The present invention relates to new penicillin derivatives having the potential of being effectively used against microbes and bacteria which have attained resistance to perform many useful pharmaceutical activities such as antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antimalarial, anticoagulant, antiviral, anticancer and antihypertensive, anticancerogenic, antifungal, trypanocidal, antisecretory, antidiarrheatic, antileukemic, cardiotonic, anticancer, and methods of preparation thereof.

Prior Art

Penicillin (Ampicillin) is one of the oldest and most commonly used antibiotics. It is the first medicine which has been used against bacterial infections. Many drugs that belongs to the class of penicillin. Penicillin is the most preferred antibiotics owing to their powerful action against infections, being cheap and having lesser toxic effects. Alexander Fleming discovered in the year 1928 in London that some bacteria species cannot reproduce around PenicHlium notatum species of mold fungi. Fleming who discovered the antibacterial this fungus has pioneered the development of penicillin which is one of the most useful drugs of the history of medicine.

Penicillin is being used effectively in many diseases such as peritonsillar abscess, bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, a portion of bladder and kidney inflammations, prostatic inflammation, inflammatory skin burns, pharyngitis, intraocular inflammation, bone inflammations, middle ear inflammations, mammary inflammation, brain abscess, meningitis, blood poisonings (septicemias), laryngitis.

The broad range of diseases in which penicillin are used therapeutically and the usage of them without paying attention to their dosages has developed resistance to this medicine in various microorganisms. Currently, the same disease can be treated by administering much higher doses of penicillin as compared to the past.

In recent years, studies are being performed to break the resistance of beta- lactamase enzyme producing bacteria against penicillin. In one of the developed methods, penicillin and sulbactam substance in the ratio of half thereof is combined. And in another technique, penicillin and potassium clavulanate which is the clavulanic acid powder is being applied by combining in a ratio of quarter thereof.

In patent document number TR2013 / 02167 related to the subject which is present in the prior art, antibacterial formulations developed to be used in the symptomatic and/or prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of infections of the upper respiratory tract or chronic middle ear inflammation originating from Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis tonsillo - pharyngitis and sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes; lower respiratory tract infections such as lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia caused by Steptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Morexella catarrhalis; skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are disclosed. The said formulations include the combination of a penicillin class beta - lactam antibiotic and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives with a penicillin class beta - lactamase inhibitor and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives.

In the patent document number US2014088069A1 which is another document present in the prior art, an antibacterial composition formed by the combination of a beta-lactam antibiotic having binding affinity for bacterial penicillin binding protein 2 and thienopyridine or a non - antibiotic compound which is not thienopyridine, and its use for therapeutic purposes is disclosed.

When the studies present in the prior art are reviewed, studies performed aimed at breaking the resistance formed against penicillin are based in general terms on combining different medicines.

In this respect, it is seen that a need is present for new penicillin derivatives which are suitable for use as a standalone antibacterial medicine, which increases patient’s compliance, whose efficacy on resistant bacteria as compared to penicillin has been enhanced, and novel methods aimed at the production of the same.

Brief description of the invention The present invention relates to penicillin derivatives which meet the above- mentioned requirements, which eliminate all disadvantages and which offer some additional advantages, and a method for synthesizing the same.

The prioritized objective of the invention is to obtain imidazol (parabanic acid) and pyrimidine based new penicillin derivatives which are not present in the literature.

Another objective of the invention is to obtain penicillin derivatives suitable to be used in the treatment of medical diseases such as cancer, bacterial diseases and diabetes.

Another objective of the invention is to develop methods related to synthesizing of new penicillin derivatives which facilitate the treatment by breaking the resistance of the bacteria against penicillin.

Another objective of the invention is to obtain imidazole (parabanic acid) and pyrimidine based new acetic acid derivatives which are not present in the literature. In order to fulfil the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention is penicillin derivatives having any of the chemical formulae below; wherein

Ri and R2 represent 4, 5, 6, 7 - membered aromatic, heterocyclic or carbon D and/or L at which R2 is bonded; R and/or S isomer alkyl groups

A represents Cl, OR, NH2, NHR, NRR or 4, 5, 6, 7 - membered aromatic, heterocyclic or alkyl groups or metal salts which do not possess toxic properties

X represents the O or S element. The invention is also a method for synthesizing penicillin derivatives comprising the steps of; i. obtaining amino acid-based urea derivative from the reaction of amino acid with isocyanate or thioisocyanate ii. obtaining parabanic acid ester derivative from the reaction of amino acid- based urea derivative with oxalyl chloride iii. conversion of parabanic acid ester derivative to parabanic acid derivative by hydrolysis iv. conversion of parabanic acid derivative to parabanic acetyl chloride by chlorination v. obtaining a parabanic acid-based penicillin derivative from the reaction of parabanic acetyl chloride with the 6 - aminopenicillinic acid (6 - APA) compound.

The invention is also another method for synthesizing penicillin derivatives comprising the steps of; i. obtaining amino acid-based urea derivative from the reaction of amino acid with isocyanate or thioisocyanate ii. obtaining pyrimidine based acetic acid ester derivative from the reaction of amino acid-based urea derivative with malonyl chloride iii. conversion of pyrimidine based acetic acid ester derivative to pyrimidine based acetic acid derivative by hydrolysis iv. conversion of pyrimidine based acetic acid derivative to pyrimidine-based acetyl chloride by chlorination v. obtaining a pyrimidine-based penicillin derivative from the reaction of pyrimidine-based acetyl chloride with the 6 - aminopenicillinic acid (6 - APA) compound. Structural and characteristic features of the invention and all of its advantages will be understood more clearly utilizing detailed description. Therefore, it should be appreciated by considering the detailed description.

Detailed Description of the Invention In this detailed description, penicillin derivatives and preferred embodiments of a method to synthesize the same are disclosed aimed at a better understanding of the subject and without forming any limiting effects.

The invention is the following penicillin derivatives having any of the chemical formulae; wherein

Ri and R2 represent 4, 5, 6, 7 - membered aromatic, heterocyclic or alkyl groups - A represents Cl, OR, NH2, NHR, NRR or 4, 5, 6, 7 - membered aromatic, heterocyclic or alkyl groups or metal salts which do not possess toxic properties

X represents the O or S element.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said penicillin derivatives are synthesized with a method comprising the steps of; i. obtaining amino acid-based urea derivative from the reaction of amino acid with isocyanate or thioisocyanate ii. obtaining parabanic acid ester derivative from the reaction of amino acid- based urea with oxalyl chloride iii. conversion of parabanic acid ester derivative to parabanic acid derivative by hydrolysis iv. conversion of parabanic acid derivative to parabanic acetyl chloride by chlorination v. obtaining a parabanic based penicillin derivative from the reaction of parabanic acetyl chloride with the 6 - aminopenicillinic acid (6 - APA) compound. In an embodiment of the invention, in process step number (i) phenylglycine methyl ester compound is reacted with phenyl thioisocyanate, and phenylglycine based urea derivative, more specifically 2 - phenyl - 2 - (3 - phenylthiourea) acetic acid ester is obtained. The respective reaction is as follows.

In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, phenylglycine based urea derivative is synthesized.

According to an embodiment of the method of invention, 2 - phenyl - 2 - (3 - phenylthiourea acetic acid ester which has been synthesized in process step number (i) is reacted with oxalyl chloride in process step number (ii) and 2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - (phenyl) acetic acid methyl ester is obtained as an intermediate product. In an embodiment of the invention, 2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - (phenyl) acetic acid methyl ester synthesized in process step number (ii) is converted to 2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - (phenyl) acetic acid derivative in process step number (iii) by hydrolysis. The respective reaction is as follows. In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, parabanic acid ester derivative is synthesized. In an embodiment of the invention, 2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - (phenyl) acetic acid obtained in process step number (iii) is chlorinated in process step number (iv) with a component selected from the group consisting of thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, and phosphorus trichloride. According to an embodiment, 2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - (phenyl) acetyl chloride is obtained preferably by chlorinating 2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - (phenyl) acetic acid. The respective reaction is as follows. In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, parabanic acetyl chloride derivative is synthesized.

In an embodiment of the invention, 2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - (phenyl) acetyl chloride synthesized in process step number (iv) is reacted with 6 - aminopenicillinic acid (6 - APA) compound or esters and amides thereof in process step number (v), and sodium 6 - (2 - (4, 5 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thiooxoimidazolidine - 1 - yl) - 2 - phenylacetamido) - 3, 3 - dimethyl - 7 - oxo - 4 - thya - 1 - aza - bicycle [3.2.0] heptane - 2 - carboxilate synthesis is attained. The synthesized said component is a new parabanic acid- based penicillin derivative which is not present in the literature. The respective reaction is as follows. In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, parabanic acid-based penicillin derivative is synthesized.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, said penicillin derivatives are synthesized with a method comprising the steps of; i. obtaining amino acid-based urea derivative from the reaction of amino acid with isocyanate or thioisocyanate ii. obtaining pyrimidine based acetic acid ester derivative from the reaction of amino acid-based urea derivative with malonyl chloride iii. conversion of pyrimidine based acetic acid ester derivative to pyrimidine based acetic acid derivative by hydrolysis iv. conversion of pyrimidine based acetic acid ester derivative to pyrimidine based acetyl chloride by chlorination v. obtaining a pyrimidine based penicillin derivative from the reaction of pyrimidine based acetyl chloride with the 6 - aminopenicillinic acid (6 - APA) compound .

In an embodiment of the invention, phenylglycine methyl ester compound is reacted with phenyl thioisocyanate in process step number (i), and phenylglycine based urea derivative, more specifically 2 - phenyl - 2 - (3 - phenylthiourea) acetic acid ester is obtained. The respective reaction is as follows.

In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, phenylglycine based urea derivative is synthesized. According to an embodiment of the method of invention, phenylglycine based urea derivative synthesized in process step number (i) is reacted with malonyl chloride in process step number (ii), and 2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetic acid methyl ester is obtained. In an embodiment of the invention, 2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetic acid methyl ester synthesized in process step number (ii) is converted to 2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetic acid derivative in process step number (iii) by hydrolysis. The respective reaction is as follows.

In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, pyrimidine based acetic acid ester derivative is synthetized.

In an embodiment of the invention, 2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetic acid obtained in process step number (iii) is chlorinated in process step number (iv) with a component selected from the group consisting of thyonyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, and phosphorus trichloride. According to an embodiment, 2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetyl chloride is obtained preferably by chlorinating 2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetic acid. The respective reaction is as follows. In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, pyrimidine-based acetyl chloride derivative is synthesized.

In an embodiment of the invention, 2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetyl chloride synthesized in process step number (iv) is reacted with 6 - aminopenicillinic acid (6 - APA) compound in process step number (v), and sodium 6 - (2 - (4, 6 - dioxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxo - tetrahydropyridine - 1 (2H) - yl) - 2 - phenylacetamido) - 3, 3 - dimethyl - 7 - oxo - 4 - thya - 1 - aza - bicycle [3.2.0] heptane - 2 - carboxylate synthesis is attained. The synthesized said component is a new penicillin derivative which is not present in the literature. The respective reaction is as follows.

In an embodiment of the method of the invention, in the reaction in which said S element has been replaced with the O element, pyrimidine-based penicillin derivative is synthesized.

Penicillin derivatives of the invention are suitable for use as a therapeutic medicine for medicinal diseases such as cancer, bacterial diseases and diabetes. Also, instead of 6 - APA all penicillin derivatives can be synthesized for these studies too.

It is conceived at the same time that these compounds will have many useful antiprotozoal pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antimalarial, antidiuretic, anticoagulant, antiviral, anticancer and antihypertensive, anticancerogenic, antifungal, trypanocidal, antisecretory, antileukemic,, cardiotonic, anticancer, and anticoagulant.

Structural characterization of the penicillin derivatives synthesized with the method of the invention has been done by FT - IR, ¹ H - NMR, ¹³ C - NMR, COSY - NMR and HETCOR - NMR techniques. For this purpose, phenylglycine methyl ester compound weighed in the stoichiometric ratios has been dissolved with dichloromethane (DCM). Equivalent molar amounts of phenylizothiocyanate and triethylamine (TEA) have been taken and added into the solution and the reaction has been mixed at room temperature (RT) for a period of 24 hours. At the end of the reaction, the solvent is removed from the rotavapor (rotary evaporator) and the oily portion is obtained. The oily portion is extracted in the presence of aqueous NaHCC>3 and ethyl acetate and the organic portion is taken and the sample has been obtained by removing ethyl acetate. Its characterization has been performed by various spectroscopic techniques after the drying process has been done.

A series of trials have been done to determine the conditions of the reaction of the obtained phenyl - 2 - (3 - phenylthiourea) acetic acid ester compound with oxalyl chloride or malonyl chloride. As a result of this, reaction conditions have been determined as the following.

After phenyl - 2 - (3 - phenylthiourea) acetic acid ester compound weighed in the stoichiometric ratios has been dissolved with acetonitrile, equivalent molar amounts of oxalyl chloride or malonyl chloride have been added over it and have been left at reflux for 6 hours. While the reaction is going on, equivalent molar amounts of the hydrochloric acid solution has been added at the end of the 6 ^th hour and the reaction has been completed. The oily portion has been crystallized from cyclohexane by removing the solvent from the rotavapor. Its characterization has been performed by various spectroscopic techniques after drying process has been done.

In another study, by adding thyonyl chloride over the acetic acid compound containing imidazol and pyrimidine ring weighed in the stoichiometric ratios the reaction has been continued for 48 hours in a water bath in stoichiometric ratio. Its characterization has been performed by various spectroscopic techniques at the end of the reaction after the drying process of the product is performed by crystallizing from xylene.

A series of trials have been done to determine the conditions of the reaction of 6 - APA compound; and as a result of this, reaction conditions have been determined as the following. By weighing with acetic acid chloride derivatives in equivalent molar amounts containing (6 - APA) compound and imidazol or pyrimidine ring weighed in the stoichiometric ratios, a few drops of TEA have been added over it. These have been placed inside a reaction flask and 30 ml of DCM have been added and stirred for 36 hours at room temperature under reflux. After removal of the solvent, the oily portion has been washed in ethyl acetate and diethyl ether and passed on to characterization by various techniques after the drying process has been completed.

At the end of all these characterization studies, it has been determined that penicillin derivatives of the invention having biologically active imidazol and pyrimidine rings are in the antibiotic structure which is suitable for use against bacterial infections.