Related Background Electrical sub-stations provide local power to communities around the world. They include electrical transformers and other equipment used to convert high- voltage, low current electricity to low voltage, high current for local consumption.

The equipment used in the sub-stations has exposed electrically charged areas that if touched by an object, may be electrically grounded thereby shorting out the equipment and tripping a circuit breaker. The end result is a disruption of power and/or equipment damage.

Electrical shorting of sub-station equipment occurs mostly when rodents such as squirrels, rats, mice, raccoons and snakes, traverse the equipment and electrically connect a positively charged portion to ground, the animal body acting as a circuit bridge.

Although most, if not all, sub-stations include common fence structures (e. g., chain-link fencing) to keep both trespassers and animals away from equipment, the fences do not entirely stop animals from entering the grounds of a sub-station. Many animals are able to climb the fence and negotiate any other impediment to their path, i. e., barbed wire, to enter the grounds.

Thus, there is a need for an inexpensive, easily installed system which will deter animals from entering the grounds of an enclosed area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention addresses the above problem and presents a new and novel fencing system for deterring animals from entering/leaving an enclosed area.

In one aspect of the present invention, an electric fence includes a support structure spanning a vertical distance with a plurality of conductors spaced apart along the support structure to cover a majority of the vertical distance. A pair of the conductors may be charged to create a difference of electric potential between them.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a modular electric fence system includes a plurality of interconnected fence panels as described in the previous aspect, and also includes a charger for applying a difference in electrical potential to at least one of the conductors, a gate having a first side hinged to a side of a first fence panel and a second side removably fastened to a side of a last fence panel, and a self-supporting stand mountable to at least one of the fence panels for holding the fencing system upright.

The support structure may include at least two substantially vertical members spaced apart from one another by a substantially horizontal member, with each vertical member connectable to a corresponding vertical member of an adjacent fence panel.

Either of the above aspects may also include a wire conductor positioned at the top of the support structure, where the wire is charged to a difference of electric potential relative to one of the conductors adjacently positioned below the wire conductor.

It is a feature of the above aspects of the present invention that as an animal climbs the fence, it receives an electrical shock when it bridges oppositely charged conductors which deter the animal from climbing further. In most circumstances, the animal immediately jumps off the fence and scurries away.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a modular fence system includes a plurality of fence panels each having a support structure as described in the previous aspects. The system also includes a plurality of self-supporting stands, with each stand

being shared between said vertical end members of two fence panels. Each stand includes a flat base and a first rod projecting substantially vertical from the flat base and having a length substantially equal to a majority of the vertical distance of the support structure. The first rod receives a vertical end member of a first fence panel. The stand also includes a second rod spaced apart from the first rod and projecting substantially vertical from the base. The second rod includes a length substantially shorter than the length of the first rod and receives a vertical end member of a second panel adjacent to the first panel.

The space between the first rod and the second rod allows the first fence panel to pivot on the first rod in the z direction and allows the first fence panel to swing around the first rod in the x and y planes. The space between the first-rod and the second rod allows the vertical end member of the second fence panel to be easily removed therefrom.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic elevational view of a fence panel according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top plan view of an electric fence system according to the present invention.

Fig. 3A is a partial schematic elevational view of a fence panel having perforated metal panels.

Fig. 3B is a partial, expanded view of the fence panel of Fig. 3A.

Fig. 4 is a partial elevational perspective view illustrating a corner connection between adjacent fence panels according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of an access platform and gate for the electric fence system according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the access platform illustrating the removal of a step member according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a self-supporting stand for use with the electric fence system according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a front sectional view of the self-supporting stand illustrated with two adjacent fence panels according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a front view of a charging device for applying a difference in electrical potential between two conductors on the fence system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Figures 1-9 illustrate the fence system according to the present invention. The fence system 1 includes a plurality of individual fence panels 2 that can be arranged in any convenient configuration. The panels may be re-arranged easily, so that the enclosed area may be enlarged or made smaller.

Each fence panel 2 includes a support structure made up of a plurality of hollow plastic tubes or pipes. Such pipes are generally made of PVC and are available in a number of different lengths and diameters. Although the present invention is shown and described using plastic tubes, the support members may have other cross-sectional shapes (e. g., square, rectangular,

triangular, etc.) and may be made of any non-conductive material (e. g., wood).

The tubes are fitted and affixed with each other to form the support structure with the required structural characteristics. The support structure may include two vertical end members 4 positioned on either end of the panel, a top horizontal member 8, a bottom horizontal member 10, and two vertical inner members 6 positioned equidistantly along the top and bottom horizontal members 8 and 10 to divide the fence panel into three equal sections.

The ends of each of the top and bottom horizontal members 8 and 10 are received in corresponding recesses positioned adjacent the top and bottom portions of each vertical end member 4. The vertical inner members 6 are received in the top horizontal member 8 in a pass- through recess which allows the top of the vertical inner member 6 to project out past the top horizontal member 8. The bottom of the vertical inner member 6 is received in a recess opening of the bottom horizontal member 10 that corresponds in position to the pass- through recesses of the top horizontal member 8.

The support structure also may include additional horizontal members 14 that are received in pass-through recesses in the vertical inner members 6. The additional horizontal members 14 may be affixed to or received in recesses formed in the vertical end members 4, in which case the top horizontal member 8 may not be necessary. Alternatively, the ends of the horizontal members 14 may approach or abut the vertical end members 4 without being affixed thereto.

All of the support members are affixed one another via either adhesive, frictional fit, fasteners or a combination thereof. One skilled in the art would appreciate that many different support structure/panel configurations are possible using support members according to the present design. Specifically, panels of any specific length and height may be made.

Moreover, depending upon the structural rigidity of the support members, some of the support members may not be necessary (e. g., vertical/horizontal inner members).

Attached to the support structure are a plurality of wire grid conductors 12 having a predetermined width and a length equal to the length of the fence panel 2.

They are affixed to the fence panels 2 using self- tapping steel screw fasteners 24, which automatically create a hole as they are turned into the member.

Other fasteners may also be used to attach the conductors to the support structure, they include rivets, clips, and hangers. Conductors may also be adhered to the support members using epoxy adhesives and the like, or even welded in place. Moreover, the conductors may also be fitted into recesses in the vertical members.

It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that wire-grid conductors 12 of high tensile strength could be used to horizontally stabilize the support structure, thereby eliminating the use of any horizontal support members.

The conductors are spaced apart along the support structure and cover a majority of the vertical distance. It is preferred that the conductors are spaced along most of the vertical distance of the support structure from bottom to top. The distance between adjacent conductors may generally be about 0.25-6" and preferably between 0.5-2".

Adjacent conductors may be oppositely charged so that an animal climbing the fence will receive an electrical shock once it touches the next higher, adjacent conductor. Thus, the first conductor positioned along the bottom of the support structure may be positively or negatively charged, with the next conductor positioned above the bottom conductor having an opposite charge. It is preferred that the first conductor positioned adjacent the ground have a negative charge since there is a greater possibility of a positively charged first conductor shorting to ground due to moisture.

In an effort to stop animals from crawling through the spaces between the conductors, the tops and bottoms of the conductors are bent towards or away from the enclosed area. An animal who attempts to climb between the conductors encounters more than the wire-width of the conductor to negotiate a shockless path to get to the enclosed area.

Another technique to help prevent animals from crawling through the spaces between conductors is to include additional horizontal members 14, as discussed above.

Because these members are non-conductive, they may be used to partially or completely fill the gaps between the conductors without causing an electrical short circuit.

Ordinarily, as discussed above, animals climbing the fence will receive an electrical shock upon touching the next higher, adjacent conductor and will jump or fall off the fence. However, it has been found that birds may land on a conductor and, upon touching the higher conductor, may be unable to release their grip on the lower conductor. To help prevent this, additional horizontal members 14 may be included, as discussed above. These members act as bird guards to prevent birds from landing on the top edges of the conductors in the gaps between conductors.

It also has been found that small snakes may be able to crawl through wire grids and that such snakes have as much potential to damage electrical equipment as larger snakes. To help prevent this, as shown in Figures 3A and 3B, metal plates 16 (e. g., perforated aluminum plates with 1/4"holes) may be used as conductors instead of wire grids 12. The perforated metal plates

16 act as snake guards to prevent small snakes from penetrating the fence.

Perforated metal plates 16 may be used for all of the conductors, or, alternatively, only for a selected number of the lower conductors, with wire grid 12 being used for the remaining, upper conductors. For example, Figures 3A and 3B show a fence module in which the two lower conductors are perforated panels 16 and the two upper conductors are wire grids 12.

Of course, the metal plates 16 need not necessarily be perforated. Solid metal plates also may be used.

However, perforated plates lessen the wind resistance of the fence panel, which may be advantageous under certain environmental conditions. Other types of metal plates having air openings also may be used as a snake guard, such as screens, mesh, and fine grids. In addition, perforated plates are lighter than solid plates of the same material and thickness, which tends to reduce material and shipping costs.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a wire conductor 11 having a charge opposite to the

conductor positioned immediately below, is strung across the top of fence panel 2. The wire conductor 11 is provided in this location so that in case an animal jumps from the ground or an adjacent object to the top conductor, it will encounter the wire 11 when it tries to get into the fenced enclosure, and thus, receive a shock.

Although two conductors carrying an electrical potential between them is sufficient to enable the present invention to work, it is preferred that at least two wire-grid conductors be used in conjunction with the top-wire conductor. It is most preferred that an even number plurality of wire-grid conductors be used with the top wire conductor, where the first wire- grid conductor positioned adjacent the ground be negatively charged, adjacent wire-grid conductors being oppositely charged, and the top wire conductor having a negative charge.

Using a standard size conductor for modularity, the number of conductors is directly dependent upon the height of the fence. Thus, the higher the fence, a greater number of conductors is required. Generally, a

four foot high fence will suffice for most applications, and by using wire-grid conductors having a width of about approximately 9", a total of four would be preferred used in conjunction with the top wire conductor.

Although all conductors on each panel may be electrically linked to corresponding conductors positioned on adjacent panels, only one positive charged conductor and one negative charged conductor are required to be electrically connected to corresponding conductors on adjacent fence panels.

Each respective set of positively charged conductors and negatively charged conductors on a fence panel are then interconnected to charge the remaining conductors.

As shown in Figure 4, connector 26 electrically connects a set of similarly charged adjacent conductors on two fence panels, and connector 28 electrically connects a second set of similarly charged adjacent conductors having a charge opposite to that of the set of conductors connected by connector 26.

The conductors may be charged via any commercially available, agricultural-type pulsating DC voltage

charging device 48 (low current) and may be located anywhere near the fencing system. All that is required is that it be electrically connected to at least one of the conductors requiring positive charging. With the advent of solar powered charging devices and rechargeable batteries, location to an AC power outlet is not required, although may be used for charging devices requiring AC voltage.

Typical agricultural charging devices generally include a voltage meter 50 which reads voltage at the end of the fence system--a specific voltage, and a power switch 52. An audible sound is made when a positive and negative conductor are bridged. However, if such an audible sound is present and the voltage meter reads zero, the fence may be shorting out, or may contain a break in the electrical connection between the charging unit and the fence, or between fence panels.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the charging unit is located on an insulated stand near a gated entry, since an entry is generally located at a convenient access point.

To make the panels stand upright, a novel stand base 38 is used. The stand bases include a large, flat footprint 40 made up of either a solid flat panel, or pre-formed rod that is bent into a specific shape (e. g., circular, triangular, rectangular). Projecting up from the center 42 of the base is a panel receiving area. The panel receiving area may be a recess for receiving then of fence panel, or it may be a rod that is received in a vertical member.

As shown in Figure 7, a metal rod is bent in a circular shape, with ends the ends of the rod terminating in the center. Projecting up from the center is a first rod 44, which is received within the end of the vertical end member of a first fence panel. The first rod spans a vertical distance substantially equal to the length of the vertical members. A second shorter rod 46 also projects up from the base, but by only a few inches.

The shorter rod is used to connect an adjacent second panel to the stand base. One end of the first panel receives the first long rod, and one end of the second panel receives the second short rod.

The stand bases enable the fence system according to the present invention to be easily installed and keep the fence system from collapsing by keeping each section of the fence substantially vertical and interconnecting the bottoms of adjacent fence panels.

U-shaped brackets 20 having ends attached by fasteners 22 to the top of a vertical end member of a panel are used to secure the upper portions of adjacent end members. When adjacent fence panels are brought together after placing them on respective first and second rods of a stand base, a U bracket is affixed to one end member and then folded over the end member of the adjacent panel.

It is a feature of this design that any fence panel may be used as a gate. The end of the panel receiving the first rod of the stand base acts as the gate hinge allowing the remaining end to swing inward or outward.

All that is required of the swinging end is that the bottom be lifted slightly to overcome the second rod of the stand base. This is easily accomplished since the first and second rods are spaced apart from one another at a distance that allows the swinging end of the fence panel to pivot up and down slightly--enough so that

the bottom of the end may be lifted off the shorter second rod.

Although the stand bases are not required to be dug into the ground, it is preferred that a ballast or gravel be used to cover the base of the stand as an added measure to keep the fence system securely upright. Since most substations include a gravel ground cover, covering the stand bases is easily accomplished. An installer simply rakes back the stone, places the stand base down, then covers over the base of the stand base with the raked back stone.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a unique gateway 29 for easy entry into and out of the fenced enclosure is provided. The gateway includes a flat platform 30 which includes panel terminating areas 32 and 34 provided on two opposite sides. The platform terminating areas may be designed similar to the stand bases by using vertical rods received in the ends of respective fence panels, or any other convenient method of securing each end of a first and last fence panel to either side of the gateway (e. g., latches, fasteners, recesses, etc.).

Between the two terminating areas on the platform is an opening including a gate 31. The gate is similarly designed to the individual fencing panels, except that it is smaller. It is generally sized to that of a typical doorway, or between 3-5 feet, and preferably between 3-4 feet. Since the gate is small in length, only two vertical members are necessary.

The gateway may also include a solid step 36 positioned under the gate. This feature enables an enclosed area to be easily accessed in the event of deep snow, without having to shovel snow away from the gateway.

To allow large equipment to pass through the gateway without having to lift it over the step, the step may be removable.

Although the present invention is illustrated using a gateway to access the enclosed area, it is not necessary. Any fence panel may be used as a gate.

Other variations and modifications of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in this art after careful study of this application. This invention is not to be limited except as set forth in the following claims.