NOVEL 2-SPIROCYCLOPROPYL CEPHALOSPORIN SULFONE DERIVATIVES AND PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF

The present invention relates to novel 2-spirocyclopropyl cephalosporin sulfone derivatives and to processes for their preparation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Emphysema is an abnormal and irreversible enlargement of the air spaces around the bronchioles caused by chronic inflammation. It is also characterized by the destruction of the alveolar walls of the lungs. As the damage to the alveolar walls increases the lungs lose their elasticity. The progressive symptoms include shortness of breath upon minimal exertion, frequent respiratory infections and chronic cough. Emphysema is considered to be one of the chronic pulmonary diseases.

The hydrolytic action of the enzyme human leukocyte elastase (HLE) on the connective tissue component elastin is believed to be the cause of pulmonary emphysema. Like other serine proteases, elastase may be inactivated by inhibitors which block the active site of the enzyme by binding tightly thereto. Under normal conditions, these enzymes are prevented from causing damage by the action of the natural inhibitor α^-antitrypsin, which is a glycoprotein present in human serum. It would appear that the inflammation caused by cigarette smoke provokes the release of a large amount of leukocyte elastase and hence an imbalance between the two enzymes results. The quantity of ^ _^ -antitrypsin present is thus insufficient to inhibit enough of the leukocyte elastase. Consequently the excess elastase begins adhering to the surfaces of elastin fibers in the lungs. This eventually leads to the lung damage characteristic of emphysema.

Additionally, it is believed that the action of cigarette smoke functions to inactivate the α- _L -antitrypsin. Also an α ₁ -antitrypsin deficiency may be caused by hereditary factors.

Cephalosporin drugs are widely used for the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.

U.S. Patent 4,547,371, discloses that certain substituted cephalosporin sulfones demonstrate potent elastase inhibitory effects. U.S. 4,711,886, describes β-lactam derivatives which are found to be potent elastase inhibitors. U.K. Patent Application GB 2,198,640A, relates to penicillin derivatives useful as anti-inflammatory and anti-degenerative agents. An article in Nature Vol. 322, 10 July 1986, by J.B. Doherty et al. illustrates that cephalosporin antibiotics can be modified to inhibit human leukocyte elastase. Additionally, a study of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of cephalosporin derivatives is provided in a paper entitled, "Cycloaddition Reactions of Cephalosporin Compounds XI" by J. Pitlik et al, J. Heterocyclic Chem.. 26, 461 (1989).

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided novel 2-spirocyclopropyl cephalosporin sulfones having anti-elastase activity. Such derivatives, or elastase inhibitors, are useful in the prevention, control and treatment of inflammatory conditions, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, cystic fibrosis and emphysema.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a 2- spirocyclopropyl cephalosporin sulfone compound of formula I:

wherein R is 0R ₆ or NR ₇ R ₈ ;

R is a C _j .g alkyl group which may be substituted by triazolyl group; R ₃ is phenyl; R ₄ is phenyl; R ₅ is C _1-6 alkoxy group; R ₆ is hydrogen, an optionally substituted -CH ₂ -phenyl or an optionally substituted -CH(phenyl) ₂ wherein the phenyl groups may be substituted with at least one of C-^ _g alkoxy group; R ₇ is C^g alkyl group which may be substituted by 1-2 - COOH or C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl, an optionally substituted thiazolyl group, or R ₇ together with R ₈ may form an optionally substituted ring wherein the ring may be substituted with at least one of C ₁ _ ₆ alkyl, hydroxy C _χ _ ₆ alkyl, -COOH, C-^ _g alkyl COOH, C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl, C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl C _1-6 alkyl, carboxamide group which may be substituted by C- _^g alkyl COOH or C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl C _1-6 alkyl, heterocyclic ring which may be substituted by C- _^ g alkyl, COOH or C ₂ _ ₆ alkenyloxycarbonyl, and said ring may contain at least another nitrogen atom, in which case the ring can be further substituted at the carbon atom or at the nitrogen atom by the groups mentioned above; R ₈ is hydrogen or together with R ₇ forms an optionally substituted ring as defined above; or a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:

As summarized above, the present invention relates to a 2-spirocyclopropyl cephalosporin sulfone derivative of the structural formula (I) :

wherein R _λ ^ ^{s 0R} 6 ^{or NR} 7 ^R 8-

R ₂ is a C ₁ _ ₆ alkyl group which may be substituted by triazolyl group; R ₃ is phenyl; R ₄ is phenyl; R ₅ is c _ ₆ alkoxy group;

R ₆ is hydrogen, an optionally substituted -CH ₂ -phenyl or an optionally substituted -CH(phenyl) ₂ wherein the phenyl groups may be substituted with at least one of C _1-6 alkoxy group; R ₇ is C- _^g alkyl group which may be substituted by 1-2 - COOH or C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl, an optionally substituted thiazolyl group, or R ₇ together with R ₈ may form an optionally substituted ring wherein the ring may be substituted with at least one of C ₁ _ ₅ alkyl, hydroxy C _α _g alkyl, -COOH, C-^ _g alkyl COOH, C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl, C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl C.-_ _g alkyl, carboxa ide group which may be substituted by C--_ alkyl COOH or C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl C-^g alkyl, heterocyclic ring which may be substituted by C _1-6 alkyl, COOH or C ₂ _ ₆ alkenyloxycarbonyl, and said ring may contain at least another nitrogen atom, in which case the ring can be further substituted at the carbon atom or at the nitrogen atom by the groups mentioned above; R ₈ is hydrogen or together with R ₇ forms an optionally substituted ring as defined above; or a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.

Examples of C-^ _g alkyl group are straight- or branched-chain alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc.

Examples of C-^ _g alkoxy group are straight- or branched-chain alkoxy group, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n- propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, t- butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, etc. R in formula (I) represents OR ₆ ; where R ₆ is hydrogen, -CH ₂ -phenyl or -CH(phenyl) ₂ . These phenyl can be unsubstituted or can be substituted by one or more C _1-6 alkoxy groups.

R _λ in formula (I) also represents NR ₇ R ₆ , wherein R ₇ is C ₂ _ ₆ alkyl group which may be substituted by 1-2 -COOH or C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl, an optionally substituted thiazolyl group, or R ₇ together with R ₈ may form an optionally substituted ring wherein the ring may be substituted with at least one of C-^g alkyl, hydroxy C-^g alkyl, -COOH, C-^. _g alkyl COOH, C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl, C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl C-^ _g alkyl, carboxamide group which may be substituted by C ₁ _ ₆ alkyl COOH or C ₂ _ ₇ alkoxycarbonyl C _λ _ ₆ alkyl, heterocyclic ring which may be substituted by C-^g alkyl COOH or C ₂ _ ₆ alkenyloxycarbonyl, and said ring may contain at least another nitrogen atom, in which case the ring can be further substituted at the carbon atom or at the nitrogen atom by the groups mentioned above; In the formula NR ₇ R ₈ , R ₇ and R ₈ may together form part of a heterocyclic ring -N containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, which may in addition also contain at least one nitrogen atom. Representative examples of such groups are pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or pyrazol. These rings can be further substituted at the carbon or at the nitrogen atom by the groups mentioned above.

Furthermore, the moiety NR ₇ R ₈ may represent an amino acid, a dipeptide or a tripeptide moiety.

Examples of heterocyclic ring as substituted for the NR ₇ R ₈ group are pyridyl, triazolyl, etc.

Preferably R ₆ is substituted or unsubstituted benzhydryl group, R ₇ and R ₈ together form part of substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or pyrazol. -R ₂ is a C.-_ ₆ alkyl group which may be substituted by a triazolyl group. Examples of a triazolyl group are 1,2,3-triazol-l-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l- yl, and the like.

Preferably R ₂ is methyl group, 1,2,3-triazolylmethyl group.

R ₅ is C--_ ₆ alkoxy group; preferably a methoxy group.

The partial structure represented by the formula:

is to be understood to include both the regio isomers as represented bv the formula

tθfcHχ

Furthermore, it should be noted that when R ₃ and R ₄ in formula (I) are different they may be present in the form of an optical isomer, for example, 1-, d- or dl- for s.

The present invention includes the salts of those compounds of formula (I) that have salt forming groups, especially the salts of the compounds having a carboxylic group, a basic group (e.g. an amino, piperazino, or guanidino group) or ci quaternary ammonium group. Preferred salts include physiologically tolerable salts, for example, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and magnesium salts) , ammonium salts and salts with an appropriate organic amine or amino acid (e.g. arginine, procaine salts) , and the addition salts formed with suitable organic or inorganic acids, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carboxylic and sulfonic organic acids (e.g. acetic, trifluoroacetic, p-toluene sulfonic acid) . Some compounds of formula (I) which contain a carboxylate and an ammonium group may exist as zwitterions.

The present invention also includes those compounds of formula (I) that have suitably pharmaceutically acceptable in vivo hydrolysable esters namely those esters

which hydrolyse in the human body to produce the parent acid or its salt. Examples of suitable in vivo hydrolysable ester groups include acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, α-acetoxymethyl, α-acetoxybenzyl, α- pivaloyloxyethyl, ethoxycarbonyloxymethyl, α-ethoxy- carbonyloxyethyl and other such groups which have been or can be used in the penicillin and cephalosporin art.

More specifically the most preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise the following compounds: Benzhydryl

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2- ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-

3-[ (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l,1- dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2 ' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-[ (1,2,3- triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-piperidine carboxamide-1,1- dioxide; p-Methoxybenzyl 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-[ (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carbo xylate-l,l-dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'- diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-[2-(S)-t-butoxycarbonyl pyrrolidine carboxamide]l,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cepham-4-[2-(S)-carboxy pyrrolidine carboxamide]-1,1- dioxide;

7cϋ-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-t-butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide]- 1,l-dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-carboxy piperidine carboxamide]-1,1- dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2 '-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[2-{N-(t-butylpropionate-2-yl) carboxamido}] pyrrolidine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2 ' , 2 '-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[2-{N-(α-methylacetic acid) carboxamido}] pyrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' , 2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl- ₃ -cephem-4-{N-(1-t-butoxycarbony1-3-methy1-butane-l-yl) } carboxamido-1,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-{N-(l-carboxy-3-methyl-butane-l-yl) } carboxamido-1,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-(N-methyl piperazine carboxamide)-1,1- dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-meth 1- 3-cephem-4-(4-tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cycloprop 1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butoxy carbonyl methyl] piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide; and

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-N-acetic acid] piperazine carboxamide-1,1- dioxide.

The most preferred embodiments of the present invention also comprises the following compounds: 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-tert-but 1] propionate]piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-N-propionic acid]piperazine carboxmide- 1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-meth 1- 3-cephem-4-[4-N-sodium propionate]piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7o_-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-(2-pyridyl) ]piperazine carboxamide-1,1- dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-(N-methyl pyridinium iodide)-2- yl]piperazine carboxamide-i,l-dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cycloprop 1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-(pyridinium hydrochloride)-2-yl]piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-N-methyl pyridinium trifluoromethyl sulfonate)2-yl]piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[ (pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-carboxy pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,1- dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl) ]piperazine carboxamide-

1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[N-[4-(diphenylmethyl- -(methoxyimino)- acetate]thiazol-2-yl]carboxamide-l,l-dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butyl propionate-2-yl]piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[4-(2-methyl acetic acid) ]piperazine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[2-t-butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide]-

1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[2-carboxy piperidine carboxamide]-l,1- dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[N-(di-t-butyl glutarate-2-yl) ]carboxamide-

1,l-dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[N-(pentane-2-yl dioic acid) ]carboxamide-

1,1,dioxide;

7 -methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-

SUBSTITUTE

3-cephem-4-[3β-(4-allyloxycarbonyl-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl) ]pyrrolidine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide; and 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cycloprop 1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[3B-(4-sodium carboxylate-1,2,3,-triazol-1- yl]pyrrolidine carboxamide-1,l-dioxide.

In accordance with a second broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for preparing 2- spirocyclopropyl cephalosporin sulfone derivatives of the structural formula I which comprises the following steps (Scheme I) .

(1) providing a compound having the structural formula II;

-

(2) esterifying the compound of formula II to thereby protect the carboxy group thereof and provide a compound having the structural formula III;

(3) halogenating the compound of formula III to provide a compound having the structural formula IV;

(4) oxidizing the compound of formula IV to provide a compound having the structural formula V;

(5) aninomethylating the compound of formula V to provide a compound having the structural formula VI; and

(6) carrying out a cycloaddition reaction of the compound of the structural formula VI to provide a compound having the structural formula I.

Alteratively steps (2) and (3) may be

conducted in reverse order.

The following synthetic routes are useful in preparing the compound having the structural formula

(I) : SCHEME

There is also provided a method for preparing 7α-substituted cephalosporin derivatives which comprises the following steps: (Scheme II) (1) providing the compound having the formula VII;

VII coft _x

(2) treating the compound VII with an appropriate alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.) to provide a compound having the formula VIII;

(3) oxidizing the compound VIII with a suitable oxidizing agent (e.g., m--chloro peroxy benzoic acid, peracetic acid, etc.) to provide a sulfoxide having the formula IX;

(4) heating the compound IX with a suitable mercaptan (e.g., 2-mercaptobenzothiazole) in a suitable organic solvent (e.g., benzene, toluene, etc.) to provide the

SUBSTIT

compound having the formula X

(5) treating the compound X with a suitable halogenating agent (e.g., chlorine, bromine, etc.) to provide a compound having the formula XI

(6) treating the compound XI with an organic base (e.g., pyridine, triethylamine, etc.) in a solvent like dimethyl sulfoxide to provide the 7α- substituted cephalosporin derivative having the formula XII

Alternatively, cephalosporin derivative XII can also be obtained by heating the sulfoxide IX with acetic anhydride in dimethyl formamide.

The following synthetic routes are useful in preparing the 7α-substituted cephalosporin derivative XII (Scheme II)

SCHEME II

4

\X

I

Esterification or Amidation The carboxy1 group of compound II can be protected according to the conventional methods described in the cephalosporin and penicillin literature. For example, a suitable salt of the compound II may be reacted with an alkyl halide, such as, benzyl bromide, 4-nitrobenzyl bromide, methyl iodide, allyl .bromide or the like. The salts of compound II may be salts with an inorganic base such as alkali metal salts (e.g. , sodium or potassium) or an alkaline earth metal salt (e.g. , calcium or magnesium) , the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate thereof, a salt with an organic base such as trimethyla ine, triethylamine, pyridine, N,N-dialkylamine,l,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0]non-5-ene, 1, 4-diazabicyclo[2 , 2,2] -octane, l,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene etc.

The carboxyl group of compound II can also be converted into an ester by other alkylation methods, for example, by treatment with diazomethane or diphenyldiazomethane or the like. The carboxyl group can be converted to an ester by treatment with a lower alkanol e.g., methanol, ethanol, in the presence of a catalyst such as hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, trichloracetic acid, t ifluoroacetic acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid and a Lewis acid. Suitable Lewis

acids for this reaction include, for example, boron halide (e.g., boron trichloride, boron trifluoride, titanium halide (e.g., titanium chloride, titanium bromide), stannic halide, aluminium halide, zinc chloride, ferric chloride and the like.

Treatment with a lower alkene (e.g. , isobutylene) , in the presence of a suitable acid catalyst (e.g., sulfuric acid) is also a preferable method of protecting the carboxyl group. Esterification can also be carried out in the presence of a conventional condensing agent such as

N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N,N-diethylcarbodiimide,

N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide, or N,N-carbonyldiimidazole.

Another method of esterification (also suitable for amidation) is by conversion of the carboxyl group to a suitable reactive derivative followed by reaction with an appropriate alcohol (or amine) . Suitable reactive derivatives of the carboxyl group may include an acid halide, a mixed or symmetrical anhydride, an activated amide or the like. A suitable example may be an acid chloride or bromide via treatment with a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus oxychloride.

The reactions are usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as acetone, dioxane, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N- dimethylformamide or any other organic solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction. ^' An interesting class of amides is that where the amine reactant is an amino acid or a peptide. The amino acid may be one of the naturally occurring amino acids, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, cysteine, cystine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, hydroxyproline and tryptophan, or peptides containing or made from these amino acids. Of particular interest are amides made from

SUBSTIT

amines which are dipeptides, such as proline-alanine, proline-valine, and proline-glycine.

The procedure used to prepare amides wherein the amine reactant is an amino acid or peptide is essentially the same as that used for the preparation of peptides. Such procedures are well known to those skilled in the art and involve the selective protection of end groups, a coupling step to form the peptide or amide bond, and a deprotection step. For example, dipeptides are prepared by activation of the carboxyl group in an N-protected amino acid (using Cbz or Boc as the blocking group) and adding an amino acid ester to the activated carboxyl group (the C-protecting group is an alkyl or benzyl ester) . Tri- and higher peptides are prepared in a similar manner. It is noted that the carboxylic acid corresponding to the compound of formula I (R ₁ =OH) may optionally contain an amino group, which, if present, would be protected as is customary in peptide synthesis.

Halogenation It should be noted that when it is appropriate the compound II can be halogenated first and then subjected to esterification according to the procedures as described before.

The compound IV, wherein R ₅ is a halogen, can be prepared by subjecting the amino group of compound II to the diazotization reaction in accordance with conventional methods in the presence of a hydrogen halide or a metal halide. Suitable hydrogen halides used in the present reaction include, for example, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and hydrogen iodide. Suitable metal halides include sodium bromide, potassium bromide, and cupric chloride. The present reaction is preferably carried out under mild conditions such as under cooling, at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures.

Oxidation

The compound V in the present invention can be

prepared by oxidizing the compound IV. The present oxidizing reaction is carried out under conditions wherein the -S- group can be converted to the sulfoxide or sulfone, most preferably to the sulfone. Typical oxidizing agents can be utilized such as for example, phenyliododichloride, ozone, isocyanuroyl chloride, periodic acid, perbenzoic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, performic acid, peracetic acid, trifluoroperacetic acid, or hydrogen peroxide. The present oxidizing reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a solvent such as chloroform, methylene chloride, dioxane, benzene, ethyl acetate, or other solvents which does not adversely affect the reaction. The reaction is usually carried out at room temperature or under cooling.

Aminomethylation (Mannich Reaction)

The introduction of the exocyclic double bond at the

2-position of compound V can be carried out according to the procedure detailed in the literature; [I.G. Wright et al., J. Med. Chem..14, 420 (1971), incorporated herein by reference] . The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent such as alcohol (e.g. t-butanol) , methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, mixed solvent thereof, or any other solvent not adversely affecting the reaction.

There is no particular limitation to the reaction temperature and the present reaction is usually carried out from room temperature to about 150° C with or without reflux until the reaction is complete.

Cycloaddition

For the introduction of the 2-spirocyclopropyl groups which may be substituted with suitable substituents, the reaction is carried out by reacting the compound VI with a compound of the formula R ₃ R ₄ CN ₂ where R ₃ and R ₄ may be the same or different and represent the groups as defined earlier herein. The

reaction is usually carried out in a solvent such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ether, ethyl acetate or any other solvent which does not adversely affect the reaction. The reaction is usually carried out under cooling to ambient temperature.

Biological Evidence The in vitro test data on anti-elastase activity of exemplary derivatives having the structural formula I are shown in Table I herebelow.

TABLE I ACTIVITY OF 2-2PIROCYCLOPROPYL CEPHALOSPORIN SULFONES

AGAINST HLE

Compound R- R, IC 50 (μM)

OCHPh- -O 0. 009

20 -G L--® CH, 0.0104

TABLE I (Continued)

Compound R _λ R ₂ ^Ic ₅₀ (■ ^iM )

30 -A λl-CH- OOrl CH, 0.0876

1 — I ^J

The compounds tested were as follows:

Benzhydryl 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro (2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-[(1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4- carboxylate-1,l-dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-[ (1,2,3- triazolyl) ethyl]-3-cephem-4-piperidine carboxamide-1,1- dioxide; p-Methoxybenzyl 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2 ' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-[(1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carbo xylate-1,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-

3-methyl-3cephem-4-[2-(S)-t-butoxycarbonyl pyrrolidine carboxamide]1,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-meth 1- 3-cepham-4-[2-(S)-carboxy pyrrolidine carboxamide]-1,1- dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[4-t-butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide]-

1,l-dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-carboxy piperidine carboxamide]-1,1- dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[2-{N-(t-butylpropionate-2-yl) carboxamido}] pyrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[2-{N-(α-methylacetic acid) carboxamido}] pyrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-{N-(l-t-butoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-butane-l-yl) } carboxamido-1,l-dioxide;

7 -Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-{N-(l-carboxy-3-methyl-butane-l-yl) } carboxamido-1,l-dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-(N-methyl piperazine carboxamide)-1,1- dioxide;

7o:-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-(4-tert-butox carbonyl)piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide; 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butoxy carbonyl methyl] piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide; and

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-N-acetic acid] piperazine carboxamide-l,1- dioxide.

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butyl] propionate]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cycloprop 1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-N-propionic acid]piperazine carboxmide- 1,l-dioxide;

7o:-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-N-sodium propionate]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3- ethyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-(2-pyridyl) ]piperazine carboxamide-l,1- dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-(N-methyl pyridinium iodide)-2- yl]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-(pyridinium hydrochloride)-2-yl]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-N-methyl pyridinium trifluoromethyl sulfonate)2-yl]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide; 7o:-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[ (pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,l-dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-carboxy pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,1- dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[4-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazine

carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl) ]piperazine carboxamide-

1,l-dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[N-[4-(diphenylmethyl-a-(methoxyimino)- acetate]thiazol-2-y1]carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-tert-buty1 propionate-2-y1]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[4-(2-methyl acetic acid) ]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-[2-t-butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide]-

1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[2-carboxy piperidine carboxamide]-1,1- dioxide; 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-

3-cephem-4-[N-(di-t-butyl glutarate-2-yl) ]carboxamide-

1,l-dioxide;

7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[N-(pentane-2-yl dioic acid) ]carboxamide- 1,1,dioxide;

7 -methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[3β-(4-allyloxycarbonyl-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl) ]pyrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide; and

7c.-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[3β-(4-sodium carboxylate-1,2,3,-triazol-1- yl]pyrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide.

PROTOCOL

Enzyme Assay for Inhibition of HLE:

Enzyme: Purified elastase from human white blood cells. Substrate:

MeO-succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-propyl-L-valine-p-nitro

-anilide (NA)

0.35 mM substrate

The enzyme activity was determined by monitoring the increase in absorbance at 410 nm caused by the hydrolysis of chromogenic substrates. Inhibition of enzyme by the compounds described were determined after a 10 minute preincubation with the enzyme in reaction mixture minus substrate. Reaction was initiated by the addition of substrate. The concentration of human leukocyte elastase used for assay was at 10 nM. For therapeutic administration, a compound having the structural formula I is used in the form of conventional pharmaceutical preparation which contains said compounds as an active ingredient in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an organic or inorganic solid or liquid excipient which is suitable for oral, parenteral or external administration. The pharmaceutical preparations may be in solid form such as capsule, tablet, ointment, etc. or in liquid form such as solution, suspension or emulsion. There may be included in the above preparation auxiliary substances, stabilizing agents, wetting or emulsifying agents, buffers and the other commonly used additives.

In general, a daily dose of between 0.2 mg and 150 mg or even more per kilogram of body weight per day may be administered to a patient. However, the dose level may vary and will depend upon a variety of factors such as the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, etc. The following examples are provided to demonstrate the operability of the present invention. The structures of the compounds were established by the modes of synthesis, by infrared spectroscopy, and by extensive high field nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques and x-ray analysis.

EXAMPLE 1 Benzhydryl 7α-methoxy-2-spiro f2' .2' -diphenyl)

cvclopropyl 3-rd, 2, 3-triazolyl)methyl]-3- ceohem-4- carboxylate-1.l-dioxide

STEP A: Preparation of 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl 3-cephem-4-

carboxylic acid

To 7β-amino-3-acetoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (27.2 g, 99.9 mmol) was added water (500 ml) and sodium bicarbonate (9.3 g, 111 mmol); the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 6.5 with 10% sodium hydroxide solution. Sodium azide (13.1 g, 201 mmol) was added to the mixture followed by acetone (350 ml) . The mixture was heated at 60°C for 6 h and left stirring at room temperature overnight. Acetone was removed under reduced pressure and the mixture was cooled in an ice-bath, acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH 3.5; the precipitated solid was filtered off, dried overnight over ^R ₂ ° ₅ ^to give 14.3 g (56%) of 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. IR (Nujol) max 2095, 1796, 1732 cm-1. STEP B: Preparation of benzhvdryl 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl-

3-cephem-4-carboxylate

To a suspension of 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-

4-carboxylic acid (20.7 g, 81 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane (250 ml) and dimethyl sulfoxide (250 ml) was added dropwise a solution of diphenyldiazomethane

(17.53 g, 90 mmol) in dichloromethane (150 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 68 h, filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual sticky mass was taken in ethyl acetate (250 ml) and washed successively with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water, brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate; solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a residue which was purified over a s i l i c a c o l u m n using dichloromethane-ethyl acetate (1:1) to give 18.4 g (54%) of a mixture of and -cephems. The mixture was directly used for the next step without further separation.

STEP C: Preparation of benzhydryl 7β-amino- 3-azidomethyl- 3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide To a stirred solution of the isomeric mixture of and & -cephems (from the step B, Example 14) (16 g, 38 mmol) in ethyl acetate (500 ml) at O°C was added sodium tungstate dihydrate (1.254 g, 3.8 mmol) and hydrogen peroxide (30% solution, 17.5 ml). After stirring at 0 °C for 15 min, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h when another batch of hydrogen peroxide (4.4 ml) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The mixture was cooled in an ice-bath and sodium bisulfite solution (13 g in 100 ml of water) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. Sodium carbonate solution (4 g in 80 ml of water) was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. Ethyl acetate layer was separated out, the aqueous layer was re-extracted with two portions of ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue hexane was added and the mixture was stirred with ice-cooling. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to give 12.2 g (71%) of pure benzhydryl 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylate-1, l-dioxide. IR (Nujol) max 2085, 1783, 1715 cm-1. NMR (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 2.35 (br, s, 2H) , 3.7 and 4.01 (ABq,

2H, J=18 HZ), 4.25 (br, S, 2H) , 4.8 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 4.95 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz) , 7.05 (s, 1H,), 7.4-7.65 (m, 10 H)

STEP D: Preparation of benzhydryl 7α-methoxy- 3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide

To an ice-cooled stirred solution of benzhydryl 7 ^β -amino-3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide (1.1 g, 2.43 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 ml) was added an ice-cold solution of sodium nitrite (184 mg, 2.67 mmol) in water (9 ml); 2.5 (N) sulfuric acid (l.i ml) was added dropwise at such a rate that the temperature was below 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 h; the dichloromethane layer was separated out and the aqueous

layer was re-extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 20 ml) . The combined organic layer was washed with water (25 ml) , brine (40 ml) , dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) , filtered. To the filtrate, methanol (25 ml) was added and while stirring at room temperature, rhodium acetate dimer (12 mg) was added in one portion. After 1 h stirring at room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica column using hexane-ethyl acetate mixture (3:2) as eluant to give 370 mg (33%) of pure b e n z h y d r y l 7 a - it. e t h o x y - 3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l,l-dioxide, m.p.

160°-161°C (from ether-hexane) . IR (Nujol) max 2090,

1791, 1716 cm-1. NMR (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 3.56 (s, 3H) , 3.71 and 3.99 (ABq, 2H,

J=18 Hz), 4.02 and 4.18 (ABq, 2H, J=14 Hz) , 4.70 (d, 1H, J=1.5 HZ), 5.19 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 6.97 (s, 1H) , 7.31-7.46 (m, 10 H) . STEP E: Preparation of benzhydryl 7 -methoxy-3-r (1. 2 . 3-triazolyl) methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide A solution of benzhydryl 7α-methoxy-3-azidomethyl- 3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide (3.1 g, 6.62 mmol) in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (60 ml) was transferred to a steel bomb and cooled to -78°C; the reaction vessel was flushed with nitrogen for 15 min; 14.0 g of acetylene was taken in the steel bomb and the reaction mixture was heated at 90°C overnight. The steel bomb was cooled in an ice-bath and the excess acetylene was slowly allowed to evaporate at room temperature. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified on a silica column using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1) as eluant to give a foamy product, 1.9 g (58%) . Ether was added to the foam and solid separated out was filtered off, m.p. 123-125°C. IR (Nujol) max 1786, 1713 cm-1.

NMR (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 3.55 (s, 3H) , 3.65 and 3.97 (ABq, 2H, J=18 Hz), 4.74 (s, 1H) , 5.16 (s, 3H) , 7.10 (s, 1H) , 7.30-7.43 (m, 10 H) , 7.51 (Ξ, 1H) , 7.67 (s, 1H) .

S

STEP F: Preparation of benzhydryl 7o.-methoxy-2 exomethylene-3-[ (1.2, 3-triazolyl) ethyl!- 3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide To a solution of benzhydryl 7α-methoxy-3-[(1,2, 3-triazolyl) methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-1,1 dioxide (1.8 g, 3.85 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 ml) and t-butanol (70 ml) was added dimethylamine hydrochloride (940 mg, 11.54 mmol) and formaldehyde solution (37%, 410 mg, 13.5 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80°C for 1.5 h and solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was taken in dichloromethane (60 ml) and washed with cold water, brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica column using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:2) as eluant to give benzhydryl 7α-methoxy-2-exomethylene- 3-[(l, 2,

3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide (910 mg, 49%) ; m.p. 177-179 °C, dec. (ethyl acetate-ether) . IR (Nujol) max 1765, 1723 cm-1

NMR (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 3.57 (s, 3H) , 4.87 (d, 1H, J=_2 Hz) , 5.01 and 5.47 (ABq, 2H, J=15 Hz), 5.29 (d, 1H, J=2 Hz), 6.55 (d, 1H, J=2.6 Hz), 6.64 (d, 1H, J=2.6 Hz) , 7.06 (s, 1H) , 7.3-7.37 (m, 10 H) , 7.51 (s, 1H) , 7.58 (s, 1H) . STEP G: Benzhydryl 7α-methoxy-2-spiro (2'.2'-diphenyl) cvclopropγl-3-r f1,2,3-triazolyl) methyl]-3- cephem- -carboxylate-1 ,l-dioxide

To a stirred solution of benzhydryl 7 -methoxy -2-exomethylene-3- [ ( 1 , 2 , 3-triazolyl) methyl] -3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide (840 mg, 1.66 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml) at room temperature was added diphenyldiazomethane (390 mg, 2.01 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography using ethyl acetate-hexane (1:1) as eluant to give 600 mg (54%) of pure benzhydryl 7α-methoxy-2-spiro-(2',2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-[(1,2,3-triazolyl) methyl]-3-cephem- 4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide, m.p. 196-198 °C dec. (ethyl acetate-hexane). IR (Nujol) max 1783, 1732 cm-1.

NMR (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 2.55 and 2.75 (ABq, 2H, J=7.6 Hz), 3.5 and 4.0 (ABq, 2H, J=15 Hz) , 3.47 (s, 3H) , 5.0 (d, IH, J=2 Hz), 5.1 (d, IH, J=2 Hz) , 7.06 (s, IH) , 7.24-7.49 (m, 20 H) , 7.63 (s, IH) , 7.9 (s, IH) .

EXAMPLE 2 7α-Methoxγ-2-spiro(2' .2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-r (1.2 3- triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-piperidine carboxamide-l _f 1- dioxide STEP A: Preparation of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro

(2' ,2'-diphenyl) cvclopropyl-3-r (1.2.3-triazolyl) methy11-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid-1,l-dioxide Benzhydryl 7 -methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-[ (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4- carboxylate-1,l-dioxide (from Step G, Example 14, 220 mg, 0.327 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of anisole (2 ml) and dichloromethane (1 ml) and cooled in an ice bath with stirring. After stirring at 0°C for 10 min, trifluoroacetic acid (3 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 h and solvent was removed to give an oil. A mixture of dry ether (5 ml) and hexane (5 ml) was added to the oil and the mixture was stirred with ice-cooling. The precipitated white solid was collected by filtration and dried over phosphorus pentoxide overnight to give 160 mg (97%) of 7α-methoxy-2- spiro (2 ', 2 '-diphenyl) cyclopropyl- 3-[(l,2,3- triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid-l,l-dioxide. NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) δ 2.45 (d, IH, J=7.6 Hz), 2.81 (d, IH, J=7.6 Hz), 3.48 (s, 3H) , 3.6 (d, IH, J=15 Hz), 4.76 (d, IH, -J=15 Hz), 5.06 (d, IH, J 1.8 Hz), 5.09 (d, IH, J=1.8 Hz), 6.0 (br, S, IH) , 7.24-7.52 ( , 10 H) , 7.77 (s, IH) , 8.10 (S, IH) .

STEP B: 7c_-Methoxy-2-spiro (2 ' .2'-diphenyl)cvclopropyl-3- 1(1.2,3-triazolyl) ethyl1-3-cephem-4-piperidine carboxamide-l.l-dioxide

To an ice-cooled solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro-

(2 ' , 2 ' -diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3- [ (1,2, 3-triazolyl) methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid-l,l-dioxide (150 mg,

0.296 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (46 mg, 0.362 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (1 ml) , dimethyl formamide (1 drop) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 15 min. followed by at room temperature for 15 min. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was redissolved in dichloromethane (2 ml) , cooled in an ice-bath, piperidine (58 mg, 0.68 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was added dropwise and the reddish brown solution was stirred at 0°C for 1 h. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product (240 mg) which was purified on a silica column using ethyl acetate-acetonitrile (6:4) mixture as eluant to give pure 7α-methoxy-2-spiro- (2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-[ (1,2,3-triazolyl) methyl]-3-cephem-4-piperidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide.

NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) δ 1.63-2.09 ( , 6H, piperidyl) , 2.37 (d,

IH, J=7.2 Hz), 3.01 (d, IH, J=7.2 Hz), 3.47-3.60 (m, 6H, piperidyl + 3'-CH ₂ ), 3.50 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 4.84 (d, IH,

J=1.3 HZ), 4.86 (d, IH, J=l.3 Hz) , 6.98-7.53 (m, 10 H, aromatic), 7.87 (s, IH) , 8.10 (s, IH) .

EXAMPLE 3 p-Methoxγbenzyl 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-r (1,2 _f 3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4- carboxylate-1,l-dioxide STEP A: Preparation of p-methoxybenzyl

7β-amino-3-azido-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate p-Methoxybenzyl-7-amino-3-chloromethyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylate (30.5 g, 0.083 mol) was dissolved in

N,N-dimethylformamide (160 ml) . A solution of sodium azide (26.88 g, 0.414 mol) in water (75 ml) was added dropwise over a period of 15 min to the above solution and the dark brown reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride and the organic layer was separated, washed successively with water, brine, dried

(Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and concentrated in vacuo to give a dark brown residue (25 g) which was purified over silica column using a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate (1:3) as eluant to give

pure p-methoxybenzyl 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl- 3-cephem-4-carboxylate (17.5 g, 55.3%). IR (Nujol) max 2105 cm-1.

NMR (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 1.80 (br, 2H, NH ₂ ) , 3.47 (ABq, 2H, J=18 Hz), 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 3.93 and 4.34 (ABq, 2H, J= 13.7 Hz), 4.75 (d, IH, J = 5.1 Hz), 4.91 (d, IH, J=5.1 Hz), 5.23 (s, 2H, -COOCH ₂ ), 6.89 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.35 (d, 2H, aromatic) . STEP B: Preparation of p-methyoxγbenzyl 7β-amino- 3-azido-methyl-3-cephem- 4-carboxylate-l,l-dioxide p-Methoxybenzyl 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylate (17.15 g, 0.046 mol) in ethyl acetate was cooled to 15°C, sodium tungstate dihydrate (1.52 g, 0.0046 mol) was added followed by hydrogen peroxide (30%, 20.73 ml) in one portion and the stirring was continued at room temperature. After two hours an additional portion of hydrogen peroxide (5.18 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for a total period of 18 h; the mixture was cooled to 10°C and a solution of sodium sulphite (10%, 600 ml) was added while stirring. Organic layer was separated out, washed with aq. sodium bicarbonate solution, brine and dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) . Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo gave a foam (12 g) which was purified over a silica column using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:3) as eluant to give the pure product as a white foam (6.8 g, 36.5%). IR (Nujol) max 2083 cm-1.

NMR (CDC1 ₃ ) δ 2.23 (br s, 2H, NH ₂ ) , 3.71 and 3.92 (ABq, 2H, J=18 Hz, CH ₂ N ₃ ) , 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 4.11 and 4.34 (ABq, 2H, J=14 Hz) , 4.72 (d, IH, J=4 Hz) , 4.89 (d, IH/ J=4 HZ), 5.24 (s, 2H, -C00CH ₂ ) , 6.90 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.39 (d, 2H, aromatic).

STEP C: Preparation of p-methoxybenzyl 7β-amino-3-f (1.2, 3-triazolyl) methyll-3-cephem-4-carboxylate- 1.l-dioxide p-Methoxybenzyl 7β-amino-3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-

4-carboxylate-l, l-dioxide (2.7 g, 0.0066 mol) was dissolved in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (100 ml) and placed in a steel bomb. The reaction vessel was cooled to

-60°C and charged with 3.0 g of acetylene. The steel bomb was heated at 90°C over a period of 8 h. Excess acetylene was carefully vented out at 0°C and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give a crude mass (2.0 g) which was purified on a silica column using hexane-ethyl acetate ( 3 : 7 ) a s e lu ant to g ive pur e p-methoxybenzyl-7β-amino-3- [ (1,2,3-triazolyl)- methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-1,l-dioxide (1.45 g, 50.52%) . NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) δ 2.04 (br, 2H, NH ₂ ) , 3.59 and 3.95 (ABq,

2H, J= 18.3 Hz), 3.80 (s, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) , 4.64 (br, s, IH) , 4.87 (br, s, IH) , 5.04-5.36 (m, 4H) , 6.89 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.31 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.68 (s, 2H, triazole) . STEP D: Preparation of p-methoxybenzyl-7Q_-methoxy-3- [ f l , 2 _r 3-triazolyl) ethyl] -3-cephem-

4-carboxylate-l,l-dioxide A solution of p-methoxybenzyl-7β-amino-3-[(1,2,3- triazolyl) ethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l,l-dioxide(800 g, 0.00185 mol) in dry ethyl acetate was cooled to 10°C under nitrogen. Isopropyl nitrite (0.247 g, 0.0028 mol) was added to the above solution followed by 3 drops of trifluoroacetic acid. The reaction mixture was further stirred at 10°C for 1 h and cooled to -5°C. Rhodium octanoate dimer (18 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate (10 ml) and anhydrous methanol (2 ml) and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 0°C. After stirring for 30 min, 5 drops of triethylamine was added (the color changes from light green to purple) and the solution was further cooled to -5°C. The above two solutions were mixed together at -5°C and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with 50 ml of ethylacetate, made acidic with glacial acetic acid, the reaction mixture was washed with cold water, brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent gave a dark brown foam which was purified over silica column using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1) as eluant to give the desired product, p-methoxybenzyl-7α -methoxy-3-[ (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]-

3-cephem-4 carboxylate-1,l-dioxide, 140 mg (20%).

NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) δ 3.54 (ε, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 3.65 and 3.93 (ABq, 2H, J=18 Hz), 3.82 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 4.70 (d, IH, J=l.l Hz) , 5.08-5.40 (m, 5H) , 6.91 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.37 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.73 (s, 2H, triazole) .

STEP E: Preparation of p-methoxybenzyl-7α-methoxy-2 exomethylene-3-[(1.2.3-triazolyl)methyl!- 3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l.l-dioxide To a solution of p-methoxybenzyl-7α-methoxy- 3-[ (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l,1-d ioxide (1.27 g, 0.0028 mol) in dry dichloromethane (8 ml) was added successively dimethylamine hydrochloride (0.692 g) , formaldehyde (0.804 ml) solution and t-butanol (35 ml) . The reaction mixture was heated with stirring at 75°C for 2.5 h; solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with water, brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and evaporated to give a gummy mass which was purified over a silica column using a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1) as eluant to give p-methoxybenzyl-2-exomethylene- 7α-methoxy-3 [ (1, 2 , 3-triazolyl)methyl] -3-cephem- 4-carboxylate-l,l-dioxide.

NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) <5 ^" 3.57 (S, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) , 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ,

4.81 (d, IH, J= 1.48 Hz) , 5.17-5.54 (m, 5H) , 6.56 (d, IH, J=2.6 Hz), 6.63 (d, IH, J= 2.6 Hz), 6.90 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.35 (d, 2H, aromatic), 7.66 (s, IH, triazole),

7.76 (s, IH, triazole).

STEP F: Preparation of p-methoxybenzyl-2-spiro.2' .2'- diphenyl)cyclopropyl-7c.-methoxy-3-r (1,2,3- triazolyl. ethyl1-3-cephem-4-carboxylate-l,1- dioxide To a stirred solution of p-methoxybenzyl-2-exo- methylene-7α-methoxy-3-[(l,2,3-triazolyl)methyl] - 3-cephem-4-carboxylate-1,l-dioxide (300 mg, 0.00065 mol) in methylene chloride (20 ml) was added diphenyldiazomethane (164 mg, 0.00085 mol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h, the mixture was diluted with methylene chloride, washed

with brine, dried (Na2S04) and evaporated to give a pink foam (380 mg) which was purified over a silica column using a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1) as eluant to give the desired product, p-methoxybenzyl-2-spiro(2' , 2 '— diphenyl)-7α- methoxy-3-[ (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]- 3-cephem-4-carboxylate- 1,l-dioxide (295 mg, 73%).

NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) δ 2.57 (d, IH, J=7.8 Hz), 2.77 (d, IH, J=7.8 Hz), 3.47 (s, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) , 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 3.57 and 4.34 (ABq, 2H, J=15.3 Hz), 4.98 (d, IH, J-=2 Hz) , 5.07 (d, IH, J= 2 HZ), 5.23 and 5.35 (ABq, 2H, J=11.6 Hz) , 6.87-7.47 (m, 14 H, aromatic), 7.67 (s, IH, triazole), 7.93 (s, IH, triazole) .

EXAMPLE 4 7a-Methoxy-2-spirof2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl- 3-methyl-3- cephem-4-[2-(S)-t-butoxycarbonyl pyrrolidine carboxamide!- 1.l-dioxide

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro (2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3- methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid-1,l-dioxide (0.41 g, from Step A, Example 9) was dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane, oxalyl chloride (0.1 ml) was added followed by two drops of N,N-dimethyl formamide. The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-temperature for 15 min. and then at room temperature for 15 min. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude mass was redissolved in dry dichloromethane (5 ml) , cooled in an ice-bath, 2-(S)-t-butoxycarbonyl pyrrolidine (0.31 g) was added in one portion and the mixture was stirred at ice-temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed successively with water, dil. hydrochloric acid and brine; dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and concentrated to give a light brown foam (0.42 g) which was purified on column using hexane-ethyl acetate mixture as eluant to give pure 7α-methoxy- 2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)- cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3-cephem- 4-[2-(S)-t-butoxycarbonyl pyrrolidine carboxamide]- 1,l-dioxide as a white foam (0.011 g) .

NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) δ 1.28 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) 1.42 (s, 9H, t-butyl) , 1.92-2.20 (m, 4H, pyrrolidinyl) , 2.26 (d, IH, J = 7.0 Hz),

2.80 (d, IH, J = 6.92 Hz) , 3.40-3.49 (m, IH, pyrrolidinyl) ,

3.43 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 3.61-3.71 (m, IH, pyrrolidinyl), 4.41-4.46 (br, dd, IH, pyrrolidinyl), 4.53 (d, IH, J=1.85 Hz), 4.74 (d, IH, J=1.87 Hz), 7.15-7.48 (m, 10 H, aromatic) .

EXAMPLE 5 7o.-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-f2-(S)-carboxy pyrrolidine carboxamide1-1,1- dioxide

A solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' , 2 '- diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[2- (S) -t- butoxycarbonyl pyrrolidine carboxamide]-1,l-dioxide (150 mg, 0.25 mmol) in anhydrous formic acid (15 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was freeze-dried to. give a white solid which was washed repeatedly with a mixture of hexane-ether (4:1) , air dried (131 mg, 96.32%) . ^X H NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 1.13 and 1.21 (2s, 3H) ,

2.02-2.23 (m, 4H, pyrrolidinyl), 2.32 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz), 2.78 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz), 3.40 (s, IH, pyrrolidinyl), 3.44 (s, 3H) , 3.47-3.62 (m, IH, pyrrolidinyl), 4.31-4.44 (m, IH, pyrrolidinyl), 4.75 (br, s, IH) , 4,89 (br, s, IH) , 7.20-7.41 (m, 10H) , 12.41 (br, ε, IH) .

EXAMPLE 6 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' .2'-diphenyl)cvclopropyl-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-f4-t-butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide1-1.1- dioxide ' 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3- methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid-1,l-dioxide (2.87 g. 6.53 mmol) was taken in dry methylene chloride (40 ml), oxalyl chloride (1.10 g) was added followed by two drops of dimethyl formamide. The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-temperature for 15 min and then at room temperature for 1 hour. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (50 ml)

and evaporated again in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in methylene chloride (50 ml) , cooled to 0°C; a solution of t-butyl isonipecotinate (1.21 g, 6.53 mmol) in dry methylene chloride (50 ml) was added followed by triethylamine (0.667 g, 6.53 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 min and at room temperature for 2.5 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride (100 ml) and washed successively with water, 1(N) HC1 acid, water, aq. NaHC0 ₃ solution, brine, dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ . Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave a foam (4.1 g) which was purified over a silica gel column using hexane-ethyl acetate mixture (1:1) as eluant to give a white foam (3.29 g, 83.09%). E NMR (200 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) : δ 0.89 and 0.92 (2s, 3H) ,

1.42 and 1.44 (2s, 9H) , 1.51-2.03 (m, 4H, piperidyl), 2.24 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz), 2.37-2.47 ( , IH, piperidyl), 2.91 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz), 2.97-3.11 (m, 2H, piperidyl), 3.45 (s, 3H) , 3.64-3.79 (m, IH, piperidyl), 4.34-4.41 (m, IH, piperidyl), 4.96 (br, s, IH) , 5.03-5.06 (m, IH) , 7.17-7.50 (m, 10H) .

EXAMPLE 7 α-Methvoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-r4-carboxy piperidine carboxamide1-1,l-dioxide A solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2'2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4-t-butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide]-1,l-dioxide (4.4 g. 7.3 mmol) in anhydrous formic acid (70 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the completion of the reaction the reaction mixture was freeze-dried to give a white solid which was washed thoroughly with a mixture of hexane-ether (4:1) , the solid was collected by filtration and air dried (3.78 g, 94.74%). ^-H NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ + DMSO-d ₆ ) : δ 0.87 and 0.90

(2s, 3H) , 1.58-2.05 (m, 4H, piperidyl), 2.26 (d, IH, J=6.70 Hz), 2.49-2.51 (m, IH, piperidyl), 2.90 (d, IH,

J=6.70 Hz), 3.03-3.14 ( , 2H, piperidyl), 3.46 (s,3.63- 3.82 (m, IH, piperidyl), 5.00 (br, s, IH) , 5.04 (br s, IH) , 7.21-7.48 (m, 10H) , 11.90 (br s, IH) .

EXAMPLE 8 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro (2 ' .2'-diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4- f 2 - ■_ N- (t-butylpropionate-2-yl) carboxamido)-1pyrrolidine carboxamide 1,l-dioxide.

To a stirred and ice cooled solution of 7o;-methoxy-2- spiro (2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid 1,l-dioxide (365 mg, 0.83 mmol) in methylene chloride (15 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (140 mg, 1.08 mmol) followed by two drops of DMF. The suspension became clear within 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-temperature for 15 min and at room temp, for 30 min. Then it was evaporated in vacuo to give a pink colored solid. The solid was redissolved in DCM and evaporated in vacuo. The solid thus obtained was dissolved in DCM (10 ml) and cooled to 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of Pro-Ala-tert-butyl ester (201 mg, 0.83 mmol) in DCM (3 ml) was added to the above reaction mixture followed by triethylamine (85 mg. 0.83 mmol) dissolved in 2 ml of DCM. The above reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 15 min and at room temp, for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with 100 ml of DCM and washed successively with cold water, aq. NaHC0 ₃ solution, brine, dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and evaporated to give a light green colored foam (480 mg) which was purified over a silica gel column using a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1) as eluant. The compound obtained (310 mg) was further purified by preparative tic using a mixture of methylene chloride- ethyl acetate (8:2) as developing solvent. The purified product was used in Example 9.

EXAMPLE 9 7α-Methoχy-2-spiro ( 2 ' . 2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-r2-{N-(c_-methylacetic acid) carboxamido}! pyrrolidine carboxamide 1,l-dioxide

A solution of 7 -methoxy-2-spiro (2' ,2'-diphenyl)

cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4[2-{N-(t-butylpropionate- 2-yl) carboxamido}] pyrrolidine carboxamide 1,l-dioxide (104 mg, 0.16 mmol) in anhydrous formic acid (9 ml) was stirred at room temp, for 2 hours and freeze dried (93 mg) . K NMR (200 MHZ, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.90 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) , 1.49 (d, 3H, J=1.33 Hz), 1.81-2.19 (m, 2H, pyrrolidinyl), 2.22- 2.28 ( , 3H, cyclopropyl + pyrrolidinyl), 2.95 (d, IH, J=6.94 Hz, cyclopropyl), 3.35-3.58 ( , 5H, CH ₃ 0 + pyrrolidinyl), 4.52-4.65 (m, 2H, pyrrolidinyl), 5.11 (d, IH, J=1.96 Hz), 5.13 (d, IH, J=1.96 Hz), 7.19-7.52 (m, 11H, aromatic + COOH), 7.90 (d, IH, J=7.28 Hz, NH) .

EXAMPLE 10 7e_-Methoxy-2-spiro (2' _r 2'-diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4—,N-(l-t-butγloxycarbonyl-3-methyl-butane-l-yl) } carboxamido-1, l-dioxide

To a stirred and ice-cooled solution of 7α-methoxy-2- spiro (2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid l,l-dioxide (685 mg, 1.56 mmol) in methylene chloride (50 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (263 mg, 2.03 mmol) followed by two drops of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at 10°C for 15 min and at room temperature for 45 min and then it was evaporated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was redissolved in methylene chloride and evaporated again in vacuo. The residue was finally dissolved in anhydrous methylene chloride (50 ml) and cooled to 5°C under N ₂ , to the above solution a solution of leucine-t-butyl ester (307 mg, 1.64 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 ml) was added followed by a solution of triethylamine (175 mg, 1.72 mmol) in methylene chloride (1 ml) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 5°C for 15 min, then at room temperature for 3 hours, diluted with methylene chloride (100 ml) and washed successively with water, 1(N) HC1 acid, water, aq. NaHC0 ₃ solution, brine, and dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and evaporated in vacuo to give a yellow colored foam (800 mg) which was purified over a silica gel column using a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate

(3:2) to give the product as a white solid (590 mg, 62.17%) . ^λ E NMR (200 MHZ, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.95 (d, 6H, J=6.13 Hz) ,

1.07 (S, 3H) , 1.49 (S, 9H) , 1.57-1.80 (m, 3H) , 2.31 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz), 2.92 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz) , 3.46 (s, 3H) , 4.6

(q, IH) , 4.92 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz), 5.03 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz) ,

6.44 (d, IH, J=8.1 Hz), 7.21-7.47 (m, 10H) .

EXAMPLE 11 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro (2 ' . 2'-diphenyl) cvclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4--fN- (l-carboχy-3-methyl-butane-l-yl)} carboxamido-l,l-dioxide

A solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro (2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3-cephem-4-{N-(l-t-butoxycarbonyl-3- methyl-butane-1-yl) } carboxamido-l,l-dioxide (170 mg, 0.28 mmol) in anhydrous formic acid (15 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The progress of the reaction was followed by tic; when all the starting material was completely disappeared, the reaction mixture was freeze- dried to give a white solid which was washed thoroughly with a mixture of hexane-ether (9:1). The solid was collected by filtration and air dried (153 mg, 99.35%).

¹ H NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.95 (d, 6H, J=1.41 Hz), 1.07 (s, 3H) , 1.75 (br, s, 3H) , 2.33 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz), 2.93 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz) , 3.46 (ε, 3H) , 4.74 (br m, IH) , 4.97 (br s, IH) , 5.04 (br s, IH) , 6.71 (br d, IH) , 7.26- 7.47 (m, 10H) .

EXAMPLE 12 7o.-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cvclopropyl-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-(N-methyl piperazine carboxamide)-1.l-dioxide • To a stirred and ice-cooled solution of 7α-methoxy-2- spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid -1,l-dioxide (0.439 g, from Step A, Example 9) , in dry dichloromethane (5 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (0.1 ml) followed by two drops of N,N-dimethyl formamide, the reaction mixture was stirred at ice- temperature for 15 min and at room temperature for 15 min. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was redissolved in dry dichloromethane (5 ml) , cooled in

an ice-bath, N-methyl piperazine (0.22 ml) was added in one portion and the reaction mixture was stirred at ice- temp, for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride, washed with ice-cold water, dil. hydrochloric acid and finally with brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and concentrated to give a brown foam which was purified on silica gel column using hexane-ethyl acetate mixture as eluant to give 0.32 g of pure product which was crystallized from ether to give a pale yellow solid (0.192 g) , m.p. 202°-204°C.

NMR(CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.89 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) , 2.24 (d, IH- J=7.07 Hz), 2.28 (s, 3H, N-CH ₃ ) , 2.36-2.54 (m, 4H, piperazinyl) , 2.91 (d, IH, J=7.07 Hz), 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) , 3.49-3.62 (m, 3H, piperazinyl), 3.77-3.85 (m, IH, piperazinyl), 4.95 (d, IH, J=2.05 Hz), 5.05 (d, IH, J=2.09 Hz) , 7.17-7.50 (m, 10H, aromatic) .

EXAMPLE 13 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro (2 ' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-f4-tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazinecarboxamide- 1,l-dioxide

To a stirred and ice cooled suspension of 7α-methoxy- 2-spiro (2',2'-diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-methy1-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid l,l-dioxide (1.0 g, 2.28 mmol) in methylene chloride (50 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (0.347 g, 2.74 mmol) followed by two drops of DMF. The suspension became clear after a few minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-bath temperature for 10 min and at room temperature for 1.5 h at which time the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in methylene chloride (40 mL) and solvent was removed in vacuo. The last step was repeated with another 40 mL of methylene chloride and then the flask was placed on the pump to remove any residual oxalyl chloride. The solid obtained was dissolved in methylene chloride (40 mL) and cooled to 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of t- butoxycarbonyl piperazine (0.51 g, 2.74 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 mL) was added to the above reaction mixture followed by triethylamine (0.277 g, 2.74 mmol). After

stirring at ice-bath temperature for 10 min, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. Methylene chloride (50 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and washed successively with aqueous sodium bicarbonate (5%, 20 mL) solution; water and brine. The methylene chloride solution was dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and solvent was removed in vacuo to give a foam (1.6 g) which was purified over a silica gel column using a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate (1:2) as eluant to give 1.0 (72%) of product. ^X E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.89 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.44

(s, 9H, t-butyl) ; 2.24 (d, IH, J= 7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.92 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 3.38-3.82 (m, 8H, piperazine); 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ); 4.96 (d, IH, J=1.9 Hz); 5.04 (d, IH, J=1.9 Hz); 7.21-7.49 (m, 10H, aromatic). IR (Nujol): max 1777, 1685, 1642 cm ^"1

EXAMPLE 14 7Q.-Methoxy-2-spiro (2 ' ,2'-diphenyl) cvclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

A solution of 7α_-methoxy-2-spiro (2',2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butoxycarbonyl] piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (100 g, 0.16 mmol) in anhydrous formic acid (3 mL) was stirred in a warm water bath (35°C) for 1.5 h and freeze dried to give 100 mg of crude product. The residue was purified on a silica gel column eluting with a solvent gradient of hexane-ethyl acetate (1:3), ethyl acetate and finally with ethyl acetate-methanol (4:1) to give 60 mg (72%) of a solid. The solid was dissolved in a minimum amount of methylene chloride and hexane was added to give 20 mg of pure product.

² H NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.90 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.93

(br, s, piperazine); 2.24 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl);

2.91 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.7-3.05 (m, 3H, piperazine); 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ;- 3.3-3.85 ( , 5H, piperazine); 4.96 (d, IH, J=2 Hz); 5.04 (d, IH, J=2 Hz); 7.21-7.5 ( , 10H, aromatic). IR (Nujol): max 1778, 1636 cm ^-1

EXAMPLE 15

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro .2' ^'-diphenyl) cvclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butoxy carbonyl methyl! piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

To a stirred and ice cooled suspension of 7α-methoxy- 2-spiro (2',2'-diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-methyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid 1,l-dioxide (400 mg, 0.91 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (139 mg, 1.09 mmol) followed by two drops of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-bath temperature for 10 min and at room temperature for 1.5 h during which time the carboxylic acid dissolved completely. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting solid was redissolved twice in methylene chloride (2 x 20 mL) and solvent was removed in vacuo each time. The residue was placed on the pump for 40 minutes to remove any remaining oxalyl chloride. The solid obtained was dissolved in methylene chloride (20 mL) and cooled to 0° C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of t-butoxy-carbonyl methyl piperazine (220 mg, 1.09 mmol) in methylene chloride (15 mL) was added followed by triethylamine (111 mg. 1.09 mmol) . After stirring at ice-bath temperature for 10 mins, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Methylene chloride (50 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and then washed successively with dilute HC1 [0.5 (N)], 15 mL, NaHC0 ₃ (5%, 15 mL) solution, water and brine. The methylene chloride solution was dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and solvent was removed in vacuo to give 0.65 g of foam.

Purification on a silica gel column using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:2, v/v) as eluant gave 350 mg (56%) of product. E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.89 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.45

(s, 9H, t-butyl) ; 2.24 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl),

2.91 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.54-2.63 (m, 4H, piperazine); 3.12 (s, 2H, CH ₂ ) ; 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 3.12- 3.61 (m, 3H, piperazine); 3.86-3.92 (m, IH, piperazine);

4.95 (d, IH, J=1.9 HZ); 5.03 (d, IH, J=1.9 Hz) ; 7.17-7.49

( , 10H, aromatic) .

EXAMPLE 16

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro (2' ,2'-diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-f4-N-acetic acid] piperazine carboxamide-l,1- dioxide

A stirred solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro (2',2'- diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butoxy carbonyl methyl] piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (190 mg, 0.305 mmol) in anhydrous formic acid (30 mL) was placed in a warm water bath (40°C) . The mixture was stirred overnight during which time the temperature was allowed to drop to room temperature. The resulting mixture was freeze dried and the solid obtained was dissolved in a minimum amount of dichloromethane. Ether and hexane were added to precipitate 35 mg of pure product. ^λ E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.89 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.25

(d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.92 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.72-2.80 (m, 4H, piperazine); 3.26 (s, 2H, CH ₂ ) ; 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 3.43-4.03 (m, 5H, piperazine + COOH); 4.96 (d, IH, J=1.9 Hz); 5.03 (d, IH, J=1.9 Hz); 7.22-7.49 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 17 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro ( 2 ' , 2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-r4-tert-butyl propionate! iperazine carboxamide- 1,l-dioxide To a stirred and ice cooled suspension of 7α-methoxy-

2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)-cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid-1,l-dioxide (4.3 g, 0.0098 mol) in methylene chloride (200 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (1.616 g, 0.0127 mol) followed by three drops of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-bath temperature for 1 hour and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was placed on the pump for 30 minutes to remove any remaining oxalyl chloride. The solid was dissolved in methylene chloride and cooled to 0°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of 4-(t-butyl propionate) piperazine (2.1 g, 0.0098 mol) in methylene chloride (80 ml) was added followed by triethylamine (1.387 g, 0.0137 mol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room

temperature for 2 hours. Methylene chloride (100 ml) and water (80 ml) were added and methylene chloride layer separated out. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (80 ml) . The combined methylene chloride layers were washed with brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and solvent was removed in vacuo to give a residue (6.4 g) which was purified over a silica gel column using hexane- ethyl acetate as eluant to give 4.6 g (74%) of the title compound as a foam. NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.89 (S, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.43

(s, 9H, t-butyl) ; 2.2-2.68 (m, 9H) ; 2.91 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 3.38-3.61 (m, 3H, piperazine); 3.46 (s, 3H,

OCH ₃ ) ; 3.71-3.82 (m, IH, piperazine); 4.95 (d, IH, J=2.0

Hz); 5.03 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 7.17-7.49 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 18 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro.2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-r4-N-propionic acidlpiperazine carboxamide-l,1- dioxide

A solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro (2',2'- diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butoxy carbonyl ethyl]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (1.5 g. 0.00236 mol) in anhydrous formic acid (130 ml) was heated at 50°C for 3 hours. The resulting solution was freeze dried; the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (350 ml) , washed with water, brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and solvent was removed in vacuo. Ether was added to the residue and the precipitated solid was filtered off, 1.0 g (73%) .

² H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) : δ 0.88 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.25

(d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.50-2.90 (m, 9H) ; 3.25-

3.7 (m, 3H, piperazine); 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 4.1-4.3 ( , IH, piperazine); 4.97 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 5.03 (d, IH,

J=2.0 Hz); 7.22-7.49 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 19 7o_-Methoxγ-2-spiro ( 2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-

cephem-4-[4-N-sodium propionate!piperazine carboxamide- 1,l-dioxide

To a solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'- diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3-cephem-4-[4-N-propionic acid]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (0.5 g, 0.00086 mol) in ethyl acetate (100 ml) was added a solution of sodium ethyl hexanoate (0.144 g, 0.00086 mol) in ethyl acetate (20 ml) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere for 4 hours and ether was added, the precipitated solid was filtered off (0.45 g) . The sodium salt was purified by using Analtech Reverse phase TLC plates. The compound was eluted by using a mixture of acetonitrile-water (2:5) and the sodium salt (80 mg) was collected after freeze drying. ^λ E NMR (200 MHz, D ₂ 0) : δ 0.94 (2s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.38-

3.03 (m, 10H) , 3.49 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 3.49-3.84 (m, 4H, piperazine); 5.4 (br, s, IH) ; 5.05 and 5.5 (2s, IH) ; 7.27- 7.72 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 20 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-r4-C2-pyridyl) Ipiperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

To a stirred and ice-cooled suspension of 7α-methoxy-

2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid 1,l-dioxide (4.0 g, 0.009 mol) in methylene chloride (200 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (1.503 g, 0.0118 mol) followed by three drops of DMF. The mixture was removed from ice bath and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the resulting solid was redissolved twice in methylene chloride (2 x 100 ml) and solvent was removed under vacuum each time. The residue was placed on the pump for 30 minutes to remove any remaining oxalyl chloride. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride and cooled to 0°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of 2-pyridinylpiperazine (1.933 g, 0.0118 mol) in methylene chloride was added followed by triethylamine (1.8 g, 0.0177 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Methylene chloride (100 ml)

and water (60 ml) were added and the organic layer was separated out. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with dichloromethane (80 ml) . The combined methylene chloride layers were washed with brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give a residue which was purified over a silica gel column using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:3) as eluant. The desired compound was obtained as a foam (3.4g). ^λ E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.92 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.24 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 2.93 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.46 (s, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) ; 3.43-3.69 (m, 7H, piperazine); 3.82-3.93 (m, IH, piperazine); 4.97 (d, IH, J=1.5 Hz); 5.05 (d, IH, J=1.5 Hz); 6.62-6.68 (m, 3H, pyridine) ; 7.18-7.52 (m, 10H, phenyl); 8.17 (d, IH, J=5.5 Hz, pyridine).

EXAMPLE 21 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-r4-(N-methyl pyridinium iodide)-2-yllpiperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide A mixture of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' , 2'- diphenyl) cyclopropy1-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4- (2- pyridyl) ]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (0.5 g, 0.00085 mol) and methyl iodide (5.586 g, 0.0393 mol) in acetone (15 ml) was heated in a sealed tube for 70 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and ether was added, the precipitated solid was filtered off (0.22 g) . E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.95 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.30 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.93 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 3.47 (s, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) ; 3.25-3.75 (m, 7H, piperazine); 4.14-4.22 (m, IH, piperazine); 4.36 (s, 3H, N-CH ₃ ) ; 4.98 and 5.05 (2s, 2H) ; 7.20-7.93 (m, 12H, aromatic); 8.23 (m, IH, pyridine), 8.82 (d, IH, J=5.5 Hz, pyridine) .

EXAMPLE 22 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro ( 2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-r4-(pyridinium hydrochloride)-2-yllpiperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

To an ice cooled solution of 7α-methoxy-2-

spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4-

(2-pyridyl)piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (0.2 g) in methylene chloride (20 ml) , hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled for 20 minutes; ether was added and the precipitated solid was filtered off (0.15 g) . E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.93 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.29 (br, d, IH, cyclopropyl); 2.93 (br, d, IH, cyclopropyl); 3.46,(s, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) ; 3.49-4.34 (m, 8H, piperazine); 5.04 and 5.3 (2s, 2H) ; 6.94 (br, s, 2H, pyridine); 7.24-7.46 (m, 11H, pyridine + phenyl); 7.91 (br, s, IH, pyridine); 8.24 (br, s, IH, NH) .

EXAMPLE 23

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro (2 ' .2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-f4-(N-methyl pyridinium trifluoromethyl sulfonate)2-yllpiperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

To a mixture of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'- diphenyl) cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4- [4- (2- pyridinyl) ]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (0.3 g, 0.0005 mol) and methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (0.3 ml) , methylene chloride (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 74 hours. An oil separated out, the methylene chloride layer was decanted off; to the oily residue ether was added. The precipitated brownish yellow solid was filtered off. ^α H NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ + DMS0-d ₆ ) : δ 0.92 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.33 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 2.91 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz, cyclopropyl); 3.49 (s, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) ; 3.36-3.87 (m, 7H, piperazine); 4.08-4.15 ( , IH, piperazine); 4.23 (s, 3H, N-CH ₃ ) ; 5.06 and 5.15 (2s, 2H) ; 7.22-7.7 (m, 12H, pyridine + phenyl) ; 8.27-8.36 (m, IH, pyridine); 8.64 (d, IH, J=5.5 Hz, pyridine). EXAMPLE 24

7_-Methoxy-2-spiro.2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-r (pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl!-1,l-dioxide

To a stirred and ice cooled suspension of 7α-methoxy-

2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid-1,l-dioxide (2.0 g, 0.00455 mol) in methylene chloride (100 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (0.693 g, 0.00546 mol) followed by three drops of DMF. The reaction mixture was removed from the ice bath and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was placed on the pump for 30 minutes to remove any remaining oxalyl chloride. The solid was dissolved in methylene chloride and cooled to 0°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of pyrazole (0.37 g, 0.0055 mol) in methylene chloride was added, followed by triethylamine (0.944 g, 0.00933 mol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. To the mixture, methylene chloride (100 ml) and water (60 ml) were added. The organic layer was separated out and the aqueous layer was extracted with more methylene chloride (60 ml) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid (2.3 g) residue. To the residue, acetonitrile was added and the precipitated solid was filtered off (350 mg) . E NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) : δ 0.78 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.55

(d, IH, J=7.0 HZ); 2.8 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz) ; 3.40 (s, 3H,

OCH ₃ ) ; 5.25 and 5.4 (2s, 2H) ; 6.75 ( , IH, pyrazole); 7.1- 7.7 (m, 10H, aromatic); 8.15 (br, s, IH, pyrazole); 8.45

(d, IH, pyrazole) .

EXAMPLE 25 7c-Methoxγ-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-f (4-carboxy pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,l-dioxide The compound was prepared in the same way as described in the previous example. Instead of pyrazole, 4-carboxy pyrazole was used. ^λ E NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) : 5 0.99 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.39

(d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 2.99 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.42 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 5.08 and 5.13 (2s, 2H) ; 7.19-7.52 (m, 11H, COOH + aromatic); 8.26 (s, IH, pyrazole); 8.76 (ε, IH, pyrazole).

EXAMPLE 26 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-

cephem- ₄ - r ₄ -methyl- ₂ -ethoxycarbonyl) piperazine carboxamide-l.l-dioxide

To a stirred and ice cooled suεpenεion of 7α-methoxy- 2-spiro(2',2'-diphenyl)-cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid-1,l-dioxide (3.32 g, 0.00756 mol) in methylene chloride (150 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (1.25 g, 0.00983 mol) followed by three drops of DMF. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. Solvent and all other volatile materials were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was redissolved in methylene chloride (100 ml) , cooled to 0°C and a solution of 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-N-methyl-piperazine (1.36 g, 0.0076 mol) in methylene chloride was added followed by triethylamine (1.15 g, 0.0114 mol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then poured into a mixture of water (100 ml) and methylene chloride

(100 ml) . The organic layer was separated out, washed with brine, dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue (3.1 g) which was purified over a silica gel column using ethyl acetate-hexane (4:1) as eluant to give the desired product as a foam (2.1 g) . ^λ E NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) : δ 0.78 and 0.88 (2s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.09 and 1.13 (2t, 3H, -CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ; 2.15 and 2.24 (2s, 3H, N-CH ₃ ) ; 1.92 and 2.97 (m, 7H, cyclopropyl + piperazine); 3.15-3.3 (m, IH, piperazine); 3.43 and 3.45 (2S, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) ; 3.93-4.35 (m, 2H, -0CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ; 4.97-5.25 (m, IH, piperazine); 5.28 (br, d, IH) ; 5.62 and 5.63 (2 br, s, IH) ; 7.15-7.73 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 27 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-f4-(2-hydroxyethyl) Ipiperazine carboxamide-l, 1- dioxide

The compound was prepared in the same way as described before by using 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine. ² H NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 1.95 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.7

(br, IH, OH); 2.25 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 2.35-2.65 (m, 6H) ; 2.90 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.45 (ε, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 3.4-3.65 (m, 5H) ; 3.85 (m, IH) ; 4.95 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz) ; 5.05 (d, IH,

J=2.0 Hz) ; 7.15-7.50 (m, 10H, aromatic) .

EXAMPLE 28 7c_-Methoxy-2-spiro (2' ,2'-diphenyl)cγclopropyl-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-TN-f4- (diphenylmethγl-α- fmethoxyimino) - acetate]thiazol-2-yl1carboxamide-l.l-dioxide

The compound was prepared in the same way as described before by using 2-amino-4-(diphenylmethyl-α- (methoxyimino)acetate)thiazole. ^λ E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 1.15 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.38 (d, IH, J=7.0 HZ); 2.96 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.47 (s, 3H,

OCH ₃ ) ; 4.01 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 4.96 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 5.06

(d, IH, J=2.0 HZ); 6.93 (s, IH COOCHPh ₂ ) ; 7.08-7.47 (m,

20H, aromatic); 9.64 (br, s, IH, NH) .

EXAMPLE 29 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro ( 2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-r4-tert-butylpropionate-2-γl]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

The compound was prepared by the same procedure as described before by using 4-t-butyl propionate-2- yl)piperazine; m.p. 138-140°C. E NMR (200 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) : δ 0.89 and 0.90 (2s, 3H, CH ₃ ); 1.23 (d, 3H, J=7.0 Hz) ; 1.43 (s, 9H, t-butyl) ; 2.24 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 2.55-2.73 (m, 4H, piperazine); 2.91 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.19 (q, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.40-3.42 (m, 2H, piperazine); 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 3.46-3.74 (m, 2H, piperazine); 4.95 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 5.04 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 7.17-7.50 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 30 7α-Methoxy-2-spirof2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3- cephem-4-r4-(2-methylaceticacid) Ipiperazinecarboxamide- 1,l-dioxide

A solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'- diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butyl propionate-2-yl]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (3.14 g, 0.005 mol, from the previouε example) in anhydrous formic acid (80 ml) was stirred at 35°C for 6 hours. Once the starting material was consumed, formic acid was removed by freeze drying. To the residue, a mixture of

OCH ₃ ) ,* 4.01 (S, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 4.96 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz) ; 5.06

(d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 6.93 (s, IH COOCHPh ₂ ); 7.08-7.47 (m,

20H, aromatic); 9.64 (br, s, IH, NH) .

EXAMPLE 29 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-

3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butγlpropionate-2-yllpiperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

The compound was prepared by the same procedure as described before by using 4-t-butyl propionate-2- yl)piperazine; m.p. 138-140°C. ^λ E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.89 and 0.90 (2s, 3H,

CH ₃ ) ; 1.23 (d, 3H, J=7.0 Hz); 1.43 (s, 9H, t-butyl) ;

2.24 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 2.55-2.73 (m, 4H, piperazine);

2.91 (d, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.19 (q, IH, J=7.0 Hz); 3.40- 3.42 (m, 2H, piperazine); 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 3.46-3.74

(m, 2H, piperazine); 4.95 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 5.04 (d,

IH, J=2.0 Hz); 7.17-7.50 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 30

7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-r4-f2-methyl acetic acid) ]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

A solution of 7 -methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'- diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-[4-tert-butyl propionate-2-yl]piperazine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (3.14 g, 0.005 mol, from the previouε example) in anhydrous formic acid (80 ml) was stirred at 35°C for 6 hours.

Once the starting material was conεumed, formic acid waε removed by freeze drying. To the reεidue, a mixture of hexane-ether (3:1) was added and the precipitated solid was filtered off (2.16 g, 75%).

^ ^• H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) : δ 0.89 (ε, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.17-

1.40 (m, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.22-2.27 (m, IH) ; 2.59-3.09 (m, 5H) ;

3.23 (q, IH) ; 3.43-3.81 (m, 6H) ; 4.20-4.26 (m, IH) ; 4.96

(ε, IH) ; 4.97 (ε, IH) ; 6.52 (br, ε, IH) ; 7.18-7.47 (m, 10H, aromatic) .

EXAMPLE 31 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2 ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-r2-t-butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide]- 1.l-dioxide The compound was prepared in the same way as described before, by using (DL)-t-butyl-pipecolinate. NMR (200 MHZ, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.84, 0.96 and 1.02 (3s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.40 and 1.42 (2s, 9H, t-butyl) ; 1.69-1.76 (m, 4H) ; 2.18-2.27 (m, 2H) ; 2.89-2.93 (m, IH) ; 3.10-3.35 (m, IH) ; 3.46 and 3.47 (2s, 3H) ; 3.71-3.78 (m, IH) ; 4.41-

4.57 (m- IH) ; 4.95-4.98 (m, IH) ; 5.04-5.06 (m, IH) ; 5.36 (m, IH) ; 7.20-7.47 (m, 10H, aromatic).

EXAMPLE 32 7o.-Methoxy-2-spirof2' .2'-diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-f2-carboxy piperidine carboxamide]-!,1- dioxide

A solution of 7α.-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'- diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1-3-cephem-4-[2-t- butoxycarbonyl piperidine carboxamide]-1,l-dioxide (1.91 g, 0.0032 mol) in anhydrous formic acid (80 ml) was stirred at 40°C for 2 hours. Once the starting material was consumed, formic acid was removed by freeze drying. The residue was digested with hexane-ether (4:1) and the precipitated white solid was filtered off (1.5 g, 86.7%). E NMR (200 MHZ, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.96 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.30- 1.95 (m, 5H) ; 2.27-2.30 (m, IH) ; 2.40-2.55 ( , IH) ; 2.89-3.30 (m, 2H) ; 3.46 and 3.48 (2s, 3H) ; 3.78-3.85 (m, IH) ; 4.97-5.09 (m, 2H) ; 5.43-5.50 (m, IH) ; 7.26-7.44 (m, 11H, ^' aromatic + COOH) .

EXAMPLE 33 7 -Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4~rN-(di-t-butyl qlutarate-2-yl) ]carboxamide- 1. l-dioxide To a stirred and ice cooled suspension of 7 - methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)-cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid-1,l-dioxide (929 mg, 0.002114 mol) in dry methylene chloride (50 ml) was added oxalyl

chloride (356 mg, 0.002748 mol) followed by two drops of DMF. The clear solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Methylene chloride and excess oxalyl chloride were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (80 ml) and was stirred under nitrogen; a solution of di-t-butyl glutamic acid (548 mg, 0.002114 mol) in methylene chloride (15 ml) was added followed by triethylamine (2.38 mg, 0.002325 mol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, diluted with methylene chloride (100 ml) , and washed succesεively with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, brine, dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a white foam which was purified over a silica gel column using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1) as eluant. The desired compound was obtained as a white foam (960 mg, 66.67%), m.p. 110-112°C. ^λ E NMR (200 MHZ, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 1.07 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 1.44 (s, 9H, t-butyl) ; 1.48 (s, 9H, 't-butyl) ; 1.97-2.42 (m, 5H) ; 2.92 (d, IH, J=6.95 Hz) ; 3.46 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 4.50- 4.60 (m, IH) ; 4.92 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 5.03 (d, IH, J=2.0 Hz); 6.89 (d, IH, J=7.4 Hz); 7.17-7.48 (m, 10H, aromatic) .

EXAMPLE 34 7α-Methoxy-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cvclopropyl-3-methyl- 3-cephem-4-rN-(pentane-2-yl dioic acid) ]carboxamide-l,1- dioxide

The compound waε prepared in the same manner as described before. ^' E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 1.03 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.04-

2.34 (m, 3H) ; 2.59 (br, ε, 2H) ; 2.89 (d, IH, J=6.57 Hz) ; 3.38 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 4.73-4.76 (m, IH) ; 5.04 (br, ε, IH) ; 5.06 (br, s, IH) ; 5.49 (br, 2H, COOH); 7.18-7.48 (m, 10H, aromatic); 7.57 (d, IH, J=6.57 Hz, NH) . EXAMPLE 35

7Q_-Methoxy-2-εpiro (2 ' . 2'-diphenyl)cvclopropyl-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-r3β-(4-allyloxγcarbonyl-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl) Ipyrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

The compound was prepared in the same way as described before by using 3β-[(4-allyloxy carbonyl)- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]pyrrolidine hydrochloride.

^X E NMR (200 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) : δ 0.96 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.27 (d, IH) ; 2.47-2.55 (m, 2H) ; 2.92 (d, IH) ,* 3.47 (s, 3H, OCH ₃ ) ; 3.66-4.17 (m, 5H) ; 4.82-5.46 ( , 4H, allyl); 5.93-6.07 (m, IH, allyl); 7.21-7.47 (m, 10H, aromatic); 8.09 (s, IH, triazole).

EXAMPLE 36 7o.-Methoxγ-2-spiro(2' ,2'-diphenyl)cyclopropy1-3-methy1- 3-cephem-4-r3β-(4-sodium carboxylate-1,2,3,-triazol-l- γl] yrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide

To a solution of 7α-methoxy-2-spiro(2',2'- diphenyl)cyclopropyl-3-methy1-3-cephem-4-[3β-(4- allyloxycarbonyl-1,2,3,-triazol-1-yl) ] yrrolidine carboxamide-l,l-dioxide (340 mg, 0.5282 mmol) in a mixture of methylene chloride and ethyl acetate under nitrogen was added triphenylphosphme (13.85 mg, 0.05282 mmol), tetrakispalladium (24.4 mg, 0.02113 mmol) and a 0.5(M) solution of sodium-2-ethyl hexanoate (0.898 ml, 0.449 mmol) respectively. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr 20 min. Dry ether (90 ml) was added to the clear yellow solution to give a cloudy solution, which was filtered through a thin bed of Celite to collect a yellow solid on top. The solid was washed with a mixture of ether and ethyl acetate (5:1), dry ether (100 ml) and dried. Then water (100 ml) was added to dissolve the solid, which was filtered and the filtrate was freeze dried to give 200 mg (60.5%) of a yellow fluffy εolid. The product was then purified over a HP-20 column using water and acetone-water mixture (1:4) as eluant.

^ ^■ H NMR (200 MHz, D ₂ 0) : δ 0.93 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ) ; 2.25- 2.89 (m, 4H) ; 3.46 (s, 3H, 0CH ₃ ) ; 3.77-4.32 (m, 5H) ; 5.36 (s, IH) ; 5.54 (s, IH) ; 6.98-7.63 (m, 10H, aromatic); 8.24 (s, IH, triazole).

The compounds of the present invention in which R ₅ possesses an alpha-orientation at the 7-position of the

cephem ring are preferred over their counterpart compounds wherein R ₅ has a beta-orientation due to higher activity against human leukocyte elastase. Similarly, spirocyclopropyl derivatives which have a 2',2'-structure (i.e. R ₃ and R are located on the 2'- carbon atom of the spirocyclopropyl structure) are preferred over corresponding derivatives which have a 3' ,3'-spirocyclopropyl structure.