NOVEL GERANYLGERANYL-DERIVATIVES, PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF AND RELATED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS The present invention relates to novel geranylgeraπyl-derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts having inhibiting activity with respect to protein geranylgeranylation in eukaryotic cells.

It is known in biology that proteins bearing the aminoacidic sequence CysAAX (that is to say a cysteine molecule which is linked to two aliphatic aminoacids AA, linked to each other and, on their turn, linked to any aminoacid X) on their carboxy end group are subjected to a number of post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells.

Said modifications consist in the formation of a covalent bond between the cysteinic residue of the protein and an isoprenoid lipid, followed by the proteolysis of the three terminal aminoacids ΛAX and by the α-carboxy-mcthyl esterification of the isoprenyl-cysteine (Ciannakouros T., Magee A.L, Lipid modifications of proteins (Schlesinger Ml, ed.), CRC Tress, Boca Raton, 1993; 1 36- 162). The isoprenoid lipid can be farnesyl ( 1 5 carbon atoms) or gcranylgeranyl (20 carbon atoms) and the isopre ylation is necessary for the acquisition of the biological properties of the protein itself (Grunler J., Ericsson J., Dallner G., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1 94; 1 1 2, 259-277). A typical example of a farnesylated protein is the p2 1 r_7 , while Ihe low-molecular weight proteins of the ms superfamily, among which p2 1 1' o, p2 1 rap] , p2 1 rac anά cdcAλ' , are geranylgeranylated. The proteins isoprenylation en/.ymology has been the object of an intense research and the following enzymes which catalyze the most important steps of the biochemical way leading to the formation of isoprenoid compounds have been characterized (Grunler J., Ericsson }., Dallner G., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1994; 1212, 259-277):

• 3-hydroxy-3-mcthylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase;

• farnesyl diphosphate synthetase;

• protein:farnesyl transferase; • geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthetase;

• protein:geranylgeranyl transferase type I;

• protein:geranylgcranyl t ransferase type II.

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of mevalonic acid from which originate, as a result of the activity of farnesyl diphosphate synthetase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthetase, both farnesyl diphosphate (farnesyl-FF) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (geranylgeranyl-FF) which are the two isoprenoids used for protein isoprenylation. On the contrary the proteinftarnesyl transferase and the protein:geranylgeranyl transferases (type 1 and ID catalyze the transfer of the group farnesyl and geranylgeranyl, respectively, to proteins.

It has been recently demonstrated the fundamental part played by geranylgeranylated proteins, among which specifically p2 ] rho, p2 1 rap] , rac and cdc42, in eukaryotic cells cell proliferation, where they control essential functions as the actin organization of cytoskeleton and of intercellular adhesion plaques (Olson M.F., Λshworlh A., Hall Λ., Science 1995; 269; 1 270- 1 272). The above discovery is of great importance as regards the possible implications in Ihe therapy of pathologies characterized by an excessive cell proliferation.

The object of the present invention are the novel compounds having general formula:

wherein:

CH CH ₂ -CH ₂ , CHOH

X = ONH, ONHCO, OCH2CO, OCH ₂ F(0)OH, CH ₂ F(0)OH, NHCO, NCH _? CO,

A = R ^, CR", CHR ^w CHϊ, NH when X=OSG ₂ , NHSO _: ;

B = OCO, , ONHCO, NHCO, NCI l?CO;

R" =H, CHj, CHzCH?; R"' =H, COOH;

and pliarmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, with acids and bases, organic and inorganic, having inhibiting act ivity with respecl to protein geranylgeranylation in eukaryotic cells. Freferred compounds within the scope of Ihe invention are the following:

1 )

2)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)

14)

15)

16)

17)

18)

19)

It has been in fact surprising]) found that the compounds accoiding to the present invention Cdn prevent the posl-lianslational gei nylgeranylation and, as a consequence, the biological function of cellular proteins which pcrfoim essential functions m cellulai it plication mechanism Said compounds can Iherefoie be useful in the tieatment of pathologies chaiacleπzed by an excessive cell proliferation, among which are benign and malignant tumors, vascular and renal diseases on a degenerative-prohfeiative basis, as foi example atherosclerosis and glomerulonephπtis

The ability of the compounds accoiding to the piescnt invention of inhibiting the protein has been evaluated by means of an m vitio test on a malignant tumoral human cell line which has been treated with the following geranylgeranyl-deπvatives

• dipolassium salt of (E,E,E)-{ 2-oxo-2- [ [ ( ,7,11 ,15-letramelhyl-2,6, 10,14- hexadecatetiaenyl) oxy] amino] ethyl } phosphonic acid (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BAL9504) whose piepaiatio is disclosed in example 1,

• monosodium salt of the monoethyl-ester of (E,E,E)-{2-oxo-2-[ [(3,/ ,ϊ\,\5- tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenyl)oxy] amino] ethyl} phosphonic acid (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BAL9505) whose preparation is disclosed in example 2, • dipotassium salt of (Λ;A ^' ,ΛV{3-oxo-3- [ [ (3,7,11,1 -tetramethyl-2,6,10, 14- hexadecatetraenyDoxy] ammo] propyl} phosphonic acid (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BAL9603) whose preparation is disclosed in example 5,

• dipotassium salt of (E,E,E)- [2-oxo-2- r (3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6, 10,14- hexadecatetraenyDammo] ethyl] phosphonic acid (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BΛL9605) whose preparation is disclosed in example 7,

• dipotassium sail ot (A;A,/.)-|'<-OXO-3- ' (3,7,11 ,15-tetrametlι\l-2,6,10,l 4- hexadecak lraen\l)amιno] prop} l|phosphonι_ .itid (K ported on Table 1 with the abbieviation BA1.9G08) whose prepaialion is disclosed in example 10,

• tripotassium salt of (AA;A)-| 1(4,8, 12,16-tetramethyl-3,7,l 1,15- hepfadecatetraenyl)hydiOxyphosphoryl|meth\l|phosphonιc acid (reported on

Table 1 with the abbreviation BΛL9609) whose preparation is disclosed in example 12,

• tripotassium sail oi (E,E,E)- 1 -methyl- 1 -|(4,8,12, 16-tetramethyl-3,7,l 1,15- hepladecatclraenyDhydroxyphosphoryllethylphosphonic acid (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BΛL.K.10) whose preparation is disclosed in example 13,

• tripotassium salt of (E,E,E)- 1 -ethyl- 1 -|(4,8,12,16-tetramethyl-3,7,l 1,15- heptadecatetraenyDhydroxyphosphoiyllpropylphosphonic acid (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BΛL96I1) whose preparation is disclosed in example 14,

• dipotassium salt of ( A ^' ,A ^' ,A) -(4,8,12, 16-tctramcthyl-3,7,l 1 ,15- heptadecalelraenyDphosphonic acid (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BAL9 13) whose preparation is disclosed in example 16,

• (£,£,A)-O-(3,7,ll,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,]4-hexadecalctraen yl)-N- (ammosulfonyl) urethane (reported on Table 1 with the abbreviation BAL9503) whose preparation is disclosed in example 18,

• (f; ,£ -. (aminosulfonyl)aminoxy]-3,7, l 1 , 1 5-tet ramethyl-2,6, 10, 14- hexadecatetraene (reported on Table 1 with Hie abbreviation BΛL9614) whose preparation is disclosed in example 1 . The cells have been treated with increasing amounts of the geranylgeranyl derivatives BAL9504, BAL9505, BAL9603, BAL9605, BAL9608, BAL9609, BAL9610, BAL961 1 , BAL96 I 3, BAL9503, BAL96 I 4, ( 1 - 75 μM) and, after 24 hours, they have been collected and solubilized in a lysis solution containing non¬ ionic detergents. The soluble fraction has been collected by centrifugation and proteins separated by means of acrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequently transferred onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (FVPH membrane.

The presence of the geranylgeranylated protein p2 ] rap] has been then evidenced by means of a specific polyclonal antibody followed by chemiluminescent detection by means of a secondary antibody linked to alkaline phosphatase as previously described (M.A. Mansfield, FASEB J., S, A 1 428, 1 94 ). The presence of the protein under examination has been demonstrated by Ihe appearance of a band in Ihe radiographic film. The inhibition of p2 ] rap] geranylgeranylation achieved by means of the treatment with the compounds of the present invention has been demonstrated by the progressive increase of a band having a slower electrophoretic mobility than the on of Ihe isoprenylated mature protein, indicating the presence of an immature non -geranylgeranylated protein (following the method described by R. Danesi et. al, Mol. f'harmacol., 47, 1 106, 1 95). At the higher concentration (75μM) the amount of the non-isoprenylated protein was equal to that of the isoprenylated one, in particular as regards to compounds BAL9503, BΛL9504 and BΛL9505. The relevance of such an effect on cell proliferation has been then evaluated by studying the citotoxicity of the above-ment ioned compounds on the of human pancreas cancer MIA TaCa-2 cell line following the method described by R. Danesi et. al, Mol Pharmacol, 47, 1 1 06, 1 995. The results of this research are shown in Table 1 where the IC-.o values (the concentration that produces 50% reduction in cell growth) are reported; these results demonstrate thai increasing the concentrat ion of the geranylgeranyl derivatives causes a progressive decrease in the cellular su rvival, corresponding to a citotoxicity increase of the same on Ihe MIA F.ιCa-2 cell line.

Table 1

In confirmation on what above-reported, it is possible to observe that the geranylgeranyl derivatives (in particular BAL9504, BΛL9605, BAL9609, BAL961 1 and BΛL9503) also induce death for apoptosis in Ihe MIA TaCa-2 cell line treated at 1 -75 μM with respect to Ihe non-treated cells used for comparison. Apoptosis consists in enzymatic digest ion of nuclear DNA by endogenous nucleases within the cell and ii occurs when cell replication is impaired by agents that block cell cycle progression towards mitosis. The data of this experiment show that treatment with the geranylgeranyl derivatives induced up to ten-fold increase in the amount of fragmented, apoptotic DNA, as evaluated by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique with photometric lecture of the enzymatically-digested DNA recovered from MIA FaCa-2 cells (following the method described by R. Danesi et. ../., Mol. Pharmacol, 47, 1 106, 1995). The citotoxicity of the geranylgeranyl-derivatives BΛL9504 and BΛL9503 has also been evaluated on the normal diploid fibroblast cells M C-5 from human lung following the method described by R. Danesi ct. al, Mol. Pharmacol, 47, 1 106, 1995. Table 2 reports the concentration of the compounds under study that produces 50% growth inhibition (IC.-,o) in MRC-5 and MIA FaCa-2 cell lines

together with the sensibility index, that is the ratio betwen the Ido in MRC-5 and MIA FaCa-2 cells

From the data l eported in the Table it is possible to underline a good action selectivity of the products, as the lumoral cells are moi e sensitive than the normal ones to the citofoxic effect of the geranylgeranyl-deπvatives Such a behavior cannot be simply explained on Ihe basis of the different cellular replication rate between MRC-5 and MIA PaCa-2 cells as the MRC-5 fibroblasts are cells in active mitosis

fable 2

The compounds of Ihe pi escnt invention can be prepai ed by methods which result in a C-alk) lat ιon oi -alkylal ion or 0-ac\ lal ion of Ihe In di oxymcl h} 1 group of all trans gei am lgei πiol accoi ding to the steps hei e-bclow l eported - by means of convei sion of ti ans geranylgeraniol into the corresponding oxyammc or amine derivatives and subsequent condensation with the appropriate reactants to give the corresponding phosphonic estei mlei mediates which are then hydrohzed to \ ιeld final product having general formula

wherein

_' ÷Xft

Q = CH

X = ONH, ONHCO, OCH.CO, NHCO, NCH.-.CO, NHSO.; A =R'CR", CHR"'CH ₂ , NH when NHS0 ₂ ; R ¹ = H,CH ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ ;

R"' =H, COOH; (see for example preparation of compounds 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11);

- by means of condensation of trans geranylgeranylbromide with the appropriate reactants to give the corresponding phosphonic ester intermediates winch are then hydrolized to yield the final product having general formula

wherein:

-X,

Q = CH ₂ ' ^" A CH ₂ -CH ₂ ,

X = CH ₂ F(0)OH; A =R ^, CR", CHR ^{^} Clh; R =11, CH,, Cil.CIl.; R ¹ =H,CH., Cll.Cfh;

R" = H,CH.<, CH_CH ₍ ; R"' =H, COOH; (see for example preparation of compounds 12, 13, 14, 16);

- by means of condensation of trans geranylgeraniol with the appropriate reactants to give the corresponding phosphonic ester intermediates which are partially hydrolized, further condensed with the appropriate reactants and then fully hydrolized to yield final product having general formula .

wherein:

-X.

Q = CH ₂ ' "A •

X = OCH ₂ F(0)OR, A = R ^, CR", CHR" I ft, R = H, CH.., CH ₂ CH < R' = H, CH. CH ₂ CH < R'" =H, COOH; (see for example preparation of compound 1 5);

- by means of condensation of trans geranylgeranial or trans geranylgeraniol with the appropriate reactant s to give Ihe corresponding phosphonic ester intermediates which are then hydrolized lo yield the final products having general formula:

wherein:

-X,

Q = CH ₂ ' ~A , CH^OH,

X = OS0 ₂ ; A =NH; (see for example preparation of compound I 7),

- by means of condensation of trans geranylgeraniol or its oxvamine derivative with the appropriate reactants to yield the final products having general formula:

II wherein: B = OCO, O, ONI ICO, Nl ICO, NCI I <CO (see for example preparation of compounds 1 8 and 1 ).

A second object of the present invention is therefore represented by the processes for the preparation of compounds having general formula I and II. A third object of the present invention is al.so represented bv the novel intermediates having general formula:

wherein:

-X.

Q = CH ₂ ^{^} A CH-.-CH-. , CHOH

X = ONH, ONHCO, OCl l.CO, O H_r(0)OR, Cl l ₂ r(0)OR, NHCO, N H.H O; A = R'CR", CHR ^W C1-I ₂ , Nl I when X=OS0 ₂ , Nl ISO.; B = OCO, , ONHCO, NHCO, NCH3CO; R = CH;., CH ₂ CH ₃ ;

R ¹ = H, CH ₃ , CH ₂ CH _? ; R" =H, CH ₃ , CH ₂ CH.< R"' =1-1 , COOEt, COOMe;

or having general formula:

wherein

K = NH ₂ , ONH ₂

used for the preparation of the compounds according to the present invention. A further objecl is then represented by the pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel compounds of the present invention The following examples illustrate the invention without anyhow limiting it. EXAMPLE 1

Synthesis of the dipotassium salt of (E,E,E)-{2-oxo-2- [ [ (3,7,11,15- tetramcthyl-2,6,10,14-hcxadccatctracnyl)oxy ] amino] ethyl} phosphonic acid.

Compound 1 was prepared as .shown m SCHEME 1

SCHEME 1

a)Synthesis of (E,E,E)-A ^r - (3,7,11 ,15-tetrameth\l-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenyloxy)- phtha mide (20) A solution of N-hydroxyphthahmide (1 12 g, 688 mmol), triphenylphosphine (181 g, 688 mmol) and dιethyla/odιcarbθλ}lale (1 1 ¹ > ml., 757 mmol) in anhydious Till (GO ml.) was treated with geranylgeraniol (20 g, 688 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 18 h at it After addition of triphenylphosphine (0905 g, 344 mmol) and diethylazodicarboxylate (0595 m , 378 mmol), the mixture was stirred at it for another 24 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey- Nagel Silica Gel 60 Ait Nr 81538) eluting with CH.Cl.-hexane (64) and collecting 10 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to give the intermediate 20 (263 g, 88%) as a white solid mp 40-41 C, 'H-NMR (CPCh, 80 Mh/) δ 158 (s, 911, 3χCll.), 167 (s, 311, Clh), 171 (s, 3H, CHO, 203 (m, 1211, (>vCII_), 471 (d, 211, 507 (br, 3H, 3 ^χ CH), 552 (t, IH,/=72 11/, CH), 773 (m, 411, Λi), Anal Calcd toi C.sI NOi (MW 4353) C, 7726, 11, 8 0, N, 322 Found C, 7738, 11, 838, N, 304

b)Synthesis of ⁽ E.E,E]-3, ^~ ,] 1 ,15-letramethy -2,6,10,14- hexadecatetraenyloxyamine (21 ).

Hydrazine monohydrate (0.44 mL, 9.06 mmol) was added to a solution of 20 (2.63 g, 6.04 mmol) in EtOH (130 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h. After filtration of a white solid formed, the solution was evaporated and the resulting oily crude residue was purified by column ch omatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Polygosil* 60-40(53 Os Art. Nr. 71150) eluting with CH.<CN-H ₂ 0 (7:1) and collecting 10 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give the intermediate 21 (1.07 g, 57%) as an oil: 'H-NMR (CDC1. O Mhz) δ 1.60 (s, 911, 3χCH _: .), 1.69 (s, 6H, 2xCHft, 2.04 (m, 12H, 6vCI! ₂ ), 4.17 (d, 211, /=7.2 Hz, CH_), 5.0S (br, 3H, 3χ CH), 5.29(1, 111,./= 7.2 Hz, CH); MS m/e 306 (M+H) ⁺ .

c)Synthesis of diethyl (A ^' ,A ^' ,A)-{2-oxo-2- [ [ (3,7, II , I 5-letramethyl-2,6, 10,14- hexadecatetraenyDoxy ] amino|ethyl} phosphonate (22).

A solution of compound 21 (0.200 g, 0.65 mmol), dielhylphosphonoacetic acid (0.139 g, 0.71 mmol), prepared as disclosed by M.F. Cooke, K.B. Bicunas, Synthesis, 283, 1981 and I -hydroxybenzotriazole (0.1 1 g, 0.98 mmol) in anhydrous Till ^" (10 ml) was treated with 1 ethvlcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.150 g, 0.78 mmol). The mixlure was stirred at rt for 8 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey- Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art. Nr. 81538) eluting with ΛcOEt-hexane (1:1) and collecting 3 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give intermediate 22 (0.208 g, GG%) as an oil: ' H-NMR (CDCI3, 80 Mhz) δ 1.33 (t, 6H, 7=7.2 Hz, 2χCH,CH ₂ ), 1.60 (s, 9H, 3χCH.ft, 1.67 (s, 3H, CH;,), 1.71 (s, 311, Cll. , 2.04 (m, 1211, 6xCH_), 2.81 (d, 2H,./=20 Hz, CH ₂ F), 4.13 (q, 411,. = 7.2 Hz, 2 ^χ CII,CH ₂ ), 4.41 (d, 2H, =7.2 Hz, CH_), 5.07 (br, 3H,3xCH),5.38 (t, CH); MS (FΛB ⁺ ) m/e 484 (M+H) ⁺ .

Synthesis of 1. Bromotrimelhy silane (0.400 mL, 3 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 22 (0.290 g, 0.G mmol) and 2,4,6-collidine (0.158 mL, 1.2 mmol) in anhydrous CILCI2 (6 ml.); Ihe resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 18

h After evaporation of the solution, the lesidue was treated with dn aqueous solution of KOH 09 N (50 ml.) and then stiπed at rt for 3 h The solution was evaporated and the resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (λlacheiey-Nagel Tolygosil* 60-4063 C _. g Art Nr 71150) eluting with MeOH-IljO (253) and collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions weie combined, evapoiated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 1 (0125 g, 41%) as a very hygroscopic white lyoplulate 'H-NMR (D ₂ 0, 80 Mh/) δ 156 (s, 911, 3 ^χ Cll.), 162 (s, 311, CHO, 172 (s, 311, C1H), 202 (m, 1211, GxCII , 248 (d, 211, =20 II/, C1I.F), 440 (d, 211, J=72 llz, CHJ, 507 (br, 3H, 3xCll),540 (t, HI, /=72 II/, CM), MS (1ΛB ⁺ ) m/e 504 (M+I1) ⁺

EXAMPLE 2

Synthesis of the monosodium salt of ethyl (A',A',A -{ 2-oxo-2- [ [ (3,7,11 ,15- tctramcthyl-2,6,10,14-hcxadccalctraenyl)oxy ] amιno| ethyl} phosphonate

An aqueous solution of NaOH IN (16 mL) was added to a stn ed solution of intermediate 22 (0 I 93 g, 04 mmol) m dioxane (4 mL), Ihe resulting mixture was stirred at 40 C foi 4 h, heated with anothei 2 mL of NaOH IN and then stirred at 40 C foi 12 h The solvent was lemoved undei icduccd piessuie and the crude residue was purified by column chromatogiaphy on leverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Polygosil' 60-4063 C _1S Art Nr 711 0) eluting with MeOH- H ₂ 0 (32) and collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump-dried to give 3 (0137 g, 72%) as a very hygroscopic white lyophilale Ml-NMR (CD«0[\ SO Mh/) δ 124 (t, 311, I-l 2 llz, CH.C11J, 159 (s, 911, ^Cll ), 166 (s, 311, Gift), I 1,9 (s, ' l, CHO, 203 ( , 1211, 6χCH_), 21 (d, 211, 1-2011/, Cll.D, 393 (q, 211, /=7211/, ClftCHJ, 434 (d, 2H, =72 Hz, CH_), 508 (bi , 311, 3χCll), 542 (I, 111, /=72 llz, CH), MS (1AB ⁺ ) m/e 478 (M+H) ⁺ , 500 (M+Na) ⁺

EXAMPLE 3

Synthesis of the dipotassium salt of {E,E,E)-λ- [ [(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-

2,6, 0,14-hcxadecatctraenyDoxy] aminocarbonyl|ethylphosphonic acid.

3 Compound 3 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 2

SCHEME 2

(I

a)Synthesιs of intermediate 24 (2-(dιethylphosphono)propιonιc acid)

A solution containing KOI I (235g, 42 mmol) absolute EtOH (7 mL) and H ₂ 0 (3 mL) was added dropwise to tπeihyl 2-phosphonopropιonate (9 mL, 42 mmol) and the resulting mixtuie was stirred at rt for 24 h The solvents were removed under reduced pressuie and Ihe oily crude residue was cooled at 0 C and triturated with Et ₂ θ (3x130 mL) which was discarded ^' Ihe resulting icsidue was dissolved in H ₂ 0 (30 mL) and acidified to pi I 1 ith 11C1 G M ^' Ihe solution was then saturated with solid NaCl and extracted with ClftCft (3x25 mL) The organic phase was dried and evaporated to give tei mediate 24 (7 lg, 80%) as an oil 'H-NMR (CDC , 80

Mhz) δ 134 (I, 2λ TπClL), 142 ⁽ dd, 311,7=72, 173 Hz, CHO,

304 (dq, IH, ./=72, 24 Hz, C]\), 411 (q, 211,7=72 Hz, CIHCH.), 413 (q, 2H, 7=7.2 Hz, CH«CH ₂ ), MS m/e 211 (M+ll) ⁺

b)Synthesιs of diethyl (E,E,E>- 1 -[[ (3,7,11 ,13-tetramethyl-2,6,l 0,14- hexadecatetraenyDoxy ] amιnocarbon\l]ethylphosphonalc (25) A solution of intermediate 21 (0400g, I 31 mmol), intermediate 24 (0302g, 144 mmol) and 1 -hydioxybenzotπa/ole (0265g, 196 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 ml) was treated with 1 -(3-dιmethy laminopiopy l)-3-ethylcarbodnmιde hydrochloride (0301g, 157 mmol) The mixtuie was shried at rl for 18 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressuie The lesidue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art Ni 81538) cluling with AcOEt-hexane (1 1) and collecting 3 mL fractions The appiopπatc fractions weie combined, evapoiated, and pump-dried to give intermediate 25 (0 ^r 44g, 83%) as .in oil 'H-NMR (CDCft, 80 Mhz) δ 138 (m, 911, 2xCH.CH_ + Gift), I 59 (s, 911, 3χCII <), 167 (s, 311, Gift), 170 (s, 3H, CHft, 202 (m, 1211, f.xCIIJ, 256 (m, 111, Cll), 404 (q, 211, /=7211/, ClhCH.),

406 (q, 2Il, CHJ, 509 (br, 3H, 3x CH), 541 (t, CH), MS 0AB ⁺ ) m/c 498 (M+IIft

Synthesis of 3 Bromohimclliylsilane (0527 mL, 4 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 25 (0400g, 08 mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιne (0211 ml., 16 mmol) in anhydrous Cll.Cft ( 10 ml.), the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h After evaporation of Ihe solution, the lesidue was treated with an aqueous solution of KOH 1 N (61 mL) and then stiπed al rt for 3 h The solution was evaporated and the resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reveise phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Tolygosil * 60-4063 Cis Art Nr 71150) eluting with MeOH-IftO (151) and collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions weie combined, evapoiated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 3 (0.22 lg, 53%) as a very hygioscopic white lyophilate 'H-NMR (CD-.OD, 80Mh/)δ 13 ^Γ (dd, 311,7=72, 13211/, Gift), 1 GO (s, 'Ml, 3 ^χ CII0, 167 (s, 311, CHO, 1 ^" 2 (s, 311, CHO, 204 (m, 1211, l.x ll , 2 ^r ft (dq, 111,7=72,20 Hz,

CH), 440 (d, 2H,7=72 Hz, CHJ, 5.10 (br, 311, 3xCH), 541 (t, IH, 7=7.2 Hz, CH);MS(FAB ⁺ ) m/e 518 (M+ll) ⁺

EXAMPLE 4

Synthesis of the dipotassium salt of (E,E,E)-]- [ [ (3,7,11 ,15-letramcthyl-

2,6,10,14-hexadccatctraenyl)oxy] aminocarbonyllpropylphosphonic acid.

Compound 4 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 3

SCHEME 3

a)Synthesιs of intermediate 27 (2-(dιelhy phosphono)butyπc acid) A solution containing KOll (235g, 42 mmol) absolute EtOH (7 mL) and 1I ₂ 0 (3 mL) was added dropwise to tnelhyl 2-phosphonobulyrate (99 mL, 42 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the solid crude residue was tπluraled with Et ₂ 0 (3x130 mL) which was discarded The lesultmg residue was dissolved in 1I.O (30 mL) and acidified to pll I with HCI 6 M The solution was then saturated with solid NaCl and extracted with ClftCl. (3x25 mL) The oi anic phase was dried and evaporated to give intermediate 27 (85g, 0%) as ΛI oil 'H-NMR (CDCl-., 80

Mhz) δ 101 (1, 311,7=7211/., CH.CI1.), 132 (t, (ill, 2xCH.ClI_), 1.89

(m, 2H, CH _? CH ₂ ), 2.87 (dt, IH, 7=7.2, 22 Hz, CH), 4.14 (m, 4H, 2xCH,CH ₂ ); MS m/e 225 (M+H)ft

b)Synthesis of diethyl ( AA 1 -[[ (3,7,11 ,15-tctramelhyl-2,6,10,14- hexadecatetraenyDoxy] aminocarbonyllpropylphosphonale (28)

A solution of intermediate 21 (0.400g, 1.31 mmol), intermediate 27 (0.322g, 1.44 mmol) and I -hydroxybenzotriazole (0.265g, 1.96 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 ml) was treated with 1 -(3-dimethylanιinopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.30 lg, 1.57 mmol). The mixture was stirred al rt for 18 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pres.sure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art. Nr. 81538) eluting with ΛcOEt-hexane (1:1) and collecting 3 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give intermediate 28 (0.51 lg, 76%) as an oil- '11-NMR (CDCI ₃ , 80 Mhz) δ 0.99 (t, 3H, ./=7.2 Hz, CH.«Cll_), 1.28 (I, 311,7=7.2 II/, CH,CH ₂ ), 1.30 (t, 311,7=7.2 Hz, CH _? CH ₂ ), 1.59 (s, 9H,3xCll,), 1.68 ⁽ s, 311, CHO, 1.70 (s, 311, Cl 10, 2.01 (m, 14H, 6xCH ₂ + CH<CH_), 2.55 (dt, 111,7=7.2, 22 llz, Gil), 4.1 ( , 411, 2xCH.<CH ₂ ), 4.41 (d, 2H,7=7.2 llz, Gift), 5.10 (br, 311, 3xCll), 5.41 (t, 111, .7=7.2 Hz, CH); MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 512 (M+H) ⁺ .

Synthesis of 4. Promolrimethylsilane (0.528 mL, 4 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 28 (0.410 g, 0.S mmol) and 2,4,6-collidine (0.211 mL, 1.6 mmol) in anhydrous CI1_C1 ₂ ( 1 mL); the resulting mixlure was stirred at rl for 18 h. After evaporation of the solution, the residue was treated with an aqueous solution of KOH 1 N (6.1 ml.) and then stirred at rt for 3 h. The solution was evaporated and the resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Folygosil* 60-4063 Gig Art. Nr.71150) eluting with Me0H-H ₂ O (1.5:1) and collecting 2 L fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 4 (0.235g, 55%) as a very hygroscopic white lyophilate: 'H-NMR (CDjOD, 80 Mhz) δ 0Λ ^{) )} (t, 311,7=7.2 llz, Cπ..Cll ₂ ), 1.59 (s, 911, 3χCH. , 1-66 (s, 3H, CH.0, 1.72 (s, 3H, CII.0, 2.03 (m, 1411, 6 ^χ Cll ₂ + Cll.CH.), 2.48 (m, IH, CH),

72

4.40 (d, 2H, .7=7.2 Hz, CH_), 5.09 (br, 3H, 3xCH), 5.40 (t, IH,./=7.2 Hz, CH); MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 532 (M+H) ⁺ .

EXAMPLE 5

Synthesis of the dipotassium salt of (A;A;A)-{ 3-oxo-3- [ [ (3,7,11,15- tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hcxadecatclraenyl)oxy] amino] propyl } ^" phosphonic acid.

Compound 5 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 4

SCHEME 4

(M

a)Synthesis of dimethyl (AA ^' ,A)-{3-OXO-3- [ [ (3,7,11,1 -tctramcthyl- 2,6,10,14-hcxadccatctracnyl)oxy] amino] propyl} phosphonate (30) A solution of intermediate 21 (0.400g, 1.31 mmol), intermediate 29 (3- (dimethylphosphono)propionic acid), (0.2(>2g, 1.44 mmol), p ep ed as disclosed

by DV Tatel, RJ Schmidt, S A Filler, E M Gordon, S.S Robinson, V Manne, J Med Chem, 38, 2906-2921, 1993, and 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole (0265g, 196 mmol) in anhydious THF (20 ml) was treated with 1 -(3-dιmelhylamιnopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodnmide hydioehloi ide (0301g, 157 mmol) The mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey- Nagel Silica Gel 60 Ait Nr 81538) eluting with CIIC13-MeOH (982) and collecting 3 ml. fractions The appropriate fractions weie combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give intermediate 30 (0250g, 40%) as an oil 1 H-NMR (CDC13, SO Mh/) δ I 3' ⁾ (s, 911, 3χ II3), 167 (s, 311, CM3), 170 (s, 311, CH3), 210 ( , 1411, 7xCH2),243 (m, 211, C1I2), 372 (d, 6II,J=104 Hz, 2xCH3), 437 (d, 2H, 1 = 72 \]λ, C112), 308 (bi, 311, 3 ^χ Cll), 533 (I, 111, J = 72 H , Oil), MS (FAB+) m/e 470 (M+1D +

Synthesis of 5 Biomo i cthy silanc (0320 mL, 243 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 30 (0230 g, 049 mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιne (013 mL, 098 mmol) in anhydrous LTI_Cl_ (6 ml.), Ihe lesultmg mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h After evaporation of Ihe solution, Ihe residue was treated with aqueous solution of KOI I 10 N (37 mL) and then slnred at it for 3 h The solution was evapoiated and the resulting crude lesidue was purified by column chromatogiaphy on icveise phase silica gel (Macheiey-Nagel Polygosil * 60-4063 C _lh Ail Nr 71150) eluting with MeOH-ILO (253) and collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, cvaμ>oιatcd, lyophih/.ed, and pump- dried to give 5 (0158g, 62%) as a very hygroscopic white lyophilate 'H-NMR (CDsOD, SO Mhz) δ 159 (s, 911, 3xCI1 , 1 GG (s, 311, CHO, 170 (s, 3H, CH_), 175 (m, 2H, CH ₂ ), 210 (m, 1211, .xCH , 242 (m, 211, Gift), 434 (d, 2H,7=72 Hz, Clft), 307 (br, 311, 3χCll), 539 (t, 111,7=72 Hz, CH), MS (FAB ^* ) m/e 518 (M+H) ^*

EXAMPLE 6

Synthesis of the trisodium salt of (A",A',A ^' )-3~oxo-2-(phosphonomethyl)-3- [ [ (3,7,11 ,15-!ctramcthyl-2,6, 10,14-hexadccaletraenyl)oxy ] amino] propanoic acid.

Compound 6 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 5

SCHEME 5

a)Synthcsis of ethyl (A;AA-3-oxo-2-(dιethylphosphonomethyl)-3- [ [(3,7,11,15- tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hcxadccatclraenyl)oxy] amino] propanoate (32) A solution of intermediate 21 (0400g, 131 mmol), intermediate 31 [(diethoxyphosplunyl)melhy llpiopanedioic acid monoethyl ester (0406g, 144 mmol), prepared ΛS disclosed by D V Falel, R I Schmidt, S A Biller, EM Gordon, S.S Robinson, V Manne, J Mod Chem, 3S, 2906-2921, 1993, and 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (0265g, 19(> mmol) in anhydious THF (20 ml) was treated with l-(3-dιmethyamιnoprop\l)-3-ethylcarbodιιmιde hydrochloride (0301g, 157 mmol) The mixture was stirred at it foi 24 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced piessuie The lesidue was punfied by column chromatography on 230-400 nush silica gel (λi.chcrcy -Nagel Silica Gel 60 Λrl

Nr.81538) eluting with AcOEl-hexane (1 1) and collecting 3 mL fractions The appropriate fi actions were combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give intermediate 32 (0705g, 94%) as .i oil MI -NMR (CDCft, 80 Mh/) δ 127 (t, 3H, 7=72 11/, CLhCll.), 128 (I, 311, 7=72 Hz, CH,C11J, 130 (t, 311, 7=72 Hz, CH ₃ CH ₂ ), 159 (s, 9H,3 ^χ C110, 167 (s, 311, CHO, 171 (s, 311, CHO, 205 (m, 12H, 6xCH ₂ ), 254 (m, 2H, C1I ₂ ), 370 (m, Hi, CH), 416 (m, GH, 3xCII<CH ₂ ), 442 (d, 2H,7=72 Hz, CH ₂ ), 508 (br, 311, 3χCII), 5.39 (t, 111,.7=7.2 Hz, CII), MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 570 (M+H) ⁺

Synthesis of 6 Biomoti imethylsilane (0460 ml., 33 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of eompound 30 (0400g, 070 mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιne (0185 ml,, 14 mmol) m anhydrous CII.Cl. ( 13 mL), Ihe lesultmg mixtuie was stured al rt for 18 h After evaporation of the solution, the lesidue was healed with an aqueous soluhon of NaOH 10 N (6 ml,) and then stured at rt for 20 h The solution was evaporated and the resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on leveise phase silica gel (Macheiey-Nagel Polygosil* 60-4063 Cis Art Nr 71150) eluting with MeOli-II.O (1 I) and collecting 2 ml, fractions The appropnate tiaetioiis . ι . eombi cd, evapoiated, lyophih/ed, d d pump- dried to give 6 (0 I 73g, 45%) as a veι\ hygioseopic while lyophilale 'H-NMR (D ₂ O, SO Mhz) δ 153 (s, 911, 5 ^χ ClI0, I 62 (s, 311, CHO, 171 (s, 311, CH ), 202 (m, 1211, 6 ^χ ClI ₂ ), 263 (m, 211, Gift), 348 (m, HI, CII), 443 (d, 211, ./=72 Hz, CH ₂ ), 307 (br, 311, 3 ^χ CII), 540 (I, III, .7=72 Hz, CII), MS (FΛBft m/e 552 (M+H) ⁺

EXAMPLE 7

Synthesis of the dipotassium salt of (E,E,E)- [2-oxo-2- [(3,7,11 ,15-tctramcthyl-

2,6,10, 4-hcxadecatctraenyl)amιno] ethyl] phosphonic acid

7

Compound 7 was piepared as shown in SCI ILME G

SCHE E 6

a)Synthesιs of ( , ,A)-Λ'-(3,7,11 ,15-lelramelhyl-2,6,l 0,14-hexadecaletraenyl)- phthalimide (34)

A solution of intermediate 33 (lg, 283 mmol, prepared as disclosed by T Fukuda, S. Kobayashi, II Yukimasa, S Terao, M Fujino, T Shiba, I Saiki, I Λzuma, Y Yamamura, Bull Chart. Soc Jpn., 54, 3530-3535, 1981, in anhydrous DMF (15 mL) al room lemperatuie under argon was treated with potassium phthalimide (0575 _§ ,, 310 mmol), dnd Ihe lesulting mixtuie was sliried for 18 h at rt The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art Nr 81538) eluting with hexane-CIliCl. (52) and collecting 10 ml, fractions The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated lo give Ihe intermediate 34 (1 lg, 92%) as a while solid mp 32 C, 'll-NMR (CD l ., 80 Mhz) δ 157 (s, 911, 3xCll.O, 166 (s, 3H, CII-0, 1 S2 (s, 311, CW,), 198 (m, 1211, ..x H , 425 (d, 211,.7=72 Hz, CH ₂ ), 5.07 (br, 3H, 3xCH), 3.26 (t, 111,7=72 llz, CW), 771 (m, 4H, Ar), MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 420 (M+H) ⁺

b)Synthesιs of (E,E,E)- 3,7,11 ,13-letramethy -2,(.,10,14-hexadecaletraenylamιne (35)

Hydrazine monohydrate (0138 ml, 286 mmol) was added to a solution of intermediate 34 (080g, 19 mmol) m EtOH (90 mL), and the lesulting mixture was stined at i oom iempeiatuie foi 24 h Λflei filh ation of a white solid, the solution was evaporated and Ihe lesidue was extracted with Et.O (2x20 mL) The organic layers were filteied and evapoialed to give intermediate 35 (0520g, 95%) as an oil, which was used for the following reaction without any further purification, 'H-NMR (CD<OD, SO Mhz) δ 159 (s, 911, 3xCH0, 165 (s, 6H, 2xCH0,202 (m, 1211, tfxClI.), 327 (d, 2H,.7=72 Hz, CI1_), 512 (br, 3H, 3xCH), 325 (t, Cll), MS (IΛB ⁺ ) m/c 290 (M+1I) ⁺

of dietlul (/,A,A)- [2-oxo-2- [ ('ft7ft 1 4- hexadecatetraenyDamino] cllnl] phosphonate (3(0

A soluhon of compound 35 (0360g, 124 mmol), dielhylphosphonoacetic acid (0266g, 136 mmol, piepared as disclosed by M F Cooke, K B Bicunas, Synthesis, 283, 1981, and (0251 g, 186 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 ml) was treated wil 1 -(3-dιmethylamιnopιopyl)-3-ethylcarbodnmιde hydrochloπde (0285 g, 149 mmol) llκ mixture was stined al rt for 24 h, and the solvent was evapoialed undei leduced piessuie ^' Ihe lesidue was purified by column chiomalography on 230-400 mesh silica gel -Nagcl Silica Gel 60 Art Ni 81538) eluting with Cll ₂ Cl_-hexane-McOil (98704) and collecting 4 mL fractions The appropriate fractions weie combined, evaporated, and pump- dried to give mtei mediate 36 (0464 g, S0%) as dn oil 'H-NMR (CDCh, SO Mhz) δ 133 (t, 6I1,.7=71 11/, 2χCH.Cll ₂ ), 1 GO (s, 911, 3χCII0, 167 (s, 611, 2xCH0, 202 (m, 12II,6χCIL),283 (d, 414 (q, 411, .7=71 Hz, 2χClhCH_), 310 (br, 311, 3xClI), 520 (t, lH,./=71 Hz, CH),MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 46S (M+ll) ⁺

Synthesis of 7 Bromoh imethylsilane (0282 mL, 214 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 36 (0200g, 042S mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιne (0113 mL, 0856 mmol) in anhvdious Cll.Cl. (6 mL), the lesultmg mixtuie was shrted at rt foi 18 h After evapoiahon of Ihe solution, the lesidue was treated with an aqueous solution of KOll 10 N (32 ml ) and then stirred at it for 3 h Ihe solution was evapoialed and the u uiting ciude icsidue was punfied by column

2S

chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Polygosil* ¹ 60-4063 Cis Art. Nr.71150) eluting with MeOH-H ₂ 0 (1:1) and collecting 2 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 7 (0.194g, 93%) as a very liygro.scopic white lyophilate: 'H-NMR (CD ₃ OD, SO Mhz) δ 1.54 (s, 911, 3 ^χ CII.O, 1.61 (s, 6H, 2xCH;0, 1.95 (m, 12H, 6x CH ₂ ), 2.49 (d, 2H,7=1 Hz, Il.P), 3.75 (d, 2M,. =7.1 llz, CH_), 5.03 (br, 3H, 3χ CH), 5.20 (t, IH, .7=7.1 Hz, CH);MS (EΛB ⁺ ) m/e 488 (M+H) ⁺ .

EXAMPLE 8

Synthesis of the dipotassium ail of (A',A ^* A -1 -[ (3,7,11 ,15-tctramcthyl-

2,6,10, 14-hcxadcca!ctracnyl)aminocarbonyl] ethylphosphonic acid.

8 Compound 8 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 7

SCHEME 7

a)Syπthesis of dielhyl (A ^' ,A ^' ,A- 1 -[ (3,7,11,15-lelramethyl-2,6,10,l 4- hexadecatetraenyDaminocarbonyl ] elhylphosphonale (37)

A solution of intermediate 35 (0.400g, 1.38 mmol), intermediate 24 (0.319g,

1.52 mmol) and 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole (0.280g, 2.07 mmol) in anhydrous THF

(18 ml) was treated with 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0. 18g, 1.66 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel

60 Art. Nr. 81538) eluting with ΛcOEt-hexane (1:1) and collecting 3 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give intermediate 37 (0.5(.3χ, 83%) as an oil: l-NMR (CDC1.<, 80 Mhz) δ 1.37 (m, 9H, 2xCH:.CH2 + G1I.0, 1.39 (s, 9H, 3χCH _: 0, 1.68 (s, GW, 2xCH _: 0, 2.01 (m,

12H, 6χCH ₂ ), 2.78 (m, IH, CH), 3.85 (d, 2H, .7=7.2 Hz, CW ), 4.03 (q, 2H, .7=7.2

Hz, CH;.CH ₂ ), 4.03 (q, 2H, .7=7.2 Hz, CIUCH ₂ ), 3.12 (br, 311, 3 ^χ CH), 3.23 (t, IH,

.7=7.2 Hz, CH); MS (FΛBft m/e 482 (M+H) ^* .

Synthesis of 8. Bromolrimethylsilane (0.410 ml,, 3.1 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 37 (0.300 g, 0.621 mmol) and 2,4,6-coIlidine (0.164 mL, 1.24 mmol) in anhydrous CH_C1 ₂ (6 ml.); the resulting mixlure was stirred at rt for 18 h. After evaporation of the solution, the residue was treated with an aqueous solution of KOH 1 N (4.7 mL) and then stirred at rt for 3 h. The solution was evaporated and the resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Folygosil* 60-4063 Cis Art. Nr.71150) eluting with MeOH-lftO (1.5:1) and collecting 2 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 8 (0.233g, 75%) as a very liygro.scopic while lyophilate: 'Fl-NMR (CD3OD, SO Mhz) δ 1.35 (dd, 31-1,7=7.2, 15.2 Hz, CHft, 1.59 (s, 9H, 3χCH;0, 1.66 (s, 6H,CH ₃ ),2.01 (m, 12H, 6 ^χ CH ₂ ), 2.54 (dq, 1H,7=7.2, 20 Hz, CH), 3.79 (d, 2H, 7=7.2 Hz, CH2), 5.13 (br, 3H, 3xCH), 3.23 (t, IH, .7=7.2 Hz, CH); MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 502 (M+H) ⁺ .

EXAMPLE 9

Synthesis of the dipotassium salt of (E,E,E)-1~ [(3,7,11 ,15-tctramclhyl- 2,6,10,14-hcxadecatclraenyl)aminocarbonyl] propylpho phonic acid.

K)

Compound 4 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 8

SCHEMES

a)Synfhesιs of diclhyl (A,A ^' ,A)- 1 -[ (3,7,11 ,13-khams thy 1-2,6,10,14- hexadecalehaenyDamiiK aibonyl j pi opyl phosphonate (38)

A solution of intermediate 35 (0400g, 138 mmol), intermediate 27 (0340g, 152 mmol) and 1 -hydroxyben/oti l.i/ole (02S0g, 207 mmol) m anhydrous TFIF (18 ml) was treated with 1 -(3-dιmclhy]amιnopropy!)-3-ethylcarbodhmιde hydrochloride (0318g, 1 GG mmol) The mixtuie was stined at rt for 18 h, and the solvent was evaporated under I educed piessure The lesidue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Ait Ni 81538) eluting wilh (1 1) and collecting 3 ml fractions The appiopiiate haehoiis weie combined, evapoiated, Λnά pump-dried to give intermediate 38 (0518g, 76%) as ,m oil, I-NMR (CDCh, 80 Mh/) δ 099 (t, 3H,./=72 Hz, CIHClft), I 28 (I, 311,7=72 H/,CH<CI1_), 131 (t, 311,7=72 Hz,

.1

CH _? CH ₂ ), 139 (s, 911, 3xCH0, 167 (s, 6H, 2xCH ₃ ), 200 (m, 14H, 6xCH ₂ + CH _? CH ₂ ), 2.52 (dt, 111, .7=72, 22 Hz, CII), 3.82 (d, 2H, .7=7.2 Hz, CII ₂ ), 4.10 (q,

2H, .7=7.2, ClftCH ₂ ), 412 (q, 211, .7=72, CH ₃ CH_), 3 OS (br, 311, 3χCH), 5.19 (t, 1H,7=72 Hz, CH),MS (FAR*) m/e 496 (M+H) ⁺

Synthesis of 9 Bromotrimethy silane (0410 mL, 31 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 38 (0307 g, 0621 mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιne (0164 mL, 1.24 mmol) in anhydrous Cll.Cl. (6 mL), the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h After evapoi ation of the solution, the residue was treated with an aqueous solution of KOI I 1 N (47 ml.) and then stirred at rt for 3 h The solution was evaporated and Ihe lesulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reveise phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Folygosil* 60-4063 C.i, Art Nr 71130) eluting with McOlI-lftO (131 ) and collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 9 (0130g, 47%) as a very hygroscopic white lyophilate 'H-NMR (CD OD, 80 Mh ) δ 098 (t, 311, CH. HJ, 139 (s, 911, 3χClI0, 167 (s, 6H, 2xCH0, 202 (m, 1411, 6χCH_ + Cll.CH.), 250 (m, 111, CW), 381 (d, 211, 7=7.2 Hz, CH.), 510 (bi, 311, 3*Cli), 524 (t, 111, .7=7211/, CW), MS (EABft m/e 516 (M+H ft EXAMPLE 10

Synthesis of the dipotassium salt of (E,E,E)-\3-oxo-3- [(3,7,11 ,15-tctramcthyl- 2,6,10,14-hcxadccatctracnyl)amιno] propyl]phosphonic acid.

10

Compound 10 was preμ>ared as shown m SCHEME 9

SCHEME 9

12

(M

a)Synthesιs of dimethyl (A ^' ,A,A)-|3-oxo-3- [ (3,7,11,15-tetramelhyl-2,6, 10,14- hexadccatetraeπyDamino] propy Ilphosphonate (39)

A solution of intermediate 35 (0250g, 086 mmol), intermediate 29 (0172g, 035 mmol) ,ιnd 1 -hydroxy be n/otπa/ole (0 174g, 12!) mmol) in anhydrous THE (16 ml) was treated with I -( >-dιmethylamιnopropy l)-3-ethy lcarbodnmide hydrochloride (0198g, I 0.'' mmol) The mixlure was stirred at rl for 24 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure The residue was purified by column chrom lography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel GO Art. Nr 81538) eluting with Cl I.Cft-hexane-MeOII ( ^l . S 70' ) and collecting 3 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, and pump- dried lo give lnlermediale 39 (0213g, 55%) as .in oil 'H-NMR (CDCft, 80 Mhz) δ 1 60 (s, 911, 3χCII , 1 67 (s, 611, 2xCH0, 208 (in, 1411, 7χCII_), 242 (m, 2H, CH ₂ ), 3.73 (d, 611, .7= 10811/, 2xClft), 384 (d, 211,./= 71 W/., Gift), 310 (br, 3H, 3xCH),5.21 (t, 111, =71 11/., CW), MS (FΛB ⁺ ) m/e 454 (M+1I) ⁺

Synthesis of 10 Bromotπmethylsilane (0280 ml,, 210 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 39 (0 1 0 g, 042 mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιne (011 mL, 084 mmol) m anhydrous Cll.Cl. (6 ml,), the lesultmg mixture was stirred al rt for 18 h. Alter cvaμ>oralιoπ oi the solution, Ihe residue was healed with an aqueous solution of KOI I 10 N (32 ml.) and then stirred al rl for 3 h The solution was evaporated and the resulting erude residue was purified by column

chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel rolygosil*' 60-4063 C _.8 Art. Nr.71150) eluting with MeOH-ll ₂ 0 (3:4) and collecting 2 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 10 (0.179g, S5%) as a very hygroscopic white lyophilate: 'H-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 80 Mhz) δ 1.59 (s, 9H, 3 ^χ CH _; 0, 1.66 (s, 3H, CHft, 1.68 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ), 1.75 (m, 2H, CH ₂ ), 2.03 (m, 12H, 6 ^χ CH ₂ ), 2.42 (m, 2H, CH ₂ ), 3176 (d, 2H,.=7.1 Hz, CH ₂ ), 5.11 (br, 3H, 3 ^χ CH), 5.22 (t, 111,.7=7.1 Hz, CH); MS (FΛBft m/e 502 (M+H) ⁺ .

EXAMPLE 11

Synthesis of the trisodium salt of (A',A',A)-3-oxo~2-(phosphonomcthyl)-3- [ (3,7,11,15-tctramelhyl-2,6,l 0,14-hexadccatetraenyl)amino] propanoic acid.

1 I

Compound 11 can be prepared according to the process of example 6 using intermediate 35 instead of intermediate 21 as a starting compound.

EXAMPLE 1

Synthesis of the tripotassium sail of (A',A',A-||(4,8,1 ,16-tctramcthyl- 3,7,11 ,15-hcptadccaletracnyl)hydroxyphosphoryl|mcthyl|phosphonic acid.

12

Compound 12 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 10

CHEME 10

a)Synthesιs of di thyl (/;,A,A)-||(4,8, 12,16-letramcthy 1-3,7,11 , 15- heptadecaiehaenvDethoxyphosphoiy l|nιe I hy 1) phosphonate (41) A solution ->f intermediate 40, diethyl elhoxydnethy Dphosphinoylmethy lphosphonate, (0242g, 094 mmol, prepared as disclosed by M Prashad,.! C Tomcseh,.|R Waiciπg, T Scallen, Eur. J Med. Chem, 2S, 327-531, 1993, in anhydrous THE (1 ml.) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of sodium hydnde (0033g, 1 1 mmol, 80% dispei sion) in anhydrous THF (3 mL) under an argon The lesultmg seiluliein was allowed lo stir at loom temperature for 2 h then cooled to -78 C Butyl lhium (069 ml, of I 6 M hexane solution, 1 I mmol) was then added dropwise and the solution, after stirring for I h at -78 C, was heated diopwise with intermediate 33 (0400g, I 13 mmol) and then stined foi .in additional 1 h al -78 C The reaction mixture was quenced with acetic acid (0136g, 226 mmol), diluted with CH ₂ C1 ₂ (15 mL) and washed with brine The oiganic phase was dried and evaporated under reduced pressure The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230- 400 mesh silica gel (Mieheiey-Nagel Silica Gel GO Art Nr 81538) eluting with hexane-AcOEt-MeOH (14 1) and collecting 3 mL fractions The appropriate fractions weie combined, evaporated, and pump-dued to give intermediate 41 (02l8g, 36%) as d oil 'H-NMR (CDCft, 80 Mhz) δ 134 (t, 911,.7=71 Hz, 3x CH _< CI1_), 1 GO (s, 911, 3-.C1I , 163 (s, 311, CHO, I 68 (s, 311, CI I 0, 201 (m, 14H, 7xCIl ₂ ), 230 (m, 211, Gift), 240 (dd, 211,./=!..4, 207 llz, FC1I ₂ F), 416 (m, 611, 3xCII.CH_),510 (br, 411, 4χCII), MS (FΛB ⁺ ) m/e 531 (M+I1) ⁺

Synthesis of 12 Bromolrimethylsilane (023 ml., 17 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 41 (0180 g, 034 mmol) and 2,4,6-collιdme (009 ml., 068 mmol) m anhydrous Cll.Cl. (6 ml,), the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h Aftei evaporation oi the solution, the residue was treated with d aqueous solution of KOH 10 N (2,6) ml.) and then stirred at rt for 3 h The soluhon was evaporated and the resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Polygosil* 60-4063 Cis Art Nr 71130) eluting with MeOII-lI ₂ 0 (1 1) and collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions weie combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 12 (0149g.78%) as a veiy hygioscopie while lyophilate 'H-NMR (CD. OD, 80 Mh/.) δ 159 ( , 911.3χC110, 164 (s, 611, 2\CH0, 200 (m, 1411, 7χ CH ₂ ), 231 (m.211, C1IJ, 242 (dd, 211,7=1 3, 20 S 11/, PCllft), 511 (br, 411, 4 x CH),MS (FΛBft m/e 561 (M+ll) ⁺

EXAMPLE 13

Synthesis of the tripotassium salt of (A',A',A -1 -methyl- 1 -|(4,8,12,16- tetramethyl-3,7,11,15- hcptadccaletraenyl)hydroxyphosphoryl|ethylphosphonιc acid

13

Compound 1 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 11 SCHEME 11

a)Synthesιs of diethyl (/„/;,/,)- 1 -methy 1- 1 -| 1-3,7,11,15- heptadeea let laenyDe I (43) Butvllithium (05(> ml e->l I G M hexane solution, 09 mmol) was added diopwise to a stirred solution of mk i mediate 42, diethyl I -|ethoxy(methy Dphosphmoyl]- 1 - methylethylphosphonate, (0200g, 070 mmol), prepaied as disclosed by M Frashad, JC Tomesch, J R Waiving, ^' ! ^' Scallen, Eur J Med Chem, 2S, 527 ^' -531 , 1993, in anhydrous THF (3 ml,), cooled at -78 C and under dn aigoπ atmosphere The resulting mixtuie, aflei stirring for 1 h al -78 C was healed diopwise with intermediate 33 (0353g, 10 mmol) and then shπed foi dn additional I h at -78

C The reaction mixtuie was quenced with acetie acid (0120g, 2 mmol), diluted with C!1 ₂ C1 ₂ (15 mL) and washed with brine ^' Ihe oiganic phase was dried and evaporated under reduced piessuie The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art Nr 81338) eluting with hexane-ΛcOEt (13) and collecting 3 mL fractions The appropriate fi actions weie combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give intermediate 43 (021 Og, 38%) as .in oil 'H-NMR (CDCft, 80 Mh/) δ 135 ( , 1511, 2xCll< + I (.' ^■ ? (s, 911, 3χCH0, I 70 (s, 6||, 207 (m, 14H, 7χCll_), 228 (m, 211, CII.), 4 IS (m, fill, «χCII.CHJ, 512 (bi , 411, 4xCH), MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 559 (M+II) ⁺

17

Synthesis of 1 . Bromolrimethylsilane (0.152 ml., 1.13 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 43 (0.128g, 0.23 mmol) and 2,4,6-collidine (0.06 mL, 0.46 mmol) in anhydrous C1! C1 (6 mL); the resulting mixlure was stirred at rt for 18 h. After evaporation of the solution, the residue was treated with an aqueous solution of KOH 1.0 N ( 1.7 ml,) and then stirred at rt for 3 h. The solution was evaporated and the resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Polygosil* 60-4063 Cs Art. Nr.71150) eluting with Me01I-H ₂ 0 (3:4) and collecting 2 mL fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 13 (0.113g, S5>%) as a very hygroscopic while lyophilate l-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 80 Mhz) δ 1.18 (m, 611, 2xC11.0, 159 (s, 911, 3*C110, 1.65 (s, 6H, 2xCH.O, 2.03 (m, 14H, 7χCll_), 2.25 (m, 211, Gift), 515 (br, 411, 4χClI), MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 389 (M+ll) ⁺

EXAMPLE 14

Synthesis of the Iripoiassiu salt of (A',A',A)- 1 -ethyl- 1 -|(4,8, 12,16-tctramcthyl- 3,7,11 ,15-hcptadecatelracnyl)hydroxyphosphoryl|propylphosphonic acid.

14

Compound 14 was prepared as shown in SCHEME 1.

SCHEME 12

aftSynthesis oi diethyl (A ^' ,A,/)- I -e thy 1- 1 -|(4,8,l 2, H.-letraniethy 1-3,7,11,15- heptadecaleh enyl)elho.\yphosμ>hoιyl|pιopy lphosphonale acid (45) Butylhlhium (063 ml, oi 16 M hexane solution, 10 mmol) was added dropwise to a sliried solution of intermediate 44, diethyl 1 -|elhoxy (mclhyl)phosphιnoyl|- 1 - ethy propylphosphonate, (02(>0g, 083 mmol, prepaied as disclosed by M Frashad, JC Tomcseh R Waiving, T Scallen, Eur J Med Chem, 2S, 527-531,

1993, in anhydious TIB (3 ml,), coole at -78 G and under an argon atmosphere The resulting mixture, allei sin ring for 1 h al -78 C was healed dropwise with intermediate 33 (041 Og, I 16 mmol) and then sliried tor AW additional 1 h at -78

C The reaction mixtuie was qucnecd with acetic acid (0139g, 232 mmol), diluted with CH.Cft (15 mL) and washed with brine The organic phase was dried and evaporated under 1 educed μnessuie The lesidue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art Nr 81538) eluting with hexanc-ΛeOEl (13) and collecting 3 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evapoialed, and pump-dried lo give intermediate 45 (0 19g, 32%) as an oil MI-NMR (CDCft, SO Mh/) δ 1 19 (m, 15H,5xcΗ,Cll_), 155 (s, 12il,4 ^χ Cl!0, 163 (s, 311, CHO, 198 (m, 1811, 9xCll ₂ ),

225 (m, 211, Gift), 410 (m, fill, 3 ^χ CII .CM.), 514 (br, 411, 4χCII), MS (FABft m/e 587 (M+II) ⁺

Synthesis of 14 Bromoh imethylsilane (01/8 ml, 135 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 45 (0 I 60g, 027 mmol) and 2,4,6-eolhdine (0071

19

mL, 054 mmol) in anhydrous Cll.Cl. (6 mL), the lesultmg mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h Λllei evaporation oi Ihe solution, the residue was heated with an aqueous solution oi KOI I 10 N (20 ml,) and then stined at rt foi 3 h The solution was evapoiated and the lesulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase silica gel (Macherey-Nagel rolygosil* 60-4063 Cis Art Nr 71150) eluting with MeOH-H ₂ 0 (34) and collecting 2 L fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dried to give 14 (014 g, 89%) as a very hygroscopic white Ivoplulate I-NMR (CD«OP, SO Mh/) δ 104 (m, (511, 2\CW ,C11 ₂ ), 154 (s, 911, xClI,), 162 (s, 611, 2xCH0, 194 (m, 1811, 9xCll_), 224 (m, 211, C1IJ, 512 (bi, 411, 4χCH), MS (FAFft) m/e 617 (M+Ii) ⁺

EXAMPLE 15

Synthesis oi the tripotassium salt of (A',A',A)-|| (3,7,11 ,15-tetramcthyl-

2,6,10,14- hcxadecat e t rae ny loxy me I hyDhydroxyphosphoryll methyl I phosphonic acid

15

Compound 15 was piepaied as shown in SCHEME.13

SCHEME 13

GG — n

Gcr l<>cr niι.l GG ,OD o ^'

,OI 1 "Ol I ci ,so_.o' υ 47 ft)l i

46 O

GG_ ^\

G(. Ol

O

"on ^! | oil

() ()

a) Synles!s ot diethyl (A ^' ,A )-(3,7, 11 , 15-lclramclhyl-2,6,l 0,14- hexadecaletracnyloxymcthyl) phosphonate (47) Butylhthium (21 mL of I (5 M hexane solution, 336 mmol) was added dropwise over 10 nun to a stirred solution of geianylgeraniol (lg, 344 mmol) in anhydrous THF (12 ml,), cooled al -78 C dnd under dn atmosphere The mixture, aftcr shrπng for 1 h at -78 C, was treated dropwise with a solution of intermediate 46, diethyl phosphonomet lh l lalc, (094g, 313 mmol, piepared as disclosed by D P Phillion, A diew, tetrahedron Letters, 27, 1477-1480, 1986, in anhydrous THF (3 ml,) The mixtuie was stirred loi 1 h al -78 C and then allowed lo warm to 0 °C for 2 h The leachon mixlure was quenced with a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and extracted with El.O The organic phase was dried and evaporated under reduced pressure The resulting residue was purified by column chromate-igraphy on 230-400 mesh sihca gel (Macheiey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Ait Ni 81358) eluting with hexane-AcOLI (31) and collecting 4 ml. fractions The appropnate fiaehons weie combined, evapoialed, and pump-dπed to give mlei mediate 47 (077 lg, 51%) as an oil '1 l-NMK (CPC1., 80 Mhz) 134 (1, 6H, 2χCπ<CH_), 159 (s, ^« I, 3<GII , 167 ( ^« ., fill, 2xCII , 202 (m,

12H, fixClft), 371 (d, 21 ift), 410 (m, fill, CII. + 2xCll,CH.), 508 (br, 3Il,3xCH), 530 (1, 1 CH), MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 441 (M+1I) ⁺

b)Synthesιs of ethyl (E,E,E)-(3,7,] 1,13-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14- hexadecatetraenyloxymethyDphosphonate (48)

A solution of intermediate 47 (0.626g, 1.42 mmol) in 2-propanol (10 Dwas treated with KOI I 1 N ( 12 ml.) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 110 -C for 48 h The 2-propanol was evaporated and the aqueous residue was acidified with 10% aqueous IIC1 and then extracted with Cll.Cl. (3x20 ml.) Ihe organic phase was washed with brine, dried and evaporated to give 48 (0550g, 94%) as an oil 'H-NMR (CDCft, 80 Mh/) 133 (t, 311,7=7.2 W/., OUCH.), 159 (s, 911, 3xCH. , 166(s, 611, 2xCH , 202 (m, 1211, fixCII.), 370 (d, 211,7=88 Hz, Cll ₂ ), 411 (m, 411, Gift + ClftCH.), 5 OS (bi, 311, 3χCII), 329 (t, 111, .7=72 II/, CII), MS (FABft m/e 413 (M+llft

Synthesis of dimethyl (A,A,A)-||(3,7, 11 ,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14- hexadecatetraenyloxymethyDethoxyphosphoryl I methyl I phosphonate (49) N,N-dιethyl(tπmethylsilyl)amιne (033 mL, 173 mmol) was added lo a stirred solution of intermediate 48 (0360g, 087 mmol) in anhydrous Cll.Cl. (6 mL), under an argon almospheie, and the resulting mixtuie was stirred foi 2 h at room temperature The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in benzene , evaporated and then pumped al high vacuum The remainder was dissolved, under dn argon atmospluie, in anhydious CII ₂ Cl ₂ (fi ml.) containing three drops of anhydrous DMF and Ihe resulting solution was then treated diopwise, al 0 C and under dn argon atmosphere, with freshly distilled oxalyl chloride (016 mL,

18 mmol) with much gas evolution The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0

C and then allowed to warm lo room temperature for 1 h The soluhon was evaporated and the lesidue was twice disolved m anhydrous benzene and evaporated under reduced piessure t give the resulting acid chloride Buthylhthium ( 12 ml. ol 1 G M hexane solution, 192 mmol) was added dropwise over 5 min to a stirred solution of diinelhylmethy lphosphonalc (021 ml., 2 mmol), cooled at -78 C and under dn argon atmosphere, and Ihe lesultmg mixture was stirred at -78 C for 1 h The resulting suspension at -78 C and under an argon

atmospheie was treated diopwise ovei 10 mm with an anhydrous Till (4 mL) solution of the acid chlonde piepared above The reaction mixture was stirred at - 78 °C for 1 h, quenced with a saluiated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and diluted with Et ₂ 0 The aqueous layer was acidified with 10% aqueous HCI and the 5 organic phase was j,epaιated and washed with brine The aqueous layer was re- extracted with CH ₂ C1 ₂ , and the CII ₂ C1 ₂ washed with brine The combined organic layers were dried and evaporated The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh sihea gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art Nr 81538) eluting with MeOI l-CII.Cl. (298) and collecting 3 ml. fractions The 0 appropriate fractions weie combined, evaporated, and pump-dned lo give intermediate 49 (0320g, 71%) as oil 'II-NMR (CDCft, 80 Mhz) δ 134 (I, 311, _, /=72 llz, CH.Cll.), 153 (s, 911, 3χCII , 167 (s, 611, 2xCII , 203 (m, 1211, fix CH ₂ ), 255 (m, 211, Cll ₂ ), 375 (in, 211, CII ₂ ), 380 (d, 311, J=G Hz, CI10, 384 (d, 3H,7=6 Hz, CHO, 410 ( , 411, Gil. + CII. CHJ, 509 (bi, 311, 3xC!l), 530 (t, IH, 5 CII), MS (EΛB ⁺ ) m/e 519 (M + 1IT

Synthesis of 15 Biomohimctliylsilaiic (0356 ml., 27 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 49 (0280g, 054 mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιnc (0143 mL, 108 mmol) in anhydious ι_ll_Cl_ (8 ml.), Ihe lesulting mixtuie was stirred at 0 rt for 18 h After evapoiation ot the solution, the lesidue was treated with an aqueous .solution of KOI I 10 N (41 ml.) .ind then stirred al rl for 3 h The solution was evaporated and the K suiting ciude residue was purified by column chromatography on reveise phase silica gel (M.ichcicy-Nagcl Polygosil' 60-4063 Ci.s Art Ni 71150) eluting wilh MeOll-H.O (54) and collecting 2 ml. hachons s The approμ>ιιalc hachons weie combined, evapoiated, lyophih/ed, dnd pump- dried to give 15 (0 ISfig, 60%) as a veiy hygroscopic white lyophilate 'II-NMR (CD _< OD, SO Mh/) δ I 5 (s, 911, :UCH,), I 67 (s, (511, 2xCH0, 202 (m, 1411, 7 ^χ CH ₂ ), 339 C11J, 40G (d, 211, .7=72 W/., CII..), 509 (br, 311, 3 ^χ CH), 530 ( II), MS (lABft m/e 577 (M+Ilft 0

EXAMPLE 16

Synthesis of the dipotassium sail of (A',A',A)-(4,8,12,16-tetramethyl-3,7,l 1,15- heptadecatctraenyl) phosphonic acid

16

Compound 16 was prepared as shown m SCHEME 14

SCHEME 14

^ II

GG P: oιι o

If.

a)Synthesιs oi diethyl (A,A ^' ,Aft(4,8,l 2, lfi-letιamethyl-3,7,11 ,15- heptadecatetraenyDphosphonale (50)

Butylhtluum (048 ml, ol 16 M hexane solution, 076 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution ot diethylmcthylphosphonate (0086 ml,, 059 mmol) in anhydious Till (3 mL), cooled at -78 C and under dn argon almospheie The resulting mixlure, aftei stπiing foi 1 h at -78 C was treated diopwise with intermediate 33 (0300g, 085 mmol) and then slnied foi additional 1 h at -78

C The reaction mixtuie was quenced with acetic acid (0102g, 17 mmol), diluted with Cll.Cl. (15 ml,) and washed with brine The organic phase was dried and evaporated under icduccd piessuie The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel GO Art Nr 8153S) eluting with hexane -Ac OLI (73) dnd collecting 3 ml. fi actions The appropriate hachons weie combined, evapoiated, d d pump-dned to give intermediate 50 (0188g, 75%) as dn oil 'H-NMR (CDCft, 80 Mh/) 131 (t, 6H, 7=72 Hz, 2χCH.CH_), 139 (s, 911, 3, CHO, 167 (s, 311, CW^), 171 (s, 311, CHO,

1.99 (m, 1411, 7xCH ₂ ), 229 (m, 211, GIF), 407 (m, 411, 2xCI I. CH_), 5 OS (br, 411, 4xCH),MS (FΛB ⁺ ) m/e 425 (M+II) ⁺

Synthesis of 16 Bromotπmelhylsilane (0165 ml,, 125 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 50 (0 I06g, 025 mmol) and 2,4,6-colhdιne (0.066 mL, 050 mmol) in anhydrous CH C1 ₂ (6 mL), the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h After evaporation of the solution, the residue was treated with an aqueous soluhon of KOI I 10 N (1.9 ml,) and then stirred at rt for 3 h The soluhon was evaporated and Ihe resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase sihca gel (Macherey-Nagel Tolygosil' 60-4063 C ₁₈ Art. Nr 7 I 150) eluting with McOH-ll.O (12) dnά collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump- dned to give 16 (0 lOOg, 90%) as a veiy hygioscopie white lyophilate 'II-NMR (CO.OP, SO Mh/) I 59 (s, 911, 3<CII .), I 64 (s, 311, CW,), 167 (s, 311, CIIO, 202 (m, 1411, 7χCII_), 2.22 (in, 211, Cll ₂ ), 514 (bi , 411, 4χCll), MS (IΛBft m/e 445 (M+lIft

EXAMPLE 17

Synthesis of dipotassium salt of (A ^' ,A',A)-(1 -hydroxy-3,7, ! 1 ,15-tetramcthyl- 2,6,10,14-hexadecaletraenyl)phosphonιc acid

17

Compound 1 / was prepared as shown in SC! IEME

SCHEME 15

,011

GG ^'

Oil

O

17

aftSynthcsis ol dimethyl ( A ^' , ^' , E) -( I -hydroxy -3,7,11 ,13-telramelhyl-2,6,10,14- hexadecatelraenyl) phosphonate (52) Dimethy phosphile (0 IS ml., 196 mmol) and triethylamine (036 ml., 2.6 mmol) were added lo a stirred solution oi geranylgeranial (51, 0374g, 13 mmol, prepared as disclosed by ΛJ Maneuso, I. Huang, D Swcrn,./ Org. Chem., 43, 2480, 1978, in anhydrous Cl I ,CN (3 ml,) under an argon atmosphere The mixture was stirred at rl foi 24 h, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure The residue was puiihed by column chiomalogiaph on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel GO Art Ni 81538) eluting with ΛcOEt- hexane (ft 1.5) and collecting 3 ml. fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, and pump-dned to give intermediate 52 (0160g, 31%) as an oil, MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 399 (M+H) ^*

Synthesis of 17 Bromohimethylsilane (025 ml., 188 mmol) was added to a stirred soluhon of compound 52 (0150g, 0377 mmol) and 2,4,6-collιdme (0.10 mL, 0754 mmol) in anhydrous Cll.Cl. (5 mL), the lesultmg mixtuie was stirred at rt for 18 h Λftei evaporation oi Ihe solution, Ihe residue was treated with an aqueous solution of KOI I 10 N (29 ml,) and then shrred at rt for 3 h The solution was evaporated and Ihe lesultmg crude residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase sihca gel (Macherey-Nagel Polygosil' 60-4063 Cis Art Nr.71150) eluting with MeOil-lbO (12) and collecting 2 mL fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophih/ed, and pump-

dried to give 17 (0.070g, 42%) as a very hygro.scopic white lyophilate: MS (FAB ⁺ ) m/e 447 (M+II) ⁺ .

EXAMPLE 18 Synthesis of (E,E,E)-0-(3,7, 11 ,15-tctramcthyl-2,6,10,14-hcxadccatctraenyl)- N-(aminosulfonyl)u re thane.

18

A solution of geranylgeraniol (0.3 g, 1.72 mmol) in anhydrous CII <CN (15 ml,) at -20 ^: C under nitrogen was heated with chlorosulfonylisocyanate (0.15 ml., 1.72 mmol) and Ihe mixture was stirred al -20 C for 4 h. The mixture was then treated dropwise at -20 C with a saturated solution of Nil . in ClftCN (7 ml.) and left at - 20-C for 3 h under stirring. The solvenl was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography on reverse phase silica gel gel (Macherey-Nagel Polygosil ^Λ 60-4063 efts Art. Nr 71150) eluting with CHsCN-lftO (6:4) and collecting 6 ml. fractions The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, lyophilized, and pump-dried lo give 18 (04 g, 56%) as a very hygroscopic white lyophilate: 'H-NMR (CDCl., SO Mhz) δ 1.60 (s, 911, 3χ CH,), 1.68 (s, 311, CII,), 1.71 (s, 311, CII.), 2.03 ( , 1211, 6xCII ₂ ), 4.30 (br, 3H, D ₂ 0 exchangeable, Nil + NIB), 4 (SS (d, 211, .7=7.2 Hz, Cll_), 5.10 (br, 311, 3χCH), 5.38 (I, 1 CII); MS (EAB ) m/e 411 (M-ll)

EXAMPLE 19

Synthesis of (A',A',A'/-1 -| (aminosulfonyl)aminoxy|-3,7,l 1 ,15-tetramcthyl-

2,6,10, 14-hcxadecatetraene

1

A mixture of sulfamoyl chloride (014 g, 1.28 mmol, prepared as disclosed by R. Appel, G Berger, Chem. Ber, 91, 1339, 1958, and K ₂ CO. (lg, 7.2 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (12 ml.) was treated with intermediate 21 (0.300g, 0.98 mmol) and the lesulhng mixture was stirred for 36 h at room temperature The reaction mixture was filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on 230-400 mesh silica gel (Macherey-Nagel Silica Gel 60 Art. Nr.8153S) eluting with hexane-AcOEt (4:1) and collecting 3 ml, fractions. The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated, and pump-dried to give 19 (0327g, 87%) as as a very hygroscopic white solid 'H-NMR (CDCl,, 80 Mhz) δ 1.60 (s, 911, 3χCII0, 1 GS (s, 311, CII,), 1.72 (s, 311, CW,), 204 (m, 12H, 6χCH ₂ ), 428 (br, 311, IftO exchangeable, Nil + NIB), 451 (d, 211,7=72 Hz, CH ₂ ), 510 (br, 3il,3χCII), 537 (I, 111, .7=7211/, CH), MS (EΛBft m/e 383 (M-!i) ⁺