TITLE OXA- AND THIA (DI)AZABICYCLIC COMPOUNDS The present invention relates to novel oxa(di)azabicyclic and thia(di)azabicyclic compounds, a method for their preparation and their use as weedkillers.

As has already been reported, certain thiadiazabicyclic compounds (see EP 238 711, EP 304920, US 4,885,023, US 4,684,397, US 4,801,408, WO 92/21684 and EP 600 833) can be used as weedkillers.

The present invention provides novel compounds of Formula I,

wherein:

X is selected from the group O, S, S(O), S(O) ₂ , CH ₂ , CHF, CF ₂ , CHCI, CHBr,

CHOCH ₂ F, CHOCHF ₂ , CHOCF3, CHOCH2CF3 andNR ⁴ ; m and n are independently 1 or 2, where m + n = 2 or 3; p is 0 to 9;

U is N or CH; W is independently O or S;

R ^A is independently selected from the group halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C3-C4 alkenyl, C1-C3 alkylthio, C1-C3 haloalkylthio, C ₂ -C4 alkylcarbonyl, OR ³ , C ₂ -Cβ alkyloxycarbonyl, C ₂ -Cβ haloalkoxycarbonyl, and

C3-C8 alkoxycarbonylalkyl; or, two R ^A groups on the same carbon atom, together with this carbon, are C=O; R ³ is selected from the group hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C ₂ -C4 alkylcarbonyl and C ₂ -C4 haloalkylcarbonyl; R ⁴ is selected from the group hydrogen, C.1-C3 alkyl, -C3 haloalkyl, C ₂ -C4 alkylcarbonyl, C ₂ -C4 haloalkoxycarbonyl and C -C4 alkoxycarbonyl; provided that: i) when X is CH and U is N, then p is 1 to 8 and at least one R ^A is halogen; and ii) when X is CHOCH ₂ F, CHOCHF ₂ , CHOCF3, or CHOCH ₂ CF ₃ , m and n are 1, and U is N, then p is 1 to 5 and at least one R ^A is other than alkyl;

Q is selected from the group

Z is O orS;

R ⁵ is hydrogen or halogen;

R ⁶ is selected from the group Cι-C ₂ alkyl, Cι-C ₂ haloalkyl, OCH3, SCH3,

OCHF ₂ , halogen, CN and NO ₂ ; R ⁷ is selected from the group hydrogen, Ci-Cδ alkyl, Ci-Cs haloalkyl, halogen,

OR ¹¹ , SR ¹¹ , S(0)qR», COR ¹¹ , CO^ ¹¹ , CCOJSR ¹¹ , C OJNR^R^, CHO and NHSO ₂ NHR ¹⁶ ; R ⁸ is selected from the group hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl and halogen; R ⁹ is selected from the group hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl and halogen; or, when Q is Q-2 or Q-6, R ⁸ and R ⁹ together with the carbon to which they are bonded is additionally selected from C=O;

R ¹⁰ is selected from the group Ci-C alkyl, Ci-Cβ haloalkyl, C ₂ -Cβ alkoxyalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl and C3-C6 alkynyl;

R ¹¹ is selected from the group -Cβ alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, Ci-Cβ haloalkyl, C ₂ -Ce alkoxyalkyl, C ₂ -Cs alkylthioalkyl, C ₂ -Cδ alkylsulphinylalkyl, C -Cs alkylsulphonylalkyl, C3-C8 alkoxyalkoxy- alkyl, C4-C8 cycloalkylalkyl, C ₂ -C4 carboxyalkyl, C3-C8 alkoxycarbonyl- alkyl, Cβ-Cβ alkenyloxycarbonylalkyl, Cβ-Cs alkynyloxycarbonylalkyl, C5-C alkoxycarbonylalkenyl, C4-C8 alkenyloxyalkyl, Cβ-Cs cycloalkoxyalkyl, C4-C8 alkynyloxyalkyl, C3-C8 haloalkoxyalkyl, C4-C8 haloalkenyloxyalkyl, C4-C8 haloalkynyloxyalkyl, C4-C8 alkenylthioalkyl, C4-C8 alkynylthioalkyl;

C1-C4 alkyl substituted with phenoxy or benzyloxy, each of the phenoxy and benzyloxy optionally substituted with at least one member independently selected from the group halogen, C1-C3 alkyl and C1-C3 haloalkyl, C4-C8 trialkylsilylalkyl, C3-C8 cyanoal yl, C3-C8 halocycloalkyl, C3-C8 haloalkenyl, C5-C8 alkoxyalkenyl, C5-C8 haloalkoxyalkenyl, C5-C8 alkylthioalkenyl,

C3-C haloalkynyl, C5-C8 alkoxyalkynyl, C5-C8 haloalkoxyalkynyl, C5-C8 alkylthioalkynyl, C2-C8 alkylcarbonyl; benzyl optionally substituted with at least one member independently selected from the group halogen, C1-C3 alkyl and C1-C3 haloalkyl; CHR ¹⁷ COR ¹⁸ , CHR ¹⁷ P(O)(OR ¹⁸ ) ₂ , P(O)(OR ¹⁸ ) ₂ , CHR ¹⁷ P(S)(OR ¹⁸ ) ₂ , CHR ¹⁷ C(O)NR ¹² R ¹³ , CHR ¹⁷ C(O)NH ₂ , phenyl and pyridyl, each of the phenyl and pyridyl optionally substituted with at least one member independently selected from the group halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy and CHR ¹ CH=NOR ¹⁸ ;

R ¹² and R ¹⁴ are independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently selected from the group C1-C4 alkyl and phenyl optionally substituted with at least one member independently selected from the group halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl and C1-C4 alkoxy; or

R ¹² and R ¹³ are taken together as -(CH ₂ ) ₅ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₄ - or -CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ -, each independently forming a ring in which one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by at least one member independently selected from the group C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl and optionally substituted benzyl; or

R ¹⁴ and R ¹⁵ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached is C3-C8 cycloalkyl; R ¹⁶ is C1-C4 alkyl or C ₁ -C4 haloalkyl;

R ¹⁷ is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;

R ¹⁸ is selected from the group Ci-C^ alkyl, C3-CC alkenyl and C3-C6 alkynyl; and

q is 1 or 2.

In the definitions given above the term 'alkyl', alone or in combined names such as 'alkylthio' or 'haloalkyl', includes a straight or branched chain isomers; for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or the various butyl isomers. Alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy and the various butyloxy isomers. Alkenyl covers straight- or branch-chain alkenes; for example, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 3-propenyl and the various butenyl isomers. Cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term 'halogen', alone or in combined names such as 'haloalkyl', signifies fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Furthermore, if 'haloalkyl' is used in the combined name, alkyl can be partly or totally substituted with halogen atoms, which in turn can be identical or different. Examples of haloalkyl are CH ₂ CH ₂ F, CF ₂ CF3 and CH ₂ CHFC1. Brackets in the nomenclature signify an optional component; for example, thia(di)azabicyclic compounds represent the aza- or the diaza-compound. Preference is given to the following radicals, wherein:

X is selected from the group O, CHF, CF ₂ and CHCI; R ^A is independendy selected from the group fluorine, chlorine and bromine; R ⁵ is selected from the group hydrogen, fluorine and chlorine; R ⁶ is selected from the group chlorine, bromine and cyano; R ⁷ is selected from the group hydrogen, OR ¹¹ , CO2R ¹¹ , Cι-C ₂ alkyl and -C ₂ haloalkyl; R ¹⁰ is selected from the group C1-C2 alkyl, Cι-C ₂ haloalkyl, C3-C4 alkenyl and

C3-C4 alkynyl; R ¹¹ is selected from the group C1-C4 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C ₂ -C4 alkoxyalkyl, C ₂ -C4 alkylthioalkyl,

C ₂ -C4 alkylsulphinylalkyl, C ₂ -C4 alkylsulphonylalkyl, C3-C6 alkoxyalkoxy- alkyl, C4-C8 cycloalkylalkyl, C ₂ -C4 carboxyalkyl, C3-C6 alkoxycarbonyl- alkyl, Cβ-Cs alkenyloxycarbonylalkyl, Cβ-Cβ alkynyloxycarbonylalkyl, C ₅ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonylalkenyl, Cβ-Cδ cycloalkoxyalkyl, C4-C6 alkenyloxyalkyl, C4-C6 alkynyloxyalkyl, C3-C6 haloalkoxyalkyl, C4-C8 haloalkenoxyalkyl,

C4-C6 haloalkynyloxyalkyl, Cβ-Cδ cycloalkylthioalkyl, C4-C6 alkenyl- thioalkyl, C4-C6 alkynylthioalkyl; Cι-C ₂ alkyl substituted with phenoxy or benzyloxy, each of the phenoxy and benzyloxy optionally substituted with at least one member independendy selected from the group halogen, Cι-C3alkyl and C1-C3 haloalkyl; C4-C8 trialkylsilylalkyl, C3-C4 cyanoalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 haloalkenyl, C5-C6 alkoxyalkenyl, C5-C6 haloalkoxyalkenyl, C5-C6 alkylthioalkenyl, C3-C6 haloalkynyl, C5-C6

alkoxyalkynyl, C5-C6 haloalkoxyalkynyl, C5-C6 alkylthioalkynyl, C ₂ -C4 alkylcarbonyl, benzyl optionally substituted with at least one member independendy selected from the group halogen, Cι-C ₂ alkyl and Cι-C ₂ haloalkyl; CHR ¹⁷ COR ¹⁸ , CHR ¹⁷ P(O)(OR ¹⁸ ) ₂ , P(O)(OR ¹⁸ ) ₂ , CHR ¹⁷ P(S)(OR ¹⁸ ) ₂ , CHR ¹⁷ C(O)NR ¹² R ¹³ , CHR ¹⁷ C(O)NH ₂ , phenyl and pyridyl, each of the phenyl and pyridyl optionally substituted with at least one member independendy selected from the group fluorine, chlorine, bromine,

Cι-C ₂ alkylhaloalkyl and Cχ-C ₂ alkoxy;

R ¹² is hydrogen or Cι-C ₂ alkyl; R ¹³ is selected from the group C1-C2 alkyl and phenyl optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group fluorine, chlorine, bromine,

C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C2 haloalkyl and C1-C2 alkoxy; or

R ¹² and R ¹³ are taken together as -(CH ₂ ) ₅ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₄ - or -CH2CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ -, each independendy forming a ring in which one or more H atoms is optionally and independendy replaced by C 1 -C2 alkyl;

R ¹⁷ is hydrogen or Cι-C ₂ alkyl; and

R ¹⁸ is selected from the group Cι-C ₂ alkyl, C3-C4 alkenyl and C3-C4 alkynyl.

Compounds of Formula I can exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers comprise enantiomers, diastereomers and geometric isomers. The skilled person knows that a stereoisomer may be more active and how the cited enantiomers, diastereomers and geometric isomers can be separated. Accordingly, the present invention covers racemic mixtures, individual stereoisomers and optically active mixtures of compounds of Formula I.

The novel oxa- or thiaazabicyclic compounds of general Formula la,

Li

wherein n, m, p, X, W, R ^A and Q have die meanings given above, are obtained according to the present invention by reacting an aryliso(thio)cyanate of Formula II,

Q-NCW π wherein W and Q have the meanings given above, with a (thio)carboxylic acid or ester of Formula HI,

wherein n, , p, X, W, and R ^A have the meanings given above and R represents hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, halogen or O-active esters, for example O-succinimide esters or anhydrides (see Houben-Weyl, Vol. 25/1 and 25/2 (1974)) optionally in the presence of an acid acceptor and a diluent.

The invention also provides a method for preparation of compounds of Formula I by reacting a compound of Formula IV,

wherein n, m, p, X, R ^A , R ⁵ and R ⁶ have the meanings given above and Y = O, S, or NH, with an electrophile of Formula V, VI or VII,

R ^π -Z R ¹⁶ SO ₂ -Z R ¹⁶ NHSO ₂ -Z v vι vπ

wherein Z is a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom or O-SO ₂ CH ₃ , Q-SO CF ₃ , O-SO ₂ -Ph, . O-SO ₂ -(4-methylphenyl) and R ¹¹ and R ¹⁶ have the meanings given above.

The invention also provides a method for preparation of compounds of Formula I, wherein m, n, p, X, R ^A , W and Q have the meanings given above, comprising reacting a compound of Formula El, wherein R is hydroxy, (C1-C4) alkoxy, halogen or O-active ester, with thiophosgene or with a thiophosgene-substitute XV, wherein L _j and L ₂ are independendy appropriate leaving groups, to produce compounds of Formula VIII, which are then reacted with compounds of Formula IX to form compounds of Formula X,

and, finally, converting the compoimds of Formula X to compounds of Formula I by cyclization. The invention also provides a mediod for preparation of compoxmds of Formula lb

lb

wherein n, W and Q have die meanings given above and R*, R 9 and X have d e meanings given below, by reacting a compound of Formula XI,

XI

wherein X is O, S, or NR ⁴ , R ¹ is independendy R ^A or hydrogen, and R ¹⁹ is independently selected from the group hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl or C3-C4 alkenyl, with a compound of Formula XVb,

cwα ₂

XVb

wherein W has the meaning given above, preferably in an inert organic solvent, for example in an aromatic solvent such as toluene or chlorobenzene, in a halogenated hydrocarbon such as chloroform or methylene chloride, in an ether such as diisopropylether or in acetonitrile or dimethylformamide, preferably by means of base catalysis and preferably at temperatures of 0 - 120°C. Bases or organic bases, for example organic amines such as triethylamine, are preferably used, but pyridine may also be used, preferably in the presence of activated charcoal.

Compounds of Formula XI can be obtained by reacting compounds of Formula XEH,

wherein X is O, S, or NR ⁴ , and n, R ¹ , R ⁴ , W and Q have die meanings given above, with ketones or aldehydes of Formula XII

xπ

or with phosgene or a phosgene substitute. In Formula XII, R ¹⁹ has the meaning given above. C=O is obtained in the ring upon reaction with phosgene or phosgene substitute. The reaction is preferably carried out in an inert organic solvent, for example in an aromatic solvent such as toluene or chlorobenzene, a halogenated hydrocarbon such as chloroform or methylene chloride, an ether such as diisopropylether or in acetonitrile or dimethylformamide, preferably by means of acid catalysis and preferably at temperatures of 20-120°C. Preferred acids are organic acids, for example organic sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid. Compounds of Formula Xm are obtained by reacting 2-mercapto- ,

2-hydroxyalkylhydrazines or 2-aminoalkylhydrazines of Formula XIV,

XIV

wherein X is O, S, or NR ⁴ and R ¹ and R ⁴ have d e meanings given above, with aryliso(thio)cyanates of Formula π, wherein Q has the meaning given above, preferably in an inert organic solvent, for example in an aromatic solvent such as toluene or chlorobenzene, in a halogenated hydrocarbon such as chloroform or methylene chloride, in an ether such as diisopropylether or in acetonitrile or dimethylformamide or alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, preferably by means of base catalysis and preferably at temperatures of 20-120°C. Bases or organic bases, for example organic amines such as triethylamine, but also pyridine, are preferably used.

In the reaction of a compound of Formula II with a compound of Formula UI when R = alkyl, the reaction is carried out in an inert organic solvent, for example in an aromatic solvent such as toluene or chlorobenzene, in a halogenated hydrocarbon such as chloroform or methylene chloride, in an ether such as diisopropylether or tetrahydrofuran or in acetonitrile or dimethylformamide, optionally with base catalysis at temperatures between -20°C and 125°C. Organic bases, for example organic amines such as triethylamine or even pyridine or also for example inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate (see EP-A1 0 272 594) are preferably used as bases. Variants of the general method A are described in EP-A20 070 389.

In the case where R = hydroxy, die reaction is carried out in water or methanol as solvent or, preferably, in a biphasic water/organic solvent system. Particular preference is given to the method in which a compound of Formula IE, optionally salts of HI, is added in water together with an inorganic base, for example an alkali- or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium hydroxide or potassium carbonate, or together with an organic base, for example, an organic amine such as triethylamine, followed by addition of compounds of Formula II dissolved in an inert solvent, for example, toluene, chlorobenzene or chloroform. Compoxmds II can, if necessary, also be added direcdy to the aqueous or alcoholic solution. The reaction mixture is then kept for several days, preferably for between 3 and 50 hours, at temperatures of between -40°C and +50°C, preferably between -10°C and +30°C.

The aqueous phase is then adjusted to a pH between 1 and 3 witii acid, preferably an inorganic acid such as aqueous hydrochloric or sxdphuric acid. The thiourea derivatives (see compounds X) thus produced are then cyclized at temperatxires of between 0°C and 100°C, optionally in the presence of an acid such as hydrochloric acid

and/or formic acid, or with the aid of a dehydrating substance, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodϋmide (DCC), in a solvent known to the skilled person (for example, acetonitrile), or optionally by conversion into an ester (R = alkyl or active ester) by known methods (see Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Vol. XV (1974)).

The compoxmds of Formula II are known or can be prepared by known methods; for these see EP 304 920, EP 238 711, EP 409 025, EP 373 461, EP 311 135 and DE 37 24096 .

Amines of Formula DI are known and can be prepared by die known methods; for these see for example M. Sekiya et al., Chem. Pliarm. Bull. (1983), 31(1), p 94; J.M. Cassal, A. Furst, W. Meier, Helv. Chim. Acta (1976), 59(6), p 1917; S.-K. Tsui, J.D.Wood, Can. J. Chem. (1979), 57(15), p 1977; M. Sekiya et al., Chem. Lett. (1982), (2), p 231.

EXAMPLE 1 N-Amino-N-(2-hvdroxyedιyl)-N-(2.4-dichlorophenyl)dιiourea

7.61 g (0.10 mol) 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine was dissolved in 100 mL methylene chloride at 0-5°C. After dropwise addition of 10.2 g (0.10 mol) triethylamine, 20.4 g (0.10 mol) 2,4-dichlorophenylisothiocyanate dissolved in 70 mL methylene chloride was added over a period of 4 h. "The reaction mixture was left to warm up to room temperature, stirred for a further 2 h, the precipitate filtered off, washed witii methylene chloride and die desired compound isolated.

EXAMPLE 2 N-(2.4-Dichlorophenyl)tetrahydro-4H- 1.3 ,4-oxadiazine-4-carbothioamide

1.72 g (6.20 mmol) N-amino-N-(2-hydroxyedιyl)-N'-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)dιiourea was suspended in 40 mL methylene chloride. 0.52 g (37% aqueous, 6.4 mmol) formaldehyde and a small quantity of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added before the reaction mixture was heated for 17 h in a Dean-Stark apparatus. The solvent was then removed and d e desired product isolated.

EXAMPLE 3 l-r(2.4-Dichlorophenyl)iminoldihvdro-lH.3H.5H-π.3.41thiadia zolor3.4-c1- fl .3.41oxadiazin-3-one

1.8 g (6.2 mmol) N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)tetrahydro-4H-l,3,4-oxadiazine-4- carbothioamide was dissolved in 30 mL toluene and 1 mL triethylamine in the presence of a small quantity of activated charcoal at 0-5°C. 3.49 g (6.81 mmol) phosgene as 20% solution in 30 mL toluene was added dropwise over 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was then left to warm up to room temperature and stirred overnight. The activated charcoal was removed by filtration and die solvent evaporated in vacuo. The desired product was isolated after chromatography on silica gel.

EXAMPLE 4 3-rr4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-(l-methylethoxy)phenyl1imino1-6-fluo rotetrahydro-lH.3H- pyrrolor 1 ,2-clthiazol- 1 -one

A mixture of 1.31 g (0.01 mol) 4-fluoroproline, 30 mL 2N KOH in medianol and

10 mL water is prepared before 2.46 g (0.01 mol) 4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-isopropoxy- phenylisothiocyanate dissolved in 250 mL methanol is added dropwise. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature, the aqueous phase adjusted to pH 2 and the resultant product (3.77 g, See Formula X) is filtered. The compound thus obtained is dissolved in 50 mL acetonitrile before 2.59 g (0.01 mol)

dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at room temperature. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 h and the crude product is purified by silica gel chromatography to give 3.24 g (85% yield) of die desired product.

EXAMPLE 5 3-ff4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-(propynyloxy)phenvnimino1-6-fluorote trahydro- lH.3H-ρyrrolon .2-clthiazol-l-one

A mixture of 3.18 g (0.01 mol) 3-[[4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-(l -methyledιoxy)phenyl]- imino]-6-fluorotetrahydro-lH,3H-pyrrolo[l,2-c]dιiazol-l-one , 6.95 g (0.05 mol) potassium carbonate, 1.78 g (12.0 mmol) propargyl bromide and 60 mL acetonitrile is stirred for 20 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture is adjusted to pH 2 witii 5% aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted widi dieti yledier (3 15 mL). The organic phase is then dried, die solvent distilled off in vacuo and die crude product purified on a silica gel column.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

Table 12

Table 13

Id

Table 14

Id

Formulations

Practical formulations of compounds of Formula I can be manufactured in a conventional manner, namely as powders, granules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders and emulsifiable concentrates, etc. Many of these formulations can be used directly. Sprayable preparations can be diluted with suitable media and sprayed in quantities of a few to several hundred litres per hectare. Highly concentrated preparations are mainly used as intermediate products for further formulations. The formulations contain roughly between 0.1 and 99% by weight of active substance(s) and at least one carrier from the group a) 0.1 to 20% surfactant substances and b) about 1 to 99.9% solid or liquid diluents. More precisely, they contain these constituents in approximately the quantities stated below, where the formulations can be mixed with further active substances or additives.

^♦ Active substance plus a carrier comprising at least one surfactant and/or diluent = 100 weight-%.

Lower or higher active substance contents can of course be present, depending on the anticipated use and the physical properties of the compound. Higher quantity ratios of surfactant component to active substance are sometimes desirable and are attained by incorporation into the formulation or by mixing in the container.

Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins et al., Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, New Jersey, though other mined or industrially prepared solid substances can also be used. The more absorbent diluents are preferred for wettable powders whilst the denser diluents are preferred for dry powders. Typical liquid diluents and solvents are described in Marsden, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, (1950) and are preferred for concentrated suspensions under 0.1%. Concentrated solutions are preferabfy resistant to phase separation at 0°C. Lists of surfactant substances and applications recommended for these are contained in McCutchen 's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, New Jersey and in Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents, Chemical Publishing Co. Inc., New York, (1964). All formulations may contain small quantities of additives for reducing frothing, agglomeration, corrosion and growth of microorganisms etc. The methods for preparation of such products are well known. Solutions are prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. Finely powdered solid preparations are obtained by mixing and, usually, by grinding, for example in a hammer mill or jet mill. Suspensions are obtained by wet grinding (see for example Littler, U.S. Patent 3,060,084). Granules and pellets can be prepared by spraying the active substance onto preformed granular carriers or by agglomerating them . For these see

J.E Browning, Agglomeration, Chemical Engineering, December 4, (1967), p 147 ff. and Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, (1973), pp 8-57 ff.

For further information on formulation technology see for example: H. M. Loux, U.S. Patent 3,235,361, 15 February 1966, column 6, line 16 to column 7, line 19 and Examples 10 to 41;

R.W. Luckenbaugh, U.S.Patent 3,309,192, 14 March 1967, column 5, line 43 to column 7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166, 167 and 169-182; H. Gysin and E. Knusli, U.S. Patent 2,891,855, 23 June 1959, column 3, line

66 to column 5, line 17 and Examples 1-4;

G.C. Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, (1961), pp 81-96 and

J.D. Fryer and S.A.Evans, Weed Control Handbook, 5th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, (1968), pp 101-103.

Unless stated otherwise, the figures given in the following Examples are parts by weight.

Example A Wettable powder l-[(2,4-Dichloroρhenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadi azolo[3,4-c]-

[l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 80%

Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 2%

Sodium ligninsulfonate 2%

Synthetic amorphous silicic acid 3% Kaolinite 13%

The ingredients are mixed together and ground in a hammer mill until all the solids essentially have a particle size of less than 50 μm, after which they are mixed again and packed.

Example B Wettable powder l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]- [l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 50%

Sodium alkytoaphthalenesulfonate 2%

Low-viscosity methylcellulose 2% Diatomic earth 46%

The ingredients are mixed, coarsely ground in a hammer mill and then ground in a jet mill so that practically all particles have a diameter of less than 10 μm. The product is then mixed again before packing.

Example C Granulate

Wettabje powder of Example B 5 %

Attapulgite granulate 95 % (USS 20 - 40 mesh; 0.84 - 0.42 mm)

A slurry of wettable powder with 25 % solid substances is sprayed into a double cone mixer and the granules are then dried and packed.

Example D Extrusion-pressed pellets l-[(2,4-Dichloroρhenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadi azolo[3,4-c]-

[l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 25%

Anhydrous sodium sulfate 10%

Crude calcium ligninsulfonate 5%

Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate " 1% Calcium/magnesium bentonite 59%

The ingredients are mixed together, ground in a hammer mill and then moistened with about 12% water. The mixture is extrusion-pressed into cylinders with a diameter of about 3 mm which are then cut up into pellets of a length of about 3 mm. These can be used directly after drying; however, the dried pellets can be ground up so that the ground particles pass through a USS No. 20 sieve (mesh diameter 0.84 mm). The granules remaining on a sieve of USS No. 40 (mesh diameter 0.42 mm) can be packed for use, whilst the fine particles are recycled.

Example E Granulate of low tensile strength l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]-

[l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 1%

N _^ N-Dimethylformamide 9%

Attapulgite granulate (USS sieves 20 to 40) 90%

The active substance is dissolved in the solvent and the solution is sprayed on to dust-free granules in a double-cone mixer. After spraying of the solution the mixer is left running for a further short time, after which the granules are packed.

Example F Granulate l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]- [l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 80%

Wetting agent 1%

Crude ligninsulfonate (with 5-20 % of the natural sugars) 10%

Attapulgite clay 9%

The ingredients are mixed and ground until they pass through a 100-mesh sieve. This material is then put in a fluid bed granulator, where the airflow is adusted so that the material is easily whirled up and a fine water jet is sprayed on to the whirled up material. Huidisation and spraying are continued until granules of the desired size are obtained.

Spraying is then stopped, but fluidisation is continued, optionally with heating, until the water content has fallen to the desired level, which is generally below 1%. The material is then drawn off and the desired granule size range (usually 1410 to 149 μm) is obtained by sieving on 14- to 100-mesh sieves, after which the granules are packed for use. Example G

Aqueous suspension l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]- [l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 40.0%

Polyacrylic acid-based thickener 0.3% Dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 0.5%

Disodium phosphate 1.0%

Monosodium phosphate 0.5%

Polyvinyi alcohol 1.0%

Water 56.7% The ingredients are mixed and ground together in a sand mill to obtain particles essentially of a size of less than 5 μm.

Example H Strong concentrate l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]- [l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 99.0%

Silicic acid-Aerogel 0.5%

Synthetic amorphous silicic acid 0.5%

The ingredients are mixed and ground in a hammer mill to obtain material that passes through a USS sieve No. 50 (0.3 mm aperture). The concentrate may if necessary also contain further ingredients.

Example I Wettable powder l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]- [1 ,3 ,4]oxadiazin-3-one 90.0% Dioctylsodiύm sulphosuccinate 0.1% .

Synthetic fine silicic acid 9.9%

The ingredients are mixed and ground in a hammer mill to obtain particles essentially of a size of less than 100 μm. The material is sieved through a USS No. 50 sieve and then packed. Example J

Wettable powder l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]-

[1 ,3 ,4]oxadiazin-3-one 40%

Sodium Ugninsulfonate 20% Montmorillonite clay 40%

The ingredients are thoroughly mixed, coarsely ground in a hammer mill, then ground in an air-jet mill to obtain particles essentially of a size of less than 10 μm and then mixed again and packed.

Example K Suspension in oil l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]- [l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 35%

Mixture of polyalcohol carboxylic acid esters and oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates 6% Xylene 59%

The ingredients are mixed and ground in a sand mill to obtain particles essentially of a size of less than 5 um. The product can be used as it is or diluted with oil or emulsified in water.

Example L Fine powder l-[(2,4-Diclιlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiad iazolo[3,4-c]- [l,3,4Joxadiazin-3-one 10%

Attapulgite 10%

Pyrophyllite 80% The active substance is mixed with attapulgite and then passed through a hammer mill to obtain particles of essentially less than 200 μm in diameter. The ground concentrate is then mixed with the powdered pyrophyllite until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

Example M Suspension in oil l-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]dihydro-lH,3H,5H-[l,3,4]thiadia zolo[3,4-c]- [l,3,4]oxadiazin-3-one 25%

Polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate 5%

High molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon oil 70% The ingredients are ground together in a sand mill until the size of the solid particles is below about 5 μm. The resultant thick suspension can be used as it is, though it is preferably used after dilution with oils or after emulsification in water.

Application The compoimds of the invention are active weedkillers. They are used for wide-range weed control in the pre- and/or post-germination period in areas in which complete control of all vegetation is desirable, such as, for example, around industrial plants, warehouses, car parks, reclaimed land, fenced areas, roads and railway lines. Some of these compounds are used for selective weed control in crops such as rice, wheat, oats, maize, soybeans, sugar-beet, cotton and groundnuts. The compounds of the invention are active weedkillers for selective and/or general weed control of

dicotyledonous weeds and grasses in all plantation crops, including coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, oil palms, rubber, citrus fruits, grapes, fruit trees, nut trees, bananas, plantain, pineapples and conifers such as Scots and other pines and spruces.

The compounds can be used in the pre- and/or post-germination period using techniques such as 'banding', direct spraying or broadcast sowing. The applied quantities are determined by a number of factors, including whether they are used as general herbicides, the environment in which they are used, the crop being treated, the types of weeds to be controlled, the weather at the time and the climate in general, the choice of formulation, the method of application, foliage stage, and the like. The quantity of the compounds of the invention that appears optimum to the expert can thus be selected for use in areas where complete control of the entire vegetation is desirable, such as, for example, around storage tanks, industrial plants, advertising areas, roads, railway lines, and fencing. Alternatively, when the correct quantities have been selected fςr application, the compounds of the invention can be used for selective weed control in plantations for groundnuts, citrus fruits, sugar cane, coffee, oil palms, rubber, cocoa, grapes, fruit trees, nut trees, pineapples and bananas. The compounds in question are generally applied in quantities of between 0.001 to 20 kg/hectare, the preferred application quantity being 0.01 to 2 kg/hectare.

The compounds of the invention can be used in combination with other herbicides which are listed below. They are particularly useful in combination with triazines, triazoles, uracils, ureas, amides, carbamatεs, bipyridyl and phenoxy compounds, sulphone ureas and imidazoles for total control of vegetation in plantation and other crops. The compounds can also be used in combination with mefluidide, glyphosate or gluphosinate. A mixture of one or more of the following herbicides with a compound of the invention can be particularly useful for weed control. Examples of other herbicides with which the compounds of the invention can be formulated are:

Acetochlor, acifluorfen, acrolein, 2-propenal, alachlor, ametryn, amidosulfuron, ammonium sulfamate, amitroles, Anilofos, asulam, atrazines, Barban, Benefin, bensulfuron methyl, bensulides, bentazone, benzofluorine, Benzoylprop, Bifenox, bromacil, bromoxynil, bromoxynil heptanoate and octanoate, butachlor, buthidazoles, butraline, butylates, cacodylic acid, 2-chloro-N,N-di-2-propenyl-acetamide, 2-chloroallyldiethyldithiocarbamate, Chloramben, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorimuron ethyl, chlormethoxynil, chlornitrofen, chloroxuron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlortoluron, cinmethylin, cinosulftiron, Clethodium, clomazone, cloproxydim, clopyralid, methylarsonic acid or the corresponding calcium salt, cyanazines, cycloates, cyluron, Cyperquat, cyprazines, cyprazoles, cypromid, Delapon,

dazomate, dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-l,4-dibenzenedicarboxylate, Desmedipham, Desmetryn, Dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, Diclofop, diethatyl, Difenzoquat, difluferiican, dimepiperates, dinitramines, Dinoseb, diphenamid, Dipropetryn, Diquat, diuron, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, methylarsonic acid disodium salt, Dymron, Endothall, S-ethyldipropylcarbamothioate, Esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron methyl, ethofiimesate, Fenac, Fenoxaprop, fenuron, fenuron trichloroacetate, Flamprop, Fluazifop, Fluazifop-P, fluchloralin, Flumesulam, Flumipropyn, fluometuron, fluorochloridone, fluorodifen, fiuoroglycofen, flupoxam, fluridones, Fluroxypyr, fluzasulfuron, Fomasafen, fosamines, glyphosates, Haloxyfop, hexaflurates, hexazinones, imazamethabenz, Imazethapyr, imazosulfiiron, loxynil, isopropalin,. isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, karbutilate, lactofen, Lenacil, linuron, metobenzuron, metsulfuron methyl, methylarsonic acid, monoammonium methylarsonate, (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid, S,S'-dimemyl-2-(difluorome l))-4-(2-me ylpropyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5- pyridinedicarbothioate, Mecoprop, Mefenacet, mefluidides, methalpropalin, methabenzthiazuron, Metham, methazoles, methoxuron, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, l,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione, molinates, monolinuron, monuron, monuron trichloro¬ acetate, monososodium methylarsonate, napropamides, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, nitralin, nitrofen, nitrofluorofen, Norea, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorofen, Paraquat, pebulates, pendimethalin, perfluidone, phenmedipham, picloram, 5-[2-chloro- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitroacetophenone oxime-O-acetic acid methyl ester, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, procyazines, profluralin, prometon, Prometryn, pronamides, propachlor, propanil, propazines, Propham, prosulfalin, Prynachlor, pyrazolates, pyrazon, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, Quinchlorac, Quizalofop ethyl, rimsulfiiron, secbumeton, sethoxydim, siduron, simazines, l-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-3-(4-metlιylphenyl)urea, sulfometuron methyl, trichloroacetic acid, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbuchlor, terbuthylazines, terbutol, Terbutryn, thifensulfuron methyl, thiobencarb, triallates, trialkoxydim, triasulfuron, tribenuron methyl, triclopyr, tridiphans, trifluralin, trimeturon, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, vernolates and xylachlor. Results for Tests A-D are given in Tables A-D.

Index Table A

Compound 4: mp 151°C Compound 5: oil

Compound 6: R ⁷ = (3, oil Compound 8: mp 162°C Compound 7: R ⁷ = H, oil

^al H NMR data for oils are given in Index Table B.

INDEX TABLE B

Cmpd No. lH MR Data ^a

1 Me ₂ SO-d ₆ 4.11 (t,2H), 4.50 (t,2H), 5.18 (s,2H), 6.98 (d,2H), 7.37

(d,2H). Me ₂ SO-d ₆ Two isomers: 3.82 and 4.01 (2t,2H), 4.12 and 4.53

(2t,2H), 5.17 and 5.22 (2s,2H), 7.10 (2d,lH), 7.30-7.35

(m,lH), 7.50 and 7.56 (2d,lH). cr>α ₃ 3.85 (t,2H), 4.05 (t,2H), 5.16 (s,2H), 7.07 (s,lH), 7.53

(s,lH). coα ₃ 1.85-1.98 (m,lH), 2.08-2.22 (m,lh), 2.22-2.37 (m,2H),

3.55-3.65 (m,lH), 4.00-4.11 (m,lH), 4.54 (dd,lH), 6.84

(d,lH), 7.17 (d,lH), 7.40 (s,lH).

CDα ₃ 1.85-1.95 (m,lH), 2.08-2.19 (m,lH), 2.20-2.35 (m,2H),

3.51-3.61 (m,lH), 3.95-4.08 (m,lH), 4.52 (dd.lH), 7.01

(s,lH), 7.43 (s,lH).

CDC1 ₃ 1.85-1.98 (m,lH), 2.08-2.22 (m,lh), 2.22-2.37 (m,2H),

3.55-3.65 (m,lH), 4.00-4.11 (m,lH), 4.54 (dd,lH), 6.84 '

(d,lH), 7.17 (d,lH), 7.40 (s,lH). ^J H NMR data are in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane and were measured at 500 MHz. Couplings are designated by s-singlet, d-doublet, t-triplet, m-multiplet, dd-doublet of doublets.

TEST A Seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgar e), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-gallϊ), bedstrafw (Galium aparine), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), cheatgrass (Bromus secalinus), chickweed (Stellaria media), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), corn (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii), momingglory (Ipomoea hederacea), rape (Brassica napus), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), soybean (Glycine max), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastϊ), wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), wild oat (Avenafatua) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers were planted and treated preemergence with test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. At the same time, these crop and weed species were also treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals. Plants ranged in height from two to eighteen cm (one to four leaf stage) for postemergence treatments. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for twelve to sixteen days, after which all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table A, are based on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is no effect and 10 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

COMPOUND 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0 5 2 2 2 5 8 7 9 7 8 8 3 9 3 9 2 2 3 7 10 9 9 9 10 10 5 9 5 10 3 3 3 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 9 10 0 7 2 1 1 4 9 8 9 8 9 8 4 4 - 9 3 4

0 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 8 10 7 6

5 10 6 5 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

2 7 2 2 2 2 8 8 9 8 8 9 2 4 9 10 9 8 9 10 10 9- 10 10 10 10 10 10 3' - 2 3 2 7 8 9 9 9 9 9 7 4

1 5 1 0 0 4 6 8 8 6 -

3 9 2 1 2 6 8 9 9 9 9 9 6 6

6 10 5 6 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 6 5 0 4 0 0 4 6 7 3 4 7 1 1

4 10 4 2 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

2 9 1 0 0 4 10 9 9 9 10 9 4 4

2 8 3 3 3 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 7

3 10 3 3 3 10 9 9 10 9 10 10 8 9 3 10 5 6 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 8 7 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 7 0 0 1 5 6 8 9 8 9 9 4 9 9 10 7 8 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 7 1 0 1 5 7 8 9 7 9 8 3 8

Table A COMPOUND

Rate 200 g/ha 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Preemergence

Barley 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 6 5 6 2 6 2 0 1

Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 10 3 6

Bedstraw 0 2 0 10 0 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Blackgrass 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 7 4 6 4 7 8 3 1

Cheatgrass - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 8 3 1

Chickweed 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 6 0

Cocklebur 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 3 10 10 10 9 10 9 8 8

Corn 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 6 7 8 2 6 6 2 1

Cotton 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 9 10 10 10 10 10 7 10

Crabgrass 4 3 2 9 0 0 0 0 9 10 10 9 10 10 8 4

Downy brome 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 6 - - - -

Giant foxtail 0 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 8 9 10 5 3

Morningglory 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 7

Nutsedge - 0 0 .0 0 - 0 - - 10 7 9 4 7 9 8

Rape 0 2 0 10 0 0 0 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10

Rice 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 6 7 8 3 9 9 0 3

Sorghum 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 6 7 5 9 9 0 2

Soybean 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 8 10 10 10 10 10 2 2

Sugarbeet 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Velvetleaf 10 8 7 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Wheat 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 2 6 3 7 3 7 6 1 2

Wild buckwheat 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 2 10 10 10 10 10 10 7 6

Wild oat 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 4 7 7 9 6 9 8 3 0

TESTB Seeds of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), cocklebur (Xanthium pensyϋ>anicum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), giant foxtail (Setariafaberiϊ), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and wild oat (Avenafatua) were planted into a sandy loam soil and treated preemergence, or with a soil drench (PDRN), with test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. At the same time, these crop and weed species were also treated postemergence, or sprayed to runoff (STRO), with test chemicals. Plants ranged in height from two to eighteen cm and were in the two to three leaf stage 0 for the postemergence treatment. Treated plants and untreated controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately eleven days, after which all treated plants were compared to untreated controls and visually evaluated for injury. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table B, are based on a 0 to 10 scale where 0 is no effect and 10 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test results.

Table B COMPOUND Table B COMPOUND

Rate 2000 g/ha 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rate 1000 g/ha 1 2 3 4 5 6

Preemergence Postemergence

Barnyardgrass 8 9 0 9 0 4 0 9 Barnyardgrass 8 5 4 10 2 3 9

Cocklebur 5 4 3 10 0 0 0 10 Cocklebur 7 7 2 10 4 1 10 Crabgrass 8 9 7 10 1 0 0 9 Crabgrass 8 6 4 10 2 2 10 Downy brome 2 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 Downy brome 3 2 1 6 0 0 4 Giant foxtail 9 9 4 10 3 0 0 9 Giant foxtail 9 7 3 10 3 3 10 Morningglory 3 4 2 10 0 0 0 10 Morningglory 8 9 9 10 8 9 8 10 Sorghum 4 8 0 10 0 0 0 8 Sorghum 3 4 3 9 2 3 3 6 Velvetleaf 10 10 7 10 0 0 0 10 Velvetleaf 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Wild oats 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 7 Wild oats 2 3 1 9 3 2 2 7

TEST C The compounds evaluated in this test were formulated in a non-phytoxic solvent and applied to the soil surface before plant seedlings emerged (preemergence application), to water that covered the soil surface (flood application), and to plants that were in the one-to-four leaf stage (postemergence application). A sandy loam soil was used for the preemergence and postemergence tests, while a silt loam soil was used in the flood test. Water depth was approximately 2.5 cm for the flood test and was maintained at this level for the duration of the test. Plant species in the preemergence and postemergence tests consisted of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), barley (Hordeum vulgare), bedstraw (Galium aparine), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), chickweed (Stellaria media), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), corn (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), giant foxtail (Setariafaberii), johnsongrass (Sorghum halpense), morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), rape (Brassica napus), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), soybean (Glycine max), speedwell (Veronica persica), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), and wild oat (Avenafatua). All plant species were planted one day before application of the compound for the preemergence portion of this test. Plantings of these species were adjusted to produce plants of appropriate size for the postemergence portion of the test. Plant species in the flood test consisted of rice (Oryza sativa), umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis), duck salad (Heteranthera limosa), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Late watergrass (Echinocloa oryzicola) grown to the 1 and 2 leaf stage for testing. All plant species were grown using normal greenhouse practices. Visual evaluations of injury expressed on treated plants, when compared to untreated controls, were recorded approximately fourteen to twenty one days after application of the test compound. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table C, were recorded on a 0 to 100 scale where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means, no test result.

Table C Compound

Rate 62 g/ha 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Postemergence

Barley 35 30 30 40 65 35 60 50 20 30

Barnyardgrass 40 40 90 90 95 95 95 95 10 80

Blackgrass 50 40 70 45 80 50 95 75 40 20

Chickweed 95 95 100 100 100 90 100 85 75 25

Cocklebur 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Corn 25 30 45 35 60 25 55 50 20 30

Cotton 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Crabgrass 40 20 55 65 80 45 90 85 25 20

Downy brome 50 40 35 35 35 25 50 35 20 0

Duck salad 0 0 20 90 30 50 25 - 40 0

Galium 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 90 90 35

Giant foxtail 70 50 85 80 95 90 95 95 35 60

It. ryegrass 50 30 60 70 95 60 95 75 25 0

Johnsongrass 90 50 90 90 95 90 95 90 45 80

Morningglory 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100

Rape 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Redroot pigweed 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Rice japonica 95 10 100 90 95 75 65 - 40 10

Soybean 90 95 95 75 100 85 100 90 100 70

Speedwell 100 100 100 - 100 100 100 100 - 95

Sugar beet 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Umbrella sedge 0 0 90 100 85 100 80 - 65 0

Velvetleaf 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Watergrass-2 70 10 100 95 100 90 95 - 50 10

Wheat 35 30 - 35 75 40 75 35 40 .20

Wild buckwheat 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Wild oat 50 40 40 70 90 40 90 75 25 25

Barnyardgrass-2 10 0 100 95 100 85 75 - 75 10

Table C Compound

Rate 31 g/ha 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Postemergence

Barle^ 35 30 30 40 50 30 50 40 20 20

Barnyardgrass 35 30 40 90 85 85 95 95 10 80

Blackgrass 40 30 35 40 80 35 80 65 35 20

Chickweed 80 80 100 100 100 70 100 70 60 25

Cocklebur 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80

Corn 25 25 30 30 35 20 35 35 15 25

Cotton 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Crabgrass 30 20 55 50 65 40 45 50 20 0

Downy brome 40 30 10 35 30 20 35 35 20 0

Duck salad 0 0 15 85 30 0 0 45 25 0

Galium 100 100 100 - 100 80 100 90 85 0

Giant foxtail 50 45 85 70 80 40 90 90 25 40

It. ryegrass 40 25 30 60 90 30 80 70 20 0

Johnsongrass 90 40 45 80 95 50 90 90 30 70

Morningglory 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 85

Rape • 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50

Redroot pigweed 100 - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 85

Rice japonica 85 10 90 70 70 45 40 65 35 10

Soybean 90 95 95 65 95 85 100 90 55 60

Speedwell 100 100 100 - 100 100 - ^• 100 - 95

Sugar beet 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Umbrella sedge 0 0 70 100 85 85 40 80 0 0

Velvetleaf 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Watergrass-2 55 0 90 95 100 60 70 85 45 10

Wheat 30 30 30 35 50 35 60 35 35 \ 20

Wild buckwheat 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Wild oat 35 30 30 65 90 30 80 70 20 10

Barnyardgrass-2 0 0 100 90 95 80 60 90 65 10

Redroot pigweed 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80

Rice japonica 55 0 50 25 30 30 35 60 20 10

Soybean 85 95 85 65 85 75 85 80 55 45

Speedwell 100 90 100 - - 100 - 100 70 90

Sugar beet 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 65

Umbrella sedge 0 0 10 90 35 20 0 50 0 0

Velvetleaf 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Watergrass-2 0 0 55 35 70 30 70 35 25 0

Wheat 25 25 20 25 40 35 40 30 35 , 10

Wild buckwheat 90 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 85

Wild oat 30 30 20 40 55 30 45 40 20 10

Barnyardgrass-2 0 0 95 40 65 20 25 60 50 0

TEST D Seeds of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), bindweed (Convolvulus althaeoides), black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum dunal), cassia (Cassia obtusifolia), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), corn (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium hirsutam), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), giant foxtail (Setariafaberii), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), prickly sida (Sida spinosa), shattercane (Sorghum vulgare), signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla), smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum), soybean (Glycine max), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), wild proso (Pancium miliaceum), wooly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa), yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescens), and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers were planted into a matapeake sandy loam soil. These crops and weeds were grown in the greenhouse until the plants ranged in height from two to eighteen cm (one to four leaf stage), then treated postemergence with the test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. Pots receiving these postemergence treatments were placed in the greenhouse and maintained according to routine greenhouse procedures. Treated plants and untreated controls were maintained in the greenhouse approximately 14-21 days after application of the test compound. Visual evaluations of plant injury responses were then recorded. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table D, are reported on a 0 to 100 scale where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control.

Table D Compound Table D Compound Rate 140 g/ha 9 Rate 70 g/ha 9 Preemergence Postemergence Barnyardgrass 95 Barnyardgrass 45 Bindweed 100 Bindweed 100 Blk nightshade 100 Blk nightshade 70

Cassia 100

Cocklebur 90

Corn 35

Cotton 100

Crabgrass 25

Fall panicum 35

Giant foxtail 40

Green foxtail 40

Jimsonweed 100

Johnson grass 40

Morningglory 100

Nutsedge 20

Pigweed 100

Prickly sida 95

Ragweed 75

Shattercane 45

Signalgrass 55

Smartweed 75

Soybean 90

Sunflower 100

Velvetleaf 100 Wild proso 40. ^•

Yellow foxtail 100 Wooly cup grass 35

Yellow foxtail 45

Table D Compound Table D Compound Rate 70 g/ha 9 Rate 35 g/ha 4 8 9 Preemergence Postemergence Barnyardgrass 75 Barnyardgrass 0 10 35 Bindweed 100 Bindweed 100 100 60 Blk nightshade 100 Blk nightshade 100 85 35

Cassia 100 100 65

Cocklebur 100 100 65

Corn 25 35 30

Cotton 100 100 100

Crabgrass 0 10 25

Fall panicum 0 0 30

Giant foxtail 0 15 30

Green foxtail 0 15 30

Jimsonweed 100 100 75

Johnson grass 0 15 35

Morningglory 100 100 65

Nutsedge 0 0 15

Pigweed 100 85 90

Prickly sida 65 75 35

Ragweed 100 90 20

Shattercane 15 10 30

Signalgrass 0 0 35

Smartweed 100 100 25

Soybean 80 80 50

Sunflower 70 100 60

Velvetleaf 100 100 75

Wild proso 15 '.0 35 Wooly cup grass 15 0 30

Yellow foxtail 0 15 30

Table D Compound Table D Compound Rate 35 g/ha 9 Rate 17 g/ha 4 8 9 Preemergence Postemergence Barnyardgrass 55 Barnyardgrass 0 5 35 Bindweed 20 Bindweed 85 100 40 Blk nightshade 100 Blk nightshade 95 75 30

Cassia 80 75 55

Cocklebur 85 100 60

Corn 20 30 25

Cotton 100 100 100 crabgrass 0 5 15

Fall panicum 0 0 25

Giant foxtail 0 15 25

Green foxtail 0 15 25

Jimsonweed 100 95 70

Johnson grass 0 10 .30

Morningglory 100 100 40

Nutsedge 0 0 15

Pigweed 90 75 90

Prickly sida 55 65 25

Ragweed 100 75 15

Shattercane 10 5 25

Signalgrass 0 0 30

Smartweed 100 90 25

Soybean 70 75 35

Sunflower 65 85 55

Velvetleaf 100 100 55

Wild proso 10 • 0 30 Wooly cup grass 10 0 25

Yellow foxtail 0 10 25

Table D Compound Table D Compound Rate 8 g/ha 9 Rate 4 g/ha 4 8 9 Preemergence Postemergence Barnyardgrass 0 Barnyardgrass 0 0 15 Bindweed 0 Bindweed 25 65 15 Blk nightshade 100 Blk nightshade 40 60 20

Cassia 20 35 10

Cocklebur 45 65 15

Corn 15 15 20

Cotton 75 100 100

Crabgrass 0 0 0

Fall panicum 0 0 10

Giant foxtail 0 0 10

Green foxtail 0 0 10

Jimsonweed 100 65 10

Johnson grass 0 0 15

Morningglory 95 60 10

Nutsedge 0 0 0

Pigweed 55 55 10

Prickly sida 25 15 0

Ragweed 35 40 0

Shattercane 0 0 10

Signalgrass 0 0 15

Smartweed 0 60 15

Soybean 40 60 15

Sunflower 55 45 40

Velvetleaf 55 45 15

Wild proso 0 . 0 20 Wooly cup grass 0 0 15

Yellow foxtail 0 0 10