AGAINST IONIZING RADIATION

Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a multilayer composite panel that is based on the principle of functionalization of existing organic and spatial materials that provides protection from ionizing radiation (gamma, alpha, beta, etc.) as well as thermal insulation. The present invention aims to make the environments that are made unsuitable for life by the types of ionizing radiation habitable by means of the layers formed from organic and inorganic materials. The present invention was developed for use in nuclear energy study areas exposed to radiation, in radiological applications and especially in environments made unsuitable for life by ionizing radiation types, in extraterrestrial habitats.

State of the Art

The need for the reduction of harmful effects of ionizing radiation on living things is encountered in many fields such as medical radiological applications, nuclear energy systems, communication infrastructure systems and R&D studies in space environment. Currently, this need is met by preferring aluminum [1], lead steel, concrete plates, and plastics such as PLA, ASA, PETG [2] In the majority of the studies given in the literature, heavy industry products are preferred in order to provide a radiation protection zone.

In the literature studies, the aluminum plates are indicated as a practical industrial solution preventing ionizing radiation. However, for Mars and similar space missions expected to be carried out in the near future, aluminum has not been qualified as a preferable material since aluminum material is not suitable to be transported and installed within economic limits. Limitations on exposure to ionizing radiation require the thickness of the aluminum shield to be over 100 g/cm ² (37 cm) [1] However, optimizing the aluminum plate as a shielding material for a Mars mission is impractical since a 1 m ² of aluminum plate with a depth of 37 cm weighs approximately 999 kg.

It is stated in the literature that the lead plate is a solution to prevent gamma radiation. In researches on Mars and similar space missions, it has been stated that a 39.6 cm thick lead plate can block gamma radiation [3]. It is stated in the literature that PLA (Plastic Layer) is an alternative solution that can be used in space missions with its biodegradable and radiation resistance [4] Scientists envisage that a physical layer to be produced from water ice will provide ionizing and thermal radiation protection due to the high hydrogen content it contains. Alternatives that can be used for protection from radiation are compared to each other, and aluminum is the least effective alternative. Water is 15% more effective than aluminum at 10 g/cm ² . Liquid hydrogen is 250% more effective than water and 288% more effective than aluminum at 10 g/cm ² [3]. Other alternatives are ASA and PETG plastics.

In the prior art, the multilayer plate described in patent application numbered CN1 11446016A has randomly combined first-layer plate, a second-layer plate, a third- layer plate, and a fourth-layer plate. The first-layer plate is a gradient multilayer film plate and has an invisible protection function of laser detection and infrared detection prevention; the second-layer plate is a gradient prefabricated multilayer plate and has a buffer layer function of secondary electromagnetic radiation, ionizing radiation and nuclearradiation prevention; the third-layer plate is a metal-nonmetal composite gradient plate and has the functions of neutron radiation resistance, rigid bulletproof impact resistance and heat resistance; and the fourth-layer plate is a gradient composite multilayer film plate and has nuclear radiation prevention and hydrophobic sterilization functions. However, herbal ingredients are not included here, there is no purpose of functionalizing existing materials in organic and space, and no use is disclosed in environments that are rendered unsuitable for life.

In the prior art, patent application numbered US2019248987A1 discloses a new composite material comprising nanocellulose and hemp. Here, pure hemp, hemp bast fibers, hemp inner fibers, hemp shives, hemp leaves, hemp seeds, or ground hemp are used as hemp. Construction blocks or panels are described here; these are engineered parts; fire-resistant objects; coatings; containers; textile compositions; and fabric materials. The composite material may also include one or more additives to modify mechanical, thermal, chemical, and/or electrical properties. However, the composite material described here would not be suitable for use in environments that are rendered unsuitable for life by ionizing radiation types, since there is no protection effect from ionizing radiation here.

The project named “MycoTree” in the prior art is a spatial branching structure composed of load-bearing mycelium components. Its geometry was designed using 3D graphic statics, keeping the weak material in compression only. Its complex nodes were grown in digitally fabricated molds. Fungal mycelium, the vegetative structure of fungi, is a fibrous material and consists of branching, thread-like hyphae. It is known that commercially produced mycelial materials are not insulating, flame retardant, and do not produce toxic gases. The use of mycelium is also included in architectural studies conducted by NASA. In addition, it was stated that stabilized regolith, which is critical for Moon or Mars exploration, can be used as a basic construction material for basic infrastructure systems.

The prior art includes several examples of architectural and construction applications for life on Mars. MARSHA proposes the use of a dual-shell scheme in order to isolate habitable areas from structural stresses brought on by Mars' extreme temperature swings. This dual-shell scheme separates the internal environment from the external environment and as a result, human needs are liberated in the internal environment. Small living spaces are presented here. In this study, it was stated that basalt fiber and renewable bioplastic (Polylactic Acid (PLA)) can be used and these materials can be obtained from plants on Mars. However, no technical details were given regarding this, and the exact content, proportions, and functions of the construction materials were not disclosed. Here, a composite polymer-containing structure is disclosed. However, since there are no easily replaceable panel-like multiple layers in the shell structure, it will be difficult to renew the dual shell damaged by radiation. It has been stated that the PLA material used in Marsha degrades greatly when exposed to low ionizing radiation. At the same time, it is known that PLA is insufficient in providing thermal insulation.

In the prior art, In the “Growing Pavilion” design, many bio-based materials such as wood, hemp, mycelium, cattail and cotton are brought together. This design is designed to require new, sustainable solutions to societal challenges such as climate change, land subsidence, C02 emissions and the scarcity of fossil fuels. However, due to the content of this application, it will not be suitable for use in environments that are made unsuitable for life, especially by ionizing radiation types since there is no protection effect of the structure from ionizing radiation.

There is a need to develop a multi-layer composite panel with high resistance and a flexible structure that provides protection from ionizing radiation (gamma, alpha, beta, etc.) and also provides thermal insulation, that makes environments where radiation levels are unfavorable for life suitable for living, that is easy to install and change/maintain, that has low transportation cost for the places where it will be used, that provides a sustainable construction due to the reasons such that composite plates in the state of the art are insufficient in terms of functionalization and insulation of existing materials in organic and space, that they are not able to meet the needs in terms of resistance and flexibility, that they are not suitable for use in environments made unsuitable for life by ionizing radiation types, the high cost of transportation to the building site, that they are not easy to change/ maintain, and that they do not provide a sustainable structure.

Brief Description and Objects of the Invention

The present invention relates to a multilayer composite panel that is based on the principle of functionalization of existing organic and spatial materials that provides protection from ionizing radiation (gamma, alpha, beta, etc.) as well as thermal insulation. The present invention aims to make the environments that are made unsuitable for life by the types of ionizing radiation habitable by means of the layers formed from organic and inorganic materials. Making the environment livable is achieved by isolating the interior of the structures produced from the composite panels of the present invention from ionizing radiation. The basic working principle of the present invention is to reduce ionizing radiation by creating a physical barrier of a composite panel consisting of layers made of organic and inorganic materials.

The first object of the present invention is to reduce the ionizing radiation values available under the given conditions to 0.017 mSv/day, which is the safe radiation level to which a normal individual is exposed at the world level. The minimum radiation protection that the present invention can provide was limited to 500 mSv. According to NCRP-132 standards, the maximum amount of radiation that a person can be exposed to in a year in terms of blood-forming organ dose equivalent was determined as 500 mSv. Therefore, the minimum value required by the present invention has been developed based on a maximum value of 500 mSv per year. Since the cannabis plant can withstand an average radiation dose of 10 kGy, the hemp layer provides serious radiation resistance to the composite panel. Another object of the present invention is to make the environments where the radiation levels are unsuitable for living suitable for life by means of multiple layers formed from organic and inorganic materials. Making the environment livable is achieved by isolating the interior of the structures produced from the composite panels of the present invention from ionizing radiation. By means of the structures included in the content of the panel which is the subject of the invention, the permeation of radiation into the indoor environment is prevented.

Another object of the present invention is to produce a composite panel that is easy to install, replace and maintain, and to minimize the transportation cost for the places where the composite panel will be used. In the areas where the invention will be applied, the regolith, mycelium, hemp materials to be used in the system are easily accessible and can be produced, thereby minimizing the transportation cost compared to alternative (for e.g. 30-50cm aluminum layer) methods for radiation protection. Also, the percentage of energy consumption and application time are reduced due to the ease of installation provided by the invention being 3D printable. The invention, which was developed considering the need for the supply of materials to be of Earth origin at a minimum, used in the construction of structures to be applied in space architecture, greatly reduces the cost of heavy industry-based material production and space transportation with the principle of functionalization of existing materials in space (ISRU), and increases the speed of production and application. In addition, the fact that the fungal mycelium can be grown in unlimited quantities from a supplied sample makes the fungal mycelium composite to be produced from this material cost-effective and easily accessible/producible. In addition, after long-term use, replacement/maintenance of the layers with new ones is easily provided by means of the perforated aluminum joinery on which the panels of the present invention will be mounted and the junction point elements for maintenance.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a sustainable construction by means of the multi-layer composite panel. Biomass energy is gained when the layer to be obtained from plants absorbs solar energy as a result of photosynthesis. This bio- origin product can be used as a biofuel material that can be used in areas such as heat, power, vehicle fuels, through recycling and production residues in the long run. The layers in the composite panel of the present invention may undergo radiation degradation over time, however, since these layers are recyclable or replaceable, sustainability and continuity are ensured in the system. By recycling the layers degraded by exposure to ionizing radiation in the Martian environment, it is aimed to produce energy by obtaining ethanol from biomass in addition to the production of plastics (hemp-mycelium-based plastics), household goods, textile products. Thus, the composite panel of the present invention will also contribute to the sustainability of life. In the state of the art, a radiation-blocking aluminum panel with dimensions of 0.37x1 x1 meters and a weight of 999 kg required to be used, and the basis of the production of this panel is based on the Earth. The invention reduces the mass band in the space where it will be used and eliminates the dependence on the Earth in production. The amount of aluminum used is preferably reduced to 5 cm (1-10 cm) by means of the present invention, instead of the 40 cm in the prior art. Since the aluminum layer used between the layers is used with other layers, the specified preferably 5 cm thickness is sufficient for strength and radiation protection. As a result of the thinner use of the aluminum layer compared to the prior art, a panel with a low weight is provided.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible structural material with high resistance. The materials selected in the composite panel of the present invention provide the necessary structural strength and also add flexibility to the design to which the invention will be adapted. Fiber-based mycelium and hemp products in the content of the invention provide structural strength against tensile forces, while regolith aggregate provides structural strength against compression forces. Yet another object of the present invention is to produce a composite material that provides thermal insulation. The thermal insulation provided by the organic/inorganic based materials selected in the invention is also a solution to the low temperature problem encountered in the Martian space (Temperatures seen in the equatorial region of the planet Mars range from -73°C to 20°C). The composite panel, which is the subject of the invention, will naturally provide thermal insulation to the structure in which it is used, since the thermal conductivity of the hemp is 0.039 W/(mK) and the thermal conductivity of the mycelium is 0.040-0.081 W/(mK). It is known that, compared to applications such as MARSHA, which includes the use of PLA in the prior art, a thermal insulation rate of three times that of PLA is provided by means of the invention.

By means of the present invention, it is ensured that a composite panel is developed with high resistance and a flexible structure that provides protection from ionizing radiation (gamma, alpha, beta, etc.) and also provides thermal insulation, that makes environments where radiation levels are unfavorable for life suitable for living, that is easy to install and change/maintain, that has low transportation cost for the places where it will be used, that provides a sustainable construction. Description of the Figures

Figure 1 : An embodiment of multi-layer composite panel

Figure 2: An alternative embodiment of multi-layer composite panel

Figure 3: The general ionizing radiation blocking mechanism of the multilayer composite panel (0.00 mSv/d and 0.00 mSv/event values are based on the ionizing radiation level on Earth)

Description of Elements/Parts of the Invention

The parts and components in the figures are enumerated for a better explanation of the multilayer composite panel developed with the present invention, and correspondence of every number is given below:

1 : Aluminum plate

2: Hemp layer

3: Mycelium composite layer 4: Regolith composite layer 5: Regolith-mycelium-hemp composite layer

6: Perforated aluminum joinery 7: Junction point A: Inner environment B: Outer environment

Detailed Description of the Invention

The present invention relates to a multilayer composite panel that is based on the principle of functionalization of existing organic and spatial materials that provides protection from ionizing radiation (gamma, alpha, beta, etc.) as well as thermal insulation. The present invention aims to make the environments that are made unsuitable for life by the types of ionizing radiation habitable by means of the layers formed from organic and inorganic materials. Making the environment livable is achieved by isolating the interior of the structures produced from the composite panels of the present invention from ionizing radiation.

The definition of ionizing radiation types mentioned here is defined as radiation that has the energy to strip away the electrons from an atom. The present invention can be used in any environment where ionizing radiation threatens life. The preferred space here is accepted as Mars.

In Martian space, ionizing radiation values are mainly based on the emission of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) from deep space and solar energy particles (SEP) that occur during solar cycles. The radiation protection of the invention against the GCR and SEP values is calculated over the radiation values of the planet Mars reaching 0 km altitude from 16 g/cm ² atmosphere thickness [5]. These values are stated as 0.87 mSv/day for GCR radiation and 270 mSv/(solar) event for SEP radiation [5]. On a one-year space mission, the 500 mSv radiation dose was specified as the upper limit value that people can receive, and the minimum radiation protection that the invention can provide is limited as this value.

In an embodiment of the present invention, there are;

• regolith composite layer (4), which is in direct contact with the external environment (B) with ionizing radiation and contains regolith,

• aluminum plate (1 ) that has 1 -10 cm thickness, positioned between the regolith composite layer (4) and the mycelium composite layer (3),

• mycelium composite layer (3) containing 95% of organic nutrients by volume, and 5% of fungal mycelium by volume, • hemp layer (2) that is in direct contact with the inner environment (A) and contains hemp, from the outer environment (B) with ionizing radiation to the inner environment (A), respectively.

In an embodiment of the present invention, there are;

• regolith composite layer (4), which is in direct contact with the external environment (B) with ionizing radiation and contains regolith,

• aluminum plate (1 ) that has 1 -10 cm thickness, positioned between the regolith composite layer (4) and the mycelium composite layer (3),

• mycelium composite layer (3) containing 95% of organic nutrients by volume, and 5% of fungal mycelium by volume,

• hemp layer (2) that contains hemp,

• an aluminum plate (1 ) with a thickness of 1 -10 cm, positioned next to the hemp layer (2) such that it is in direct contact with the inner environment (A), from the outer environment (B) with ionizing radiation to the inner environment (A), respectively (Figure 1).

In another embodiment of the present invention, there are;

• aluminum plate (1 ) with a thickness of 1 -10 cm that is in direct contact with the outer environment (B) with ionizing radiation,

• Regolith-mycelium-hemp composite layer (5) that is in direct contact with the inner environment (A), and that contains regolith aggregate, fungal mycelium, and hemp, from the outer environment (B) with ionizing radiation to the inner environment (A), respectively.

In another embodiment of the present invention, there are;

• aluminum plate (1 ) with a thickness of 1 -10 cm that is in direct contact with the outer environment (B) with ionizing radiation,

• regolith-mycelium-hemp composite layer (5) that is positioned between aluminum plates (1) and that contains regolith aggregate, fungalmycelium, and hemp, • an aluminum plate (1 ) with a thickness of 1 -10 cm, that is positioned next to the regolith-mycelium-hemp composite layer (5) in direct contact with the inner environment (A), from the outer environment (B) with ionizing radiation to the inner environment (A), respectively (Figure 2).

In all embodiments of the present invention, there is a perforated aluminum joinery (6) on which the panels will be mounted, and a junction point (7) for the maintenance of the hemp and mycelium panels. The content of the maintenance includes the replacement of the layers with new ones after prolonged use. In all embodiments of the present invention, starch-based adhesive is located between each successive layer whose surfaces are in contact with each other.

The layers in an embodiment of the present invention are positioned in such that the regolith composite layer (4) is in contact with the outer environment (B) with direct ionizing radiation; the hemp layer (2) is positioned such that it is in direct contact with the inner environment (A); and the mycelium composite layer (3) is positioned such that it is between the aluminum plate (1) and the hemp layer (2). The aluminum plate (1) with a thickness of 1-10 cm (preferably 5 cm) is placed between the regolith composite layer (4) and the mycelium composite layer (3) for the purpose of moving the multi-layer panel to the confidence interval in terms of the amount of radiation protection and blocking the excess radiation that may occur in maintenance/repair and/or emergency situations. In another embodiment of the present invention, said aluminum plate (1) is placed such that it is in direct contact with the inner environment (A) in case there is a need to increase the structural strength, thus, two aluminum plates (1) are placed. In order for the composite panel made of organic and inorganic materials, which is the subject of the invention, to keep the ionizing radiations in the conditions of the planet Mars at a level that will not harm human health under all conditions, it has been developed considering that other layers can compensate for this situation when any of the layers is not active. The thicknesses of the layers in the composite panel are determined as 10-50 cm (preferably 30 cm) regolith composite layer (4), 10-50 cm (preferably 20 cm) mycelium composite layer (3) (in the middle), and 10-50 cm (preferably 20 cm) hemp layer (2), respectively. The present invention consists of combining regolith aggregate, fungal mycelium, and composite layers made of hemp fiber in order to reduce the ionizing radiation in a certain environment. Regolith composite layer (4) obtained by mixing with starch- based adhesive (preferably extracted from hemp) is formed by collecting and hot 5 pressing the existing regolith in the space where the invention will be used. The mycelium composite layer (3) is formed by adding 5% of fungi mycelium sample by volume to molds filled with 95% of organic nutrient by volume (preferably hemp shavings). The mycelium, which digests the organic food and takes the shape of the mold, is then cooked at 95°C and inactivated, and takes its place on the layer. The lo hemp layer production process begins with the harvesting of cannabis seeds that have been transported to the designated space. The fiber and/or sawdust biomass obtained from the phloem tissue of the collected plant stems is placed in molds and mixed with starch-based adhesives (preferably extracted from hemp). Layer/layer is formed by hot pressing of the created form.

15 All naturally occurring radiotropic fungal species have the potential to be used for the mycelium composite layer (3) of the present invention. Some fungal species that can be used individually or in combination in the system are listed as follows: Cryptococcus, Wangiella, Cryomyces, Auricularia, Aspergillus, Schizophyllum, Cladosporium, Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Trametes, Lentinula, Cromyces, Agaricus, Agrocybe, 20 Cantharellus, Craterellus, Gomphus, Polyozellus, Leccinum, Trametes, Coriolus. While all hemp species existing in nature are suitable candidates for hemp layer (2), some hemp species that can be used individually or in combination in the system are listed as follows: Cannabis sativa L, Cannabis sativ a ssp. indica, Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa.

25 It is possible to implement/install the invention by means of three-dimensional (3D) printers. Volumetric regolith, hemp, mycelium, water, and starch-based adhesive percentages in a 1 m ³ sample of the material to be used in 3D printing are 40%, 20%, 20%, 10%, 10%, respectively. In line with these ratios, the weight of the regolith in the 1 m ³ sample is 616 kg, the weight of hemp is 4-13.6 kg, the weight of mycelium is 20- BO 78 kg, the weight of water is 100 kg, the weight of starch-based adhesive is 150 kg, and the total weight is 890-957 kg. It is important for the content ratios to be in the specified amounts in terms of radiation protection and thermal insulation. As can be seen in Table 1 below, hemp and fungal mycelium have low thermal conductivity coefficients compared to the products in the prior art.

Table 1. Heat conduction coefficient and density comparison of the products used in the prior art and the present invention

^* Values were given for an average temperature of 50°C

^** Rock wool with Low Density

^*** Rockwool with Highg Density ^**** The packaging method affects the thermal conductivity of mycelium-based composites. The loosely packed substrate has a low thermal conductivity of 0.05 W / (m · K).

^***** The densely packed substrate has a slightly higher thermal conductivity of 0.07 W / (m · K). ^****** The density of the mycelium composite is between 0.10 - 0.39 g/cm ³

(G2/350= a type of Aerated Concrete) Even when the aluminum plate is not used, the regolith composite layer (4) reduces the GCR radiation value of 0.87 mSv/d in the environment to 0.66 mSv/d, and the SEP radiation value of 270 mSv/event to 150 mSv/event. The mycelium composite layer (3) adjacent to the regolith composite layer (4) reduces the GCR radiation value from 0.66 mSv/d to 0.017 mSv/d, and reduces the SEP radiation value from 150 mSv/event to 2.84 mSv/event. The innermost layer of the cannabis plant, the hemp layer (2), which shows higher radiation resistance (averagely 10 kGy) than the mycelium, fixes the remaining radiation values to the daily range of 0 mSv-0.017 mSv (Earth values). As a result, it is envisaged that the composite panel of the present invention will retain 90%- 95% of GCR and SEP radiation according to the above-mentioned values, in the Martian space conditions on which it is based.

As indicated in Figure 3, in the general ionizing radiation blocking mechanism of the multilayer composite panel (0.00 mSv/d and 0.00 mSv/event values are based on the ionizing radiation level on Earth), while passing through the regolith layer (4), the GCR value decreases to 0.66 mSv/d at 0.87 mSv/d; while passing through the mycelium composite layer (3), the GCR value decreases from 0.66 mSv/d to 0.017 mSv/d; and while passing through the hemp layer (2), the GCR value decreases from 0.017 mSv/d to about 0.00 mSv/d. Also, SEP values are reduced from 270 mSv/event to 150 mSv/event, 2.84mSv/event and finally 0.00 mSv/event value while passing through the same layers respectively.

The regolith composite layer (4) will be both accessible and cost-effective since it will consist of collecting and processing the existing regolith in space. Also, the elastic modulus of the regolith varies between 1 .8 MPa and 13.2 MPa, and it will contribute to the structural strength of the overall system in terms of meeting the compression forces.

Mycelium composite layer (3) will be able to survive under 1 kGy-17 kGy ionizing radiation values without deteriorating its structure by means of the melanin pigment synthesized as a result of the evolutionary mechanism developed by radiotropic fungi to survive under high radiation conditions. In addition, the fact that an unlimited amount of mycelium can be grown from a relatively small sample of mycelium ensures that the fungal mycelium composite layer (3) to be produced from this material is cost-effective and easily accessible/producible. Also, mycelium composites provide structural strength to the system. In case the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium type is preferred, 28 MPa elastic modulus, 0.01 MPa tensile strength, 0.06 MPa bending force, and 0.19 MPa compression force are provided.

Since the cannabis plant can withstand an average radiation dose of 10 kGy, the hemp layer (2) provides a significant radiation resistance to the composite panel. The continuous harvesting of the cannabis plant makes the layer cost-effective, easily accessible/portable. Also, the fiber tissue of the cannabis plant significantly contributes to the structural strength of the system.

Especially considering the environments where low temperatures will be encountered, such as in the Martian space, the high level of thermal insulation of the multi-layer panel system is also important for a sustainable living environment. It is known that the thermal conductivity of hemp is 0.039 W/(mK) and the thermal conductivity of mycelium is 0.040-0.081 W/(mK). The low thermal conductivity of these organic materials and the thermal conductivity of aluminum plate, which is one of its similar competitors, is approximately 205 W/(mK), and it will provide a great advantage compared to aluminum in terms of thermal insulation of the present invention.

Organic and inorganic based materials, which are the subject of the invention, are installed/mounted in layers. The main purpose of this multi-layered application is to provide continuity to the system. In this context, by recycling the layers degraded by exposure to ionizing radiation in the Martian environment, it is aimed to produce energy by obtaining ethanol from biomass in addition to the production of plastics (hemp- mycelium-based plastics), household goods, textile products. Thus, the composite panel to be used as a construction material in the Martian space will also contribute to the sustainability of the life to be established.

Especially considering the environments where low temperatures will be encountered, such as in the Martian space, the high level of thermal insulation of the multi-layer panel system is also important for a sustainable living environment. It is known that the thermal conductivity of hemp is 0.039 W/(mK) and the thermal conductivity of mycelium is 0.040-0.081 W/(mK). The low thermal conductivity of these organic materials and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum plate, which is one of its similar competitors, is approximately 205 W/(mK), and it provides a great advantage compared to aluminum in terms of thermal insulation. Instead of hemp for the hemp layer inside the composite panel, organic wastes such as straw, cotton, eggshell membrane, bamboo plant, honeycomb, waste corn leaves/stalks left after harvest since they are fire resistant and have low heat permeability, and coconut in order to provide insulation for the development of fungus have the potential to be used. There is a potential to use organic materials such as algae and cyano bacteria instead of the mycelium composite layer (3). It is possible to use water ice instead of regolith in the regolith composite layer (4).

The increasing use of radiation and nuclear techniques in medicine, industry, agriculture, energy and other scientific and technological fields reveals the need for the present invention in the sectors with the understanding of the effects of radiation on human health in the world and the importance of protection from radiation. The present invention can be used in the World, especially in nuclear research centers, institutions and research centers that require ionizing radiation protection and thermal insulation.

Particularly, it is envisaged that wastes generated in nuclear reactors and nuclear medicine applications can be used in case of a need for protection area/material that arises during storage until the effect of high-energy radiation created in temporary storage areas is reduced. In this context, the present invention is an alternative solution that can be used in countries that produce nuclear energy, have nuclear reactors, and have nuclear medicine waste.

References

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