Description

Technical Field

The present invention is comprised in the field of microlens arrays, optical systems incorporating microlens arrays, light field images, light field cameras and plenoptic cameras.

Background Art

Plenoptic cameras are imaging devices capable of capturing not only spatial information but also angular information of a scene. This captured information is known as light-field which can be represented as a four-dimensional tuple LF(px, pyJxJy), where px and py select the direction of arrival of the rays to the sensor and lx, ly are the spatial position of these rays. A plenoptic camera is typically formed by a microlens array placed in front of a sensor.

This system is equivalent to capturing the scene from several points of view (the so- called plenoptic views); therefore, a plenoptic camera can be considered a multi-view system. Another system that can capture a light-field can be formed by an array of several cameras. Accordingly, information about the depths of the different objects (i.e., the distance between the object itself and the camera) of the scene is captured implicitly in the light-field. This capability of plenoptic cameras entails a wide number of applications concerning the depth map generation and 3D imaging.

In 2012, Lytro introduced the first single-assembly plenoptic camera commercially available in the international market, and three years later, the Lytro Ilium camera. Since this, no other light-field cameras have been launched to the consumer electronics market. The Lytro first plenoptic camera had a mechanical size along the optical axis of 12 cm, and the Lytro Ilium camera had an objective lens (like the DSLR cameras) of more than 12 cm, and a total size of about 20 cm. The improved optics of the Lytro Ilium camera, with a dedicated objective zoom lens of five group of lenses, allowed the Ilium camera to beat in performance the first Lytro camera. After these two incursions in consumer cameras, Lytro moved to a very different market: the cinema market, producing extremely large cameras in which the length of the optical system can be dozens of centimetres, with sensors of 755 megapixels and extremely heavy solutions. These cameras are not hand-held cameras but professional movie maker cameras to be held in tripods or heavy mechanical structures.

Besides Lytro, Raytrix has also launched to the market several products based on light- field technology targeting industrial applications. These cameras are large cameras with large objective lenses that ensure a good depth estimation performance.

In conclusion, light-field cameras have demonstrated high performance in terms of 3D imaging and depth sensing. However, plenoptic cameras have never been brought to the mobile devices market due to the fact that they are really difficult to miniaturize. Patent US 9,647, 150-B2 discloses a method of manufacturing miniaturized plenoptic sensors. However, as already explained, the smallest plenoptic camera launched to the consumer electronic market is the 12 cm Lytro camera.

Performance on plenoptic cameras depends on key optic design factors such as focal length and f-number, where a large focal length or a small f number can improve drastically the performance of the camera. Although small f numbers are easy to find in smartphone lenses, large focal lengths are very hard to design and manufacture fulfilling the smartphone market design rules due to the very small thicknesses of the modules that impose difficult constraints at the MTTL (Mechanical Total Track Length) of the cameras.

Besides, current smartphone market tends to reduce the dimensions of the mini cameras more and more each generation, increasing the difficulty to design large focal lengths. Therefore, there is a need to introduce the light-field technology into the smartphone market with an important increase in the focal length but at the same time fulfilling the mechanical constraints in terms of size of the smartphones.

Definitions:

Plenoptic camera: A device capable of capturing not only the spatial position but also the direction of arrival of the incident light rays. Multiview system: System capable of capturing a scene from several points of view. A plenoptic camera can be considered a multiview system. Stereo and multi-stereo cameras are also considered multiview systems.

Light field: four-dimensional structure LF(px, py, lx, ly) that contains the information from the light captured by the pixels (px, py) below the microlenses (lx, ly ) in a plenoptic camera.

Depth: distance between the plane of an object point of a scene and the main plane of the camera, both planes are perpendicular to the optical axis.

Plenoptic view: two-dimensional image formed by taking a subset of the light field structure by choosing a certain value (px, py), always the same (px, py) for every one of the microlenses (lx, ly).

Microlens array (MLA): array of small lenses (microlenses).

Depth map: two-dimensional image in which the calculated depth values of the object world are added as an additional value to every pixel (x,y) of the two- dimensional image, composing depth = f (x, y).

Disparity: Distance between two (or more) projections of an object point into a camera.

Baseline: Difference between the position of two (or more) cameras in a stereo (or multi-stereo) configuration.

Folded optics: optical system in which the optical path is bent through reflective elements such as prisms or mirrors, in a way that the system thickness is changed to reach a certain thickness specification.

OTTL (Optical Total Track Length): length of the optical path followed by light from the point it comes into the optical system and to the point it reaches the sensor.

MTTL (Mechanical Total Track Length): total length of the device required to include the mechanical parts of the optical system.

Prism or mirror: refers to the optical component used to reflect the light at a certain angle, bending the optical path of the light.

Summary of Invention

With the aim of introducing the light-field technology into the smartphone market, a new concept of plenoptic camera is herewith presented, wherein a prism or mirror or other reflective element is used to fold the optical path of the lens, allowing to design lenses with large focal lengths without increasing the thickness of the lens.

A first aspect of the present invention refers to a plenoptic camera for mobile devices comprising a main lens, a microlens array, an image sensor, and a first reflective element (preferably a prism or a mirror) configured to reflect the light rays captured by the plenoptic camera before arriving at the image sensor, so as to fold the optical path of the light captured by the camera before impinging the image sensor.

In an embodiment, the first reflective element is arranged to receive the captured light rays before arriving at the main lens. In another embodiment, the first reflective element is arranged to receive the light rays already focused by the main lens. When only using one reflective element, the optical axis of the main lens is preferably parallel to the surface of the image sensor (this way, the optical path may be deemed to be folded 90 degrees).

In another embodiment, the plenoptic camera comprises one or more further reflective elements (preferably prisms or mirrors) configured to reflect the light rays reflected by the first reflective element before arriving at the image sensor. The further reflective elements are therefore intercalated between the first reflective element and the image sensor, so as to further fold the optical path and help reducing the physical dimensions of the plenoptic camera in a determined axis.

The main lens may comprise a plurality of lens elements. In particular, the main lens may comprise a first set and a second set of lens elements, each set comprising one or more concentric lens elements. The physical arrangement of both sets of lens elements may be such that the optical axis of the first set of lens elements is perpendicular to the optical axis of the second set of lens elements and parallel to the image sensor. In an embodiment, the first reflective element is arranged between the first and the second set of lens elements. In another embodiment, the first reflective element is arranged to receive the captured light rays before arriving at the main lens, and the plenoptic camera comprises a second reflective element arranged between the first set and the second set of lens elements, wherein the second reflective element is configured to reflect the light rays reflected by the first reflective element and already focused by the first set of lens elements, before arriving at the image sensor. Another aspect of the present invention refers to a camera module for mobile devices that comprises the plenoptic camera previously described. This camera module can be, for instance, a separate part directly integrated into a smartphone (e.g. inserted in the smartphone or attached to the back case of the smartphone) by coupling means and electrical contacts. In the camera module, the components of the plenoptic camera are arranged such that the thickness of the camera module is lower than 10 mm.

A further aspect of the present invention refers to a mobile device, preferably a smartphone, comprising the plenoptic camera or the camera module previously described. In the mobile device, the image sensor of the plenoptic camera may be arranged such that the normal line of the image sensor is parallel to the back side of the mobile device. This way, the light path of the light rays captured by the camera is folded by the first reflective element (and, optionally, further reflective elements), which allows reducing the thickness of the mobile device. In the mobile device the components of the plenoptic camera are preferably arranged such that the thickness of the mobile device is lower than 10 mm.

Brief Description of Drawings

A series of drawings which aid in better understanding the invention and which are expressly related with embodiments of said invention, presented as non-limiting examples thereof, are very briefly described below.

Figure 1 A represents a schematic side view of a plenoptic camera system with an image sensor, a microlens array and a field lens, according to the prior art. Figure 1 B depicts, in a front view, the microimages produced by the microlenses over the image sensor. Figure 1 C shows the pixels forming one microimage of the image sensor.

Figure 2 illustrates the disparity between two projections of the same object point through two cameras separated from each other a baseline b.

Figure 3 shows the error in depth computations versus real distance of objects in the object world for different focal lengths in a plenoptic camera. Figure 4 shows a typical camera module for smartphones. Figure 5A depicts a plenoptic camera according to the prior art, with a pure plenoptic (unfolded) configuration. Figures 5B and 5C show a plenoptic camera according to two different embodiments of the present invention, with folded optics configuration.

Figures 6A-6D show four different plenoptic camera embodiments according to the present invention.

Figure 7 shows a schematic example of a plenoptic camera according to the present invention installed on a smartphone.

Detailed description

Conventional cameras capture two-dimensional spatial information of the light rays captured by the sensor. In addition, colour information can be also captured by using the so-called Bayer pattern sensors or other colour sensors. However, no information about the direction of arrival of rays is recorded by a conventional camera. Plenoptic cameras have the capability of recording 3D information about the different objects. Basically, a plenoptic camera is equivalent to capturing the scene from several points of view (the so-called plenoptic views that act like several cameras distributed about the equivalent aperture of the plenoptic camera).

Usually a plenoptic camera 100 (see Figure 1A) is made by placing a microlens array 104 between the main lens 102 and the image sensor 108. Each of the microlenses 106 (lx, ly) is forming a small image, known as microimage (1 10a, 1 10b), of the main aperture onto the image sensor 108 (see Figures 1 B and 1C), such that each pixel (px, py) of any microimage (1 10a, 1 10b) is capturing light rays 101 coming from a different part of the main aperture, every one of the microimages below any microlens is an image of the main lens aperture, and every pixel in position pxl, pyl to rch, rgh in every microlens 106 integrates light coming from a given part of the aperture ( ach, agh ) irrelevant of the position of the microlens. Light crossing the aperture in position ( ach, agh ) coming from different locations from the object world will hit different microlenses but will always be integrated by the pixel ( rch, rgh ) below every microlens of the camera. Accordingly, the coordinates (px, py) of a pixel within a microimage determine the direction of arrival of the captured rays to a given microlens and (lx, ly) determine the two-dimensional spatial position. All this information is known as light field and can be represented by a four-dimensional matrix LF(px, py, lx, ly) or five- dimensional matrix LF(px, py, lx, ly, c) if the colour information (c) is considered. As mentioned before, in some key aspects a plenoptic camera behaves like a multi- stereo camera (since both are multi-view systems) with a reduced baseline between views. That is, multi-stereo systems can also record the light-field. The behaviour of multi-stereo and stereo cameras has been widely studied. Articles like“Quantization Error in Stereo Imaging” [Rodriguez, J. J., & Aggarwal, J. K. Quantization error in stereo imaging. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1988. Proceedings CVPR'88., Computer Society Conference on (pp. 153-158). IEEE] show how long focal lengths improve the depth error estimation in relatively long distances on multi-view systems.

The depth estimation of a stereo camera follows the equation:

where z is the depth point of interest, b is the baseline, / the focal length of the cameras (if both cameras have the same focal length) and d the disparity. The disparity d represents the difference in position of two projections (or more projections in the case of a multi-stereo systems) of the same point in the object world, in the two (or more) cameras of a stereo (multi-stereo) system, as an example Figure 2 shows two cameras separated from each other a baseline b, and how when the light from point P in the object world crosses the two equivalent lenses d and c2 from the two cameras and reaches the sensors s1 and s2 from the two cameras at two different positions of the sensors, the disparity d is the distance between the two images pi and p2 of the same point P in the two sensors s1 and s2.

From previous equation, the depth estimation error can be calculated as:

where Az represents the absolute error in depth, and Ad represents the absolute disparity error. A plenoptic camera follows the same equation for the error produced in depth computations. In this case, the baseline corresponds to the aperture size of the optical system (D).

where /# = f/D (i.e. the f-number).

Hence, the depth error Dz produced in a plenoptic camera can be reduced by increasing the focal length f of the optical system while maintaining the f-number, by reducing the f- number while keeping the focal length f (that is, increasing D), or by reducing the f- number at the same time that the focal length f is increased. Mobile phone lenses commonly are designed with small f numbers and small focal lengths (due to the restrictive thickness requirements of the mobile phone industry). Departing from an off- the-shelf design of a lens for a smartphone, which has a small f number and a small focal length, Figure 3 shows how the error is reduced quadratically with the increase of the focal length when the f number is kept. The error produced by focal length (/)), which is a small focal length typically found in the mobile phone industry, is four times bigger than the error produced by focal length Ϊ2 {f _å = 2fi), and nine times bigger than the error produced by f3 ( ¾ = 3fi). However, increasing the focal length generally means increasing the OTTL (optical total track length) of an optical system. Even if it depends on the particular optical design, the relation between focal length and OTTL approximately follows the expression 1.1 <

OTTL

—— < 1.3 in unfolded configurations thus, an increase of the focal length involves a nearly proportional increase of the OTTL to keep f-number constant, and thus, an increase in MTTL (mechanical total track length), making the camera module (as the camera module 400 for smartphones depicted in Figure 4) thicker (i.e. large Sz).

Figure 4 shows a schematic of a typical camera module 400 for mobile devices, such as smartphones, with the aim of being illustrative but never limiting. The important dimensions have been highlighted (Sx x Sy x Sz). The typical dimensions of camera modules used in the mobile phone industry are the following: 4 mm < Sz < 6.5 mm; 8 mm < Sy < 10 mm; 8 mm < Sz < 10 mm, where Sx, Sy and Sz correspond to the width, the height and the thickness of the camera module 400, respectively (according to axes X, Y and Z of Figure 7).

The most critical dimension is Sz, which coincides with the MTz (Mechanical Track in z). This size Sz of the camera module 400 corresponds to the thickness Tz of the mobile device, as shown in Figure 7, and mobile phone manufacturers tend to move to smaller thicknesses with each new phone generation. This means the cameras need to follow these trends if the aim is fitting them into the mobile device. Camera modules with thicknesses Sz higher than 10 mm would be severely rejected by the market, aiming to cameras with Sz approaching 5 and 4 mm.

Nowadays, smartphone market-trends demand reduced thickness Sz for mini cameras, which forces vendors to design lenses with very reduced focal lengths f to accomplish the client specs. Miniaturized plenoptic cameras (as the ones disclosed in patent document US9647150B2), even if never launched commercially by anybody else with a form factor similar to Figure 4, can have very improved performance if the focal length f is increased to values that are not commonly seen in conventional imaging lenses in the mini-camera industry. Thus, increasing the focal length of a specific plenoptical system without violating the smartphone market design rules (which require very small thicknesses) turns out imperative to improve the depth error precision and push the plenoptic mini-camera to the top-level of depth/3D cameras for portable devices.

A first approach to increase the focal length f is to scale all components of the optical system, increasing all the dimensions while keeping the f-number. This implies changing the main lenses, changing the microlenses and the sensor itself, so that, the OTTL and MTTL are also forced to increase dimensions, probably exceeding the smartphone market requirements in terms of small thicknesses (Sz).

A second approach to increase the focal length f could be scaling the main lens but keeping the sensor and microlenses size. The focal length f of the plenoptic camera would increase, but, as the microlenses and sensor are kept the same size, the FOV (field of view) would be reduced due to the fact that the sensor is not capturing anymore the whole FOV of the optical system, but only a subset. And what is worse, in this case the OTTL and MTTL would be also increased leading to an increase in length of the main lens and making more difficult its use in mobile phone applications. These approaches to increase the focal length f allow to improve the error in depth computations (they move the design point towards the lower curves in Figure 3), making the camera more precise, with lower error percentages for the estimation of depths of objects located further from the camera (i.e. with greater distance in Figure 3). However, the resulting OTTL and MTTL is increased and does not fit the restrictive thickness specs of the current smartphone mini-cameras, or in otherwords, a module as in Figure 4 would have a thickness Sz too large to fit within a mobile phone. In this context, in the present invention a prism or mirror is used to fold the optical path of the light, increasing the OTTL without increasing the thickness Sz of the camera module 400. Therefore, a novel plenoptic device with folded optic configurations is herewith presented. Figures 5A-5C show several embodiments of a plenoptic camera, showing the benefits of folded devices in terms of thickness. In all these embodiments, the main lens 102 is formed by a single lens element, or a pair or group of cemented lens elements. In these figures the term OT refers to optical track length and MT refers to mechanical track length. The mechanical track length in the Z axis (MTz) depicted in Figure 7 is the critical dimension to consider when fitting the camera into a mobile phone since it corresponds to the thickness Tz of the device (or in other words, making thickness Sz as small as possible in the camera module 400 of Figure 4). The three embodiments of Figures 5A- 5C have the same optical performance in terms of focal length f and f-number, but different MTz.

Figure 5A depicts a typical plenoptic camera 500a according to the prior art. The configuration of this plenoptic camera 500a is designed with a small f-number and a large focal length fwith the purpose of obtaining a good depth error precision. The optical axis 502 of the main lens 102 is perpendicular to the image sensor 108, crossing the center of the image sensor 108 (i.e. the normal line 504 of the image sensor 108 at its central point is coincident with the optical axis 502). However, this configuration has a large OTTL _a = OTz _a , which implies a large MTTL _a = MTz _a that does not fit within the typical dimensions of a smartphone. Figure 5B shows a plenoptic camera 500b according to an embodiment of the present invention. The plenoptic camera 500b depicted in Figure 5B uses folded optics that reduces the MTz while keeping the same focal length (the OTTL and f-number remain the same as in Figure 5A). In this configuration the optical path is bent using a reflective surface of a first reflective element 510, such as prism or mirror, thus the OTTU has two components, OTå _b and OTx _b , but the OTTU is the same as used in Figure 5A ( OTTL _b = OTTL _a = OTz _a = OTz _b + OTx _b ). In the configuration depicted in Figure 5B, the optical axis 502 of the main lens 502 is parallel to the image sensor 108 (i.e. the optical axis 502 and the normal line 504 of the image sensor are perpendicular).

However, unlike the previous configuration, the MTz thickness of the camera module has been reduced enough to fit within the low thickness requirements of mini-camera specs while retaining the benefits of large focal lengths for plenoptic camera systems. Or, in other words, the plenoptic cameras 500a and 500b in Figures 5A and 5B offer the same optical performance and the same f number, however, the thickness of the plenoptic camera 500a in Figure 5A is larger than the thickness of the plenoptic camera 500b in Figure 5B (MTz _a > MTz _b ) or, if implemented in a module like in Figure 4, the thickness Sz would be smaller for the embodiment shown in Figure 5B.

Figure 5C represents a plenoptic camera 500c according to another embodiment of the present invention. This plenoptic camera 500c has a configuration where two reflective elements, a first reflective element 510 and a second reflective element 512, have been introduced to bend the optical path. The second reflective element 512 (such as a prism or a mirror) reflects the light rays which have been already reflected by the first reflective element 510. Additional reflective elements (e.g. a third reflective element, a fourth reflective element, etc.) may be used to further reflect the light rays reflected by the previous reflective elements positioned along the optical path. OTTL in Figure 5C has three components OTzi _c , OTx _c and OTz _2c where their sum matches OTTL _a ( OTTL _c = OTTL _a = OTz _lc + OTx _c + OTz _2c ) of Figure 5A, so that the focal length remains constant, and the MTz has been drastically reduced (MTz _c < MTz _b < MTz _a ). In the configuration shown in Figure 5C, the optical axis 502 of the main lens 502 and the normal line of the image sensor 108 at its central point are parallel but not coincident (i.e. they are positioned at different heights), since the optical path has been folded twice along the way. Figures 6A-6D show several embodiments of plenoptic camera devices (600a, 600b, 600c, 600d) with folded optics configuration, with the aim of being illustrative, but never limiting, where the main lens 102 is composed by a plurality of non-cemented lens elements or lens groups. The plenoptic camera devices shown in this figure are formed by an image sensor 108, a microlens array 104, an infrared filter 612 (an optional element that may not be present), and a main lens 102 composed by four or five lens elements, but it could be composed by fewer or more lens elements.

Each configuration shows a different MTz, the mechanical track length in the Z axis corresponding to the thickness Tz of the mobile device, as depicted in Figure 7. Each figure represents the axes X, Y and Z corresponding to those shown in Figure 7, according to the installation of the plenoptic camera in the mobile device (in Figures 6A- 6C the image sensor 108 extends along the Z axis, whereas in the embodiment of Figure 6D the image sensor 108 extends along the X axis). In all cases, the introduction of a first reflective element 510 (preferably a prism or mirror) that folds the light path reduces the MTz from the original non-folded configuration. As it can be seen from Figures 6A- 6D, in all cases, MTz < OTTL, and of course, MTz < MTTL (considering the original non- folded configuration to compute the MTTL).

In the first configuration, shown in Figure 6A, the first reflective element 510, such as a prism or mirror placed at 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis, reflects the light rays 601 a captured by the plenoptic camera 600a just before crossing any optical surface, i.e. before reaching any of the lens elements (620, 622, 624, 626, 628) of the main lens 102. In the example of Figure 6A the light rays 601 b reflected from the first reflective element 510 (and forming a certain angle with respect to the captured light rays 601 a) reach the main lens 102. It seems clear from the Figure 6A that MTz _a < OTTL _a , what in practical terms means that the thickness Sz of the camera module 400 (Figure 4) is smaller and easier to fit within the stringent requirements of a mobile phone.

In the second configuration, depicted in Figure 6B, the main lens 102 comprises a first set (630, 632) and a second set (634, 636) of lens elements. The plenoptic camera 600b of Figure 6B bends the captured light rays 601 a after they cross the first set of lens elements (the two first lenses 630 and 632) of the main lens 102 (in this case an achromatic doublet) with the help of a first reflective element 510, a prism or mirror, placed at 45 degrees with respect to the optical axes of both sets of lens elements. In this case, the MTz _b = MTz _a , and in both cases, it is limited by the sensor die dimensions (Dx in Figures 6A-6C). However, due to packaging reasons and/or due to the optical design, it might be better to fold the light after or before crossing several optical surfaces.

The third configuration (Figure 6C) shows a main lens 102 formed by five lens elements divided into a first set (640, 642, 644) and a second set (646, 648) of lens elements. The captured light rays 601 a are reflected after crossing the first set of lens elements (the first three lens elements 640, 642, 644), obtaining the reflected light rays 601 b impinging on the second set (646, 648) of lens elements and the image sensor 108. Again, MTz _c < OTTL = OTz _c + OTx _c.

Figure 6D shows a fourth configuration where, in addition to the first reflective element 510, a second reflective element 512 (e.g. a prism or mirror) is used to reduce the thickness MTz (MTz < OTTL = OTx _d + OTz _d ). In this case, the sensor extends along the x dimension, and therefore its die dimension is not limiting the MTz. In this embodiment, the main lens 102 is formed by four lens elements divided into a first set (650, 652) and a second set (654, 656) of lens elements. The first reflective element 510 is arranged to receive the captured light rays 601 a before it reaches the main lens 102, to obtain reflected light rays 601 b. The second reflective element 512 is arranged between both sets of lens elements, and reflects the reflected light rays 601 b to obtain further reflected light rays 601 c that impinges on the second set (654, 656) of lens elements and the image sensor 108.

As explained in Figures 5A-5C and 6A-6D above, folded optics allows reducing thickness (MTz, or Sz in Figure 4 and Tz in Figure 7) of cameras with large focal lengths that commonly would lead to big Sz dimensions (high focal lengths can be fitted into really thin modules with low MTz or Sz, as shown in Figure 6D, for example). As already said, in all cases of Figures 5B-5C and 6A-6D, the thickness of the camera is drastically reduced with respect to its original thickness (computed MTTL in the equivalent unfolded configuration), allowing to fit large cameras into portable devices that, if it was not for the use of the folded optics technology, would never be able to accomplish the specs of smartphone industry in terms of thickness.

The plenoptic camera with reduced thickness proposed by the present invention is suitable to be installed on any mobile device with strict thickness constraints, such as a tablet, PDA or a smartphone. Figure 7 shows an example of a plenoptic camera fitted into a smartphone 700 having a similar configuration as those depicted in embodiments of Figures 6B and 6C. As depicted in Figure 7, the plenoptic camera is preferably installed at the rear part or back side 710 of the smartphone 700, capturing images from behind the screen. Alternatively, the plenoptic camera may be installed at the front side of the smartphone 700, next to the screen, to capture frontal images. The smartphone 700 has the following dimensions in the axes X, Y and Z represented in Figure 7: a width Tx, a length Ty, and a thickness Tz, respectively. This example aims to be illustrative but not limiting. In this example, the main lens 102 of the plenoptic camera is formed by five lens elements (730, 732, 734, 736, 738), and a first reflective element 510 (a prism or mirror) reflects the light after it passes through a first set of lens elements (the first two lens elements 730 and 732) of the main lens 102, just like in the embodiment of Figure 6B. The three other lens elements (734, 736, 738), forming the second set of lens elements, microlens array 104 and image sensor 108 are distributed along the X axis, not contributing to the MTz of the camera (critical size Sz in Figure 4). These elements could instead be distributed along the Y axis, or in an arrangement such that the normal line 504 of the image sensor 504 and the optical axis of the second set of lens elements are parallel to the X-Y plane. As a conclusion, this new proposed folded optics technique allows to have at the same time a superior plenoptic performance (with long focal lengths) and a small MTz (or thickness Sz of the camera module 400), being ideal for their integration in portable devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc.