VOLTAGE SWITCH SYSTEMS THAT CAN BE SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER DUE

TO METAL PLATES

Technical Field

The invention relates to a modular and convertible insulating pole structure that allows the formation of different functional parts used for different purposes in metal clad cell systems.

Prior Art

According to international standards, current-voltage levels are classified in two ways;

- Low Voltage < IkV AC (or 1,500V DC)

- High Voltage > IkV AC (or 1,500V DC) ,

While high voltage is used for energy transmission and distribution, the systems used by end energy consumers can be defined as low voltage applications. Since there are significant differences in products and applications at high voltage, the voltage level between IkV and 52kV is also called Medium Voltage . Medium Voltage Cells can be used at voltage levels between 3kV - 40.5kV, up to 50kA short circuit current value

Medium voltage cells are systems that are used up to 36 kV voltage level, designed according to the needs of enterprises or distribution companies such as input, output, transformer protection cells and used to control energy with medium voltage devices such as a breaker, disconnector, current transformer, voltage transformer. Today, open-type medium voltage cells and modular-type medium voltage cells are used. Some of the advantages of modular-type cells over open-type cells are that they require less maintenance, provide a safe working environment, and take up less space.

Medium voltage modular cells are compact devices that contain medium voltage control devices such as breakers, disconnectors, current and voltage transformers, and many other elements such as busbars and cable entry points. They offer a safe working environment and require less maintenance than open-type cells as they have no contact with the outside. Since they take up little space, it is easy to add new cells to the system according to the need.

Medium voltage modular cells are divided into two types: air insulated, and gas insulated.

Another name for air-insulated modular cells is metal-enclosed modular cells. In this type of modular cell, busbar outputs and cable connections are air insulated, i.e., the inside of the modular cell is covered with air, but the cutting and separation process is performed under SF6 gas or vacuum. Airinsulated modular cells are divided into two types: Metal Enclosed and Metal Clad according to the physical structure of the cell.

Metal clad cells (medium voltage switchgear systems that can be separated from each other by metal plates) can be applied in various areas. In fact, this equipment is known as a switchgear system. The application areas of the equipment include power generation and distribution facilities in general. For example, hospitals, shopping malls, iron and steel enterprises , airports , railways , and ports are among the application areas . Like other medium voltage cells , metal clad cells are suitable for many applications where medium voltage is required .

Metal clad cells , which are safer in terms of medium voltage control and human health, are superior to other facilities in terms of use and against hazards . It provides a controlled and safe use of medium voltage . There is no complex and dangerous environment as in previous trans former rooms and control units . Complete operational safety is ensured and damage to the health of the operator is prevented . These cells insulate the energy from the external environment , making its use more comfortable and safer . It is always desirable that the gas materials selected for the insulation of systems and devices used in medium and high-voltage power generation, transmission, and distribution form a reliable working environment . In a switchgear center, all necessary functional units can be easily installed side by side .

More speci fically, metal clad cells can be defined as medium voltage switchgear systems consi sting of 3 main and 1 auxiliary section, separated by grounded metal plates , with drawer or carriage-type switching elements .

The compartments located within the metal clad are insulated from each other by grounded metal plates . This allows the system to be operated safely .

Metal Clad cells consist of 4 sections ( 3 main - 1 auxiliary) as described above . These sections are the busbar compartment , breaker ( switching element ) compartment, cable compartment , and low voltage compartment . Busbar Compartment :

It has a 3-phase busbar system made of high-conductivity electrolytic copper . The busbars are fixed to the cell body with insulators . It is not preferred to have any other element other than the busbar in this compartment and access is possible only with tools . The covers that allow gas evacuation in case of arcing in the cell are located at the top of the busbar compartment .

When metal partitioned modular cells are installed side by side , the busbar connection between the cells is made with 3 busbars of suitable cross-sections .

• Control and Switching Element Compartment :

This compartment is where the control and switching element is located; this can be a breaker, contactor, or disconnector . The control and switching element has a drawer or carriage structure , provided with curtains that open and close automatically when the breaker is moved in and out . The movable contacts of the breaker are connected to the fixed contacts on the busbar above and the cable below by means of tulip contacts . When the breaker is moved to the test position, these curtains al so close automatically to provide insulation . Optionally, these curtains can be padlocked so that the breaker compartment is completely insulated from the other compartments when the breaker is in the test position . Access to this compartment is possible by opening the cel l door from the front .

In this section, there is a circuit breaker and/or grounding disconnector according to the cell type as a switching element . In the breaker room, the SF6 breaker, vacuum breaker, disconnector, fuse , vacuum contactor, disconnecting busbars , and voltage trans formers can be mounted on the carriage .

The circuit breaker used as a switching element can be operated with di f ferent breaker carriages to suit di f ferent application needs .

• Low Voltage and Control Compartment :

It is the section provided with all kinds of protection relays , control elements , and measuring instruments upon request . It is in a grounded metal box to prevent damage to personnel and materials in the event of an internal failure in the panel . Control and monitoring materials are designed at an easily controllable height . Connections of transition cables ( auxiliary feeds and interlocks ) between panels are easily made .

Cable Compartment :

It is the compartment where medium voltage cables enter . The cable connection room is at the rear bottom of the cell . Mains cables are connected to the connection terminal located under the grounding disconnector . In addition, power cables are connected to the busbar with cable headers in this compartment .

Glands and clamps are provided at the cable entries to allow the cables to stand upright in the cell . Access to the cable connection section is only possible by de-energi zing the section and closing the grounding disconnector . This ensures high operational safety . The cable connection section also contains materials such as breakers , voltage trans formers , grounding disconnectors , fuses , capacitive voltage dividers or surge arresters, thyroid-type current transformers, fixed contacts, epoxy sleeve insulators that provide passage with the breaker section according to the characteristics of the cell. The cable connection section is of suitable dimensions for the safe termination of single or three-core cables of the appropriate nominal value.

As explained above, the SF6 breaker, vacuum breaker, disconnector, fuse, vacuum contactor, disconnecting busbars, and voltage transformers can be mounted on the carriage in the breaker section of the metal clad cell.

In the ordinary state of the art, 3 different carriage forms with 3 different components can be used for 3 different needs.

These different carriage forms;

• busbar amplification type with busbar amplification units ,

• voltage transformer type with fuse and voltage transformer,

• fused type insulating poles with busbar and fuse can be included in their structure.

In the present technique, the insulating pole used for each type of carriage must be formed separately and connected to the carriage. This both increases production costs and may cause the product to lack capacity.

For example, bare copper is covered with a heat shrink tube to form the busbar amplification units used within the busbar amplification type insulating pole. The tubing used is intended to provide electrical insulation. Although the insulation of the busbars with epoxy is included in the usual state of the art , it is insuf ficient because the thickness of the cover is insuf ficient and may cause temperature-related cracks in the cover .

These embodiments with tubing or epoxy, which is in state of the art , are often insuf ficient for complete and environmental insulation .

I f a fuse is added to this busbar, a fused-type insulating pole can be formed by connecting the fuse to the busbar from the outside . However, the fuse is connected to the busbar from the outside and remains outside the insulation .

This structure leads to the risk of manual intervention in the fuse as the fuse remains naked .

A separate production must also be made to form the voltage trans former type insulating pole , which includes the fuse and voltage trans former .

In present systems , structural and insulation deficiencies during forming of these 3 types of forms can lead to signi ficant handicaps .

In the present art , the insuf ficient insulation of the insulating poles ( considering the units that are not insulated at all , such as fuses ) requires a high phase-to-phase distance during the sequence . This leads to an increase in the distances between the insulating poles , thus increasing the volume of the section where they are positioned .

The patent application numbered TR 2018 / 09241 discloses the 36 KV breaker compartment structure in metal clad cells . It is understood that the application mentions the breaker compartment door, which prevents the breaker compartment door from being easily opened and dislodged in unwanted situations in case of internal arcing in the breaker compartment in metal clad cells , preventing inj uries to people working in front of the cell and enabling easy breaker guidance with the buttons on the breaker compartment door .

Problems to be Solved with the Invention

The invention is forming a modular and convertible insulating sheath structure that allows to the formation of di f ferent insulating poles belonging to 3 di f ferent types of carriages used within the breaker carriages , which are connected to the breaker section of the metal clad cell .

In this way, configurations with busbar ampli fication type , voltage trans former type and fused type insulating poles can be formed using modular and convertible insulating pole subparts .

Thanks to the modular and convertible construction, the user will be able to form insulating poles with di f ferent functions using the same common parts .

In this way, costs such as production, inventory, operation, etc . can be signi ficantly reduced .

The user can form the busbar ampli fication type by connecting the 2 insulating sheaths forming the busbar ampl i fication unit to each other and mounting them on the control and switching element carriage . Again, the user can form the fused type by connecting the insulating sheaths , at least one of which is fused, to each other and mounting them on the control and switching element carriage .

The user can form a voltage trans former type by connecting the voltage trans former to the insulating sheath and mounting it on the control and switching element carriage .

The structure of the invention is operated by positioning all of the functional parts in the insulating sheaths previously formed by molding the polymer raw material . In this way, it will be possible to form insulating poles with continuous and uni form electrical insulation capability .

With this restructuring, it will be possible to use thicker insulation materials , which will increase the insulation capability for components . This will allow, for example , the 36kV system capacity mentioned in the application numbered 2018 / 09241 to be increased . For example , it will be possible to form a 40 . 5kV system structure with the structure of the invention .

Since the distance between the busbars can be reduced by increasing the insulation capability of the insulating poles , the volume of the section allocated for this work in the breaker can also be reduced .

It will be possible to form a safer system for users if di f ferent parts can be removed and installed in the insulating sheath and all parts can be insulated in the sheath . For example , since the fuse will remain in the insulating sheath, it is no longer a risk for the user . Description of the Figures

Figure 1. Top view of the busbar amplification type insulating pole,

Figure 2. Perspective view of the busbar amplification type insulating pole,

Figure 3. Cross-sectional view of busbar amplification type insulating pole,

Figure 4. Detailed view of the amplification copper and scale,

Figure 5. Perspective view of voltage transformer type insulating pole,

Figure 6. A sectional view of voltage transformer type insulating pole,

Figure 7. Cross-sectional view of fused type insulating pole,

Figure 8. View of busbar amplification-type insulating poles mounted on the carriage,

Figure 9. View of voltage transformer-type insulating poles mounted on the carriage,

Figure 10. Perspective view of the insulating sheath in an empty state,

Figure 11. Cross-sectional view of the insulating sheath in an empty state.

Description of the References in the Figures

1. Insulating sheath

1.1. Front cavity

1.2. Connection group connection housing

1.3. Fuse operating components connection housing

1.4. Connection group fixing element

2. Elbow section

2.1. Elbow connection housing

3. Mounting element

3.1. Mounting bolt

3.2. Mounting nut 4. Crimped section

5. Tulip contact busbar connection group

6. Flanged bolt

7. Amplification copper

8. Amplification copper stamp

9. Voltage transformer

10. Voltage transformer connection element

11. Fuse sleeve contact point

12. High voltage fuse

13. Fuse blown shaft

14. Fuse blowing shaft cover

15. Interconnection copper

16. Insulating pole interconnection

17. Fuse transition copper

18. Tulip contact fuse connection group

19. Tulip contact fused type busbar connection group

20. Fuse spring ion of the Invention

The invention relates to a modular and convertible insulating pole that is connected to the control and switching element carriage in compartmentalized medium- voltage switchgear cells (metal clad) which can be separated from each other by means of metal plates and allows to form control and switching element carriages of different structures including busbar amplification type, voltage transformer type, and fused type breakers .

The said insulating pole comprises; an insulating sheath (1) made of polymer materials with electrical insulating properties provided with at least one connection group connection housing (1.2) for the removal and installation of a tulip contact fuse connection group (18) , a tulip contact fuse type busbar connection group (19) and a tulip contact busbar connection group (5) ; at least one front cavity (1.1) for the external connection of the said tulip contacts; at least one fuse operating components connection housing (1.3) for the removal and installation of the operating components for the fuse, at least one elbow section (2) formed in the continuation of the said insulating sheath (1) , in the inner part of which an elbow connection housing (2.1) is formed, the mounting element (3) which is associated with the elbow section (2) and removably connects the insulating sheath (1) to another insulating sheath (1) or the voltage transformer (9) .

Thanks to the embodiment described above, using a single insulating sheath (1) will enable the formation of busbar amplification type including busbar amplification units, voltage transformer type including fuse and voltage transformer, and fused type insulating poles with busbar and fuse .

The insulating sheath (1) is made of electrically insulating polymer materials. In this way, electrical insulation of all kinds of materials positioned inside the insulating sheath (1) can be provided.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating sheath (1) completely encloses and surrounds the components positioned therein. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating sheath (1) is made of epoxy.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a crimped section (4) is formed on at least one part of the insulating sheath (1) . This curved section (4) increases the surface area and thus increases the insulating ability of these sections.

According to Figure 1, the insulating sheath (1) has 2 crimped sections (4) thereon.

Thanks to the connection group connection housing (1.2) in the structure of the insulating sheath (1) ; it provides a configuration suitable for the installation of tulip contact fuse connection group (18) , tulip contact fuse type busbar connection group (19) and tulip contact busbar connection group (5) with different structures. Whichever of these connection groups (5, 18, 19) the user wants to use, they will be able to place it in the insulating sheath (1) .

For example, if the user wants to form the carriage detail shown in Figure 8 with busbar amplification-type insulating poles, it may be sufficient to connect two insulating sheaths (1) to each other. In this case, the tulip contact busbar connection group (5) will be positioned in both insulating sheaths ( 1 ) .

Since this configuration does not require fuse operating components, the connection housing for fuse operating components (1.3) is left empty.

The connection of the two insulating sheaths (1) to each other can be achieved by means of mounting elements (3) formed at the ends of the elbow section (2) . By forming the mounting elements (3) at the end of the elbow section (2) , each insulating sheath (1) is separated from the other. In this way, jumps and explosions that may occur in the two sheaths (1) are minimized.

According to Figures 3 and 4, the tulip contact busbar connection group (5) is formed by the amplification coppers (7) and amplification copper stamps (8) . These materials are positioned in the cavity formed in the elbow section (2) . This cavity is formed by connecting two elbows (2) and their respective elbow connection housings (2.1) .

Figures 5 and 9 show voltage transformer-type insulating poles, where the voltage transformer (9) is connected to the insulating sheath (1) .

Figure 6 shows that the mounting element (3) of the insulating sheath (1) is connected to the voltage transformer (9) . In order to connect the internal components, a section of the voltage transformer (9) is inserted into the elbow connection housing (2.1) formed in the elbow section (2) .

After this connection, the other end of the voltage transformer (9) is provided with a voltage transformer connection element (10) so that the voltage transformer (9) can be connected to the components of the control and switching carriage.

In this configuration, the tulip contact fuse connection group (18) is positioned in the connection group connection housing (1.1) of the insulating sheath (1) . The fuse blowing shaft (13) and the fuse blowing shaft cover (14) are connected to the fuse operating components connection housing (1.3) . In order to operate the fuse blowing shaft (13) , the shaft (13) can also be provided with at least one fuse spring (20) .

The tulip contact fuse connection group (18) comprises a high- voltage fuse (12) in its structure. The high-voltage fuse (12) is connected to the voltage transformer (9) by at least one interconnection copper (15) . This connection is provided by means of the elbow connection cavity (2.1) .

The connection of the high-voltage fuse (12) to the fuse operating components connection housing (1.3) is ensured by means of the contact point (11) of the fuse sleeve. In this way, the high-voltage fuse (12) is associated with the fuseblowing shaft (13) and the fuse-blowing shaft cover (14) .

Figure 7 shows a fused-type insulating pole. This configuration is formed by connecting two insulating sheaths (1) to each other.

The two insulating sheaths (1) can be connected to each other by means of mounting elements (3) formed at the ends of the elbow section (2) . By forming the mounting elements (3) at the end of the elbow section (2) , each insulating sheath (1) is separated from the other. In this way, jumps and explosions that may occur in the two sheaths (1) are minimized.

Within this embodiment, one of the insulating sheaths (1) comprises the tulip contact fuse connection group (18) and the other tulip contact fuse type busbar connection group (19) in the connection group connection housing (1.2) .

As in the insulating sheath of the type comprising a voltage transformer, the tulip contact fused type busbar connection group (18) comprises a high voltage fuse (12) in its structure. These two insulating sheaths (1) can be formed in an identical structure.

In this sense, the connection housing (1.3) for the fuse operating components of the insulating sheath (1) can be provided with the fuse operating components fuse blowing shaft (13) , fuse blowing shaft cover (14) , and fuse spring (20) .

The internal components of the two insulating sheaths (1) are connected to each other by means of elbow connection housings (2.1) formed in the elbow section (2) .

For this purpose, the tulip contact fuse connection group (18) and tulip contact fuse type busbar connection group (19) are connected by means of insulating pole interconnection (16) . Insulating pole interconnection (16) is provided with fuse transition copper (17) .

The insulating sheath (1) has at least one front cavity (1.1) for positioning the tulip contact fuse connection group (18) , tulip contact fuse type busbar connection group (19) , and tulip contact busbar connection group (5) with different functions in the connection group connection housing (1.2) .

The front cavity (1.1) is provided with at least one connection group fixing element (1.4) . According to Figure 10, the front cavity (1.1) is provided with 2 connection group fixing elements (1.4) .

The connection group fixing element (1.4) is suitable for the connection of flanged bolts (6) . Thanks to this connection, the tulip contact fuse connection group (18) , tulip contact fuse type busbar connection group (19) and tulip contact busbar connection group (5) can be fixed in the connection group connection housing (1.2) in a way that they can be removed and installed.

With the invention, a single insulating sheath (1) can be used to form insulating poles for busbar amplification type, voltage transformer type, and fused type breakers with different structures.

As described above, it is possible to form 3 types of insulating poles by changing the internal components of the insulating sheaths (1) and connecting them to each other or the voltage transformer (9) .

These insulating poles can be connected to the control and switching carriage component to form different types of control and switching carriages such as busbar amplification type (Figure 8) , voltage transformer type (Figure 9) , and fused type breaker type carriages.