In some variations, and

Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ together are . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are "^- . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ , and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ .

0 O

In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ' ^¾· and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ . Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1,

li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and h is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and oi is 3

[342] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3, respectively.

[343] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci.2, Rci.3, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _ci.3, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rci.2, and R _ci.3 is H and each of Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃.

[344] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are ' ^¾ .

In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are ' ^¾ ^ " . In some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci.2, Rdi.i, and Rdi.2 is CH ₃, and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _di.i and R _di.2 is CH ₃, and

. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _di.i and R _di.2 is CH ₃, and R _ci.3 and

R _di. ₃ are ' ^¾

[346] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi.2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are , R _ci. ₂ and R _di.2 are , and each of R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are "^- ^ , Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ' ^¾ , and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , R _ci. ₂ and R _di.2 are ' ^¾ ^ " ₅ and each of R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci.2 and Rdi. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₃ is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are and each of R _ci. ₃

7 0

11.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R _ci.3 and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, Rci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ^'¾·

R _ci.3 is H, and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are "^- ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are 'T- ^ , and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , R _ci. ₂ and

⁰ V7 R _di.2 are ^'¾· , and each of R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ' ^¾ ^ .

Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂ are R _ci. ₃ is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃.

0 0

[348] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ^'¾· ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ ₅ and each of R _ci. ₃

O 0

and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ^ ^x , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are '^- , and each of

O 0

R _ci.3 and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ^'¾· ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ ,

Rci.3 is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are

O 0

^'¾· r , and each of R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ^'¾· ^ , R _ci. ₂ and 0 o

R _di.2 are ^\ and each of R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ^'^- ^' ,

R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ^'¾· R _ci.3 is H, and R _d is CH ₃.

[349] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ together are " < ^■ , and each of

Rci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ together are ' ^«· ^<· , and each of R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ together are *· , R _ci.3 is H, and R _d is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ tog ¾eetthheerr aarree ^¾ , aanndd RR _ccii..33 aanndd RR _ddii..33 aarree ''^^-- ~ . IInn some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi.2 together are , and R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and h is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 4

[350] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _ci and R _di are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4, respectively.

[351] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rd2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rd2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾i, Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H and each of R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾i, Rci.2, and Rd2 is H and each of R _ci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rd2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 is

[352] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rci.2, and R _ci.3 is H and each of Rdi, Rd2, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi is CH ₃, and each of R _ci. ₂, R _d2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi is CH ₃, and each of R _ci. ₂, R _d2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H, each of Rdi and R _d2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H, each of R _di and R _d2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. [353] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are H, and

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are H, R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are

[354] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^ , and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are CH ₃, Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃ are ' ^¾ , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ' ^¾ , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are "^- . In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ is H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are , and R _ci 4 and Rdi 4 are

[355] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are

' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are

¾ ' ^¾ , Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃ are ¾ ' ^¾¾ , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ¾ "^- . In some variations, R _ci.i is H,

Rdi is CH ₃, Rci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾¾ ^ , R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are ' 3& ^¾ ^ , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are \ ' ^¾¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ¾ ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ¾ ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are \ ' ^¾¾ ^ , and R _ri and RHI 4 are ' ^¾ ^ . [356] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are H, and 0

R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _ci.3 and

Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and

R _d2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾·½ . In some variations, R _ci.i and

Rdi are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[357] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ' ^¾· and

R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃

0 0

and Rdi.3 are and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂

0 O

and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i

0 0 is H, Rdi is CH ₃, Rd. ₂ and Rd ₂ are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are ^ , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^- .

In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ is H, R _d2 is CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ^'¾· , and

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^\

0 O

[358] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾- , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ^'¾·

0 O and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are'^ ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are

0 0

R _ci.3 and R _di. ₃ are and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· <*\ In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di is CH ₃, In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are

and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[359] In some variations R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are H,

and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^ ₅ R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ' ^¾ ^

, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[360] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* _{5 cl 3} and R _di.3 are

H, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ R _ci. ₂ and R d w OO

' , Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ In some variations, R _ci.i anc are some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ , R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are H, and R _ci.4

[361] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are "^- , R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are w 0

' ^¾ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· ^\ 7 ⁰

[362] In some variations and Rdi are ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are ^'^- , R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

H, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are , R _ci. ₂ and R o o

'T- ^ , Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^ ^x . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi a w O 0

' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾· and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· ^ \ In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are , R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are H, and R _ci.4 and

R _di. ₄ are '¾

[363] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are ^'^- , R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are w 0

' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· ^\

0 0

[364] some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are

O 0 0 and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are '¾· ^ . in some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are '¾· R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are '¾· ^

R _ci.3 and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are A ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are

0 0 0

A Rci.2 and Rd ₂ are A ^'¾· R _ci. ₃ and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A ^'¾· ^\ In some

0 0

variations, R _ci.i and R _di are A ?~ , R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are A ' ^¾· R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are H, and R _ci.4 and

0 0

[365] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are A ' ^¾· R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are A ' ^¾· R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are

O 0

A ^'¾· r , and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are A ^'¾· ^\

[366] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are H, and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are ^«· . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, and Rci.3 and Rdi.3 and Rd.4 and Rdi.4 together are ' ^«· *· . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ are H, Rdi and Rd ₂ are CH ₃, and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are .

[367] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and

R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are ' <- .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR _ccii..ii aanndd RR _ddii aarree '' ^¾¾ ^^ "" ,, RR _ccii.. ₂₂ aanndd R _d2 are CH ₃, and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are ' ^«· . In some variations, R _ci.i is

H, R _di is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are

[368] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾· and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ^'¾· R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are CH ₃, and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are ' ^«· \ In some variations, R _ci.i is

s CH ₃, R _ci.2 and R _d2 are ' ^¾· and R _ci. ₃ and R _di.3 and R _d.4 and R _di.4 together are

0 0

[369] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ^'¾· R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾· and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃

and Rd di.4 together are *· . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are R _ci. ₂ and

R _d2 are and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and R _d.4 and R _di.4 together are . In some variations,

0 O

Rci. i are R _ci. ₂ and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ ₅ and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ and Rd.4 and Rdi.4 together

are [370] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ , and R _ci.3 and R _di.3 and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are .

[371] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di and R _ci. ₂ and R _d2 together are " < ^■ , and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4, h is 1, 2, 3, or 4, o; is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 1

[372] In some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are both H. In some variations, R _c2 is H and R _d2 is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, is 1, 2, 3, or 4, h is 1, 2, 3, or 4, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 2

[373] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _c2 and R _d2 are indicated as R _c2.i and R _d2.i and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂, respectively.

[374] In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of R _d2.i and R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i, R _c2. ₂, and R _d2.i is H and d2. ₂ is CH ₃.

[375] In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i is H and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are . In some

variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i is H and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ^'¾· ^ . in some variations, each of

R _c2.i and R _d2.i is CH ₃ and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are . In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i is

CH ₃ and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are "^- ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i

is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i and R _c2. ₂ and ¾2.2 together are " < ^■ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾ ^ " _{c2 2} and R _d2.2 are

' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are "^- ^ , and R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are ' ^¾· ^\ In some

0 O

variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾· , and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4,

¾ is 1, 2, 3, or 4, o; is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 3

[376] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3, respectively.

[377] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, dii, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rdii, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and each of R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, Rc2.3, Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of R _C2. ₃, Rd2.i, ¾2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rc2.2, and Rc2.3 is H and each of Rd2.i, ¾2.2, and R _d2.3 is CH ₃.

[378] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are ' ^¾ .

In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are . In some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are

' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and

R _c2.3 and R _d2.3 are ' ^¾¾ ^ . [379] In some variations, each of R _c2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd ₂.2, is H and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are

In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, R _C2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ are ^'¾· ^ . in

some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are ^ . In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and

Rd2. ₃ are *\

[380] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are "^- , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _C2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , Rc2. ₃ is H, and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are "^- , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are "^- , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ ,

R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are \ ' ^¾¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃ is H, and R _d2. ₃ is CH ₃. 7 0

[381] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are "^- , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are and each of R _c2. ₃

7 0

and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each

of Rc2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾·

Rc2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are

⁰ Γ7

^'¾· r , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ^,¾· ^\ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ' ^¾ ^ , O

R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2. ₃ is H, and R _d2. ₃ is CH ₃.

0 0

[382] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are '^- , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are , and each of R _c2. ₃

O 0

and R _d2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each of

O 0

R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'^- ,

O 0

^,¾- , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are '^- , R _c2. ₂ and

0 O

¾2.2 are ^'¾· * ^" , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾·

R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ^'¾· <*\ R _c2. ₃ is H, and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃.

[383] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 together are , and each of

R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 together are ^x , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 together are R _c2. ₃ is H, and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 tog |eetthheerr aarree ' ,, aanndd RR _cc22.. ₃₃ aanndd RRdd22..33 a arree ''^^-- .. IInn some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂

and Rd2.2 together are and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are '^- ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4, is 1, 2, 3, or 4, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 4

[384] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4, respectively. [385] In some variations, each of R _c2.i, ¾2, Rc2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, ¾2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2, Rc2.2, Rd2, Rc2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2, Rc2.2, Rd2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H and each of R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2, Rc2.2, and Rd2 is H and each of R _C2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2, Rc2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 is H.

[386] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rc2.2, and R _c2. ₃ is H and each of Rd2, Rd2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH ₃, and each of R _C2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH ₃, and each of R _C2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH ₃, and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH ₃, and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is CH ₃.

[387] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ .

[388] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are ' ^¾ , and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are "^- ^ . in some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are ' ^¾ , and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ is H, Rd2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are "^- , and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ \ [389] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are "^- , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are ' ^¾ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are "^- . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are

\ ' ^¾¾ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are ' ¾ ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are \ "^¾- . In some variations, R _c2.i is H,

R _d2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are \ ' ^¾¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are ¾ ' ^¾ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are \ ' ^¾¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are , and

[390] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and

R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and

Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and

R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· *" . In some variations, R _c2.i and

R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ .

[391] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are , and

R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾· . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃

0 0

and R _d2.3 are ' ^¾· and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾· . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂

0 O

and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i

0 0 is H, R _d2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are ' ^¾· ^ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . 0

In some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ is H, R _d2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are and

R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[392] some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2

0 O and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'^ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾·

00 00

R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'^- . In some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2 is CH ₃,

0 0 O

R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are J ^'¾·b ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are J ^'¾· b ^ , and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are J ^'¾· U ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are

[393] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are "^- , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are H, and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ ₅ R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃,

R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾

, Rc2.2 and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[394] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ¾ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ¾ ' ^¾¾ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are

H, and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and R _C2.4 and R _d2.4 are In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and R _c2.4 0

and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ .

[395] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* _{5 c2 3} and R _d2. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2. ₄ are ^ . 7 ⁰

'96] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾· R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃

, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾ R _c2. ₂ and R,

O O

'¾· r , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are

' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ^ ^x , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are '^- . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and R _c2.4 and

R _dA22.A4 are

[397] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are w ⁰

" \ ^¾¾ ^ , and Rc2.4 and R _d2.4 are A ^ .

0 0

[398] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾· R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are H,

O 0 0 and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are A ^,¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are J ' ^¾·U R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are J ' ^¾·U ^

, R _c2.3 and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are

0 u 0 u 0 u

A ^'¾· ^r , R _c2.2 and R _d2 are A ^ ₅ R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are A ^'¾· ^\ In some 0 0

variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ^'^- , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and R _c2.4 and

R _d2. ₄ are '¾

0 0

[399] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ^'^- , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are

O 0

^'¾· r , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\

[400] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are H, and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4

V\V

and R _d2.4 together are . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃,

V V

and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ are H, R _d2 and R _d2 are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are ^¾ .

[401] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are , and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and

R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are ^x . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are ' <· . In some variations, R _c2.i is

H, R _d2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ " , and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are

[402] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾· and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and

R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are \ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are R _c2. ₂ and R _d2

V V

are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are ' <· . In some variations, R _c2.i is

H, R _d2 is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ^'¾· and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are 0 0

[403] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂ are A '^- * , R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂ are Λ ' ^¾· and R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃

and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are " < ^■ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 are R _c2. ₂ and

R _d2 are '^- , and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are . In some variations,

0 O

R _c2.i and R _d2 are ' ^¾· R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 are ' ^¾· and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are

[404] In some variations, R _c2.i ₅ and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃

and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 together are

[405] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2 and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2 together are '^- ^<· , and R _c2. ₃ and

Rd2.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 together are

Variations of formulae (Id-Id.63) in which w is 2

[406] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of ¾ is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of ¾ is 2. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of h is 3. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0 ₁ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0 ₁ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0 ₁ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[407] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 1. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of I ₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of I ₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0 ₁ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0 ₁ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[408] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I ₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I ₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[409] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of I ₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of I ₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I ₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[410] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 4. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of I ₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of I ₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of I ₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I2 is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I2 is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I2 is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 01 is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 01 is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[411] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 02 is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 02 is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 02 is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 02 is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 02 is 4.

[412] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 02 is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 02 is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 02 is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 02 is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 02 is 4.

[413] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, the two respective instances of R _c2 and R _d2 are distinguished in the description below as R _c2 and R _d2 and R _c2' and R _dr, respectively.

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 02 is 1

[414] In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are both H. In some variations, R _c2- is H and R _d2- is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2' are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2' are . In

some variations, R _c2- and R _d2' are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 02 is 2

[415] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _c2- and Rd ₂- are indicated as R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. ₂s respectively. [416] In some variations, each of R _c2.r and R _d2.r and R _c2. _2' and R _d2. _2' is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.r and R _c2. _2' is H and each of Rd ₂.r and Rd ₂. _2' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.r, R _c2. _2', and Rd ₂.i _' is H and Rd2.2 _' is CH ₃.

[417] In some variations, each of R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.r is H and R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are . i _n some

variations, each of R _c2 1- and R _d2 r is H and R _{c2 2}- and R _d2 v are A ^ \ In some variations, each of

Rc2.i' and Rd2.i' is CH ₃ and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are "^- . In some variations, each of R _C2.r and Rd2.r

is CH ₃ and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are A ^'¾· ^ .

[418] In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃, and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some

variations, R _C2.i _' is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃, and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are A ^ . In some variations, and

Rd2 1' and R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 v together are . In some variations, R _c2 r and Rd2 r are

Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are ' ^¾ , and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are O 0 0

A ^'¾· r . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are A ^'¾· and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are A ^'¾· *~ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 3

[419] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _C2.r and Rd2.r; Rc2.2' and Rd2.2'; and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3', respectively.

[420] In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i-, Rd2.is Rc2.2s Rd2.2s Rc2.3s and Rd2.3 _' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is H and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.r, Rd2.i', Rc2.2', and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.i' is H and each of R _C2.2', Rd2.i', Rd2.2', and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _c2. ₂- is H and each of R _C2.3\ Rd2.is Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rc2.2s and R _C2.3' is H and each of Rd2.r, Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. [421] In some variations, each of R _c2 1-, Rd ₂ r, R _c2 r, and Rd2 ₂; is H and R _c2 3- and Rd ₂ 3' are

' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _c2 y, Rd ₂ is Rc2 v, and Rd _{2 2}s is CH ₃ and R _c2 3- and Rd ₂ 3' are

' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2 r is H and each of R _{c2 2}-, Rd ₂ v, and Rd ₂ τ is CH ₃, and R _c2 3- and

Rd ₂ 3' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _{c2 \}< and R _{c2 2}- is H and each of Rd ₂ 1' and Rd ₂ v is

CH ₃, and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are

[422] In some variations, each of R _c2.i', Rd2.i', Rc2.2', and Rd2.2', is H and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

^'¾· r . In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

r\ In some variations, R _C2.i _' is H and each of R _C2.2S ¾2.is and Rd2.2' is CH ₃, and R _C2.3' and O

Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.i _' and Rd2.2' is

CH ₃, and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾· ^ ^x .

[423] In some variations, R _c2 r and Rd2 1' are "^- , R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 τ are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _c2 3- and Rd2 3' is H. In some variations, R _c2 y and Rd2 1' are "^- , R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 τ are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _c2 3- and Rd23' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2 y and Rd2 1' are "^- , R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 2' are ' ^¾ , R _c2 3- is H, and Rd2 3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2 y and Rd2 1' are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂- and Rd2.2' are ' ^¾ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations,

R _c2.r and R _d2.r are R _c2.3' is H, and R _d2.3 _' is CH ₃.

[424] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are and each of

R _c2 3- and Rd2 3' is H. In some variations, R _c2 y and Rd2 1' are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 τ are ' ^¾· ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ ^ ^* ₅ R _c2. ₂- and ¾2.2' are ^'^· Rc2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are ' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2' 0

and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are W ⁰

' ¾ ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are Λ ^'¾· and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r

and Rd2.i _' are "^- , R _C2. ₂- and Rd2.2' are X Λ Rc2.3' is H, and R _d2.3' is CH ₃.

0 O

[425] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are ^'¾· , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are and

each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are ^'¾· R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are O O

^'¾· * ^" , R _C2. ₃' is H, and Rd2. _3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are ^'¾· R _C2.2' and

O 0

Rd2.2' are ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are ^'¾· ^ ,

Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.r O O

are 'T- <*\ R _C2. ₂- and R _d2.2' are '¾· ^?\ R _C2. ₃- is H, and Rd2. _3' is CH ₃.

[426] In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.i _' and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are

, and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are , R _C2. ₃' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' and R _C2.2' and RR _Hd22.22'' ttooggeetthheerr aarree , , aanndd RR _rC22. v ₃' aanndd RRdd22. v ₃' a arree '' ^¾¾ ^^ .. IInn some variations, R _C2.r and

Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are " ^>· , and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾· ^ ^v .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 4

[427] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _C2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _C2.r and Rd2.r; Rc2.2' and Rd2.2'; Rc2.3' and Rd2.3'; and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4%

respectively. [428] In some variations, each of R _c2.is ¾2, R _C2.2S ¾2, R _C2.3S ¾2.3\ R _C2.4S and Rd2.4' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2', Rd2, Rc2.3% Rd2.3\ Rc2.4% and Rd2.4' is CH ₃'. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2% Rd2, Rc2.3% and Rd2.3' is H and each of R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' is In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2, R _C2.2S and Rd2 is H and each of R _C2.3s Rd2.3', R _C2.4\ and Rd2.4' is CH ₃-. In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2, R _C2.2S ¾2, R _C2.3S and Rd2.3' is CH ₃' and each of Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' is H.

[429] In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rc2.2', and R _C2.3' is H and each of Rd2, Rd2, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃'. In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.2S ¾2, R _C2.3\ and Rd2.3' is CH ₃-. In some variations, R _C2.i _' is H, Rd2 is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.2S ¾2, R _C2.3\ and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _C2.2' is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _C2.2' is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH ₃', and each of R _c2.3' and R _d2.3' is CH ₃ .

[430] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are H, and

R _c2.4- and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2 are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are "^- . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2 are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _c2.i- and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are

[431] In some variations, R _{c2 \}< and Rd2 are H, R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 are H, R _c2 y and Rd23' are ' ^¾ , and R _c2 4- and Rd2 v are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _{c2 \}< and Rd2 are H, R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _c2 3- and Rd23' are "^- ^ , and R _c2 4- and Rd2 v are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _{c2 \}< and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _{c2 2}' and Rd2 are CH ₃', R _c2 3- and Rd23- are ' ^¾ , and R _c2 4- and Rd2 v are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2 1- is H, Rd2 is CH _3', R _{c2 2}- and Rd2 are CH _3', R _{c2 3}- and Rd23- are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2 4- and Rd2 v ^ . In some variations, R _c2 1- is H, Rd2 is CH _3', R _{c2 2}- is H, Rd2 is CH _3', R _{c2 3}- and Rd2.3' are ₅ and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are . [432] In some variations, R _c2 1- and R _d2 are H, R _{c2 2}- and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2 y and R _d23- are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2 4- and R _d2 4- are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2 1- and R _d2 are CH _3', R _{c2 2}- and R _d2 are ¾ ' ^¾ , R _c2 3- and R _d2 3' are ¾ "^-¾ , and R _c2 4- and R _d2 v are ¾ ' ¾ · In some variations, R _{c2 \}< is

H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃ , R _c2. ₂- and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are "^- ^ , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are

' ^¾ ^ " . In some variations, R _{c2 \}< and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _{c2 2}- and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2 3- and R _d23' are

\ ' ^¾¾ , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are \ ' ^¾¾ .

[433] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are H, R _c2. ₂' and R _d2 are H, R _c2.3' and R _d2.3' are H, and

Rc2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are A ^'¾· * \ In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.3' and

Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are A ^r\ In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and

Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are A ^'¾· <*\ In some variations, R _c2.i'

and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are A .

[434] In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are A ^'¾· ?

and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are A ^'¾· <*\ in some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are

O O

Rc2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are A ^'¾· ^ , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ . some variations, R _c2.i' and R _d2 are

CH ₃', R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are A ^'¾· ^ , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ . In some

variations, R _c2.i' is H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃', R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are A ^'¾· ? and R _c2.4'

and Rd ₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ ^v . In some variations, R _c2.i' is H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃', R _c2.2' is H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃', R _c2.3' and

O o

R, d2.3' are and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are A ^r\ O

[435] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are' ^¾ , R _c2.3' and Rd ₂. _3' are O O

' ^¾· ^ ₅ and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are In some variations, R _c2.i _' is

H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃ , R _c2. ₂- and and Rd ₂. _3' are ^'¾· <*\ and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· <*\

0 0 0

In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are J ^'¾· U

[436] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are H, and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· < ^*\ In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are

CH ₃', R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ' ^¾· .

[437] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are ^ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are

H, and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and R, ' , Rc2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· . some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ 0 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _{c2 2}- and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _{c2 3}- and Rd _{2 3'} are CH ₃', and R _c2 4- and Rd ₂ v are ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ¾ ₅ R _{c2 2}- and Rd ₂ are \ ' ^¾¾ , R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are H, and O

R _c2.4- and R _d2.4' are ^ ^x .

[438] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ ₅ R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are W 0

' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^ . 0

[439] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are "^- , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are

⁰ 7

H, and R _c2.-r and Rd ₂.4' are Λ ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are '¾ ^¾ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are

O 0

^'¾· r , R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.-r and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂

7 O 0 are "^- , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾· R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ' ^¾· ^ . in

7 O

some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are H, and

In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are

O O

[441] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾· R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are

0 O

H, and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are O 0

'¾· r ₅ R _c2.3- and R _d2.3' are CH _3', and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2 0 0 O are ' ^¾· R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾· R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ' ^¾· ^ . in

O O

some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are H, and

O O

[442] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.3' and R d, 2.3' are O 0

^'¾· , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^ .

[443] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are H, and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4- and Rd ₂.4' together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are ' ^«· *· . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rc2.2' are H, Rd ₂ and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are ^{^} .

[444] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and

Rc2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are ' ^«· *· . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ , R _c2.2' and Rd ₂

V V

are CH ₃', and R _{c2 3}- and Rd ₂ 3' and R _c2 4· and Rd ₂ 4' together are In some variations, R _c2 r is H, Rd ₂ is CH ₃', R _{c2 2}- and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2 3- and Rd ₂ 3' and R _c2 4- and Rd ₂ v together are

[445] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· ? and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and

R _c2.4- and Rd ₂.4' together are . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are CH ₃', and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are . In some variations, R _c2.i _'

is H, R _d2 is CH _3', R _{c2 2}- and R _d2 are '¾· ^ ^x , and R _{c2 3}- and R _d2 3' and R _c2 4- and R _d24' together are

O O

[446] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ^ ₅ and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ are ^'¾· R _c2.2' and

Rd ₂ are '^- , and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are . In some variations,

0 O

R _c2.i- and Rd ₂ are R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are ^ ^

[447] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and ' ^¾ R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ are ' ^¾ and R _c2.3' and

3- and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are Y

[448] In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂ and R _c2.2' and Rd ₂ together are ^ , and R _c2.3' and

Rd2.3' and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' together are Compounds of formula (le)

[449] In some variations, compounds of formula (I) fall within formula (le):

(le) wherein: X, Y, R _x, R _Y, R, mj, m ₂, Vi, V ₂, R _Z, n, oi, o ₂, w, ring A, R _ci, R _di , R _c2, and R _d2 are as defined above for formula (I).

[450] In some variations, compounds of formula (le) fall within one or more of formulae (Ie. l)- (Ie.63), shown below.

(le.1 )

(le.6)

ı62

(le.16)

(Ie.21)

(Ie.26)

(le.31)

(le.36)

(le.41)

(Ie.46)

(le.51)

(Ie.56)

(le.61)

(le.63)

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(I3.63) in which w is 1

[451] In some embodiments of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1, oi is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2- 3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some of these embodiments, o ₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[452] In some embodiments of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1, 0 ₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2- 3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1

[453] In some variations, R _ci and R _di are both H. In some variations, R _ci is H and R _di is In some variations, R _ci and R _di are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci and R _di are

some variations, R _ci and R _di are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 2

[454] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _ci and Rdi are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂, respectively.

[455] In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of Rdi.i and Rdi. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.i is H and Rd is CH ₃.

[456] In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i is H and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are "^- *" . In some

variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i is H and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of

Rci.i and Rdi.i is CH ₃ and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ' ^¾ In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i is

CH ₃ and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ^'¾· ^\

[457] In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di.i is CH ₃, and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are "^- . in some

variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di.i is CH ₃, and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ci.i and

Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ together are . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are '^- R _ci. ₂ and Rdi.2 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are '^- .

In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are di.2 are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 3

[458] In variations, of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _b are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃, respectively.

[459] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾ι.ι, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci.2, Rci.3, ¾ι.ι, ¾ι.2, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _ci. ₃, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rci.2, and Rci.3 is H and each of Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. [460] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾ι.ι, R _ci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are ' ^¾ ^ .

In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci. ₂, Rdi.i, and Rdi. ₂ is CH ₃, and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are

' ^¾ . In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _di.i and R _di. ₂ is CH ₃, and

^ .

[461] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi. ₂, is H and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are ^,¾- .

In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are ^'¾· ^ . in

some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci.2, Rdi.i, and Rdi.2 is CH ₃, and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _di.i and R _di.2 is CH ₃, and R _ci. ₃ and

R _d are '^

[462] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are "^- , R _ci. ₂ and R _di.2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* ₅ and each of R _ci. ₃ and R _di.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _ci.3 and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ' ^¾ ^ " , R _ci. ₂ and R _di.2 are ₅ Rci.3 is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi.2 are ' ^¾ ^ " , and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di.2 are ' ^¾ ^ " ₅ and each of R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ₅

R _ci. ₂ and Rdi.2 are \ ' ^¾¾ ^ , R _ci. ₃ is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. 0

[463] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ¾ ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are A and each of R _ci.3

7 0

and R _di.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are > '¾ ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are A ^'¾· ^ , and each of Rci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are A ^ ,

Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are

^'¾· r , and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , R _ci. ₂ and

⁰ V7

2 are A ' ^¾· , and each of R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ¾ ' ^¾

Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂ are A R _ci.3 is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃.

0 0

[464] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are ' ^¾· ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ , and each of R _ci. ₃

O 0

and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are ^ ^x , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are ^ , and each of

O 0

R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are A ' ^¾· ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are A ' ^¾· ^ ,

Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are A ' ^¾· ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ are

O 0

A ^'¾· ^ ₅ and each of R _ci. ₃ and R _di.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are A ^'¾· ^ , R _ci. ₂ and

0 O

Rdi.2 are A and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are A

R _ci.2 and Rdi. ₂ are A ^'¾· R _ci. ₃ is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃

[465] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ together are ' <· ^<· , and each of

Rci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ together are ' ^«· ^<· , and each of R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ together are , R _ci. ₃ is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂ and Rdi. ₂ together are ^¾ , and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are '^- . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i and R _ci. ₂

and Rdi.2 together are ' ^«· ^<· , and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are ' ^¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 4

[466] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _ci and Rdi are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4, respectively.

[467] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾i, Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾i, Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H and each of R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, and Rb2 is H and each of R _ci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 is H.

[468] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rci.2, and R _ci.3 is H and each of Rdi, Rb2, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci.2 is H, each of Rdi and Rb2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci.2 is H, each of Rdi and Rb2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃.

[469] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci.2 and Rb2 are H, R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are H, and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci.2 and Rb2 are H, R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci.2 and Rb2 are CH ₃, R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are CH ₃, R _ci.2 and Rb2 are CH ₃, R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ ^ .

[470] In some variati R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci.2 and Rb2 are H, R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci.2 and Rb2 are CH ₃, R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are ' ^¾ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are "^- , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are "^- , and R _ci.4 and R _di ' ^¾ ^ ^* . In some variation i is H, R _di is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are

[471] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are

' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are "^- . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are

\ ' ^¾¾ , Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃ are ¾ ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are \ ' ^¾¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i is H,

R _di is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are \ ' ^¾¾ ^ ₅ R _{cl 3} and R _di. ₃ are ¾ ' ^¾ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are \ ' ^¾¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ¾ ^¾ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' \ ^¾¾ , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are ' ^¾¾ ^ , and

[472] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are H, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are H, and

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are H, R _ci. ₃ and

R _di.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and

Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and

[473] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are H, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are and 0 0

and Rdi. ₃ are A and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A '^- . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂

0 O

and R _b2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are A ^'¾· ^ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i

0 0 is H, Rdi is CH ₃, Rd. ₂ and Rb ₂ are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are A , and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A '^- .

In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ is H, R _b2 is CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are A , and

0 0

R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are A *" , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are A ^'¾· . In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di is CH ₃,

0 0 0

variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are A ^'¾· R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are A ^'¾· R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are A ^'¾· ^ , and R _ci.4

and R _di.4 are A ' ^¾· ^ .

[475] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are H, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are H, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are A '^- ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ¾ ' ^¾¾ R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are CH ₃,

R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are A ^'¾· In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are '¾ ^¾ ^

> and Rb ₂ are H, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A ^ [476] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are

⁰ Γ7

H, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾· ^ \ In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are

' ^¾ ^ , Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾· In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are H, and R _ci.

[477] R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are 7 ⁰

78] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are R _ci. ₃ and R _di.;

, and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ' ^¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ' ^¾ R _ci. ₂ and Rb

O O

' ^¾· ^ , R _ci.3 and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are

W ^{0 0}

' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾· ^ ₅ R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ _{5 cl 2} and R _b2 are '¾· R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are H, and R _ci.4 and

1.4 are ^

[479] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾· R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are

W ⁰

' ^¾ , and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ' ^¾· . 0 0

[480] some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are '^- , R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾· R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

O O

and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ^'¾· R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are

Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^ ^x . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are

^'¾· R _ci.2 and R _b2 are ^'¾· R _ci.3 and R _di.3 are CH ₃, and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some

0 0

variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ^'^- , R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are H, and R _ci.4 and

R _di. ₄ are '¾

0 0

[481] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are '^- , R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

O 0

^'¾ r ₅ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 are '¾· *" .

[482] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are H, and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 and R _ci.4

V V

and R _di.4 together are . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _ci.3 and R _di.3 and R _d.4 and R _di.4 together are . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ are H, R _di and R _b2 are CH ₃, and R _ci.3 and R _di.3 and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are .

[483] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , and R _ci.3 and R _di.3 and

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are \ In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are ' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂

V V

are CH ₃, and R _ci.3 and R _di.3 and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are ' <· . In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi is CH ₃, Rci.2 and Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ , and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are O

[484] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are and R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 and

R _ci.4 and R _di.4 to )ggeetthneerr aarree ^' <- ^L .. I inn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, R K _ccii..ii aanndd R K _ddii aarree ^'¾ λ· R K _ccii.. ₂₂ aanndd R K _¾b2

V V

are CH ₃, and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are " < ^■ . In some variations, R _ci.i is

H, Rdi is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and Rb ₂ are '^- , and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are

0 0

[485] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are ' ^¾· R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾· and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃

and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di are R _ci. ₂ and

Rb ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are \ In some variations,

0 O

R _ci.i and R _di are R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ^'¾· and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are

[486] In some variations, R _ci.i aanndd RR _ddii aarree '' ^¾ ^ , R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾ , and R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ and R _ci.4 and R _di.4 together are

[487] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di and R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 together are ' ^«· , and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi.3 and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are ^

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 0 ₂ is 1

[488] In some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are both H. In some variations, R _c2 is H and R _d2 is

In some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are ' ^¾ ^ .

some variations, R _c2 and R _d2 are ' ^¾· ^ . Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 0 ₂ is 2

[489] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _c2 and R _d2 are indicated as R _c2.i and R _d2.i and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂, respectively.

[490] In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of R _d2.i and R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i, R _c2. ₂, and R _d2.i is H and Rd2. ₂ is CH ₃.

[491] In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i is H and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are some

variations, each of R _c2.i and R _d2.i is H and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of

R _c2.i and R _d2.i is CH ₃ and R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ' ^¾ In some variations, each of R _c2.i and Rd2.i is

CH ₃ and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 together are ' <- . In some variations, R _c2.i and

Rd2.i are "^- R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ and R, c2.2

0 0 0 and ¾2.2 are In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾· * ^" , and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 0 ₂ is 3

[492] In variations, of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3, respectively.

[493] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, dii, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, Rc2.3, Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of R _c2.3, Rd2.i, ¾2.2, and Rd ₂.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i, Rc2.2, and Rc2.3 is H and each of Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃.

[494] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are

In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, ¾2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ are

' ^¾ . In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and

R _c2.3 and R _d2.3 are ' ^¾ <^ .

[495] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 are A ^'¾· ^ .

In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are A ^,¾- ^ . In

some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and

Rd2. ₃ are A ^'¾· <?\

[496] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ¾ ' ^¾¾ , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are "^- , and each of Rc2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ " , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , Rc2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , a and Rd2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and ¾2.2 are of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and R _c2. ₃ is H, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. 0

[497] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ¾ ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are A and each of R _c2. ₃

7 0

and R _d2. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are > '¾ ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are A ^'¾· ^ , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are A ^ ,

Rc2.3 is H, and Rd ₂.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are

^'¾· r , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂.3 is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are "^- , R _c2. ₂ and

⁰ V7

2 are A ' ^¾· , and each of R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ¾ ' ^¾

R _c2.2 and Rd ₂. ₂ are A ^'¾· <*\ R _c2. ₃ is H, and Rd ₂.3 is CH ₃.

0 0

[498] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾· ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ' ^¾· ^ , and each of R _c2. ₃

O 0

and Rd ₂.3 is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ^ ^x , R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are ^ , and each of

O 0

R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are A ^'¾· ^ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are A ^'¾· ^ ,

Rc2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are A ' ^¾· ^ , R _c2.2 and Rd2.2 are

O 0

A ^'¾· ^ ₅ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are A ^'¾· ^ , R _c2. ₂ and

0 O

Rd2.2 are A and each of R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are A

R _c2.2 and R _d2.2 are A ^'¾· ^ , R _c2. ₃ is H, and R _d2. ₃ is CH ₃

[499] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2.2 and Rd2.2 together are " <- , and each of

R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2.2 and Rd2.2 together are ' ^«· ^<· , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 together are *· , R _c2. ₃ is H, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2.2 and Rd2.2 together are " < ^■ and R _c2.3 and R _d2.3 are some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i and

and R _d2. ₂ together are and R _c2. ₃ and R, d2.3 are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 0 ₂ is 4

[500] In vaiiations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _c2 and R _di are indicated as R _c2.i and R _d2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R _c2. ₄ and Rd2.4. respectively.

[501] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, _dii, Rc2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and R _d2.3 is H and each of R _c2. ₄ and R _d2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.ι? Rc2.2, and Rd2 is H and each of R _C2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _C2.4 and Rd2.4 i H.

[502] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rc2. ₂, and R _c2. ₃ is H and each of Rd2.i, ¾2.2, and Rd2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, and each of R _C2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and R _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, and each of R _C2. ₂, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and R _d2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H, each of R _d2.i and R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃, and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H, each of Rd ₂.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and each of R _c2.3 and R _d2.3 is CH ₃.

[503] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i ai-e H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ ai-e "^- ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are H, R _c2.2 and R _d2. ₂ are CH , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH , and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ are " ^¾ .

[504] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ are ' ^¾ , and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ are '^- . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are CH ₃, R _c2.3 and R _d2.3 are ' ^¾ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ are "^- , and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd ₂.i is CH ₃, Rc ₂. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ are ' ^¾ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾ . In some variations is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ is H, R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and ¾2.3 are ' ^¾ , and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 are

[505] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 are "^- . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are x "^¾- , R _c2.3 and Rd ₂.3 are ¾ '^¾- and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 are ¾ "^¾- . In some variations, R _c2. is

H, Rd ₂.i is CH ₃, Rc ₂. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are , and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2.4 are . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are

\ ' ^¾¾ , and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ¾ "^- .

[506] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and

Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and

¾2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and

2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and

Rdn are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[507] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2.2 and Rd2.2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are ^'^-

and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2.2 and Rd2.2 are CH ₃,

0 O

CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are ^'¾· , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· \ In some

variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd ₂.i is CH ₃, Rc ₂. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ are and R _c2.4 and

R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ is H, R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and

0 O

Rd2.3 are ^'^- , and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 are ^\

[508] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ^'^ R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are O O

^,¾- ₅ and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 are ^\ In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are In some variations, R _c2.i is H,

0 0 0

¾2.i is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are ^'¾· <*\ R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are J ^'¾·U ^ , and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2.4 are J ^'¾·U ^{f '}. In

0 0 0 some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are Λ ^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 areΛ ^'¾· R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 areA ^'¾· and

[509] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ ^* , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are H,

⁰ Γ7

and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are A '^- ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are¾ ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are

CH ₃, R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are A ^'¾· ^ . in some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , Rc2.2 and Rd2.2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . [510] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾· ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R, d2.3

H, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2.4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _{c2 1} and R _d2.i are "^- *~ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are

' ^Y ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^i¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^*¾ ^¾ ^\ R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ¾ ^¾ <* \ R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ are ^'¾· < ^*\ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and

R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^\

[511] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ 7 O

[512] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ^¾· R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are

H, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2.4 are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ ar

O 0

'¾· ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and R _d2. ₄ are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i —, 0 O are ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ^¾· ^ , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ are ' ^¾· In some variations and R _d2.i are ' ^¾ R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are , R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and w ⁰

[513] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are w ⁰

' ^¾ , and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2. ₄ are ' ^¾· . 0 o

[514] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ^'^- , R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. .;3 are

O O

H, and R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are

0 0 O

^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are ^'¾· R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂.3 are CH ₃, and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In

0 O

some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ^'^- * ^" , R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and

R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^ .

0 O

[515] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'^- , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are

O 0

^'¾ r ₅ and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[516] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are H, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 and

R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are

CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are . In some variations, R _c2.i and

V V

R _c2. ₂ are H, Rd2.i and Rd2.2 are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are .

[517] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ , and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 and

Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 together are \ In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are "^- , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are ' <· . In some variations, R _c2.i is

H, Rd2.i is CH ₃, Rc ₂. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are 0

[518] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are '^- , and R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ and

R _c2.4 and R _d2.4 together are . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are CH ₃, and R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 together are " < ^■ . In some variations, R _c2.i is

H, Rd ₂.i is CH ₃, Rc ₂. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are ' ^¾· and R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 together are

0 O

[519] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾· , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are ' ^¾· and R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃

and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 together are ' ^{«■ <}· . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ^ ^v , R _c2. ₂ and

Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 together are *· . In some variations,

O O

R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are ^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are ^'¾· and R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd ₂.4 together are

[520] In some variations, R _c2.i and R Rdd22..ii aarree '' ^¾ , R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2. ₃ and

¾2.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are

[521] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 together are , and R _c2. ₃ and

Rd2.3 and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2

[522] In some variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63), w is 2 and the two respective instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are distinguished in the description below as R _c2 and Rd2 and R _c2- and Rd2% respectively. Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 1

[523] In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are both H. In some variations, R _c2- is H and R _d2- is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are both CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are . In some variations, R _c2- and R _d2- are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 2

[524] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _c2- and Rd ₂- are indicated as R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. ₂s respectively.

[525] In some variations, each of R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.r and R _c2. _2' is H and each of Rd ₂.r and Rd ₂. _2' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.r, R _c2. ₂s and Rd ₂.r is H and Rd2.2 _' is CH ₃.

[526] In some variations, each of R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.r is H and R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some

variations, each of R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.i _' is H and R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, each of

Rc2.i' and Rd2.i' is CH ₃ and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are "^- . In some variations, each of R _C2.r and Rd2.r

is CH ₃ and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ .

[527] In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃, and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some

variations, R _C2.i _' is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃, and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are R _c2. ₂- and Rd ₂. _2' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.i _' are ' , and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are O 0 0

^'¾· r . in some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.i _' are ^'¾· and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are ^'¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 02 is 3

[528] In variations, of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which 01 is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _c2.r and Rd ₂.is R _C2.2' and Rd ₂.2s and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3s respectively.

[529] In some variations, each of R _c2.i', Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3 _' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is Rd2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is H and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is Rd2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3 _' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r is H and each of R _C2.2', Rc2.3', Rd2.i', Rd2.2', and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and Rc2.2' is H and each of R _C2.3\ Rd2.i', Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rc2.2s and R _C2.3' is H and each of Rd2.is ¾2.2S and Rd2.3' is CH ₃.

[530] In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is R _C2.2S and Rd2.2s is H and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ " . In some variations, R _C2.r is H and each of R _C2.2S Rd2.i _', and Rd2.2' is CH ₃, and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are , each of R _C2.r and R _C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.r and Rd2.2' is

CH ₃, and

[531] In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is R _C2.2S and Rd2.2s is H and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

^'¾· In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH ₃ and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are

CH ₃, and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^ . [532] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are ' ^¾ , R _c2. _2' and R _d2. _2' are ^ , and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂.i' are "^- , R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are , and each of R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.i _' are "^- , R _c2.2' and ¾2.2' are ' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂- and Rd2.2' are ₅ and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations,

R _c2.i _' and Rd2.r are ¾ ' ^¾¾ R _c2. ₂- and Rd2.2 _' are ¾ ' ^¾ R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3 _' is CH ₃.

[533] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.r are and each of R ' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ ^ ^* ₅ R _c2. ₂- and

Rd2.2' are , R,

and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are ' ^¾ , Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^ , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and R, A2.V are and Rd2.2' are R _c2.3' is H, and R _d2.3' is CH ₃.

0 O

[534] In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.i _' are R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'^- ^', and each of

0 O

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are ^'¾· ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and

each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are \ ^'^ ^X- J ^', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are o o

R _c2.3' is H, and Rd ₂.3 _' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r are R _c2. _2' and

O 0

¾2.2' are ^ , and each of R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' is H. In some variations, R _c2.i _' and Rd ₂.i _' are ^'¾· ^ ,

Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i'

O O

are Rc2.2' and R _d2. _2' are ^'¾· R _{c2 3} is H, and R _d2.3 _' is CH ₃.

[535] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are _anc[ _Q

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are "^- , and each of R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ^ , R _C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH ₃. In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and RRdd22.22'' ttooggeetthheerr aarree , , aanndd RR _rC22.3'' aanndd RRHd22.3'' a arree '' ^¾¾ ^ ^ " .. IInn some variations, R _C2.r and

Rd2.r and R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are .

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 4

[536] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _C2.r and Rd2.is Rc2.2' and Rd2.2s Rc2.3' and Rd2.3s and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4%

respectively.

[537] In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', Rd2.3', Rc2.4% and Rd2.4' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s ¾2.2S Rc2.3s ¾2.3\ Rc2.4s and Rd2.4' is CH ₃-. In some variations, each of R _C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s ¾2.2S Rc2.3s and Rd2.3' is H and each of R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' is CH ₃'. In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% and Rd2.2' is H and each of R _C2.3s Rd2.3', and Rd2.4' is CH ₃ . In some variations, each of R _C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2', Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is CH ₃' and each of R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' is H.

[538] In some variations, each of R _C2.is Rc2.2s and R _C2.3' is H and each of Rd2.r, ¾2.2S and Rd2.3' is CH ₃'. In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2.i' is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.2S Rd2.2', Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2.i' is CH ₃', and each of R _C2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.r and R _C2.2' is H, each of Rd2.i _' and Rd2.2' is CH ₃', and each of Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i _' and R _c2.2' is H, each of Rd ₂.r and Rd ₂.2' is CH ₃', and each of R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' is CH ₃'.

[539] In some variatio ₂.i' and Rd ₂.i' are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are H, R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are H, and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are . In some variation _' and Rd ₂.r are H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are H,

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are . i _n some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are

H, Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4'

[540] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are H, R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are

' ^¾ ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.i _' are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ¾ ' ^¾ ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are - '¾ ^¾ . In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.i' are CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃', R _C2.2' is H,

Rd2.2' is CH ₃ , Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' are ¾ ' ^¾¾ ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ¾ "^-¾ ^ .

[541] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are "^- ^ ₅ R _c23' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i _' are CH ₃', R _C2.2' and

¾2.2' are ¾ , R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' are ¾ ' ^¾¾ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ¾ ' ^¾¾ ^ . in some variations, Rc2.r is H, Rd2.i' is CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are "^- ^ , R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd ₂.4- are "^- ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are " ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are ¾ "^-¾ ^ , and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ¾ ' ^¾¾

[542] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.i _' are H, R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are H, R _c2. _3' and Rd ₂. _3' are H,

and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.i _' are H, R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are H,

H, R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are CH ₃', R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' are CH ₃', and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂.i' are CH ₃', R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are CH ₃', R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4'

[543] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are H, R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' are ^ ^x

, and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.i' are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are

0 0

CH ₃', R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _C2.r and

O O

Rd2.r are CH ₃ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH ₃ , R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' are , and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are .

In some variations, R _C2.i _' is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH ₃', R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ,

and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^ . In some variations, R _C2.r is H, Rd2.i _' is CH ₃', R _C2.2' is H, Rd2.2' is

CH ₃ , R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' are

[544] In some variations, R _C2.i _' and Rd2.r are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'^ ^ , R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' are

O O

A 'T- r , and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.i' are CH ₃', R _C2.2' and Rd2.2'

O 0

H, R _d2. _r is CH ₃ , R _c2. ₂- and R _d2. ₂- are' *- \ R _c2. ₃- and R _d2. ₃- are <?\ and R _c2. ₄- and R _d2. ₄- an O 0 0

' ^¾ <*\ In some variations, R _c2.i _' and R _d2.i' are ' ^¾ ^\ R _c2. _2' and R _d2. ₂- are ^\ R _c2. ₃' and R, O O

are ^"¾· ^\ and R,.7 _4' and RH2 -T are ^'¾· \

[545] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.i _' are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂- and R _d2. ₂- are H, R _c2. _3' and R _d2. _3' are

H, and R _c2.-r and R _D2.4- are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i _' and R _d2.i ^r are ^'¾ , R _c2. ₂' and R _d2. ₂'

are CH _3', R _c2. ₃- and R _D2. ₃- are CH _3', and R _c2. ₄- and R _d2. ₄- are ' ^¾ \ In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd2.r are <^ , R _c2. _2' and R _d2. ₂- are H, R _C2. ₃- and R _d2. _3' are CH ₃', and R _C2.4' and R _d2. ₄- are ^'¾· ^ .

[546] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.i _' are " ^¾ ^ , R _c2. _2' and R _d2. ₂' are ^ , R _c2. ₃' and R _D2.3 are H, and R _c2. ₄- and R _D2.4' are < \ In some variations, R _c2.i _' and R _d2.i' are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂- and

Rd2.2- are <^ , R _C2. _3' and R _d2. ₃- are CH ₃ , and R _C2. ₄' and R _d2.4' are ^'¾· . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.i _' are ^ , R _c2.2' and R _d2.2' are ' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.3' and R _d2. ₃' are CH ₃ , and R _C2.4' and

Rd2.4' are ' ^¾· ^ . In some variations, R _C2.r and R _d2.r are ' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2' and R _d2.2' are ^'¾ ^ , R _C2.3' and R _D2.3' are H, and R _C2.4' and R _D2.4' are

[547] In some variations, R _C2.r and R _D2.r are " ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2' and R _D2.2' are ' ^¾ , R _C2.3' and R _D2.3

are ^'¾· <^ . [548] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂' and R _d2. ₂' are ^ , R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' are H, and R _c2 - and R _d2. - are '¾· In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are ' ^Y ? , R _c2. ₂' and

Rd2.2' are R _c2. ₃- and R _d2. _3' are CH ₃ , and R _c2. _4' and R _d2. ₄- are \ In some vaiiations, R _c2.i and R _d2. _r are In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃'

are H, and R _c2. _4' and R _d2. ₄- are ^'¾· ^ .

[549] In some variations, R _c2. _r and R _d2.r are ' ^¾ ^ , R _c2. ₂- and R _d2.r are ^ , R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃'

are < ^*\

0 0

R _c2.r and R _d2. _r are ' ^¾· ^ , R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. _2' are ' ^¾· ^ . R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' are H, and R _{c2 4}- and R _d2. ₄- are In some valuations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are ^"¾· R _c2. ₂- and

Rd2.2' are , R _c2. _3' and R _d2. ₃- are CH _3', and R _c2.4' and R _d2. ₄- are ^'¾· \ In some variations, R _c2. and R _d2.i _' are A , R _c2.r and R _d2. ₂- are A R _c2. _3' and R _d2. _3' are CH ₃ , and R _c2 - and R _d2. ₄- are R _c2. ₃- and R _d2. ₃-

are H, and R _c2. _4' and R _d2. ₄- are ^'¾· ^ ^* .

0 0

[551] In some variations, R _{c2 r} and R _d2. _r are ^ , R _{c2 2}- and R _d2. are ^'¾· ^ , R _c2. ₃- and R _d2. ₃-

O O

are ' ^¾· ^ , and R _c2. _4' and R _d2. ₄- are ^,¾- * \ [552] In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are H, R _c2. ₂' and R _d2. ₂' are H, and R _c2.3' and R _d2.3' and

R _c2.4- and R _d2.4' together are ' ^«· . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _d2.r are H, R _c2. ₂' and R _d2. ₂' are CH ₃', and R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' together are . In some variations, R _c2.r and R _c2. ₂' are H, R _d2.r and R _d2. ₂' are CH ₃', and R _c2. ₃' and R _d2. ₃' and R _c2.4' and R _d2.4' together are

[553] In some variations, R _c2.i' and Rd ₂.i' are H, R _c2. ₂' and Rd ₂. ₂' are ' ^¾ , and R _c2. ₃' and R, d2.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are . IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR _cc22..ii'' aanndd RRdd ₂₂..ii'' aarree '' ^¾¾ ^ ^ ,, RR _cc2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are CH ₃', and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are ^<· . In some variations, R _c2.i' is i' is CH ₃', R _c2.2' and Rd ₂.2' are ' ^¾ , and R _c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and

Rd2.4' together are

[554] In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.r are H, R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾ and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3'

and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' together are In some variations, R _C2.r and Rd2.i' are ^'¾· , R _C2.2' ani

V V

Rd2.2' are CH ₃', and R _C2. ₃' and Rd2.3' and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' together are \ In some variations,

R _c2.i- is H, R _d2.i' is CH ₃ , R _c22- and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· \ and R _c2. ₃- and Rd2.3' and R _c2. ₄- and Rd2.4' together are

0 0

[555] In some variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.i' are ^ , R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'^- , and R €, 2.3- and

¾ ₂.3' and R _C2.4' and R _d2.4' together are " < ^■ . In some variations, R _C2.i' and R _d2.i' are ^'¾· ^ R _c2. ₂- and Rd2.2' are '^- , and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' and R _C2.4' and Rd2.4' together are . In some

O 0

variations, R _C2.i' and Rd2.i' are ^'¾· R _C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and R _C2.3' and Rd2.3' and R _C2.4' and R _d2.4' together are '^ ^¾ [556] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r are ' ^¾ , R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' are ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.3' and

3- and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are

[557] In some variations, R _c2.r and Rd ₂.r and R _c2. _2' and Rd ₂. _2' together are ' ^«· , and R, c2.3' and Rd ₂.3' and R _c2.4' and Rd ₂.4' together are

Compounds of formula (If)

[558] In some variations, compounds of formula (I) fall within formula (If):

(If) wherein: X, Y, R _x, R _Y, R, m ₂ Vi, V¾ Rz, w, o^, o ₂, ring A, T, Ui, R _d, R _di, and U ₂ are as defined above for formula (I).

[559] In some variations, compounds of formula (If) fall within one or more of formulae (If.1)- (If.63), shown below.

(lf.2)

(If 8)

203

(lf.20)

Ġ Ĩlf.26)

(lf.32)

(lf.38)

(If.44)

(lf.50)

(lf.55)

(If 61)

(lf.63)

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1

[560] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -C(=0)NH-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -NH(C=0)-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -C(=0)-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -S-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -0-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -NH-. In some variations of formulae (If)- (If.63), T is -S(=0)-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -S(=0) ₂NH-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -NHS(=0) ₂-.

[561] In some of these variations, ot is 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-8. 6-7, 7-8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

[562] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[563] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[564] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N- In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[565] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R _ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[566] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, 02 is 1-8, 1-

7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-

8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-8. 6-7, 7-8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

[567] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -S-.

[568] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -S-.

[569] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-- In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -S-. [570] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd ₂)-- In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd ₂)-- In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd ₂)-- In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U ₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-- In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U ₂ is -S-.

[571] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first Ui, a second Ui, a third Ui, a fourth Ui, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth Ui is -C(RciRdi)-, Rci and Rdi independently are H or CH ₃.

[572] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a i, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth

[573] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first Ui, a second Ui, a third Ui, a fourth Ui, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth

-C(RciRdi)-, Rci and Rdi are

[574] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first Ui, a second Ui, a third Ui, a fourth Ui, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth

Ui is -C(RciRdi)-, two of CRciRdi are

[575] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U ₂, a second U ₂, a third U ₂, a fourth U ₂, a fifth U ₂, a sixthU ₂, a seventh U ₂, and/or an eighth U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd ₂)-, Rc2 and Rd2 independently are H or CH ₃. [576] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U ₂, a second U ₂, a third U ₂, a fourth U ₂, a fifth U ₂, a sixthU ₂, a seventh U ₂, and/or an eighth

-C(R _c2R _d2)-, R _c2 and R _d2 are

[577] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U ₂, a second U ₂, a third U ₂, a fourth U ₂, a fifth U ₂, a sixthU ₂, a seventh U ₂, and/or an eighth U ₂

is -C(R _c2R _d2)-, R _c2 and R _d2 are ' ^¾· ^ .

[578] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U ₂, a second U ₂, a third U ₂, a fourth U ₂, a fifth U ₂, a sixthU ₂, a seventh U ₂, and/or an eighth

U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-, two of CR _c2R _d2 are .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and one Ui is -C(R _ciR _di)-

[579] In some variations, R _ci and R _di are both H. In some variations, R _ci is H and R _di is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _ci and R _di are both CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ciR _di)- is ' ^ . In some

variations, -C(R _ciR _di)- is

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and two Ui are -C(R _ciR _di)-

[580] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _ci and R _di are indicated as R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂, respectively.

[581] In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _di.i and R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _di.i and R _di. ₂ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, R _ci. ₂, and R _di.i is H and Rd is CH ₃.

[582] In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i is H and -C(R _ci. ₂R _di. ₂)- is ' ^¾ ^ . In some

variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i is H and -C(R _ci. ₂R _di. ₂)- is ^'¾· ^ \ In some variations, each of Rci.i and Rdi.i is CH ₃ and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is . In some variations, each of R _ci.i and Rdi.i is

CH ₃ and -C(Rei. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^'¾·

[583] In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ' ^¾ ^ . In some

variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^ . In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^•and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ' ^{¾ <}· . In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is

' ^¾ and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ' ^¾ . In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ and

O 0 0

-C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾ ^\ and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and three Ui are -C(R _ciRdi)-

[584] In variations, of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃, respectively.

[585] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾ι.ι, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci.2, Rci.3, ¾ι.ι, ¾ι.2, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _ci. ₃, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rci.2, and Rci.3 is H and each of Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃.

[586] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3

In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾ι.ι, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and R _ci. ₃ and Rdi.3 are some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci.2, Rdi.i, and Rdi.2 is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi. ₃ )- is . In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _di.i and R _di. ₂ is CH ₃, and -

[587] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi. ₃)- is ^'¾· ^ .

In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH ₃ and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- is ^\ In

0 some variations, R _ci.i is H and each of R _ci.2, Rdi.i, and Rdi.2 is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi. ₃)- is ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H and each of R _di.i and R _di.2 is CH ₃, and

-C(R _cl. ₃Rdi. ₃)- is ^'¾

[588] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ' ^¾ and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ , -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is e ' ^¾ and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ , -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- is ' ^¾ ^ , Rci.3 is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is "^- -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- is ' ^¾ , and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ , -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is

\ ' ^¾¾ ^ " , and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ¾ ' ^¾ ^ , -

C(Rei. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^ , Rci.3 is H, and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃.

V7 0

[589] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ and each of R _ci. ₃

W 0

and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ¾ "^- , -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- isA ⁱ* ^v , and each of

w ⁰ R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ ^ ^* , -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ R _ci. ₃

W 0 is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- is ^'^- *" , and O each of R _ci.3 and R _di.3 is H. In some variations, -C(Rd.iRdi.i)- is ^ , -C(R _ci. ₂R _di.2)- is \ and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ , -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is O

^'¾ ^ , Rci.3 is H, and R _dl. ₃ is CH ₃.

O 0

[590] In some variations, -C(Rd.iRdi.i)- is -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^ , and each of R _ci.3

0 0

and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^ , -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^ , and each of

0 0

R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is R _ci.3

0 0 is H, and Rd is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^'^- , and

0 O each of R _ci.3 and Rd is H. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is

and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^\ -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- is O

^¾ ^ , Rci.3 is H, and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃.

[591] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- together are ' ^«· and each of

Rci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- together are " ^{¾ ¾} , and each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- together are R _ci.3 is H, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- and

-C(R _ci. ₂R _di. ₂)- together are and -C(R _ci. ₃R _di. ₃)- is '^- . In some variations,

-C(Rci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- together are and -C(Rei. ₃Rdi. ₃)- is ^ Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and four Ui are -C(R _ciRdi)-

[592] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _ci and R _di.i are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4, respectively.

[593] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i _? Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾ι.ι> Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3, ¾i.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i _> Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H and each of R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i _? Rci.2, and Rb2 is H and each of R _ci. ₃, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i _? Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 is H.

[594] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rci.2, and R _ci. ₃ is H and each of Rdi.i _? ¾2, and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, and each of R _ci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H, each of Rdi.i and Rb2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is H. In some variations, each of R _ci.i and R _ci. ₂ is H, each of R _di.i and Rb2 is CH ₃, and each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi.3 is CH ₃.

[595] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb2 are H, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are H, and - C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb2 are H, R _ci. ₃ and R _di.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- is ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- is ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and Rdi.2 are CH ₃, R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ' ^¾ ^ .

[596] In some and Rdi.i are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb2 are H, -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- is and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, R _ci. ₂ and Rb2 are CH ₃, -

C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- is ' ^¾ , and -C(R _ci.4Rdi. - is ' ^¾ . In some variatio i.i and Rdi.i are CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and Rb2 are CH ₃, -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- is , and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is . In some variations, R _ci.1 is H, R _di.i is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are CH ₃, -C(R _ci. ₃R _di.3)- is ' ^¾ ^ , and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- is 'T- . In some variations, R _ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ is H, Rb2 is CH ₃, -C(R _ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^ , and -C(Rei. ₄Rdi. ₄)- is ^ .

[597] In some valuations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^'¾ ^\ -C(R _ci.3Rdi.3)- is

. In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are CH , -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is .i variations, each of -C(R _ci.iRdi.ih -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)-, -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)-, and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi.4)- is ^'¾ ^ .

[598] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, ¾ι.ι> Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3. and R _di.3 is H, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i _> Rci.2, and Rb2, each of R _ci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃,

and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- is ■ In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, each of R _ci.2, ¾2, Rci.3,

and R _di.3 is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi.4)- is ^'¾ ^ . In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, Rb2,

Rci.3, and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi.4)- is ^'¾ ^ .

[599] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R _ci.2 and Rb2 are H, -C(R _ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^,¾- ^f\ and

O O

C(R _ci. ₃R _di. ₃)- is f and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- is In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are CH ₃,

0 O

R _ci.2 and R _b2 are CH ₃, -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- is ^'¾ \ and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi.4)- is ^fMn some variations, 0

Rci.1 is H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are CH ₃, -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- is and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi.4)- is O

^'¾· ^r . In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di.i is CH ₃, R _ci. ₂ is H, R _di. ₂ is CH ₃, -C(R _ci. ₃R _di. ₃)- is o o

[600] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, -C(R _ci. ₂R _di. ₂)- is ^'^- ^ , -C(R _ci. ₃R _di. ₃)- is

0 O and -C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- is ^,¾- In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i are CH ₃, -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^,¾- ^\

0 O

-C(R _ci. ₃R _di. ₃)- is ^'¾· and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi. ₄)- is ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R _ci.i is H, R _di.i is CH ₃,

-C(Rei. ₂Rdi.2)- is In some variations,

each of -CCRd.iRdLiK -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)-, -C(R _cl. ₃R _di. ₃)-, and -C(R _cl. ₄R _di.4)- is ^'¾ 1] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ , each of R _ci. ₂, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and Rdi. ₃ is H, and , each of R _ci.2, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^\ In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is "^- ^ , each

of R _ci. ₂, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and R _di. ₃ is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- is ^ .

[602] In some variations, each of -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is each of R _ci. ₃ and

7 O

C(R _ci.2Rdi.2)- is ¾ ' ^¾ , each of R _ci. ₃ and Rdi. ₃ is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is Λ ^ . In some variations, each of -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^ , R _ci.3 is H, Rdi.3 is CH ₃, and -

[603] In some variations, each of -C(R _ci.iRdi.iK -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2K -C(R _ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^'¾ and

[604] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾ -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^\ each of R _ci.3 and

⁰ Γ7

Rdi.3 is H, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^iv . In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ .

0 0

-C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^\ each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is "^- , -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃, a

0 w 0

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- is ^f\ In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾ -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^

each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^'^- .

[605] In some variations, -C(Rd.iRdi.i)- is C(R _cl.3Rdi. ₃)- is ^ , and -C(Rei. ₄Rdi.4)- is ¾

O O

[606] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^\ -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is each of R _ci.3 and

O O

Rdi.3 is H, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^\ In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^\ - O O

C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^\ In some

O O

variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ^,¾- each of R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH ₃, and 0 0 0

-C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is \

each of R _ci. ₃ and R _di. ₃ is H, and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^'¾ ^ .

O O

[607] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾· -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi.2)- is -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi. ₃)- is

O O

and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi.4)- is ^'¾·

[608] In some variations, each of R _ci.i, Rdi.i. Rei.2, and R _di. ₂ is H, and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi. ₃)- and

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, R _ci. ₂ and R _di. ₂ are yvv

CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- and -C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are " ^¾ . In some variations, R _ci.i and Rci.2 are H, R _di.i and R _di. ₂ are CH , and -CCRcijRdu)- and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- together are .

[609] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, -C(R _ci. ₂R _di. ₂)- is " ^¾ ^\ and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- and

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are "^- . In some valuations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾ ^ , R _ci.2 and Rb ₂ are C¾, and -C(R _ci.3R _di.3)- and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di. ₄)- together are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _ci.i is

H, R _di.i is CH ₃, -C(Rci. ₂Rdi.2)- is ' ^¾ \ and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- and -C(Rei. ₄Rdi. ₄)- together are

[610] In some variations, R _ci.i and R _di.i are H, -C(R _ci. ₂R _di. ₂)- is ^'¾· and -C(R _ci. ₃R _di.3)- and

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are . In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ^\ R _ci.2 and Rb2 are CH ₃, and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- together are In some variations, R _ci.i is

H, Rdi.i is CH ₃, -C(Rci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- is ^'¾· and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- and -C(R _ci. ₄Rdi.4)- together are O 0

[611] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is '^- ^\ R _ci.2 and Rb ₂ are , and -C(R _ci.3Rdi.3)-

0 ^—7 and -C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are In some variations, v R _ci. ₂ and R _b2 are ' ^¾ and -C(R _ci. ₃Rdi.3)- and -C(R _ci.4Rdi.4)- together are ^¾ . In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)-

[612] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- is ' ^¾ ^\ R _ci.2 and R _b2 are ' ^¾ and -C(R _ci.3Rdi.3)- and -C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are ' ^¾

[613] In some variations, -C(R _ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R _ci. ₂Rdi. ₂)- together are ^{^} and -

C(Rci.3Rdi.3)- and -C(R _ci. ₄R _di.4)- together are ^¾

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and five Ui are -C(R _ciRdi)-

[614] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and five Ui are -C(RciRdi)-, five instances of R _ci and Rdi are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; R _ci.4 and Rdi.4; and R _ci.s and Rdi.s, respectively.

[615] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; R _ci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and R _di.4 are as defined above, and each of R _ci.s and Rdi.5 is H.

[616] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are as defined above, and each of R _ci.s and Rdi.5 is CH ₃.

[617] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and R _di.4 are as defined above, R _ci.s is H and Rdi.s is CH ₃.

[618] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci.sRdi.s)- is [619] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; R _ci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci.sRdi.5)- is

[620] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; R _ci.2 and Rdi. ₂; R _ci.3 and Rdi.3 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci. ₅Rdi.5)- and -C(R _ci. ₅Rdi.s)- together are wv .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and six Ui are -C(R _ciRdi)-

[621] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and six Ui are -C(RciRdi)-, six instances of R _ci and Rdi are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and Rdi.5, and R _ci.6 and Rdi.6, respectively.

[622] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and R _ci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and each of R _ci.6 and Rdi.6 is H.

[623] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; R _ci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and Rci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and each of R _ci.6 and Rdi.6 is CH ₃.

[624] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and R _ci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, R _ci.6 is H, and Rdi.6 is CH ₃.

[625] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and

Rci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci.6Rdi.6)- is .

[626] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and

R _ci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci.6Rdi.6)- is ^ .

[627] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci.sRdi.5)- and -C(R _ci.6Rdi.6)- together are ^x . Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and seven Ui are -C(R _ciR _di)-

[628] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and seven Ui are -C(R _ciRdiK seven instances of R _ci and Rdi are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and R _di. ₃; Rci.4 and R _di.4; Rci.5 and R _di.s, Rci.6 and R _di.6, and R _ci. ₇ and R _di. ₇, respectively.

[629] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; R _ci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and R _di.5; and R _ci.6 and R _di.6, are as defined above, and each of R _ci. ₇ and R _di.7 is H.

[630] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; R _ci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and R _di.5; and R _ci.6 and R _di.6, are as defined above, and each of R _ci. ₇ and R _di.7 is CH ₃.

[631] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; R _ci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and R _di.5; and R _ci.6 and R _di.6, are as defined above, R _ci. ₇ is H, and R _di.7 is CH ₃.

[632] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; Rci.5 and Rdi.5; and R _ci.6 and Rdi.6, are as defined above, and -C(R _ci. ₇Rdi.7)- is .

[633] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5

and Rdi.5; and R _ci.6 and Rdi.6, are as defined above, and -C(R _ci.7Rdi.7)- is ^,¾-

[634] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 _; and

R _ci.5 and R _di.5 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci. ₆R _di.6)- and -C(R _ci. ₇R _di.7)- together are wv ^{^} .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and eight Ui are -C(R _ciRdi)-

[635] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and eight Ui are -C(RciRdi)-, eight instances of R _ci and Rdi. are indicated as R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and R _di. ₃; Rci.4 and R _di. ₄; Rci.5 and R _di. ₅, R _ci.6 and R _di. ₆, Rci.7 and R _di. ₇, and R _ci. ₈ and R _di. ₈, respectively.

[636] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and R _di.5; R _ci.6 and R _di.6; and R _ci. ₇ and R _di.7 are as defined above, and each of R _ci.s and R _di.8 is H. [637] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R _ci. ₇ and Rdi.7 are as defined above, and each of R _ci.s and Rdi.8 is CH ₃.

[638] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R _ci. ₇ and Rdi.7 are as defined above, R _ci.s is H, and Rdi.8 is CH ₃.

[639] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi. ₂; Rci.3 and Rdi. ₃; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5 and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R _ci. ₇ and Rdi.7 are as defined above, and -C(R _ci.8Rdi.8)- is ' ^¾ .

[640] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R _ci.5

and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R _ci. ₇ and Rdi.7 are as defined above, and -C(Rci.sRdi.8)- is ^'^- ^f\

[641] In some variations, R _ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R _ci.4 and Rdi.4 _; R _ci.5 and Rdi.s _; and R _ci.6 and Rdi.6 are as defined above, and -C(Rci.7Rdi.7)- and -C(Rci.8Rdi.s)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 1, and U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-

[642] In some variations, R _c2 and Rd2 are both H. In some variations, R _c2 is H and Rd2 is CH ₃.

In some variations, R _c2 and Rd2 are both CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _C2Rd2)- is ' ^¾ . In some

variations, -C(R _C2Rd2)- is ^\

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 2, and each U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-

[643] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2, respectively.

[644] In some variations, each of R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and Rd2.i and R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.i is H and d2. ₂ is CH ₃. [645] In some variations, each of R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i is H and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd ₂. ₂)- is ' ^¾ . In some

variations, each of R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i is H and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd ₂. ₂)- is ^\ In some variations, each of

R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i is CH ₃ and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd ₂. ₂)- is ' ^¾ . In some variations, each of R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i is

CH ₃ and -C(Rc2. ₂Rd2.2)- is

some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is " ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i is

H, Rd2.i is CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^'^- . In some variations, two of -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- are <· . In some variations, -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ' ^¾ and -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ' ^¾ In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^'^- ^\ In some variations, - O 0

C(Re2.iRd2.i)- is ^, and -C(R _c2.2Rd2.2)- is

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 3, and each U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-

[646] In variations, of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R _c and R _d are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i and R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3, respectively.

[647] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, dii, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, Rc2.3, ¾2.i, ¾2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of R _C2. ₃, Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rc2.2, and Rc2.3 is H and each of Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃.

[648] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.

In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2. ₃)- is . In some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _c2. ₂, Rd2.i, and Rd ₂.2 is CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.3Rd2.3)- is VY- In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of R _d2.i and R _d2. ₂ is CH ₃, and

[649] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and -C(R _C2.3Rd2.3)- is ^ .

In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH ₃ and -C(R _c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^,¾- ^ . In

some variations, R _c2.i is H and each of R _C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.3Rd2.3)- is ^'^- ^ . In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and - O

C(R _c2. ₃Rd2. ₃)- is ^'¾·

[650] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ , -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ' ^¾ , and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ ^ , -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ' ^¾ ^ , and each of R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ ^ -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ' ^¾ ^\ R c2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^'¾ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^'¾ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ , -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is

' ^■ / , Rc2.3 is H, and R _d2. ₃ is CH ₃. 7 0

[651] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is , -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ and each of R _c2. ₃

7 O

and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^\ and each of

7 O

R _c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ ^\ -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is * ^" , R _C2.3 7 O is H, and Rd ₂. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ and w 0 each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^'¾ ^\ and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is , -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is

^¾ ^ , Rc2.3 is H, and R _d2. ₃ is CH ₃

O 0

[652] In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ^\ -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is and each of R _c2. ₃ and

0 O

Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^\ -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ and each of R _c2. ₃

O O

and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ^,¾- ^f\ -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ' ^f\ R _C2.3 is H,

O O

and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'^- ^\ -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ and each of

O O

R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ^\ -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^\ and each

0 O of Rc2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'^- , -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^'^- ^f\ R _c2. ₃ is H, and R _d2. ₃ is CH ₃.

[653] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- together are ' ^«· and each of

R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- together are % and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- together are % R _C2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd ₂. ₂)- together are and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2. ₃)- is ' ^¾ In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- and

C(Re2. ₂Rd2.2)- together are and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2. ₃)- is Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 4, and each U ₂ is -C(R _c2R _d2)-

[654] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R _c2 and R _d2 are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i; Rc2.2 and Rd ₂.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4, respectively.

[655] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, ¾2.3, Rc2.4, and R _d2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, dii, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H and each of R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2 is H and each of R _C2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃ and each of R _C2.4 and Rd2.4 is H.

[656] In some variations, each of R _C2.i, Rc2.2, and R _c2. ₃ is H and each of Rd2.i, ¾2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH ₃, and each of R _C2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH ₃, and each of R _C2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H, each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and each of R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R _c2.i and R _c2. ₂ is H, each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH ₃, and each of R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ is CH ₃.

[657] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and - C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- is ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R _c2. ₃ and ¾2.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and ¾2.2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ' ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- is "^- ^ .

[658] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are H, -C(R _C2. ₃Rd2.3)- is ' ^¾ ^ , and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are "^- ^ . In some variatio R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are CH ₃, -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2. ₃)- is ' ^¾ , and -C(R _c2.4Rd2. .i and Rd2.i are CH ₃,

R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are CH ₃, -C(R _C2. ₃Rd2.3)- is , and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- is . In some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are CH ₃, -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- is " ^¾ ^ , and -C(R _c2. ₄Rd ₂.4)- is ' ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd ₂.i is CH ₃, Rc ₂. ₂ is H, Rd ₂. ₂ is CH ₃, -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- is -¾· -, and -C(¾2. ₄Rd2.4)- is ' ^¾

[659] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, -C(R _c2. ₂Rd ₂. ₂)- is ' ^¾ , -C(R _c2. ₃Rd ₂. ₃)- is ' ^¾ ^ , and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂.2 are ' ¾ ^¾ ^ , -C(R _c2. ₃Rd ₂. ₃)- is ' ¾ ^¾ , and -C(R _c2.4Rd ₂.4)- is ' \ ^¾¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i is H, ¾2.ι is CHi, C(¾2.2Rd2.2)- is ^Λ -C(R _C2. ₃Rd23)- is ^ , and -C(Rci4RdM)- is In some variations, -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is x¾ R _C2.2 and Rd2.2 are ¾ ^'¾¾ -C(R _C2. ₃Rd2.3)- is ¾ ^'¾¾ and

-C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is

[660] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are H, and - O

C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are H, R _c2. ₃ and

Rd2.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- is ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and

R _d2. ₂ are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _c2.i and

Rd2.i are CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are CH ₃, R _c2. ₃ and Rd ₂. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ' ^f .

[661] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are H, -C(R _c2. ₃R _d2. ₃)- is ^'¾·

and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is ^'¾· . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are CH ₃,

0 O

-C(R _c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^\ and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- is ^,¾· ^\ In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i are CH ₃, 0 o

R _c2. ₂ and Rd ₂. ₂ are CH ₃, -C(R _c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^ , and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^ . In some variations,

R _c2.i is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2. ₂ are CH ₃, -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- is and -C(R _c2. ₄Rd ₂.4)- is

O 0

^\ In some variations, R _c2.i is H, Rd ₂.i is CH ₃, Rc ₂. ₂ is H, Rd ₂. ₂ is CH ₃, -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- is ^,¾· ^ix

, and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is ^'¾

O 0

[662] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are H, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ^{' f}\ -C(R _C2.3Rd2.3)- is ^' .

O 0 and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^\ In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.2 are CH ₃, -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^\

0 O

-C(Re2. ₃Rd2.3)- is ^ , and -C(Rc2. ₄Rd2.4)- is In some variations, R _c2.i is H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, u 0 u 0 u

-C(R _c2. ₂Rd2. ₂)- is Λ ^'¾ -C(R _c2. ₃R _d2.3)- is A and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is Ά ^'¾· In some variations, , and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is

[663] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ , R _C2.2 and Rd2.i are H, R _c2.3 and Rd ₂.3 are H, and -C(R _c2.4Rd ₂.4)- is ^'¾· In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ , R _C2.2 and Rd2.2 are CH ₃.

R _c2.3 and Rd ₂.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^\ In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ ^\

R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is ^'¾ ^ .

[664] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _c2. ₂Rd ₂. ₂)- is ' ^¾ R _c2. ₃ and R _d2.3 are

⁰ Γ7

H, and R _c2. ₄ and R _d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ \ In some variations, -C(R _c2.iR _d2.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2. ₂)- is r— , O

¾ ^ , R _c2.3 and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^ . In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2.2)- is " ^¾ Rc2.3 and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^ , -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^'¾ ^ . R _C2.3 and R _d2. ₃ are H ^, and

C(R _c2. ₄Rd2.4)

[665] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is " ^¾ *\ -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾· \ -C(R _c2. ₃R _d2.3)- ^ , and -C(Rc2.4Rd2. ₄)- is ^'¾·

[666] In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2. ₂)- is \ R _c2. ₃ and R _d2. ₃

H, and -C(R _c2. .4Rd2.4)- is " ^¾ ^ . In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ ^ , -C(R _c2. ₂Rd ₂. ₂)- is O O

Rc2.3 and R _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is ^■ In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^-, O 0

' ^¾ ^ , -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^*¾ ^■ Rc2.3 and R _d2.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is In some

V7 0

variations 5, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^ , -C(Re2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ½ R _c2.3 and R _d2. ₃ are H, and

C(R _c2. ₄R _d2.4)- is

[667] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^"¾ \ -C(R _c2.2Rd2.2)- is ^'¾ -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- is ' ^¾ ^ , and -C(R _c2. ₄Rd2.4)- is

O 0

[668] In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R _c2.2Rd2.2)- is ^'¾ *\ R _C2.3 and R _d2. ₃ are H,

O 0 0 and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2. ₄)- is ^¾ In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾ *\ o o

R _c2.3 and Rd ₂.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^\ In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾· ^f\

0 O

-C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- is ^'¾ ^\ Rc2.3 and Rd2.3 are CH , and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- is ^{'¾ f}\ In some variations,

-C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is R _C2.3 and Rd2.3 are H, and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- is

o o

[669] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R _C2. ₂Rd2.2)- is -C(R _C2. ₃Rd2.3)- is 0 0

<* and -C(R _c2. ₄Rd2.4)- is

[670] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are H, R _c2. ₂ and R _d2.2 are H, and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- and -C(Rc2.4Rd2. ₄)- together are '^- ^¾ . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.2 are H, R _c2.2 and R _d2.i are CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.3Rd2.3)- and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- together are . In some variations, R _c2.i and

Rc2.2 are H, R _d2.2 and R _d2.i are CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.3Rd2.3)- and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- together are ^x .

[671] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.2 are H, -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- i " ^¾ , and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- and

-C(Rc2.4Rd2. ₄)- together are '^- . In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.i are ' ^¾ ^ , R _C2.2 and R _d2.2 are CH , and -C(R _C2.3R _d2.3)- and -C(R _C2.4R _d2. ₄)- together are ' ^{¾ r} . In some variations, R _C2.i is

H, R _d2.i is CH ₃, -C(Rc2. ₂Rd2.2)- is " ^¾ and -C(R _C2. ₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R _C2. ₄Rd2.4)- together are

[672] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _d2.2 are H, -C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- i ^'¾ \ and -C(R _C2.3Rd2.3)- and

-C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- together are ' ^¾ In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is ^,¾- ^\ R _C2.2 and R _d2.i are CH ₃, and -C(R _C2.3R _d2.3)- and -C(R _c2. ₄R _d2. ₄)- together are ' ^¾ In some variations, R _C2.i is O

is CH ₃, -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2.2)- is ? and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R _c2. ₄Rd2.4)- together are

O 0

[673] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is \ -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2.2)- is ^'¾· and -C(R _c:

and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- together are In some variations, -C(R _C2.iRd2.i)- is ^iv ,

-C(R _C2.2Rd2.2)- is ' ^¾ ^\ and -C(R _C2. ₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R _C2.4Rd2.4)- together are " ^¾ In some

0 O

variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾· R _c2. ₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· and -C(R _C2.3Rd2.3)- and

-C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- together are

[674] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- is "^- ^ , -C(R _c2. ₂R _d2.2)- is "^- ^ , and -C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- together are .

V\V

[675] In some variations, -C(R _c2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R _c2. ₂Rd2.2)- together are and

-C(R _c2. ₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R _c2. ₄Rd2.4)- together are .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 5, and each U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-

[676] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and five U ₂ are -C(R _C2Rd2)-, five instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i and R _c2.s and Rd2.5, respectively.

[677] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 are as defined above, and each of R _c2.s and Rd2.5 is H.

[678] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 are as defined above, and each of R _c2.s and Rd2.5 is CH ₃.

[679] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 are as defined above, R _c2.s is H and Rd2.5 is CH ₃. [680] In some variations, R _c2.i and R _C2.2 and Rd ₂.2; R _C2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R _C2.sRd2.5)- is .

[681] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 are as

defined above, and -C(R _C2.sRd2.5)- is ^'^- ^■

[682] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3 are as defined above, and -C(R _c2.4Rd2.4)- and -C(R _c2.sRd2.s)- together are ^ .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 6, and each U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-

[683] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and six U ₂ are -C(R _C2Rd2)-, six instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5, and R _c2. ₆ and Rd2.6, respectively.

[684] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; R _C2.2 and Rd2.2i R _C2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i and R _c2.5 and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and each of R _c2.6 and Rd2.6 is H.

[685] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; and R _c2.5 and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and each of R _c2.6 and Rd2.6 is CH ₃.

[686] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; R _C2.2 and Rd2.2i R _C2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i and R _c2.5 and Rd2.5 are as defined above, R _c2.6 is H, and Rd2.6 is CH ₃.

[687] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; and R _c2.5 and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R _c2.6Rd2.6)- is ' ^¾ ^ .

[688] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; R _C2.2 and Rd2.2i R _C2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i and

R _c2.5 and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R _c2.6Rd2.6)- is ■

[689] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; R _C2.2 and Rd2.2i R _C2.3 and Rd2.3i and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R _C2.sRd2.5)- and -C(R _C2.6Rd2.6)- together are τ. Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 7, and each U ₂ is -C(R _c2Rd2)-

[690] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and seven U ₂ are -C(R _c2Rd2)-, seven instances of R _c2 and Rd ₂ are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i; Rc2.2 and Rd ₂.2; R _c2.3 and R _d2. ₃; Rc2.4 and R _d2.4; Rc2.5 and R _d2.s, Rc2.6 and R _d2.6, and R _c2. ₇ and R _d2.7, respectively.

[691] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i and R _c2.6 and Rd2.6, are as defined above, and each of R _c2. ₇ and Rd2.7 is H.

[692] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i and R _c2.6 and Rd2.6, are as defined above, and each of R _c2. ₇ and Rd2.7 is CH ₃.

[693] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i and R _c2.6 and Rd2.6, are as defined above, R _c2. ₇ is H, and Rd2.7 is CH ₃.

[694] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i and R _c2.6 and Rd2.6, are as defined above, and -C(R _C2.7Rd2.7)- is

[695] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5

and Rd2.5i and R _c2.6 and Rd2.6, are as defined above, and -C(R _C2.7Rd2.7)- is ^,¾-

[696] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4; and

R _c2.5 and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R _c2.6Rd2.6)- and -C(R _c2. ₇Rd2.7)- together are wv ^{^} .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 8, and each U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-

[697] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and eight U ₂ are -C(R _c2Rd2)-, eight instances of R _c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and R _d2.3; Rc2.4 and R _d2.4; Rc2.5 and R _d2.s, Rc2.6 and R _d2.6, Rc2.7 and R _d2.7, and R _c2. ₈ and R _d2.8, respectively.

[698] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6i and R _c2. ₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, and each of R _c2.s and Rd2.8 is H. [699] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd ₂.i; Rc2.2 and Rd ₂.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6; and R _c2. ₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, and each of R _c2.8 and Rd2.8 is

CH ₃.

[700] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6i and R _c2. ₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, R _c2.s is H, and Rd2.8 is CH ₃.

[701] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6; and R _c2. ₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, and -C(R _C2.8Rd2.8)- is

[702] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5

[703] In some variations, R _c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; and R _c2.4 and Rd2.4; R _c2.5 and Rd2.5; and R _c2. ₆ and R _d2.6 are as defined above, and -C(R _c2. ₇Rd2.7)- and -C(R _c2.sRd2.8)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2

[704] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, the respective instances of U ₂ are distinguished in the description below as U ₂' and U ₂", respectively. When U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-, the two respective instances of -C(R _c2Rd2)- are distinguished in the description below as - C(R' _c2R'd2)- and -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-, respectively.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 0 ₂ is 1

[705] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R'd2)-- In some of these variations, U ₂" is

-C(R" _c2R"d2)-- In some of these variations, U ₂" -N-.In some of these variations, U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -S-.

[706] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -N-.In some of these variations, U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂. ₂ is -S-. [707] In some variations, U ₂" -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -N-.In some of these variations, U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -S-.

[708] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -N-.In some of these variations, U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 2

[709] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R'd ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-.

[710] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-.

[711] In some variations, U ₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is

-N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-.

[712] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 3

[713] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is - C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-.

[714] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is

-S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-.

[715] In some variations, U ₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-.

[716] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 4

[717] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R'd ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is

[718] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-.

[719] In some variations, U ₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-.

[720] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 5

[721] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R'd ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is

[722] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-.

[723] In some variations, U ₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is - C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-.

[724] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 6

[725] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is

-C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-.

[726] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-.

[727] In some variations, U ₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-.

[728] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 7

[729] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is

-C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is

-C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-.

[730] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-.

[731] In some variations, U ₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-.

[732] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-. Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 8

[733] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is

-C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is

-C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -S-.

[734] In some variations, U ₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-.

[735] In some variations, U ₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is - C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -S-.

[736] In some variations, U ₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -N- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U ₂" is -O- and a second U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U ₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R"d ₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U ₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3

[737] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, the respective instances of U ₂ are distinguished in the description below as U ₂', U ₂", and U ₂"', respectively. When U ₂ is -C(R _C2Rd2)-, the three respective instances of -C(R _C2Rd2)- are distinguished in the description below as -C(R' _c2R'd2)- , -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-, and -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)-, respectively.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a third 02 is 1.

[738] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)- and U ₂" is -C(R" _c2R" _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[739] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)- and U ₂" -N-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[740] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)-, U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is - 0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[741] In some variations, U ₂' is -C(R' _c2R' _d2)-, U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[742] In some variations, U ₂' is -N- and U ₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is - 0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-. [743] In some of these variations, U ₂' is -N- and U ₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[744] In some of these variations, U ₂' is -N- and U ₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[745] In some of these variations, U ₂' is -S- and U ₂" -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is - 0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[746] In some of these variations, U ₂' is -O- and U ₂" -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

[747] In some of these variations, U ₂' is -S- and U ₂" -S-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U ₂"' is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first o ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 0 ₂ is 1, and U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)-

[748] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third 0 ₂ is 1, and U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'"d ₂)-. In some of these variations, each of R'" _c2 and R"'d ₂ is H. In some of these variations, each of R"' _c2 and R"'d ₂ is CH ₃. In some of these variations, R"' _c2 is H and R"'d ₂ is

CH ₃. In some variations,

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 0 ₂ is 2, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)-

[749] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third 0 ₂ is 2, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)- and the two instances of -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)- are distinguished below as -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d ₂. ₂)- , respectively. [750] In some variations in which a third 02 is 2, each of R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2.i is H. In some of these variations, each of R'" _c2. ₂ and R"'d ₂. ₂ is H. In some of these variations, each of R'" _c2. ₂ and R"'d2.2 is CH ₃. In some of these variations, R'" _c2.2 is H and R'"d ₂.2 is CH ₃. In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is " ¾ ^¾ In some of these variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is A ^'¾·

[751] In some variations in which a third 02 is 2, each of R'" _C2.i and R"'d2.i is CH ₃. In some of these variations, each of R'" _C2.2 and R"'d2.2 is H. In some of these variations, each of R'" _C2.2 and R"'d2.2 is CH ₃. In some of these variations, R'" _c2. ₂ is H and R"'d2.2 is CH ₃. In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is \¾ In some of these variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is Λ

[752] In some variations in which a third 02 is 2, each of R'" _C2.i and R"'d2.i is CH ₃. In some of these variations, each of R'" _c2. ₂ and R"'d2.2 is H. In some of these variations, each of R'" _c2. ₂ and R"'d2.2 is CH ₃. In some of these variations, R'" _c2. ₂ is H and R"'d2.2 is CH ₃. In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is ^ . In some of these variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is

[753] In some variations in which a third 02 is 2, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ' ^¾ . In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is \¾ In some of these variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is Λ

[754] In some variations in which a third 02 is 2, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^ . In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is In some of these variations, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is ^'¾

[755] In some variations in which a third o ₂ is 2, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- are Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 0 ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 0 ₂ is 3, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'"d ₂)-

[756] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third 0 ₂ is 3, and each υ ₂'" is -C(R"' _c2R"'d ₂)- and the three instances of -C(R"' _c2R"'d ₂)- are distinguished below as -C{ " _c2A " _A2A)-, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- , and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2. ₃)- , respectively.

[757] In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, R"'d2.2, R"'c2.3, and R'" _d2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, R"'d2.2, R"'c2.3, and R"'d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d2.2, is H and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'"d ₂. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d ₂. ₂, is CH ₃ and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'"d ₂. ₃ is H. In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H and each of R"' _c2. ₂, R'" _c2.3, R"'d2.i, R"'d2.2, and R"'d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i and R'" _c2. ₂ is H and each of R'" _c2.3, R"'d2.i, R"'d2.2, and R"'d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'c ₂. ₂, and R'" _c2. ₃ is H and each of R'" _d2.i, R'" _d2. ₂, and R'" _d2. ₃ is CH ₃.

[758] In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d ₂. ₂, is H and - C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is ' ^¾ In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R'" _d2.2, is CH ₃ and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is ' ^¾ In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H and each of R'" _c2. ₂, R'" _d2.i, and R'" _d2. ₂ is CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d2.3)- is " ^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i and R'" _c2. ₂ is H and each of R'" _d2.i and R'" _d2. ₂ is CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d2.3)- is ^ .

[759] In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d2.2, is H and -

C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d2.3)- is In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'d ₂.i, R"'c2.2, and R'" _d2. ₂, is

CH ₃ and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H and each of R'" _c2. ₂, R'" _d2.i,

R"' _c2. ₂ is H and each of R'" _d2.i and R'" _d2. ₂ is CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is [760] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is " ^¾ -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2. ₂)- is " ^¾ and each of "' _c2.3 and R'" _d2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"'c ₂. ₂R'" - is ,

-C(R"' _c2. ₂R"'d2.2)- is ^"¾ *\ R"'c2.3 is H, and R'" _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations,

-C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is * -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- is '¾· and each of R"' _c2. ₃ and R'"d ₂. ₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is <*\ and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d ₂. ₂)- is ' * R'" _c2. ₃ is H, and R'" _d2. ₃ is CH ₃. 7 0

[761] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ' ^¾ -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is *\ and each of

R'" _c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is

^'¾ ^ , and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is " ^¾ ^ ,

-C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is R"'c2.3 is H, and R'" _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, - 7 0

C(R ^{f f f}c2.iR ^f "d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾ and each of R"' _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃ is H. In

7 0

some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ^ <* -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is and each of R"' _c2. ₃

c ₂.3 is H, and R'" _d2.3 is CH ₃.

O 0

[762] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^'¾· -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾ and each of

R'" _c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is O 0 and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is

-C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2. ₂)- is R"'c2.3 is H, and R'" _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, -

O 0

C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^¾ ^, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- is ' and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'"d ₂.3 is H. In

O O

some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and

O O

R"' _d2. ₃is CH ₃. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is

R'" _c2.3 is H, and R"' _d2. ₃is CH ₃.

[763] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d ₂. ₂)- together are

each of R'" _c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃is H. In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2j 2)- together are "^- , and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R"'d ₂. ₃ is CH ₃. In some variations,

-C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d ₂. ₂)- together are R'" _{c23 is H}, and R'"d ₂. ₃is CH ₃.

In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d ₂. ₂)- together are _and

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d2.3)- is In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)-

together are and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is ^ A

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first o ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second o ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third o ₂ is 4, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)-

[764] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third o ₂ is 4, and each U ₂'" is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)- and the four instances of -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)- are distinguished below as

-C(R"' _c2.iR"' _d2.iK -C(R'" _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- , -C(R"' _c2. ₃R"' _d2.3)- , and C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- ,

respectively.

[765] In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"' _d2, R"'c ₂. ₂, R"' _d2, R"'c ₂. ₃, R"' _d2. ₃, R'"c ₂. ₄, and R"' _d2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"' _d2, R"'c ₂. ₂, R"' _d2, R"'c ₂. ₃, R"' _d2. ₃,R"'c ₂.4, and R"' _d2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"' _d2, R'" _c2. ₂, R"' _d2, R'" _c2. ₃, andR"' _d2. ₃is H and each of R'" _c2.4 and R"' _d2.4 is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"' _d2, R'" _c2. ₂, and R"' _d2 is H and each of R'" _c2. ₃, R"'d2.3, R"'c2.4, and R"' _d2. ₄ is CH ₃. In some variations, each of R"'c2.i, R"'d2, R"'c2.2, R"'d2, R"'c2.3, and R'" _d2. ₃ is CH ₃ and each of R'" _c2. ₄ and R'" _d2.4 is H.

[766] In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i, R"'c2.2, and R'" _c2.3 is H and each of R'" _d2, R"' _d2, and R"' _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, and each of R'" _c2. ₂, R"' _d2, R'" _c2.3, and R"' _d2.3 is CH ₃. In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, and each of R"' _c2. ₂, R"' _d2, R"'c2.3, and R"' _d2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i and R'" _c2. ₂ is H, each of R"' _d2 and R"' _d2 is CH , and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃ is H. In some variations, each of R'" _c2.i and R'" _C2.2 is H, each of R"' _d2 and R'" _d2 is CH ₃, and each of R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃ is CH ₃.

[767] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2.3 and R d2.3 are H, and -C(R"'c ₂.4R"'d2.4)- is In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _{c2 2} and

R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is ^ ^ . In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R"' _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, R"' _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -

C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- is In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are

CH ₃, R"' _c2.3 and R"' _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- is ^ .

[768] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are H, -C(R'"c ₂. ₃R'"d2.3)- is ' ^¾ ^ , and R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are "^- ^ . In some variations, R'" _C2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R"' _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is " ^¾ and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d ₂.4)- is ^'¾ In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d2.3)- is ^ * and - C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2. ₄)- is ' ^¾ In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, R"' _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2.3R'"d2.3)- is " ^¾ ^ , and -C(R"'c2.4R ^f is ' ^¾ ^ · In some variations, R'" _c2.i is "' _d2 is CH ₃, R'" _c2.2 is H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2. ₄)- [769] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i are H, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is ' ^¾ ^ , -C(R"'c ₂. ₃R'"d2.3)- is and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is ' ^¾ In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2.i are CH ₃, R'"c ₂.2 and R"' _d2. ₂ are -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is ' ^{¾ <}* and -C(R"' _c2.4R"' _d2.4)- is ^ · In some variations, R"' _c2.i is H, R"' _d2.i is CH ₃, C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- is ¾ -C(R"'c2jR ^f "d2j)- is ^" ¾ ^¾ and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is ^' ¾ ^¾ In some variations, -C(R"' _tl.2R'"d2.2)- is R"' _C2.2 and R'" _d2.2 are -C(R"' _I2jR"'d2.3)- is and -CiR"^^"^)- is

[770] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃

are H, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is ^¾ In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₂ and

R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R'"e ₂.4R'"d2.4)- is <\ In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R"' _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, R"' _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and

-C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is In some variations, R'" _C2.i and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, R'" _c2.2 and R"' _d2 are

CH ₃, R'" _c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R'" _c2. ₄R'" _d2. ₄)- is

[771] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2 are H, R"' _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are H, -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is O O

'¾ and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d2.4)- is ^'¾· In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, R'" _c2. ₂ and

0 O

R'" _d2 are CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is ^ , and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R"' _d2. ₄)- is ^ . In some variations,

R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, R"' _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d2.3)- is and

-C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- is In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are O 0

CH ₃, -C(R"'c ₂. ₃R'"d2.3)- is and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is In some variations, R"' _c2.i is

H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, R'" _{c2 2} is H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d2.3)- is and -C(R'" _ci4R'"d2 )- O

IS ^{¾ f} .

[772] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are H, -C(R"' _c2.iR'" _d2.i)- is

O 0

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- is and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is In some variations, R"' _c2.i and

0 0

R"' _d2 are CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾ -C(R"' _c2. ₃R"'d ₂.3)- is ^'¾· and -C(R"' _c2.4R'"d ₂. ₄)- O O

is In some variations, R"' _c2.i is H, R"' _d2 is CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is

O 0

C(R c2.3 'd2.3) is '¾· and -C(R"' _c2.4R'" _d2.4)- is . In some variations,

-C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d2.4)- is

[773] In some variations, -C(R'" _C2.iR'"d2.i)- is ' ^¾ R"'c2.2 and R"' _d2 are H, R"' _c2. ₃ and

R'" _d2.3 are H, and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R"' _d2.4)- is ^'¾· In some vaiiations, -C(R"'c2.iR" ^fd2.i)- is ^"¾ \

R"' _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, R'" _{c2 3} and R"' _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R'" _c∑ R ^{, , ,}d2.4)- is ^¾ In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ^ ^ , R"'c2.2 and R"' _d2 are H, R"' _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2.3 are CH ₃, and

-C(R'" _c2. ₄R'"d2.4)- is [774] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'" - is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is ' ^¾· R'" _c2.3

R"'d2.3 are H, and R'" _c2. ₄ and R'" _d2.4 are . In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is

-C(R'"c ₂. ₂R"'d2.2)- is R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is ^'¾· In some variations, -C(R"' _C2.iR'"d2.i)- is ^Λ -C(R"' _C2.2R'"d2.2)- is ^"¾ R'" _c2.3 and R d2.3

⁰ W

are CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R'" _c2.iR'"d ₂.i)- is ^"¾

-C(R"'c2.2R"'d2.2)- is R"'c2.3 and R"' _d2. ₃ are H, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is

[775] In some variations, -C(R'"c ₂.iR'"d2.i)- is ^Λ -C(R'"c2jR"'d2j)- is -C(R"'c2.3R"'d2.3)- is ^ , and -C(R"'e ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is 7 0

[776] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d ₂.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- is R 'c2.3 and

R'"d2.3 are H, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'" "d _d22..44))-- iiss ^ In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"' _d2.i)- is ^

O O

C(R' c2.2 R' d2.2 )- is R"' _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2.3 are CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2.4R'" _d2. ₄)- In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'" _d2.i)- is -C(R"'c ₂. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is R"' _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2.3 are

CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- is ^'¾· In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'" _d2.i)- is ^'¾

O O

-C(R"'c ₂. ₂R"' _d2.2)- is R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃ are H, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'" _d2.4)- is ^'¾· 7 0

[777] In some variations -C(R"' _c2.iR'" _d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾

-C(R'"c2.3R"'d2.3)- is O 0

[778] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"'c ₂. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is R'"c ₂.3 and

O 0

R"'d2.3 are H, and -C(R"' _c2.4R'" _d2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^'¾·

O O

-C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is -\ R"' _c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃ are CH ₃, and -C(R"'e ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is ¾ In

O O

some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is \ -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾ R"' _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃ are

0 O

CH ₃, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is

O O

-C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- is \ R'" _c2.3 and R"' _d2. ₃ are H, and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d ₂.4)- is ¾

O 0

[779] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d2.2)- is

O 0

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2. ₃)- is ¾ ^, and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d ₂.4)- is ¾·

[780] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"'d ₂.i are H, R"' _c2. ₂ and R"'d ₂. ₂ are H, and

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2. )- together are In some variations, R'" _c2.i and

R'" _d2 are H, R"' _c2. ₂ and R'" _d2 are CH ₃, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d ₂. )- together are . In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R'" _c2. ₂ are H, R"' _d2 and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, and

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2. ₃)- and -C(R'" _c2. ₄R'" _d2. ₄)- together are

[781] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R'" _d2 are H, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d ₂. ₂)- is ' ^¾ ^ , and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2. )- together are i _{n SO}me variations, R'" _c2.i and

R'" _d2 are *\ R"' _c2. ₂ and R'" _d2 are CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d ₂. )- together are ' ^¾. i _{n some} variations, R'" _c2.i is H, R'" _d2 is CH ₃, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is , and -C(R"'c ₂. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d ₂. )- together are 0

[782] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R'" _d2 are H, -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'"d ₂. ₂)- is and

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"' _c2.4R'" _d2.4)- together are i _{n som}e variations,

-C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ¾ R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2 are CH ₃, and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2. ₃)- and

-C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- together are In some variations, R'" _c2.i is H, R'" _d2 is CH ₃,

-C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"'e ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- together are

O 0

[783] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^'¾· -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- is ^'¾ and

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"'c ₂. ₄R'"d2.4)- together are ¼^·¾ . i _{n some} variations,

-C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ¾ ^<*\ -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2.2)- is and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2. ₃)- and

-C(R"' _c2. ₄R'"d2.4)- together are In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2 are ½ R'" _c2. ₂

and R"' _d2 are ^ and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- together are

[784] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"' _c2. ₂R'" _d2.2)- is \ and -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'" _d2. ₃)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R"' _d2. ₄)- together are

[785] In some variations, -C(R"' _c2.iR"' _d2.i)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₂R"' _d2. ₂)- together are _{s an}d

-C(R"' _c2. ₃R'" _d2. ₃)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₄R"' _d2. ₄)- together are

[786] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third o ₂ is 5, and each U ₂'" is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)- and the five instances of -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)- are distinguished below as -C(R"' _c2.iR"'d2.iK -C(R"'c2.2R"'d2.2)- , -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'"d2. ₃)- , -C(R"' _c2. ₄R"' _d2. ₄)- , and

-C(R"'c ₂. ₅R'" _d2.5)- , respectively. [787] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R 'c2.2 and R'" _d2. ₂; R 'c2.3 and R'" _d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and each of R'" _c2.s and R"'d2.5 is H.

[788] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and each of R'" _c2.5 and R"'d2.5 is CH ₃.

[789] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, R'" _C2.5 is H and R"'d2.5 is CH ₃.

[790] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and '" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R"' _c2.5R"'d2.5)- is

[791] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"d2. ₃; R"'c2.4

and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R"' _c2. ₅R'"d2.5)- is ^'¾ *\

[792] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2.3 are as defined above, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₅R'"d2.5)- and -C(R"'c ₂. ₅R'"d2.5)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 02 is 6, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'"d ₂)-

[793] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third 02 is 6, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'"d2)- and the six instances of -C(R"' _c2R'"d2)- are distinguished below as " ,

-C(R"' _c2.5R'"d2. ₅)-, and -C(R'" _c2. ₆R'" _d2.6)- , respectively.

[794] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R"'d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; and R'" _C2.5 and R"'d2.5 are as defined above, and each of R'" _C2.6 and R"'d2.6 is H.

[795] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R"'d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; and R'" _c2.5 and R'"d ₂.s are as defined above, and each of R'" _c2.6 and R"'d ₂.6 is CH ₃.

[796] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; and R'" _C2.5 and R"'d2.5 are as defined above, R'" _C2.6 is H, and R"'d2.6 is CH ₃. [797] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R 'c2.2 and R"' _d2. ₂; R 'c2.3 and R'" _d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; and R'" _C2.5 and R"'d2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R"' _c2.6R'"d2.6)- is

[798] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"d2. ₃; R"'c2.4

0 and R"'d2.4; and R'" _c2. ₅ and R'" _d2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₆R'"d2.6)- is

[799] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃; and

R'" _c2.4 and R'" _d2. ₄ are as defined above, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₅R'" _d2.5)- and -C(R"'c ₂. ₆R'" _d2.6)- together are "· ^<· .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first o ₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 02 is 7, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)-

[800] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third 02 is 7, and each U ₂"' is -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)- and the seven instances of -C(R"' _c2R'" _d2)- are distinguished below as -C(R"' _c2.lR"' _d2.lK -C(R"'c2.2R"'d2.2)- , -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'" _d2. ₃)- , -C(R'" _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- ,

-C(R"' _c2. ₅R'" _d2.5)-, -C(R"' _c2. ₆R"' _d2. ₆)-, and -C(R"' _c2. ₇R"' _d2. ₇)- , respectively.

[801] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R"'c ₂.2 and R"' _d2. ₂; R'" _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃; R'"c ₂. ₄ and R"' _d2.4; R"'c2.5 and R'" _d2.s; and R'" _C2.6 and R"' _d2.6, are as defined above, and each of R'" _C2.7 and R"' _d2. ₇ is H.

[802] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R"'c ₂.2 and R"' _d2. ₂; R'" _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃; R'"c ₂. ₄ and R"' _d2.4; R'" _c2.5 and R'" _d2.s; and R'" _c2.6 and R"' _d2.6, are as defined above, and each of R'" _c2. ₇ and R"' _d2. ₇ is CH ₃.

[803] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R'"c ₂. ₂ and R"' _d2. ₂; R'" _c2. ₃ and R'" _d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"' _d2.4; R'" _c2.5 and R'" _d2.s; and R'" _c2.6 and R"' _d2.6, are as defined above, R'" _c2. ₇ is H, and R"' _d2. ₇ is CH ₃.

[804] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R'"c ₂. ₂ and R"' _d2. ₂; R'" _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃; R'"c ₂. ₄ and R"' _d2.4; R"'c2.5 an '" _d2.s; and R'" _C2.6 and R"' _d2.6, are as defined above, and

-C(R"' _c2. ₇R"' _d2. ₇)- is [805] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R"'c2.5 and R'"d2.s; and R'" _C2.6 and R"'d2.6, are as defined above, and -

C(R"' _c2. ₇R"' _d2. ₇)- is ^'\

[806] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'" _d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃; and

R'" _c2.4 and R'" _d2. _4; and R'" _c2. ₅ and R'" _d2. ₅ are as defined above, and -C(R"'c ₂. ₆R'" _d2.6)- and

-C(R"' _c2. ₇R"' _d2. ₇)- together are

[807] In some variations, each Ui, U ₂', and U ₂" are as defined above, a third o ₂ is 8, and each U ₂'" is -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)- and the eight instances of -C(R"' _c2R"' _d2)- are distinguished below as -C(R"' _c2.iR"' _d2.iK -C(R'" _c2. ₂R'" _d2. ₂)- , -C(R"' _c2. ₃R'" _d2. ₃)- , -C(R"' _c2. ₄R'" _d2.4)- ,

-C(R"' _c2. ₅R'" _d2.5)-, -C(R'" _c2. ₆R'" _d2.6)-, -C(R"' _c2. ₇R"' _d2.7)-, and C(R"' _c2. ₈R'" _d2.8)- , respectively.

[808] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2. ₂; R'" _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃; R'"c ₂. ₄ and R'" _d2. ₄; R'" _c2.5 and R'" _d2. ₅; R'" _c2.6 and R'" _d2. ₆; and R'" _c2. ₇ and R"' _d2. ₇ are as defined above, and each of R'" _c2.8 and R"' _d2.8 is H.

[809] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R"'c ₂. ₂ and R'" _d2. ₂; R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"' _d2. ₄; R'" _c2. ₅ and R'" _d2. ₅; R'" _c2.6 and R'" _d2. ₆; and R'" _c2. ₇ and R"' _d2. ₇ are as defined above, and each of R'" _c2. ₈ and R'" _d2. ₈ is CH ₃.

[810] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R"'c ₂. ₂ and R'" _d2. ₂; R"'c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃; R"'c2.4 and R"' _d2. ₄; R'" _c2. ₅ and R'" _d2. ₅; R'" _c2.6 and R'" _d2. ₆; and R'" _c2. ₇ and R"' _d2. ₇ are as defined above, R'" _c2.8 is H, and R"' _d2. ₈ is CH ₃.

[811] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R"'c ₂. ₂ and R"' _d2. ₂; R'" _c2. ₃ and R"' _d2. ₃; R"'c ₂. ₄ and R"' _d2. ₄; R'" _c2. ₅ and R'" _d2. ₅; R'" _c2.6 and R'" _d2. ₆; and R'" _c2. ₇ and R"' _d2. ₇ are as defined above, and -C(R"'e ₂. ₈R'" _d2.8)- is [812] In some variations, R"' _c2.i and R'" _d2.i; R 'c2.2 and R"' _d2. ₂; R 'c2.3 and R'" _d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R'"c2.s and R'" _d2. ₅; R"'c2.6 and R'" _d2.6; and R'" _c2. ₇ and R'" _d2.7 are as defined above,

and -C(R"' _c2. ₈R"' _d2. ₈)- is \

[813] In some variations, R'" _c2.i and R"' _d2.i; R'" _c2. ₂ and R"' _d2. ₂; R'" _c2.3 and R'" _d2. ₃; and

R"'c2.4 and R"' _d2.4; R'" _c2.5 and R'" _d2.5 _; and R'" _c2.6 and R"' _d2.6 are as defined above, and

-C(R"' _c2. ₇R"' _d2. ₇)- and -C(R"' _c2. ₈R"' _d2. ₈)- together are

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4

[814] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[815] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 1.

[816] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 1, ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[817] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 1, ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C1-C6, C1-C5, Cl- C4, C1-C3, C1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[818] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 2.

[819] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 2, each of the first ring A and the second ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[820] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 2, each of the first ring A and the second ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[821] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 2, a first ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI. In some of these variations, a second ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C1-C5, C 1-C4, C1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3- C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[822] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 3.

[823] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, and the third ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[824] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, and the third ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[825] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of a first ring A and a second ring A is substituted with halo, and a third ring A is substituted with C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, Cl- C2, C I, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5- C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl). In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[826] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of a first ring A and a second ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl), and a third ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[827] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 4. [828] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, the third ring A, and the fourth ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[829] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, the third ring A, and the fourth ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C 1-C6, C1-C5, C 1-C4, C1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[830] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of a first ring A, a second ring A, and a third ring A is substituted with halo, and a fourth ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C1-C6, C 1-C5, Cl- C4, C 1-C3, C1-C2, C I, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl). In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or

CI.

[831] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of a first ring A, a second ring A, and a third ring A is substituted with C l- C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2- C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl), and a fourth ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F,

Br, I, or CI.

[832] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of a first ring A and a second ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl), and third ring A and a fourth ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F,

Br, I, or CI.

[833] In any of the variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, each ring A independently is selected from:

(a) , and , optionally substituted with halo or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl;

optionally substituted with halo or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and

optionally substituted with halo or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63) in which Vi is absent

[834] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is absent. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is absent. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂- · In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -0-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -S-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[835] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63) in which V ₂ is absent

[836] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), V ₂ is absent. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -C(Rz) ₂- . In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -C(=0)0-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -NRz-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -0-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -S-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0) In some of variations in which V ₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[837] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63) in which 1 each of Vi and V ₂ are present

[838] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[839] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[840] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is - S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[841] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[842] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[843] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz -.

[844] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz -.

[845] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz -. [846] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz -.

[847] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz -.

[848] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz -.

[849] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2

[850] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is - C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0- In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is

-S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[851] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[852] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[853] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[854] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[855] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[856] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[857] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. [858] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[859] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[860] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[861] In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)0-, In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂0- In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂NR _z-.

[862] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3

[863] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[864] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[865] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[866] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[867] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is

-S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[868] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is

-S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0- some variations described this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[869] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[870] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. [871] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[872] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[873] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz- some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[874] In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)0-, In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(Rz) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is V ₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V ₂ is -S(=0) ₂NRz-.

[875] In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)0-, In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0) ₂NR _z-.

[876] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of X and Y in formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-

(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63)

[877] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), X and Y are the same positively charged moiety. In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), X and Y are different positively charged moieties.

[878] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, each of the two Y moieities can be the same positively charged moiety or can be different positively charged moieties. In any of these variations, X can be a positively charged moiety which is the same as or different than either of the two Y moieties.

[879] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is e, each of the three Y moieities can be the same positively charged moiety or can be different positively charged moieties. In any of these variations, X can be a positively charged moiety which is the same as or different than any of the three Y moieties.

Variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63) in which at least one of X and Y is a fused bicyclic ring system

[880] In some of the variations described above, at least one of X and Y is a fused bicyclic ring system.

Variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63) in which at least one of X and Y is a fused tricyclic ring system

[881] In some of the variations described above, at least one of X and Y is a fused tricyclic ring system. [882] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, at least one of X and Y is:

in which:

each Ai, A ₂, A3, A ₄, Ci, C ₂, C3, and C ₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx);

and

each Bi and B ₂ is independently selected from C(Rx), N, N(Rx) ⁺, and S ⁺,

provided that at least one of Bi and B ₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A ₂, A3, A ₄, Bi, B ₂, Ci, C ₂, C3, C ₄, and Rx comprises a positive charge.

[883] In some of the variations described above, Bi and B ₂ are N. In some of the variations described above, Bi and B ₂ are N(Rx) ⁺. In some of the variations described above, Bi and B ₂ are

S ⁺.

[884] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx) ₂. In some of these variations, B ₂ is N. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is C(Rx) ₂. In some of these variations, Bi is N.

[885] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx) ₂ and B ₂ is N(Rx) ⁺. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is N(Rx) ⁺ and Bi is C(Rx) ₂.

[886] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx) ₂ and B ₂ is S ⁺. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is S ⁺ and Bi is C(Rx) ₂.

[887] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B ₂ is N(Rx) ⁺. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is N(Rx) ⁺.

[888] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B ₂ is S ⁺. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is S ⁺.

[889] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) ⁺ and B ₂ is S ⁺. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is N(Rx) ⁺ and Bi is S ⁺. [890] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, at least one of X and Y is:

wherein:

each Ai, A ₂, A3, A ₄, Ci, C ₂, C3, and C ₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx);

and

each Bi and B ₂ is independently selected from C(Rx) ₂, N(Rx), O, and S, provided that at least one of Bi and B ₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A ₂, A3, A ₄, Bi, B ₂, Ci, C ₂, C3, C ₄, and Rx comprises a positive charge.

[891] In some of the variations described above, Bi and B ₂ are N(Rx). In some of the variations described above, Bi and B ₂ are O. In some of the variations described above, Bi and B ₂ are S.

[892] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx) ₂. In some of these variations, B ₂ is N(Rx). In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is C(Rx) ₂. In some of these variations, Bi is

N(Rx).

[893] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx) ₂ and B ₂ is O. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is O and Bi is C(Rx) ₂.

[894] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx) ₂ and B ₂ is S. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is S and Bi is C(Rx) ₂.

[895] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B ₂ is O. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is O.

[896] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B ₂ is S. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is S.

[897] In some of the variations described above, Bi is O and B ₂ is S. In some of the variations described above, B ₂ is O and Bi is S.

[898] In some of the variations described above, Ai is N. In some of the variations described above, Ai is CH. In some of the variations described above, Ai is C(Rx). [899] In some of the variations described above, A ₂ is N. In some of the variations described above, A ₂ is CH. In some of the variations described above, A ₂ is C(Rx).

[900] In some of the variations described above, A ₃ is N. In some of the variations described above, A ₃ is CH. In some of the variations described above, A ₃ is C(Rx).

[901] In some of the variations described above, A ₄ is N. In some of the variations described above, A ₄ is CH. In some of the variations described above, A ₄ is C(Rx).

[902] In some of the variations described above, Ci is N. In some of the variations described above, Ci is CH. In some of the variations described above, Ci is C(Rx).

[903] In some of the variations described above, C ₂ is N. In some of the variations described above, C ₂ is CH. In some of the variations described above, C ₂ is C(Rx).

[904] In some of the variations described above, C ₃ is N. In some of the variations described above, C ₃ is CH. In some of the variations described above, C ₃ is C(Rx).

[905] In some of the variations described above, C ₄ is N. In some of the variations described above, C ₄ is CH. In some of the variations described above, C ₄ is C(Rx).

[906] Examples of compounds in which at least one of X and Y is:

are provided in the tables, below.

[907] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Rxi is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Rxi is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -SO3H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described above, Rxi is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described above, Rxi is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Xi is -COR.

[908] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63),

(Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is -SO ₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₂ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R _¾ is -COR.

[909] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63),

(Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -SO ₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₃ is -COR.

[910] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63),

(Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -SO ₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₄ is -COR.

[911] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63),

(Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -SO ₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -COR.

[912] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx6 is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx6 is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63),

(Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -SO ₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx ₆ is -COR.

[913] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63),

(Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Ryi is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Ryi is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -SO3H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described above, Ryi is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described above, Ryi is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R _Yi is -COR.

[914] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -SO3H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₂ is -COR.

[915] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -SO3H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₃ is -COR.

[916] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is C 1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₄ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -SO ₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -COR.

[917] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RYS is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -SO3H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -COR.

[918] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -NH ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry6 is -NR ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -N(R) ₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry6 is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -N0 ₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry6 is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is C 1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry ₆ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY ₆ is -S0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY ₆ is -SO ₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY ₆ is -C0 ₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY ₆ is -C0 ₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY ₆ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY ₆ is -COR.

[919] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

[920] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C3-C8 cycloalkyl.

[921] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl.

[922] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl.

[923] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C6-C 10 aryl.

[924] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C5-C 10 heteroaryl.

[925] Examples of compounds that fall within formula (I) are shown in Tables A and B. Table A.

Table B.

317

Table C.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

[926] A compound of (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id)-(Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), including the compounds in Tables A and B, can be provided in a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" carrier is a material that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable, e.g. , the material may be incorporated into a pharmaceutical composition administered to an individual without causing significant undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the composition in which it is contained. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers meet the required standards of toxicological and manufacturing testing and/or are included on the Inactive Ingredient Guide prepared by the U.S. Food and Drug administration.

Kits and Articles of Manufacture

[001] This disclosure also provides kits and articles of manufacture comprising one or more compounds of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id)-(Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), including the compounds in Tables A and B, or a pharmacological composition comprising one or more compounds of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id)- (Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), including the compounds in Tables A and B.

[002] Kits generally comprise suitable packaging. The kits may comprise one or more containers comprising any compound described herein. Each component (if there is more than one component) can be packaged in separate containers or some components can be combined in one container where cross-reactivity and shelf life permit.

[003] The kits may be in unit dosage forms, bulk packages (e.g. , multi-dose packages) or sub- unit doses. For example, kits may be provided that contain sufficient amounts of a compound as disclosed herein and/or a second pharmaceutically active compound useful for the methods described below to provide effective treatment of an individual for an extended period, such as any of a week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, or more. Kits may also include multiple unit doses of the compounds and instructions for use and be packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and use in pharmacies (e.g. , hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies).

[004] The kits may optionally include a set of instructions, generally written instructions, although electronic storage media (e.g. , magnetic diskette or optical disk) containing instructions are also acceptable, relating to the use of component(s) of the disclosed methods. The instructions included with the kit generally include information as to the components and their use in the methods descried below.

Methods

[927] This disclosure provides methods of using compounds of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id)-(Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), including the compounds in Tables A and B, to target repair cells to various tissues. [928] A "repair cell" as used herein includes cells which, when exposed to appropriate conditions, differentiate into an appropriate cell type for repair of a particular target tissue, as well as cells which are at least partially differentiated into the appropriate cell type for the tissue to be repaired. For example, in some variations a repair cell differentiates into a cell which produces and secretes components needed to repair an injury to a joint (e.g. , hyaline cartilage, tendon, meniscus). In some variations of the disclosed methods, a repair cell is a chondrocyte. In some variations of the disclosed methods, a repair cell is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC).

Methods of obtaining, culturing, and expanding populations of MSCs are well known in the art. See, e.g. , US 2004/0009157; US 2012/0148548; U.S. Patent 5,486,359; and U.S. Patent

5,226,914. Typically, autologous MSCs are used. In some embodiments, allogenic MSCs are used (e.g. , MSCs obtained from banks of umbilical cord MSCs, MHC-matched MSCs, or MSCs engineered to not have comprise immunogenic MHCs).

Use of Compounds to Target Repair Cells to Tissues

[929] Compounds of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id)-(Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), including the compounds in Tables A and B, can be used to target repair cells to injured or diseased tissues, such as pancreas, kidney, intestine (e.g. , small intestine, cecum), heart, cartilage (e.g. , trachea, femoral cartilage), thymus, liver, brain, bladder, and blood. Compounds can be administered, followed by administration of repair cells; or a conjugate comprising a repair cell bound to a compound can be administered. Methods of administration include local administration to the injured or diseased tissue, oral administration, and intravenous administration. For oral administration, for example to target repair cells to the intestine, conjugates comprising a repair cell bound to a compound can be encapsulated to avoid degradation of the conjugate until it reaches the target intestinal tissue.

[930] In some embodiments, a compound of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id)-(Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), including the compounds in Tables A and B, can be used in conjunction with repair cells to treat joint injuries. Because they are multivalent, the compounds bind both to cartilage in an injured joint as well as to repair cells which can differentiate into new tissue (e.g. , cartilage, tendon, meniscus), thereby stabilizing the joint and reducing pain. In such embodiments, the repair cell differentiates into a cell which produces and secretes components needed to repair an injury to a joint (e.g. , hyaline cartilage, tendon, meniscus). In some variations of the disclosed methods, a repair cell is a chondrocyte. In some variations of the disclosed methods, a repair cell is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). [931] In some variations of the disclosed methods, one or more compounds of formulae (I),

(Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id)-(Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), including the compounds in Tables A and B, are applied directly to an injured joint, typically in a

pharmaceutical composition for delivery to the injured joint. Such compositions typically are formulations suitable for intra- articular injection and may include one or more components such as chitin, chitosan, hyaluronan, chemically modified hyaluronan, saline, phosphate buffered saline, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, mannosamine, proteoglycan, proteoglycan fragments, or other polysaccharides or polymers. The compounds to be applied may be all the same type or may be a mixture of types. Once the compounds adhere to cartilage in the injured joint, repair cells are delivered to the site, where they are bound by the compounds, thereby anchoring the repair cells in the appropriate place in the injured joint. In some variations, additional cofactors such as, for example, transforming growth factors (e.g., TGFP), could be used either in co- application with the compounds described herein, or preceding that application, to stimulate extracellular matrix production and down-regulate matrix-degrading enzymes.

[932] In other variations of the disclosed methods, compounds, either all of the same type or a mixture of compounds, are bound to repair cells ex vivo, then the repair cells bearing the compounds are delivered to the injured joint, either as a cell suspension or a sheet of cells, where they are anchored by the binding of the compounds to cartilage in the injured joint. Binding of compounds to the surface of repair cells can be carried out by any method known in the art. See, e.g., Sarkar et ah, "Cell Surface Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells," in Vemuri et ah, eds., Mesenchymal Stem Cell Assays and Applications, Methods in Molecular Biology, chapter 35, pp. 505-23, 2011.

[933] The disclosed methods can be carried out during an arthroscopic or open joint procedure and can be used to injuries at joints such as the acromioclavicular, carpometacarpal (finger or thumb), coracoclavicular, humeroulnar, humeroradial, radioulnar (distal, intermedial, proximal), intermetacarpal, interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, midcarpal, radiocarpal, shoulder, sternoclavicular, wrist, temporomandibular, sternocostal, xiphisternal, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, talocrural (ankle), hip, metatarsophalangeal, tarsometatarsal, tibiofemoral (knee) joints, and zygapophyseal joints.

[934] Types of joint injuries which can be treated include damage to cartilage at a synovial joint occurring as a result of mechanical destruction due to trauma or progressive degeneration (osteoarthrosis; wear and tear) or associated with a disease or disorder, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or juvenile arthritis. Other joint injuries include damage to tendons, ligaments, and the meniscus. Use of tissue engineering, including stem cell therapy, to treat such injuries has been reviewed. See, e.g. Nesic, et al.

"Cartilage Tissue Engineering for Degenerative Joint Disease," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

(2006) , 58(2):300-322; Johnstone, et al. "Tissue Engineering for Articular Cartilage Repair - The State of the Art," European Cells and Materials (2013) 25:248-267; Dragoo, et al. "Healing Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells," Tissue Engineering

(2007) , 13(7): 1615-1621. Use of animal models including chondral / osteochondral defects has been discussed recently. See, e.g. Cook, et al. "Animal Models of Cartilage Repair," Bone Joint Res. (2014), 4:89-94. Bone-marrow derived MSCs, as well as human embryonic stem cells, have been shown to enhance cartilage repair in chondral defect models: Frisbie, et al. "Evaluation of Intra- Articular Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Augment Healing of Microfractures Chondral Defects," Arthroscopy (2011), 27(11): 1552-1561; Tsaiwei, et al. "Repair of Cartilage Defects in Arthritic Tissue with Differentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells," Tissue Engineering Part A (2014) 20(3-4):683-692.

[935] In any of these methods, extent of defects and repair to cartilage can be assessed and scored using methods known in the art such as, for example, the Histological-Histochemical Grading System (HHGS), the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI)

Osteoarthritis Cartilage Histopathology Assessment System, the O'Driscoll score, the

International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II score, and the 'Bern' score. See, e.g., Rutgers et al. "Evaluation of histological scoring systems for tissue-engineered, repaired and osteoarthritic cartilage," Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2010), 18: 12-23; Grogan et al., "Visual Histological Grading System for the Evaluation of in-vitro Generated Neocartilage," Tissue Engineering (2006), 12(8):2141-2149.

EXAMPLES

[936] The following examples illustrate but do not limit the scope of the disclosure set forth above.

EXAMPLE 1. Schematic synthesis plan for preparing a compound comprising two positively charged moieties

[937] Compounds presented herein can each be prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art. This example provides a synthesis plan for assembling a positively charged dimer utilizing starting materials appropriately functionalized with varying R _x. Here, protection of appropriately functionalized nitroaniline A to give the succinimide B is followed by reduction of the nitro group to its amine C allows coupling with the electrophile D bearing an appropriate leaving group (LG), such as halo, to give aniline E. Further coupling with functionalized electrophile F provides the benzoic acid intermediate G. Oxidative ring closure using sodium nitrite yields nitroso compound H which, after reduction provides the tricyclic cationic compound I. Coupling of the acid moiety with a variety of amines such as, for example diamine J, yields the final bis-amido product K. A range of analogs can be prepared using this route based on, for example, varying R _x; the choice of position of -NH ₂ and -N0 ₂ in A; the choice of position of LG and the amido moiety in D; choice of functionality in F including non- aromatic electrophiles, and finally the choice of functionalized coupling partner J. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the protection, reduction, ring-closure and coupling methods presented herein.

! Ring-closure

EXAMPLE 2. Methods for preparing X and Y moieties

[938] This example provides a schematic synthesis plan for providing various positively charged moieties X and Y. A choice of both the appropriate functionality R _x, and also varying the position of amino groups, will provide access to a range of positively charged X and Y moieties, as exemplified herein.

[939] Alternative positively charged X and Y moieties bearing differing Bi and B ₂ substituents can be envisioned from appropriate starting materials, for example as presented. Continual functionalization of the positively charged moiety is possible using methods known to those skilled in the art.

[940] Routes to positively charged X and Y moieties bearing differing Ai to A4 or Ci to C ₄ ring heteroatoms can be envisioned from appropriate starting materials, for example as presented.

EXAMPLE 3. Examples of linking positively charged moieties using diamino linkers

[941] Positively charged moieties can be linked using acetamido groups through diamino linkers, as illustrated below. Appropriately protected amines (PG = protecting group) allow for regioselective coupling positions. The choice of amine linker provides for a range of linked dimers.

Amine linker

Dimer

Coupling agent

EXAMPLE 4. Preparation of Linear Positively Charged Multimer Species

[942] Positively charged species can be linked linearly using the scheme below, which illustrates preparation of a linear trimer comprising positively charged moieties. The same process can be repeated as desired to prepare a positively charged multimer comprising e.g. , 4, 5, or 6, positively charged moieties. The choice of both protecting group and Rx allows for a range of multiple linked products.

2. Deprotection

EXAMPLE 5. Preparation of Branched Positively Charged Multimer Species

[943] Positively charged species can be linked to form branched multimers using the scheme below, which illustrates preparation of a branched trimer comprising safranin-0 moieties. The same process can be repeated as desired to prepare a positively charged multimer comprising, e.g. , 4, or 5 positively charged moieties.

scheme above. Higher multimers can be prepared similarly, using the appropriate

polycarboxylate linker.

Representative Synthetic Examples [945] Examples 6 to 19 provide representative examples of routes to positively charged dimers, which those skilled in the art can adapt accordingly to generate compounds presented in

Tables A, B, and C, as well as analogs thereof.

EXAMPLE 6. Synthesis of Synthesis of 7,7'-(hexane-l,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride

Step-1: Synthesis of 3-amino-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylph enazin-5- ium chloride

[946] To a solution of Safranin-0 (5.2 g, 14.8 mmol) in DMF (50 mL), cooled to -40 °C, was added sodium hydride (1.18 g, 29.5 mmol) and the reaction mass was stirred at the same temperature for lh. Boc anhydride (2.91 g, 13.97 mmol) was added at the same temperature and the reaction mass was stirred at the same temperature for another lh. The progress of the reaction was monitored by LCMS and TLC (System: 10% MeOH in DCM). The reaction was quenched by adding water (20 mL) and the solid obtained was filtered and purified by column

chromatography (silica gel 100-200 mesh, eluent system- 10 % MeOH:DCM) to obtain 3-amino- 7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5 -ium chloride (1 g). Step-2: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)-N-[6 - [(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)-tert- butoxycarbonyl- amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[947] To a solution of 3-amino-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylph enazin- 5-ium chloride (225 mg,0.5 mmol) in DMF (2.5 mL), cooled to -30 ° C, was added sodium hydride (40 mg, 1.0 mmol) and the reaction mass was stirred at the same temperature for lh. 1,6- Diiodohexane (85 mg, 0.25 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at the same

temperature for 2 min and at 0 ° for 20 min. Additional 1,6-diiodohexane (33 mg, 0.097 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 5 min. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After detection of product, the reaction was quenched with water (5 mL). The solid product obtained was filtered, dissolved in 20% MeOH/DCM solution (20 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to get 100 mg crude product, which was purified by reverse phase HPLC to get pure tert-butyl N-(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)- N-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)- tert-butoxycarbonyl- amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride (6 mg.)

Step-3: Synthesis of 7,7'-(hexane-l,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl -5-phenyl phenazin-5-ium) chloride.

[948] 7,7'-(2,2,15,15-Tetramethyl-4,13-dioxo-3,14-dioxa-5,12-diaza hexadecane-5,12- diyl)bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride (5 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL). Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred at RT for 2h. The desired product was detected by LCMS and NMR. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to obtain the desired product, which was triturated with diethyl ether and pentane. 1HNMR (CD ₃OD): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.70 (m, 10H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 4H), 6.05 (s, 2H), 5.73 (s, 2H), 3.05 (m, 4H), 2.4 (s, 6H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 6H), 1.22-1.15 (m, 6H).

LCMS: 740(M+) and 370 (half fragment).

EXAMPLE 7. Synthesis of 7,7'-(hexane-l,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2,8-dimethylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7,7'-(hexane-l,6- diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,8-di methylphenazin-5-ium) chloride.

[949] This example provides a synthesis route to functionalized halophenyl derivatives. Appropriate starting materials can be utilized from the method presented in Example 6.

Y = CI:

7,7'-(hexane-1 ,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,8 - dimethylphenazin-5-ium) chloride

EXAMPLE 8. Synthesis of Synthesis of 7,7'-(octane-l,8-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8- -5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride

[950] To a stirred solution of Safranin-0 (1.05 g, 3.0 mmol) in 15 mL of N,N- dimethylacetamide was added potassium carbonate (0.55 g, 4.0 mmol) and stirred at RT for 15 min. 1,8-Dibromooctane (272 mg, 1.0 mmol) was then added dropwise into the reaction mixture followed by the addition of potassium iodide (332 mg, 2.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was then stirred at 60 °C for 24h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to RT, 20 mL water was added and the crude reaction mixture was lyophilized. The mixture was then purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 100-200 mesh, 0-10% MeOH in DCM). The product obtained by column chromatography was re-purified by HPLC to afford the desired product as a brown solid. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.75 (m, 12H), 7.65-7.55 (m, 7H), 6.0 (s, 2H), 5.55 (s, 2H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 12 H), 1.35 (m, 4H), 1.05 (bs, 8H). ¹HNMR (CD ₃OD) δ (ppm): 7.90-7.70 (m, 10H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 4H), 6.05 (s, 2H), 5.73 (s, 2H), 3.05 (m, 4H), 2.4 (s, 6H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 6H), 1.22-1.15 (m, 6H). LCMS: 740 (M+) and 370 (half fragment).

EXAMPLE 9. Synthesis of 3-amino-7-[(6-{[3,5-bis({6-[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl- 5λ ⁵,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)phenyl ]formamido}hexyl)amino]

2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5-ylium

Step-1: Synthesis of 2-(6-iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione

[951] To a suspension of potassium phthalamide (700 mg, 3.7 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added 1,6-diiodohexane (3.83 g, 11.33 mmol) and the reaction mass was heated at 80 °C for 1 h. (The reaction mass became clear on heating). The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL) and water (100 mL), the organic layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was again extracted with diethyl ether (2x100 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (200 mL) and saturated brine solution (200 mL) The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica gel: 100-200 mesh; Eluent: 10 % ethyl acetate in hexane) to obtain pure product as white solid (2.1 g).

Step-2: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] -N- [6-( 1 ,3 -dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl] carbamate

[952] To a solution of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphena zin-5- ium (500 mg, 0.90 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added cesium carbonate (1.48 g, 4.54 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 10 min. 2-(6-Iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (422 mg, 1.18 mmol) was added and the reaction mass was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was monitored by LCMS and TLC. The reaction mass was diluted with EtOAc (25 mL) and water (25 mL), and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was again extracted with EtOAc (2x25 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (2x100 mL), and saturated brine solution (200 mL), then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the product. This was purified by column chromatography by using neutral alumina and an eluent system of 0 to 2% Methanol in DCM) to obtain pure product (200 mg.)

Step-3: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(6-aminohexyl)-N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] carbamate [953] To a solution of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)ami no)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium (800 mg, 1.04 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate monohydrate (1.072 mg, 20.8 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 90 min. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (150 mL) and filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product which was purified by column chromatography using neutral alumina (Eluent System:0 to 3% MeOH in DCM) to obtain pure product (410 mg).

Step-4: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[6-[[3,5-bis[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]benzoyl]amino]hexyl]-N-[8-(tert-buto xycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] carbamate trichloride

[954] To a solution of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxyc arbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium (243 mg, 0.395 mmol) in DMF(3 mL) was added DIPEA (233 mg, 1.80 mmol) and stirred at RT for 10 min. Benzene-l,3,5-tricarbonyl trichloride (30 mg, 0.113 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mass was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (30 mL), and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was again extracted with EtOAc (2x30 mL), the combined organic layer was washed with water (100 mL) and saturated brine solution (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the product which was purified by column chromatography using neutral alumina (Eluent: 0.2-1% MeOH in DCM) to obtain pure product (65 mg.)

Step-5: Synthesis of Nl,N3,N5-tris[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10 -ium-2- yl) amino] hexyl] benzene- 1 , 3 ,5 - tricarboxamide trichloride

[955] To a solution of the diboc protected trimer (65 mg, 0.0325 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (01 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness and purified by reverse phase HPLC to obtain the product to obtain the product as the acetate counter anion. The product was dissolved in ethanol-HCl (20 mL) and concentrated to dryness (3 times), and the solid obtained was washed with water (20 mL) to remove inorganic impurities. The solid obtained was lyophilized to get the product (6.6 mg) which was confirmed by LCMS and NMR. 1H NMR (CD ₃OD): δ (ppm): 8.25 (s, 3 H), 7.4-7.90 (m, 15 H), 6.6 (s, 6 H), 6.15 (s, 6 H), 3.1-3.5 (m, 12 H),2.2-2.3 (m, 18 H), 1.3-1.9 (m, 24 H). M+ (1397), M/2 (699.1), M/3 (467.1).

EXAMPLE 10. Synthesis of 3-amino-7-{[(2-{[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10- phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]methyl}phenyl)methyl]amino}-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10- phenazin-5-ylium and 3-amino-7-{[(2-{[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5- ylium-3-yl)amino]methyl}phenyl)methyl]amino}-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5- ylium

Step-1: Synthesis of 7,7'-(l,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(tert-butoxycarbonylaza nediyl)bis(3- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-i um) chloride & 7-(tert- butoxycarbonyl(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxycarbony lamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)methyl)benzyl)amino)-3-(tert -butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6- dimethyl- 5 -phenylphenazin-5 -ium

[956] To a stirred solution of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride & 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (500 mg, 0.90mmol) in 5 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (880 mg, 2.70 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0°C and o-xylene dibromide (132 mg, 0.50 mmol, diluted with 1ml of DMF) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue obtained was dissolved in diethyl ether (50 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x20 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude product which was then purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-20% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product as a dark brown solid (250 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(l,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(3-amino- 2,8-dimethyl- 5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride & 3-amino-7-(2-((7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)methyl)benzylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphena zin-5-ium chloride:

[957] To a stirred solution of 7,7'-(l,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(tert- butoxycarbonylazanediyl)-bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2, 8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium) chloride (250 mg, 0.27 mmol) in 5 mL of DCM was added TFA (1 mL) at 0°C dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness and the residue purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford two peaks of the same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with methanolic HC1 and dried, then washed with water and dried again to afford desired product. (Compound 18): 8mg. (Compound 19): 8mg. 1H NMR Compound 18: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.15 (t, 2H), 7.90 (d, 4H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 6H), 7.6 (m, 3H), 7.40 (d, 4H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.65 (m, 2H), 5.95 (s, 2H), 5.45 (s, 2H), 4.10 (m, 4H), 2.40 (s, 6H), 2.30 (s, 6 H). LCMS: 732 (M+), 366(M/2). Compound 19: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.15 (bs, IH), 7.95 (s, IH), 7.90-7.75 (m, 5H), 7.74-7.60 (m, 7H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.05 (t, IH), 6.65 (d, IH), 6.10 (s, IH), 5.95 (s, IH), 5.62 (s, IH), 4.58 (m, 2H),4.40 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6 H), 1.48 (s, 3H). LCMS: 732 (M+), 366 (M/2). EXAMPLE 11. Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{[6-({4-[4-({6-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)phenyl]phenyl}formamido)hexyl]amino }-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e)chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate

[958] To a stirred solution of biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (500 mg, 2.06 mmol) in 10 mL of DMF was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (594 mg, 5.16 mmol) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.06 g, 5.16 mmol) at 0°C and the mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtered cake was washed with EtOAc. The washings and filtrate were combined, washed with brine solution (3x20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product that was dissolved in DCM and again filtered. The DCM layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford desired product (600 mg). Step-2: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-N-[6-[[4-[4-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8 -(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[959] Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) and 3-((6- aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxycarbony lamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (65.5 mg, 0.100 mmol) were dissolved in 2 mL of DMF and triethylamine (14 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine solution (4x10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina) to afford the desired product (70 mg).

Step-3: Synthesis of N-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexyl]-4-[4-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl] benzamide dichloride

[960] The product from Step-2 (70 mg) was dissolved in 2 mL of DCM and TFA (0.5 mL) was added at 0°C dropwise and stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtained crude product which was purified by reverse phase HPLC. The product obtained after purification was then treated with Methanolic HC1 and dried and then washed with water and freeze dried to afford the desired product (6 mg). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.56 (t, 2H), 7.97-7.95 (d, 4H), 7.90-7.75 (m, 12H), 7.70-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, 4H), 7.60-7.45 (m, 3H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6 H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.20-1.05 (m, 8H).

EXAMPLE 12. Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{10-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)carbamoyl]decanamido}-2,8-dimethyl-5 -phenyl-

5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e)chloranuide

Safranin-O

Step-2 NaH

DMF

RT-16 hrs

Step-1: Synthesis of bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) undecanedioate

[961] To a stirred solution of undecanedioic acid (500 mg, 2.31 mmol) in 10 mL of anhydrous THF was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (585 mg, 5.09 mmol) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.08 g, 5.09 mmol) at 0°C and then allowed to stir at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The product obtained was washed with diethyl ether and dried to afford the desired product (725 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{ 10-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10- phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)carbamoyl]decanamido}-2,8-dimethyl-5-p henyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5- ylium- 5 -e)chloranuide

[962] To a stirred solution of Safranin-0 (350 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 10 mL of DMF was added sodium hydride (60 mg, 1.5 mmol) at 0°C and stirred for 10 min, bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) undecanedioate (205 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added and allow to stir at RT for 16 h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The product obtained was dried and purified by reverse phase HPLC. The purified product was treated with Methanolic HC1 (5 times), dried and washed with water and freeze dried to afford the desired product (5 mg). 1H NMR (CD ₃OD): δ (ppm): 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 2H), 7.97-7.95 (m, 3H), 7.90-7.80 (m, 6H), 7.60-7.50 (m, 4H), 6.18 (s, 2H), 2.55 (s, 6H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 10H), 1.65-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.35- 1.25 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 13. Synthesis of [3-amino-7-({9-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]nonyl}amino)-2,8-dimet hyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10- phenazin-5-ylium-5-e]chloranuide and [3-amino-7-({9-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-4,8- dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]nonyl}amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e]chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of 7,7'-(2,2,18,18-tetramethyl-4,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxa-5,15-diaza nonadecane- 5,15-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-ph enylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxy carbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin- 5 -ium- 3 -yl) amino)nony

phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride:

[963] To a stirred solution of mixture of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (500 mg, 0.909 mmol) in 10 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (738 mg, 2.27 mmol) and stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and 1,9-dibromononane (156 mg, 0.545 mmol, diluted with 1 mL of DMF) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue obtained after filtration was dissolved in diethyl ether (200 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x50 mL). The ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-20% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product (mixture of 2 products of same mass) as a dark brown solid (400 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(nonane-l,9-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl -5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(9-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)nonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-iu m chloride:

[964] To a stirred solution of mixture of 7,7'-(2,2,18,18-tetramethyl-4,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxa- 5,15-diazanonadecane-5,15-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylami no)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin -5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert- butoxycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)nonyl) amino)-3-(tert- butoxy carbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (400 mg, 0.32 mmol) in 5 mL of DCM was added TFA (2 mL) at 0°C dropwise and stirred at RT for 12 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtained crude product which was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford two peaks of same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with

Methanolic HC1 and dried, then washed with water and dried again to afford the desired products. Compound 22: 35 mg. Compound 23: 5 mg. ¹H NMR Compound 22: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.78 (m, 10H), 7.75-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.55 (m, 7H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6 H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.20-1.03 (m, 10H). Compound 23: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.90-7.60 (m, 13H),7.60-7.38 (m, 3H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 6.0 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 9 H), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.38- 1.20 (m, 8H), 1.18-1.02 (m, 4H). EXAMPLE 14. Synthesis of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(6-{[3,5,7-tris({6-[(7-ami no- 5-chloΓanuide-2,8-dimeth l-5-phen l-5λ ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}hexyl)amin o]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5- ylium-5-e}chloranuide

Step-1:- Synthesis of 2-(6-iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione

[965] To a suspension of potassium l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ide (5 g, 27 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) was added 1,6-diiodohexane (22.83 g, 67.5 mmol) dropwise and heated at 85 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was monitored with LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water and extracted with diethyl ether (2x300 mL), and the combined organic layer was washed with water (3x250 mL) and brine (250 mL). The organic layer dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product which was purified by column chromatography with 10% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to afford 8.5 g of 2-(6- iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione.

Step-2:- Synthesis of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)ami no)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[966] To a solution of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphena zin-5- ium chloride (6 g, 10.90 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) at RT was added cesium carbonate (8.85 g, 27.25 mmol) portionwise and stirred for 15 min. Then, 2-(6-iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (5.06 g, 14.18 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (40 mL) and added dropwise at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and diluted with cold water and extracted with EtOAc (2x200 mL). The combined organic layer washed with brine (4x100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 40% EtOAc in hexane to afford 6.5 g of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)ami no)-7- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-i um chloride. Step-3:- Synthesis of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[967] To a solution of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)ami no)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (4 g, 5.12 mmol) in ethanol (250 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (5.36 g, 107.38 mmol) and heated to reflux at 85 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and then the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue dissolved in diethyl ether and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 4 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 1.2 g of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimet hyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

Step-4:- Synthesis of 3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(6-{ [3,5,7-tris({6-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)({7- [(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl})amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}hexyl)ami no]-7-[(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium tetrachloride

[968] To a solution of adamantine-l,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid (30 mg, 0.0961 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (137 mg, 0721 mmol) and HOBt (97 mg, 0.721 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. Then 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (280 mg, 0.432 mmol) and DIPEA (0.23 mL, 1.345 mmol) were added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and diluted with water. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water. The residue was dissolved in DCM (75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 5 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 120 mg of BOC protected tetramer of adamantine.

Step-5:- Synthesis of 2-{3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-7-[(6-{ [3,5,7-tris({6-[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adamantan -l- yl]formamido}hexyl)amino]-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium-5-yl}benzen-l-ide trichloride hydrochloride

[969] To the BOC protected tetramer of adamantine from Step-4 (120 mg, 0.046 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) at 0° C was added TFA (0.1 mL) dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and solvent was removed and the crude product was purified by HPLC. The product was treated with Methanolic HC1 (4x20 mL) and

concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered, and washed with water (20 mL). The residue was dried under lyophilization to afford 25 mg of desired product. 1H NMR

(DMSO): δ (ppm): 7.60-7.90 (m, 44 H), 6.02 (s, 4 H), 5.45 (s, 1 H), 2.90-3.0 (m, 16 H), 2.30 (s,

12H), 2.25 (s, 12H), 1.76 (s, 12H), 1.30-1.36 (m, 16H), 1.05-1.10 (m, 16H).

LCMS: 1897.10,M/4=474.6, M/3=632.6, M/2=948.5.

EXAMPLE 15. Synthesis of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(3-{[3,5,7-tris({3-[(7-ami no-

5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl)amino]propyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}propyl)am ino]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin- -ylium-5-e}chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of 2-(3-iodopropyl) isoindoline-l,3-dione

[970] To a suspension of potassium l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ide (3 g, 16.2 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) was added 1,3-diiodopropane (4.2 mL, 36.4 mmol) dropwise and heated at 85°C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water and extracted with diethyl ether (2x250 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (3x200 mL) and brine (250 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography with 10% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to afford 3 g of 2-(3-iodopropyl) isoindoline-l,3-dione.

Step-2: Synthesis of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)am ino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[971] To a solution of 3, 7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazi n-5- ium chloride (4 g, 7.272 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) at RT was added cesium carbonate (5.9 g, 18.1 mmol) portionwise and stirred for 15 min. 2-(3-Iodopropyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (2.97 g, 9.45 mol) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and added dropwise at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and then diluted with cold water. The precipitate was filtered, and washed with water. The precipitate was dissolved in DCM (150 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product that was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina: eluent 2 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 3 g of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-(l,3-dioxoiso indolin-2-yl)propyl)amino)-7- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-i um chloride.

Step-3: Synthesis of 3-((3-aminopropyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride [972] To a solution of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)am ino)-7-

(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin- 5-ium chloride (3 g, 4.06 mmol) in ethanol (200 niL) was added hydrazine hydrate (3.9 niL, 81.3 mmol) and heated to reflux at 85°C for lh. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, and then the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue dissolved in diethyl ether and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina eluent 4 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 1 g of 3-((3-aminopropyl)(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimet hyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

Step-4: Synthesis of BOC protected tetramer of adamantane

[973] To a solution of adamantane 1,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid (30 mg, 0.0961 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (137 mg, 0721 mmol) and HOBT (97 mg, 0.721 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. Then 3-((3-aminopropyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (263 mg, 0.432 mole) was added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, and then diluted with water. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water. The residue was dissolved in DCM (75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 3 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 125 mg of BOC protected tetramer of adamantane.

Step-5: Synthesis of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(3-{ [3,5,7-tris({3-[(7-amino-5- chloranuide-2, 8 -dimethyl- 5 -phenyl- 5 λ ⁶ , 10-phenazin-5 -ylium- 3 - yl)amino]propyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}propyl)am ino]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5- ylium- 5 -e } chloranuide

[974] To the BOC protected tetramer of adamantane from Step-4 (125 mg, 0.046 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) at 0° C was added TFA (0.5 mL) dropwise and the mixture allowed to stir at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and solvent was concentrated to obtain a crude product that was purified by reverse phase HPLC to obtain desired product. This product was treated with methanolic HC1 (4x20 mL), concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered and washed with water (20 mL). The residue was dried by lyophilization to afford 25 mg of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(3-{ [3,5,7-tris({3-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide- 2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]propyl} carbamoyl)adamantan-l- yl]formamido}propyl)amino]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e}chloranuide. 1H NMR (DMSO): δ (ppm): 7.60-7.90 (m, 44H), 6.0 (s, 4H), 5.45 (s, 4H), 2.90-3.0 (m, 16H), 2.30 (s, 12H), 2.25 (s, 12H), 1.76 (s, 12H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 8H). LCMS: 1728.9, M/4=432.8, M/3=576.5, M/2=864.3. EXAMPLE 16. Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{[6-({6-[5-({6-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)pyridin-2- yl]pyridin-3-yl}formamido)hexyl]amino}-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl -5 ⁶ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-

5-e)chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-N-[6-[[6-[5-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8 -(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]-2-pyridyl]pyridine-3- carbonyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[975] To a suspension of 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.204 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (155 mg, 0.816 mmol) and HOBt (109 mg, 0.816 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 20 min. Then 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (293 mg, 0.450 mmol) and DIPEA (0.35 mL, 2.04 mmol) were added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, and then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc (2x25 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (4x25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina eluent 5 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 125 mg of BOC protected dimer.

Step-2: Synthesis of N-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexyl]-6-[5-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phe nazin-10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl]-2-pyridyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide dichloride

[976] To the BOC protected dimer from Step-1 (90 mg, 0.0596 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at 0° C was added TFA (0.4 mL) dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS . The solvent was evaporated and the crude product purified by HPLC to obtain the desired product, which was treated with methanolic HC1 (4x15 mL), concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered and washed with water (20 mL). The residue was dried by lyophilization to afford 15 mg of title compound. 1H NMR (DMSO): δ (ppm): 9.10 (s, 2H), 8.83 (t, 2 H), 8.43 (d,2 H), 8.38 (d, 2H), 7.90-7.75 (m, 10 H) 7.62-7.72 (m, 2 H), 7.60 (d, 4 H), 7.60-7.50 (m,2 H), 6.0 (s, 2H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 2.99 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.20-1.05 (m, 8H). LCMS: 1036.56, M/3=346.3, M/2=518.9.

EXAMPLE 17. Synthesis of {3-amino-7-[(6-{[3-({6-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl- 5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adaman tan-l- yl]formamido}hexyl)amino]-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5- e}chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] -N- [6- [ [3 - [6- [tert-butoxycarbonyl- [8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3 ,7 - dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]adamantane-l- carbonyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[977] To a solution of 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.178 mmol) in DMF (65 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (119 mg, 0.623 mmol) and HOBt (84 mg, 0.623 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. Then 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (255 mg, 0.392 mmol) and DIPEA (0.22 mL, 1.335 mmol) were added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (2x25 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (2x20 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 4 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 150 mg of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phena zin- 10-ium-2-yl]-N-[6-[[3-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8-(tert-butox ycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl- 10- phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] amino]hexyl carbamoyl] adamantane- 1 - carbonyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride.

Step-2: Synthesis of Nl,N3-bis[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium -2- yl)amino]hexyl]adamantane-l,3-dicarboxamide dichloride

[978] To the compound from Step-1 (150 mg, 0.100 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) at 0° C was added TFA (0.3 mL) dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, then the solvent was concentrated and the crude product was purified by HPLC to obtain pure product. This was treated with methanolic HC1 (4x15 mL), concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered, and washed with water (10 mL). The residue was vacuum dried under lyophilization to afford 20 mg of Nl, N3-bis[6-[(8-amino-3,7- dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)amino]hexyl]adamanta ne-l,3-dicarboxamide dichloride. 1H NMR (DMSO): δ (ppm): 7.80-7.90 (m, 10 H), 7.60 (d, 6H), 7.50-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 2.98-3.04 (m, 8H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.75 (m, 8H), 1.55-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.40 (m, 10H), 1.05 (m, 6H). LCMS: 1016.6 (M), 508.6 (M/2). EXAMPLE 18. Synthesis of 7,7'-(dodecane-l,12-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(12-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-ylamino)dodecylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

Step-1: Synthesis of 7,7'-(2,2,21,21-tetramethyl-4,19-dioxo-3,20-dioxa-5,18-diaza docosane- 5,18-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-ph enylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(12-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butox ycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin- 5 -ium- 3 -yl) amino)do

5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[979] To a stirred solution of a mixture of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (1.0 g, 1.81 mmol) in 15 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (1.48 g, 4.54 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0°C and to it was added 1,12-dibromododecane (328 mg, 0.99 mmol, diluted with 1 mL of DMF) dropwise. The reaction mixture was then stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue obtained after filtration was dissolved in diethyl ether (200 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x50 mL). The ether layer was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-20% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product (mixture of 2 products of same mass) as a dark brown solid (500 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(dodecane-l,12-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimet hyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(12-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)dodecylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium chloride:

[980] To a stirred solution of mixture of 7,7'-(2,2,21,21-tetramethyl-4,19-dioxo-3,20-dioxa- 5,18-diazadocosane-5,18-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino )-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin- 5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(12-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butox ycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)dodecy l)amino)-3-(tert-butoxy carbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (500 mg, 0.39 mmol) in 5 mL of DCM was added TFA (2 mL) at 0°C dropwise and stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtain a crude product which was purified by HPLC to afford two peaks of the same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with Methanolic HC1 and dried and then washed with water, and dried again to afford the desired products (Compound 28: 35 mg and Compound 29: 55 mg). Compound 28: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.78 (m, 10H), 7.75-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.55 (m, 7H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58(s, 2H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6 H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.20 (bs, 10H), 1.20-1.05 (m, 6H). Compound 29: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.90-7.60 (m, 15H), 7.60-7.38 (m, 3H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 6.0 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 9 H), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.38-1.20 (m, 14H), 1.18-1.02 (m, 4H). EXAMPLE 19. Synthesis of 7,7'-(octane-l,8-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl -5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride & 3-amino-7-(8-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin- -ium-3-ylamino) octylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

Safranin-0

Cs ₂C0 ₃

Step-2 1,8-diiodooctane

DMF

Step-1: Synthesis of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphena zin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphena zin-5-ium chloride. [981] To a stirred solution of Safranin-0 (10.0 g, 28.57 mmol) in 100 mL of DMF was added sodium hydride (3.42 g, 85.71 mmol) portionwise at 0°C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 15 min. Boc anhydride (12.45 g, 57.14 mmol, diluted with 15 mL of DMF) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture and stirred at RT for 2h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was quenched using

MeOH (30 mL), and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 25% DCM in hexane to 100%

DCM) to afford the desired products (a mixture of two products of the same mass) as a dark brown solid (5.0 g).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(2,2,17,17-tetramethyl-4,15-dioxo-3,16-dioxa-5,14-diaza octadecane- 5,14-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-ph enylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxy carbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)octyl)amino)-3-(tert-butoxyc arbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

[982] To a stirred solution of a mixture of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (5.0 g, 9.07 mmol) in 60 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (8.87 g, 27.22 mmol) and stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and to it was added 1,8-diiodooctane (2.05 g, 5.62 mmol, diluted with 5 mL of DMF) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (250 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x50 mL). The ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by column

chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-40% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product (mixture of 2 products of same mass) as a dark brown solid (3 g).

Step-3: Synthesis of 7,7'-(octane-l,8-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl -5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(8-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)octylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-iu m chloride.

[983] To a stirred solution of a mixture of 7,7'-(2,2,17,17-tetramethyl-4,15-dioxo-3,16-dioxa- 5 , 14-diazaoctadecane-5 , 14-diyl)bis(3 -(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8 -dimethyl-5 - phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert- butoxycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)octyl) amino)-3-(tert- butoxy carbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (2.5 g, 2.06 mmol) in 25 mL of DCM was added TFA (10 mL) at 0°C dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h.

The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtain a crude product (2 g mixture of two compounds). 400 mg of crude product was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford two peaks of the same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with methanolic HC1 and dried, and then washed with water and dried again to afford both regioisomeric products.

EXAMPLE Bl. Targeting of Raji Cells and Rabbit MSCs to Various Organs

[984] The femur, cecum, heart, kidney, liver, trachea, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and a portion of the small intestine were extracted from 3 month old C57B1/6 mice and washed 3 times with PBS in 50 ml conical tubes.

[985] Non-adherent Raji cells ( 10 ⁷) were incubated in 500 μΐ _^ of 10 μΜ calcein AM

(Invitrogen, Cat N° C3100MP) in PBS for 30 min on a shaker at RT. The cells were washed by adding 500 μΐ _^ PBS, centrifuging at 500g for 4 min, removing supernatant, and resuspending the cells in 500 μΐ _^ PBS. The cells were then incubated in 500 μΐ _^ 10 μΜ Compound 20 in PBS or in PBS alone (control) for 30 min on a shaker at RT. The cells were washed by adding 500 μΐ _^ PBS, centrifuging at 500g for 4 min, removing supernatant, and resuspending cells in 1 mL PBS. The cells were then counted, and 0.5 x 10 ⁶ cells were added over each organ in 1 mL of PBS in a p48 well plate, and incubated for 30 min at RT. The organs were then gently washed in 1 mL of PBS in a new p48 well.

[986] Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs were treated as described above, except that washing was for 2 min instead of 4 min.

[987] Adherence of the Raji cells or MSCs to the organs was evaluated by detecting the fluorescence of calcein dye using a ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (470/530 filter) and

ImageLab software and compared to the PBS control. The results are shown in FIG. 1 (Raji cells) and FIG. 2 (rbMSCs).

EXAMPLE B2. Targeting of Raji Cells to Meniscus Explants

[988] Whole menisci were extracted from 4-6 month old NZW rabbits and washed 3 times with PBS in 50 ml conical tubes. The menisci were incubated with 100 μΜ of biotin-conjugated compound 4 or biotin-conjugated compound 20 in a final volume of 1 mL in PBS or 1 mL PBS alone for 30 min at RT in a 48 well plate, then washed twice in new p48 wells with 1 mL PBS. [989] The menisci were incubated with 1 μg/ml of streptavidin-FITC (SA-FITC) (Thermo 21224) in a final volume of 1 mL in PBS for 30 min at RT in the dark, then washed twice in a new p48 well plate with 1 mL PBS. Staining of the menisci was evaluated by measuring fluorescence in FITC channel (470/530 filter) using ChemiDoc MP Imaging System and

ImageLab software.

[990] Non-adherent Raji cells (10') were incubated with compound 4 or compound 20 as described above in Example B l. Cells were counted, and 0.5 x 10 ⁶ cells were placed over the meniscus explants in 1 mL of PBS in a 48 well plate and incubated for 30 min at RT. The explants were gently washed in 1 mL of PBS in a new p48 well plate.

[991] Cell adherence to the meniscus explants was evaluated by measuring fluorescence of calcein dye using a ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (470/530 FITC filter) and ImageLab software.

[992] The results are shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B. These results demonstrate that compounds 4 and 20 promote adherence of Raji cells to meniscus explants. Compound 6873 is a

reference compound,

EXAMPLE B3. Persistance of Compound 4 in the Knee After Intra-Articular Injection

[993] Six- to eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane, and both right and left knees were shaved and washed. 250 μΐ of a solution of 10 mg/ml Compound 4 in PEG400 (Spectrum POl 10) was injected intra- articularly through the patellar ligament on the right knees. 250 μΐ of vehicle (PEG400) was injected intra- articularly into left knees as a control.

[994] Rats were euthanized at lh, 4h, 8h and 24h post-injection, and femoral condyles were extracted for macroscopic and fluorescence evaluation using a Gel Logic Pro6000 Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software.

[995] The results are shown in FIG. 4. These results demonstrate that compound 4 is present in the knee 24 hr after intra- articular injection. EXAMPLE B4. Staining of Small Intestine After Oral Administration of Compound 20

[996] Six- to eight-week old C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane. A solution of 10 mg/ml Compound 4 in 20% cyclodextrin was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg. A solution of 20% cyclodextrin was administered by oral gavage as a control.

[997] After 24h, mice were euthanized and a portion of small intestine and Peyer' s patches were extracted, washed in PBS and fluorescence was measured using a Gel Logic Pro6000 Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software.

[998] The results are shown in FIG. 5 A and FIG. 5B. These results demonstrate that Compound 4 stains the small intestine but not Peyer' s patches after oral administration.

EXAMPLE B5. Organ Staining Following Oral Administration of Compound 4

[999] Six- to eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane. A solution of 10 mg/ml Compound 4 or 10 mg/ml Safranin-0 (Sigma S8884) in 20% cyclodextrin (Sigma C4805) was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg. A solution of 20% cyclodextrin was administered by oral gavage as a control.

[1000] After 24h, rats were euthanized and different organs were extracted and washed in PBS. Fluorescence was measured using a Gel Logic Pro6000 Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software to determine the localization of Compound 4 or safranin-O. The results are shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.

EXAMPLE B6. Organ Staining Following Intravenous Administration of Compound 4

[1001] Six- to eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane. A solution of 100 mg/ml Compound 4 in 100% DMSO was administered intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/Kg. A solution of 100% DMSO was administered IV as a control.

[1002] After 2h, rats were euthanized and different organs were extracted and washed in PBS. Fluorescence was measured using a Gel Logic Pro6000 Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software to determine where Compound 4 was localized. The results are shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.

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