The present invention relates to a peelable polymer blend or compound, a method for making the blend or compound and films, sheets and lamination products made from the blend or compound.

In the packaging industry it is conventional that a product is packaged in a plastic film or a rigid plastic package and the package is heat sealed. The seal must possess a mechanical resistance sufficient to maintain the tight-seal properties during storage and transport. It is required that the package can be opened without destroying the product inside but to a growing extend it must also be possible to open the package without destroying the integrity of the film itself. The seal must be easily openable with pulling by hands without scissors or other instruments, the seal must be peelable. The package can also be used after opening for instance as a serving or heating disk (yoghurt, micro- oven food) or the whole product is not taken away instantly but is kept in the open package ( candies, cereals).

The peelable seal can be defined to be the seal or joint between two films or sheets produced by heat sealing or impulse sealing, the joint thus formed having the property of being openable by pulling with hands. The seal can be between two films or two sheets or between a film or sheet and some substrate. Depending on the substrate an adhesion layer may sometimes be needed between the substrate and the sheet or film.

The use of peelable seals in different packages has come more common with the development of packaging technique. There is a special need in the food processing industry, where there are applications in all sections, e.g. dairy products (cheeses, yoghurt), frozen food products, ready-processed foods, canned foods, meat and meat products, different snack and sweet packages. A very fast growing group is ready processed foods and canned foods which are heated mainly in microwave oven. A great part of packed foods are heat-processed after packaging when the materials and seals must resist the processing conditions. On the other hand sterilisable packages are needed also elsewhere as in packaging medical instruments.

Aluminium films and metallised plastic films are now commonly used in closing the

heat-processable packages, e.g. containers.

In peelable compositions has most commonly been used as one component polybutylene and as another ethylene polymer, most often ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or low density polyethylene (LDPE). Also polypropylene can be included in the compositions. For instance in US patent 4.759.984 is given a polymer composition, where the main component is EVA (75-92 w-%) and minor amounts of polybutylene (6-25 w-%) and polypropylene (2-15 w-%) have been blended to it. Polyamide or polycarbonate are the most suitable substrates.

i the patent application EP 213.698 is given a composition, which consists of more than 50 w-% of polybutylene and the rest is polypropylene and an ethylene polymer (EVA, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE). In the European patent 178.061 is a polymer. blend where is 65-85 w-% homo- or copolymer of ethylene (preferably LDPE or EVA), 5-30 w-% polybutylene and 3-15 w-% propylene polymer.

Peelable polymer compositions based on polybutylene can also be sterilizable. In patent publication EP 339.990 is used 8-49 w-% polybutylene and 92-51 w-% polyethylene, which may also be functinalised with e.g. maleic anhydride.

The purpose of this invention is to achieve a novel polymer composition, which is sealable, peelable and also heat-processable. Characterising to the polymer composition according to the invention is that it is a blend of polyolefin and ethylene-hydro- xy(meth)acrylate consisting of 20-80 w-% polyolefin and 80-20 w-% ethylene- hydroxy(meth)acrylate co- or terpolymer, in which as one comonomer is 5-30 w-% hydroxyacrylate and as other comonomer 0-40 w-% vinyl compound.

The use of ethylene-hydroxyacrylate copolymer in sealable and peelable polymer compositions is especially advantageous, because the adhesion and cohesion properties resulting from hydrogen bonds can be utilised there. The polymer blend has good sealing properties lil e low sealing temperature and good adhesiveness to other polyolefins. The blends of ethylene-hydroxyacrylate copolymers and polyolefins are especially suitable

to be used in such applications, when packages are heat-processed after sealing. When using polymer blend according to this invention the seal strengths remain stable after the heat-processing and the seals are totally peelable.

In the ethylene-hydroxy(meth)acrylate copolymer in the composition according to the invention hydroxyacrylate can be any ester of glycol or polyglycol and acrylic or methacrylic acid, but in most cases hydroxyethylacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, hydroxypropylacrylate or hydroxypropylmethacrylate are used. The content of hydroxyacrylate in copolymer can be 30 w-% highest. Besides hydroxyacrylate the polymer may contain other comonomers like vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or their esters.

The polyolefin in the composition can be propylene polymer such as propylene homopolymer or random copolymer containing 1-10 w-% of α-olefin such as ethylene, 1-butene, 3-methylbutylene or 4-methyl-l-pentene. Propylene polymer can also contain 5-70 w-% of filler such as talc. Polyolefin can also be ethylene polymer such as low or high density polyethylene (LDPE, HDPE) or linear ethylene copolymer (LLDPE) containing 1-10 w-% α-olefin, e.g. 1-butene, 1-hexene or 4-methyl 1-pentene.

Polymer blend or compound is made by conventional blending methods like melt blending in one- or twin-screw extruder or in Banbury mixer. Also dry blending can be used.

Polymer blend can also contain small amounts of conventional polymer additives such as antioxidants, antiblocking agents, antistatic agents etc.

The composition according to the invention can be used in manufacturing conventional packages containing peelable seals. From the polymer composition can be produced oriented or non-oriented blow- or cast films or sheets which are peelable. Also multilayer structures where one layer is made of film or sheet of the composition can be produced. It is typical for the products according to the invention that seal strength

and peel strength are even in the whole sealing temperature area.

Peelable material described here can be sealed to itself or onto conventional materials used in packages, like polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride.- Also paperboard coated with plastic, e.g. polyethylene, can be used.

The invention is described more in detail in the following examples.

The peeling temperatures and seal strengths of the polymer compositions according to the invention were investigated in Examples 1-10. The following plastic materials were used in experiments:

HD-polyethylene = NCPE 7007

LD-polyethylene = NCPE 1804 random copolymer of propylene = XB18 50B (3 % ethylene) talc filled polypropylene = ET 6000 (60 % talc)

EHE A = NCPE 0465 (emylene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-copolymer, 9 % hyd- roxyethylmethacrylate)

EVAHEMA = NCPE 0469 (ethylene-vinyl ace&te _^ hydroxye ylmefliacrykte-terpolymer, 9 % hydroxyethylmethacrylate, 9 % vinyl acetate)

All above mentioned materials are produced by Neste Chemicals. The most important properties are given in table 1.

Table 1. Properties of materials

Example 1

50 % ethylene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-copolymer (EHEMA) and 50 % HD-poly- ethylene were blended in a twin-screw extruder (screw diameter 80 mm, length/diameter- ratio 45). The temperature profile in blending was 160-165-165-170-170-175-175-180 °C, power 325 kWh and production capacity 1200 kg/h.

The blend was blown to films in Reifenhauser 3-layer blown film equipment so that the material for the structural layer was in two extruders (polypropylene or HD-poly- ethylene) and the blend descibed above was in one extruder. So a 2-layer film was achieved, where the thickness of the stmctural layer was 100-150 μm and the thickness of the sealable, peelable layer was 10-30 μ . The blow-up ratio, BUR was 2,5. The temperature profile was 200-210-220-220-220-220-220 °C, the temperature in the die was 220 °C.

Films were sealed with KOPP's sealing machine, in which both upper and lower sealing

heads were heatable. Both straight and so called cup sealing heads (flat and profiled) were used. Sealing time was 0,5 s, sealing pressure 0,5 N/mm ² , width of the sealing head 10 mm (straigth sealing head) or 5 mm (flat cup sealing head).

Seals were tested with Hounsfield-testing equipment, if sealing was made with a straight sealing head. In that case the specimen was 25 mm broad and the unit of the seal strength was N/25 mm. If the seal was made with a cup sealing head, seals were tested with Instron testing equipment and the unit of tiie seal strength was N/package. A special device was developed to the Instron equipment to open the lid simulating the real opening. The specimen sealed with the cup sealing head were air-conditioned at least 24 hours in constant conditions (23 °C, relative humidity 50 %) before testing.

In tests the material was defined peelable if the film sealed to itself or onto thermofor- med tray or cup made out of conventional packaging materials could be easily opened by pulling with hands. In that case the opening force was about 2-10 N/25 mm or 2-10 N/package. The material was sealable, if to itself or onto tray sealed film could not be separated from the other film or tray.

In these experiments polypropylene was used as tray material.

Part of the films were also sealed with the Sentinel 24 ASG - laboratory sealing machine, in which only the upper sealing head was heatable. The sealing time was 0,5 s and sealing pressure 0,5 N/mm ² . The sealing head was 12 mm broad.

The sealing results are presented in table 2 as well as the results of examples 2-10.

Example 2.

50 % ethylene-hydroxyethymethacrylate (EHEMA) ja 50 % LD-polyethylene were blended, blown to films and sealed and tested in the method presented in example 1.

Example 3

50 % ethylene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (EHEMA) ja 50 % propylene random¬ copolymer (containing 2-4 % ethylene) were blended, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

Example 4

70 % ethylene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (EHEMA) ja 30 % propylene random- copolymer (containing 2-4 % ethylene) were blended, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

Example 5

50 % e lene-hydroxyethylmethac_ylate (EHEMA), 25 % propylene randomcopolymer (containing 2-4 % ethylene) and 25 % talc filled polypropylene (∞ntaining 60 % talc) were blended, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

Example 6

50 % ethylene-vinyl acetate-hydroxye ylmethacrylate-terpolymer (EVAHEMA) and 50 % propylene randomcopolymer (containing 2-4 % ethylene) were compounded, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

Example 7 (comparative example)

20 % polybutylene (PB 0110, Shell) and 80 % HD-polyethylene were blended, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

Example 8 (comparative example)

20 % polybutylene (PB 0110, Shell) and 80 % LD-polyethylene were blended, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

Example 9 (comparative example)

50 % polybutylene (PB 0110, Shell) and 50 % HD-polyethylene were blended, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

Example 10 (comparative example)

50 % polybutylene (PB 0110, Shell) and 50 % LD-polyethylene were blended, blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1.

When sealing films to themselves with the Sentinel sealing machine a very broad sealing area (> 100 °C) was obtained. With KOPP's machine sealing areas obtained were narrower (10-20 °C).

When sealing lids cut from different materials to polypropylene cups with the profiled sealing head, much lower sealing temperatures were obtained compared to the flat sealing head. Seal strengths did not vary much when using different sealing heads.

Table 2

Sealability and seal strengths

sl0=even sealing head sl3= rofiled sealing head * = thickness of the whole film 40 μm, wherefrom peelable layer 10 μm

In the examples 11-15 especially heat-processability was investigated.

Example 11

50 % ethylene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-copolymer (EHEMA) and 50 % propylene randomcopolymer (2-4 % ethylene) were dry blended.

The blend was blown to film by using Reifenhauser 3-layer-blown film equipment so that in one extruder was polypropylene (VB 1950K, Neste Chemicals) for the structural layer, in the other adhesion polymer (Modic P3000F, Mitsubishi PC) for the middle layer and in the third extruder the above mentioned blend. A 3-layer film was thus obtained where the thickness of structural layer was 20 μm, adhesion layer 10 μm and the thickness of the sealable peelable layer 10 μm. The blow-up ratio, BUR was oli 2,5. The temperature profile of the extruder was 200-210-220-220-220-220-220 °C, and the temperature in die was 220 °C.

The sealing temperatures of films were determined with the Sentinel 24 ASG-laboratory sealing machines in which only the upper sealing head was heatable. The sealing time was 0.5 s and the sealing pressure 0.5 N/mm ² . The width of the sealing head was 12 mm.

The peelable sealing temperature area is given in table 3.

In order to test the heat-processability the films were sealed with Mecapac-sealing machine as a lid to a multilayer container where the sealing layer was polypropylene. The container was filled with different food products (mashed potatoes, fat content 2.6 % or meat balls and sauce, fat contents 17 % ja 5 %) or water. Containers were kept for one week at the room temperature before the heat treatment, which was made in the Steriflow-autoclave by using two temperature profiles: 15 min in 121 °C for water containing containers and 40 min in 121 °C for containers containing mashed potatoes or meat balls and sauce.

Containers containing water were kept for three months both at room temperature (23 °C) and in refrigerator (5 °C). Containers containing mashed potatoes and meat balls at sauce were kept at room temperature for three months.

The seal strengths of lids were tested every month, first time one week after the heat treatment. Testing was made with the Lloyd's material testing equipment to which a special device was developed to open the whole package in a manner simulating reality. The unit of seal strength was then N/package.

Seal strengths in function of time are presented in figure 1.

Example 12

30 % ethylene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-copolymer (EHEMA) and 70 % propylene random-copolymer (2-4 % ethylene) were dry blended. The blend was blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1. The results are in table 3 and figure 2.

Example 13

50 % emylene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-copolymer (EHEMA), 25 % propylene random copolymer (2-4 % ethylene) and 25 % talc filled polypropylene were dry blended. The blend was blown to films and tested in the same method as in example 1. The results are in table 3 and figure 3.

Example 14 (comparative example)

10 % styrene modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (VMX X-150, Mitsubishi PC) and 90 % polyethylene were dry blended. VMX is a commercial material, sold for peelable applications.

The blend was blown to films in the same way as in example 1 except that in two

extruders was HD-polyethylene (NCPE 1910, Neste Chemicals), when it was obtained a 2-layer film, where the thickness of the stractural layer was 30 μm and of the sealable, peelable layer 10 μm. Heat-processability was tested as in example 11. The results are presented in table 3 and figure 4.

Example 15 (comparative example)

A film was made with the Reifenhauser 3-layer-film blowing equipment so that in two extruders was HD-polyethylene (NCPE 1910, Neste Chemicals) and in one extruder styrene modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (VMX X-202, Mitsubishi PC). The thickness of the obtained 2-layer film was 40 μm, structural layer 30 μm and sealable/peelable layer 10 μm. Heat-processability was tested as in example 11. The results are presented in table 3 and figure 5.

Table 3. Sealing temperature areas

The seal strengths of the lids made of films in examples 11-13 remained stable during the whole testing period and the strengt was about 10-15 N. All seals could be opened by peeling.

The lids made of films in comparative examples 14-15 sealed and did not open any more by peeling.