HAIR CARE AND PROTECTION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention generally relates to a polar solvent (e.g., water, polyol) based extract of mud, more specifically of Dead Sea mud, as well as to process for its preparation, pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions thereof, and their use for skin, hair and scalp care and protection, and for treating various skin, hair and scalp related conditions including: psoriasis, arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis (very dry skin), atopic dermatitis, eczema, diaper rush, sensitive skin, skin burns of stage I, rheumatism, delayed wound healing, and acne, as well as for cosmetic use for retaining skin moisture and repairing of impaired skin. More specifically, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions comprising a water based Dead Sea Mud extract for skin care and protection, and to methods for preparation thereof. The mud extract of the invention is transparent, it comprises large concentration of trace elements (e.g., Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Fe, Co, Cu) and is stable under storage and usage conditions.

BACKGROUND

[0002] The skin is the largest organ in the body, serving as a protective barrier from the external environment. As such it is susceptible to various disorders and diseases caused by microorganisms, exposure to radiation, contact with irritating materials and loss of water.

[0003] About 4 -5% of the human body is made up of minerals. It is assumed that specific ions from minerals play an important role in healthy skin metabolism. There are indications that Mg is a co factor for phosphate transferring enzymes and participates in cAMP regulation. Ca ⁺² is thought to induce lamellar body secretion and regulate cell membrane permeability and K ⁺ is known to enhance CO2 transport. In some in vitro and in vivo tests magnesium bromide, magnesium chloride, and potassium bromide (all selected Dead Sea salts) exhibited inhibition of skin cell proliferation after dermal application, making them possibly applicable for care of psoriasis (As discussed by Shani, L, Sulliman, A., Katzir, I, and Brener, S. in J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. (1995) 4, 267 - 272 and by Levi- Shaffer, F., Shani, Politi, Y., Rubinichik, E. and Brener, S. in Pharmacology (1996) 52, 321-328). [0004] Minerals are capable of restoring moisture due to their hygroscopic characteristics. When absorbed into skin cells, minerals may enhance intracellular water capacity. They may be absorbed into the skin from brine, from a bath with dissolved salts, or from application of a mineral rich preparations. Some skin disorders are related to a specific mineral shortage.

[0005] The Dead Sea is the richest natural mineral source in the world, with a concentration of 32% (w/v) dissolved minerals and a unique composition. The main elements found in Dead Sea water are chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium and bromine. It has been acknowledged for years that these elements are beneficial for human skin and health. Minerals are alleged to relieve diseases such as rheumatism, acne, eczema and psoriasis (Ma'or, Z., Magdassi, S., Effron, D., Yehuda, S Isr. J. Med. Sci. 32 (suppl 3), 28-35 (1996)).

[0006] There is a large world market for cosmetic compositions containing minerals. However, the benefits of minerals in Dead Sea water are limited due to the natural high concentration of divalent ions and the very high ionic strength of the Dead Sea water. Another drawback of the mineral rich cosmetics marketed today is the fact that the skin itself presents a natural barrier to the penetration of minerals. These drawbacks have a negative effect on the formation and stability of compositions.

[0007] Dead Sea salts are known for their therapeutic benefits. Many known compositions comprise both salts, such as Dead Sea salts, and oily components. Some compositions further comprise surfactants, allowing the skin to be both cleansed and exfoliated. Known oil-based compositions may contain between about 30-90% salts.

[0008] Since oil-based compositions have greasy texture, and since oil-based compositions are segmenting, and generally do not exhibit desired foaming properties, hydrophilic cleansing compositions containing Dead Sea salts have been developed to provide compositions with different type of texture. Such compositions generally include Dead Sea salts in non- granular form.

[0009] Dead Sea mud and water are known for their therapeutic and cosmetic properties (for example see Ma'or Z. and Yehuda S. (1997) International Journal of Cosmetic Science 19: 105-110). Various cosmetic products based on these properties exist in the market. For example, Japanese application JP 96011775 discloses a beauty plaster, comprising among other ingredients, natural salt and mud from the Dead Sea. PCT application No. PCT/IL98/00311 discloses a composition for skin care and protection comprising 10-15% of Dead Sea water. [0010] Dead Sea mud is especially known for its therapeutic properties on psoriasis and other skin related disorders. Researchers have established ( Semin Arthritis Rheum., 2012 Oct; 42(2): 186-200) that the high concentrations of salt and other chemical compounds in the mud can be used to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis effectively. Patients, suffering from various skin diseases come to the Dead Sea to have treatments with Dead Sea Mud, often upon their physician recommendation. The salt and magnesium in the mud can improve skin’s functionality by making it a better barrier and more elastic. Dead Sea salt has also been shown (Int J Dermatol., 2005, Feb; 44(2):151-7) as a treatment to make skin healthier. In one older experiment ( Clin Rheumatol., 1992 Jun;ll(2):243-7) heated mud packs were applied to the extremities of people with arthritis for 20 minutes, once per day, over a span of 2 weeks. This study used Dead Sea mud and people saw a marked decrease in their arthritis symptoms that lasted up to three months. People with inflammatory arthritis, like rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, are more likely to experience this benefit. Data from a 2014 study (Isr Med Assoc J. 2014 Sep;16(9):574-7) indicated that a Dead Sea mud compress applied five times a week for three consecutive weeks, led to a significant improvement in symptoms for people with chronic lower back pain. Dead Sea mud has been tested ( Int J Dermatol. 2006 May;45(5):504-11) and proven to have an antimicrobial effect on strains of bacteria that live on human skin. Since overgrowth or presence of certain bacteria can lead to acne, it’s possible that this is why Dead Sea mud has been used to treat breakouts since biblical times. Dead Sea mud has been proven to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that make it useful in mud packs and cosmetics.

[0011] However, treatment with raw Dead Sea Mud has several drawbacks. It may be expensive and inconvenient for patients to travel to the Dead Sea for receiving treatment. In addition, delivering raw mud to the patient's home, is inconvenient due to the large amounts that must be applied for each treatment. Furthermore, the treatment with Dead Sea mud is quite messy and is limited to short time periods, since the mud cannot be left on the body for long periods of time due to inconvenience and aesthetic reasons. To overcome the problems associated with treatments with Dead Sea water, creams containing the maximal possible amounts of mud (1-6%) were formulated (see for example Ahava® products Dermud hand cream and foot cream) providing an easier and more pleasant way to deliver mud onto the skin, while providing the therapeutic benefits of the Dead Sea mud overcoming the above-mentioned difficulties.

[0012] However, cosmetic formulations containing Dead Sea mud (1-6%) for topical use have other limitations, due to the relatively low amounts of mud that can be incorporated in creams while maintaining stability and decent appearance (aesthetic reasons). [0013] The inventors of this invention have discovered a new method for delivering large amounts of mud minerals into the skin, using transparent and/or colorless formulations, and in an aesthetic manner.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] In various embodiments, this invention relates to a polar solvent extract of Dead Sea Mud. In some embodiments, one of the polar solvents is water. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, iso-propanol), polyol (e.g., glycerin, propanediol) or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the at least two solvents are selected from: water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, iso-propanol), polyol (e.g., glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and/or hexanediol). In some embodiments, the two solvents are water and polyol. In some embodiments, the polyol is selected from: glycerin, propanediol, butanediol and pentanediol. In some embodiments, the polyol is glycerin and/or propanediol. In some embodiments, the polyol is propanediol. In some embodiments, the water is demineralized water. In some embodiments, the water is demineralized water, and the polyol is propanediol (e.g., Zemea®).

[0015] In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the polar solvents in the extract is 1:1. In some embodiments, ratio between water and the rest of the polar solvents in the extract is between 0.1:10 to 10:0.1. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the polar solvents in the extract is between 0.5:5 to 5:0.5. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the polar solvents in the extract is between 1:2 to 2:1. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the polar solvents in the extract is 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 or 10:1; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio of water to polyol in the extract is between 1 :4 to 4: 1, between 1:3 to 3:1, 1:1, 3:7 or 7:3; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0016] In some embodiments, the extract comprises both major elements and trace elements- based minerals. In some embodiments, the extract comprises one or more of the elements selected from: Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Lithium (Li), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Rubidium (Rb), Strontium (Sr), Vanadium (V), Selenium (Se), Barium (Ba), Titanium (Ti), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Thallium (Th), Arsenic (Ar), Molybdenum (Mo), Yttrium (Y), Cadmium (Cd), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Terbium (Tb), Gadolinium (Gd), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu) and Uranium (U), in the form of minerals.

[0017] In some embodiments, the relative content of trace elements in the extract with respect to the relative content of major elements, is larger than the respective relative content in Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the relative content of zinc, iron, strontium, and manganese in the extract with respect to the relative content of calcium, sodium magnesium and potassium, is larger than the respective relative content in Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the relative content of strontium with respect to the other minerals in the mud extract is larger than its relative content with respect to other minerals in Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total amount of trace elements (e.g., Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Se w/w) and the total amount of major elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Na and K; w/w) is at least 50% higher; preferably at least 75% higher; more preferably at least 100% higher than in Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the ratio is at least twice as high; 3 times higher; 5 times higher; 10 times higher; 50 times higher; 100 times higher; 200 times higher than in Dead Sea water; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the relative content (% w/w) of at least one selected from: manganese, strontium, zinc, vanadium, selenium, cobalt, copper, and iron (Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Se) with respect to the rest of the minerals in the extract, is larger than their relative content with respect to the rest of the minerals (% w/w) in Dead Sea water.

[0018] In some embodiments, the relative content of trace elements in the extract with respect to the relative content of major elements, is larger than the respective relative content in Dead Sea salt. In some embodiments, the relative content of zinc, iron, strontium, and manganese in the extract with respect to the relative content of calcium, sodium magnesium and potassium, is larger than the respective relative content in Dead Sea salt. In some embodiments, the relative content of strontium with respect to the other minerals in the mud extract is larger than its relative content with respect to other minerals in Dead Sea salt. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total amount of trace elements (e.g., Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Se w/w) and the total amount of major elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Na and K; w/w) is at least 50% higher; preferably at least 75% higher; more preferably at least 100% higher than in Dead Sea salt. In some embodiments, the ratio is at least twice as high; 3 times higher; 5 times higher; 10 times higher; 50 times higher; 100 times higher; 200 times higher than in Dead Sea salt; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the relative content (% w/w) of at least one selected from: manganese, strontium, zinc, vanadium, cobalt, copper, and iron (Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Se) with respect to the rest of the minerals in the extract, is larger than their relative content with respect to the rest of the minerals (% w/w) in Dead Sea salt. [0019] In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 25-55 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 48-52 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 35-53 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 45-55 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 35-55 ppm.

[0020] In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.5-4.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.8-4.4 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.9-4.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.9-4.2 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.7-4.2 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 2.8-5.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 2.5-5.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.9-4.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.4-4.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is higher than 3 ppm.

[0021] In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 0.1-100 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 0.1-85 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 75-85 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 0-82 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 3-32 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 3-26 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 75-85 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 4-10 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 8-30 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 6-27 ppm.

[0022] In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-2 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-1.6 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 1.2- 1.8 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-0.9 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.2-0.7 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0-2 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-1.0 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.2-0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.6-0.8 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is higher than 0.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is higher than 0.15 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is higher than 0.2 ppm. [0023] In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.01-0.05 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.01-0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.015-0.25 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.01-0.25 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0-0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 15-25 ppb. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 19-24 ppb. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 19-20 ppb.

[0024] In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-40 ppm. In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-30 ppm. In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-25 ppm. In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-100 ppm.

[0025] In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.01-1 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.1-1 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.1-0.7 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.2-0.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.4-0.8 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is lower than 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is higher than 0.5 ppm.

[0026] In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0 and 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0 and 0.01 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0.2 and 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0 and 0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0.1 and 0.6 ppm.

[0027] In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 500-5000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1000-4000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1800-3500 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 2000-3400 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 2300-2800 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1800-3300 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 600-1000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1000-3000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1500-3500 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1700-3500 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is lower than 8000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is higher than 300 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is higher than 300 ppm but lower than 8000 ppm.

[0028] In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 5000-6500 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 5500- 6100 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 5900-6100 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 4500-6500 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is lower than 10000 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is lower than 7000 ppm.

[0029] In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5000-7200 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5500-6000 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5900-6000 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5800-7200 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5800-6500 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 6100-6400 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is lower than 10000 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is lower than 7500 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is lower than 7100 ppm.

[0030] In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 500-2000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1200-1500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1400-1500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1800 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1100 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1200 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 750-1300 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 30000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 20000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 3000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 2500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 2000 ppm.

[0031] In some embodiments, the extract comprises between about 1 and 30 gr/Iiter; 5-15 gr/Iiter; 8-12 gr/Iiter; 9-14 gr/Iiter; 11-14 gr/Iiter of minerals; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the extract comprises about 7 gr/Iiter; 8 gr/Iiter; 9 gr/Iiter; 10 gr/liter; 11 gr/Iiter; 12 gr/Iiter; 13 gr/Iiter; 14 gr/Iiter; 15 gr/Iiter of minerals; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. [0032] In various embodiments, this invention relates to the use of the extract according to this invention, in a colorless and/or transparent cosmetic product. In some embodiments, for its use as is, as mineral mud water, face or body toner, face or body mud water spray, transparent mud mask, mud serum or as an ingredient in cosmetic or dermatological formulation. In some embodiments, the extract is used as a leave-on cosmetic composition for beautifying and enhancing the skin appearance.

[0033] In various embodiments, this invention relates to a composition for topical application, comprising between about 0.1% to 99.9%, preferably between 75% to 99.9%, more preferably between 85% to 99.5% w/w of a polar solvent extract of mud. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea Mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the two solvents are selected from: water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, iso-propanol), polyol (e.g., glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and/or hexanediol), preferably wherein the two solvents are water and polyol, more preferably wherein the water is demineralized water, and the polyol is glycerin and/or propanediol.

[0034] In some embodiments, the composition is formulated in the form of a body and/or facial toner, musk, spray, serum, gel, emulsion, body and/or facial cleansing product. In some embodiments, the total mineral content in the composition is of about 10 gr/liter. In some embodiments, the total mineral content in the composition is of about 12 gr/liter.

[0035] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic cream. In some embodiments, the ingredients are selected from: emulsifiers, including polymeric emulsifiers (e.g., Ceteareth 30, glyceryl stearate, Peg-40 stearate, sorbitan tristearate, poly acrylate crosspolymer); emollients including vegetable oils, mineral oils, silicon oil (e.g., Dimethicone), esters (e.g., octyl palmitate); thickeners including waxes and clays (e.g.: Cetearyl Alcohol, Hexadeacanol, Candelilla wax, hectorite); humectants including polyols (e.g.: glycerin, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol), urea; plant extracts (e.g. Aloe Barbadensis Extract); preservatives (e.g., phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, sodium anisate, 1-Methylparaben, propylparben); vitamins (e.g., Vitamin E Tocopherol); sunscreens and powders (e.g., zinc oxide); and polymers (e.g., sodium hyaluronate, xanthan gum). In some embodiments, the cream further comprises at least one selected from: glycerin, sodium hyaluronate, phenoxyethanol, ethyhexylglycerin, disteardimonium hectorite, Polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate, sorbitan isostearate, phytosqualane, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, silica and C15-19 Alkane.

[0036] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic spray. In some embodiments, the ingredients are selected from: glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, biomix pure, pentylene glycol, sodium anistate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic mud mask. In some embodiments, the ingredients are selected from: hydrolite, sodium anistate, xanthan gum, pentylene glycol, sodium anistate, or any combination thereof.

[0037] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic mud serum. In some embodiments, the ingredients are selected from: xanthan gum, lecithin, sclerotium gum, pullulan, pentylene glycol, sodium anistate, or any combination thereof.

[0038] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises up to 20%, preferably up to 10%, more preferably up to 4 wt% of Dead Sea water.

[0039] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a fragrance, a surfactant, an essential oil, a plant extract, a hydrogenated oil, a vitamin, a peptide, a polyphenol, a polysaccharide, a gelling agent, a conditioning agent, a cationic polymer, a preservative, an emulsifier, an emollient, a thickener, a humectant, a sunscreen, a mineral, an active ingredient, or any combination thereof.

[0040] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises at least one selected from: glycerin, ethanol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and a poly glycol. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises at least one oil selected from the group of vegetable oils, esters, silicone oils and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises active ingredients selected from vitamins, peptides, acids, glycans, glycosaminoglycans, plant extracts, dead sea mud, polysaccharides, and/or alcohol.

[0041] In some embodiments, the composition is used in treating skin or hair conditions, disorders and/or diseases.

[0042] In some embodiments, this invention relates to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting a skin, scalp and/or hair condition, disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of Dead Sea mud, to a subject suffering from a skin, scalp and/or hair condition, disease or disorder under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the skin, scalp and/or hair condition, disease or disorder in said subject. In some embodiments, the skin disorders and/or diseases are selected from: psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis (very dry skin), atopic dermatitis, eczema, diaper rush, sensitive skin, skin burns of stage I, acne, delayed wound healing or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the scalp condition is selected from: dandruff, itchy scalp, oily scalp, sensitive scalp, alopecia, or any combination thereof. [0043] In some embodiments, this invention relates to a process for the preparation of polar solvent-based mud extract, comprising the following: a. mixing a raw mud in a polar media; b. agitating the mixture; c. optionally letting the mixture to stand for a predetermined period (i.e., soaking the mixture) at a predetermined temperature; and d. filtering the solid residue from the mixture, thereby obtaining the polar solvent-based mud extract.

[0044] In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea Mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent-based mud extract is a solution, preferably a homogenic solution. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out during a fixed period, preferably up to 24 hrs, more preferably up to 8 hrs, most preferably up to 2 hrs. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out during a fixed period of 0.5 hours, 1 hr, 1.5 hrs, 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 6 hrs, 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is left to stand overnight. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is soaked overnight. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is left to stand for up to 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 16 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, or 96 hrs; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is left to stand at a predetermined temperature of up to 60 °C, preferably at room temperature. In some embodiments, the polar media comprises water, alcohol (preferably ethanol or isopropanol), polyol (preferably glycerin and/or propanediol) or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar media comprises water (e.g., demineralized water), glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the two solvents are selected from: water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol), polyol (e.g., glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol), preferably wherein the two solvents are water and polyol, more preferably wherein the water is demineralized water, and the polyol is glycerin and/or propanediol. In some embodiments, the ratio between the water and the polyol is between about 0.1:10 to about 10:0.1, between about 1:4 to about 4:1, between about 1:2 to about 2:1, 1:1, 3:7 or 7:3; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio of mud to polar media in the mixture is between 0.5:10 to 10:0.5, between 1:4 to 4:1, 1:1, or 3:1; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio between the mud and the polar media is between about 0.1:10 to about 10:0.1, preferably between 1:4 to 4:1, more preferably 1:1. In some embodiments, in step c, the mixture is left to stand for a predetermined period, (preferably overnight), at a predetermined temperature (preferably at room temperature). In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out at a temperature of up to 80 °C; preferably up to 70 °C; more preferably up to 60 °C; most preferably at room temperature. In some embodiments, the process further comprises a step of centrifuging the mixture (preferably for 6 minutes and/or at 3000 rpm) after step c and before step d. In some embodiments, the process further comprises a step of separating the solid residue from the solution prior to filtration.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0045] FIGURE 1 depicts the Dead Sea Mud composition analysis (soil).

[0046] FIGURE 2 depicts the Dead Sea Salt composition analysis.

[0047] FIGURE 3 depicts the Dead Sea Water composition analysis.

[0048] It is noted that throughout, all ranges and numeric figures are considered to be approximate even when the term "about" is not used, such that the document is considered to cover ±10% of the disclosed range or figure, unless specifically mentioned otherwise. It is further noted that the term "about" is also considered to cover ±10% of the disclosed range or figure, unless specifically mentioned otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Mud Extract

[0049] The present invention relates to a polar solvent-based extract of mud, more specifically Dead Sea mud, for use in cosmetic formulations and in the treatment of various skin disease and disorders. Preferably the polar solvent comprises water, and may further comprise other polar solvents including alcohols, polyols and the like. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, one of the polar solvents is water. In some embodiments, the two solvents are selected from: water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, iso-propanol), polyol (e.g., glycerin (i.e., glycerol) and/or propanediol, pentanediol, butanediol and/or hexanediol). In some embodiments, the two solvents are water and polyol. In some embodiments, the water is demineralized water. In some embodiments, the polyol is glycerin and/or propanediol. In some embodiments, the polyol is glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and/or hexanediol. In some embodiments, the polyol is propanediol. The relative amount of water in the polar solvent media may be in some embodiments, between 5% and 100%, between 5% and 75%, between 25% and 75%, between 30% and 80%, between 25% and 100%, between 50% and 100%; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the relative amount of water in the polar solvent media may be: 100%, 90%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 12.5%, 10% or 5%; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the polar solvent media comprises alcohol and/or polyol such as but not limited to: glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and/or hexanediol. The relative amount of polyol in the polar solvent media may be, in some embodiments, between 5% and 95%, between 5% and 75%, between 25% and 75%, between 5% and 50%, between 25% and 50%, between 5% and 25%; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the relative amount of polyol in the polar solvent media may be, 100%, 90%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 12.5%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1% or 0.05%; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments the polar media (i.e., polar solvent) comprises 50% water, (e.g., demineralized water), and 50% polyol (e.g., glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and/or hexanediol); each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments the polar media comprises 50% water, and 50% propanediol. In some embodiments, the water is demineralized water. In some embodiments, the polar media comprises 50% water, e.g., demineralized water, and a 1 : 1 mixture of two additional solvents. In one embodiment the polar media comprises 50% water (e.g., demineralized water) and 25% glycerin and 25% propanediol.

[0050] In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the solvents in the polar media is 1:1. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the solvents in the polar media is between 0.1 : 10 to 10:0.1. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the solvents in the polar media is between 0.5:5 to 5:0.5. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the solvents in the polar media is between 1:4 to 4:1. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the solvents in the polar media is between 2:3 to 3:2. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the solvents in the polar media is between 1:2 to 2:1. In some embodiments, the ratio between water and the rest of the solvents in the polar media is 1 :2, 1:3, 2:3, 3:4, 3:5, 3:7, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 2:1, 3:1, 3:2, 4:1, 4:3, 5:1, 5:3, 6:1, 7:1, 7:3, 8:1, 9:1 or 10:1; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio of water to polyol in the extract is between 1:4 to 4:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of water to polyol in the extract is between 1:3 to 3:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of water to polyol in the extract is 1:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of water to polyol in the extract is 3:7. In some embodiments, the ratio of water to polyol in the extract is 7:3. [0051] In various embodiments, this invention is directed to an isolated polar solvent extract of mud. In some embodiments, the mud is a Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is water, alcohols, polyol or any mixture thereof. Non limiting examples of polyol solvents that can be used for the extract of the invention include: glycerin (glycerol), propylene glycol (propanediol), butanediol, pentanediol, pentylene glycol and/or hexanediol. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water, alcohols, polyol or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is water. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, at least one of the polar solvents in the extract is water.

[0052] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to an isolated water based Dead Sea Mud extract.

[0053] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a hydrophilic cosmetic composition comprising an isolated Dead Sea mud extract.

[0054] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a stable cosmetic composition comprising an isolated water based Dead Sea Mud extract.

[0055] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a colorless cosmetic composition comprising an isolated water based Dead Sea Mud extract.

[0056] The term “water-based extract” refers in the context of this invention, to an extract of mud which comprises at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 75% water as an extraction solvent; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In a preferred embodiment, the term “water-based extract” refers in the context of this invention, to an extract of mud which comprises at least 50% water as an extraction solvent.

[0057] Polar solvents suitable for use in the preparation of a mud extract according to the invention may be selected from water, an alcohol, a polyol, an ether, an ester, an amide, an aldehyde, a ketone, a nitrile, and combinations thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is water, alcohol, polyol or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the polyol is glycerol (i.e., glycerin), butanediol, pentanediol, propanediol or any combination thereof. Non limiting examples of other polar organic solvents include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 1 -butanol, 2-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, neopentanol, 3-methyl- 1 -butanol, 2-methyl- 1 -butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-2- butanol, ethyleneglycol, ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethyl ether, methylethyl ether, ethylpropyl ether, methylpropyl ether, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dihydrofuran, furan, pyran, dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetaldehyde, methylformate, ethylformate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, dichloromethane, chloroform, dimethylformamide, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, ethylmethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetonitrile, propionitrile, and combinations thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is selected from water, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water. In some embodiments, the polar solvent media consists essentially of water. In some embodiments, the polar solvent media consists essentially of water and polyol. In some embodiments, the polar solvent media consists essentially of water and propanediol.

[0058] In some embodiment, the polar solvent mud extract comprises Dead Sea salts. In some embodiments, the Dead Sea salts in the extract are different in their absolute amount and relative ratios from the salts that are found in Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the Dead Sea salts in the extract are different in their absolute amount and relative ratios from the salts that are found in Dead Sea salt.

[0059] Among the minerals that were identified in the mud extract, zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, cobalt, copper, selenium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium metal contents were detected. In some embodiments, the mud extract composition comprises at least one of the metals selected from: Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Lithium (Li), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Rubidium (Rb), Strontium (Sr), Vanadium (V), Selenium (Se), Barium (Ba), Titanium (Ti), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Thallium (Th), Arsenic (Ar), Molybdenum (Mo), Yttrium (Y), Cadmium (Cd), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Terbium (Tb), Gadolinium (Gd), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu) and Uranium (U), in the form of minerals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention comprises Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Lithium (Li), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Rubidium (Rb), Strontium (Sr), Vanadium (V), Selenium (Se), Barium (Ba), Titanium (Ti), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Thallium (Th), Arsenic (Ar), Molybdenum (Mo), Yttrium (Y), Cadmium (Cd), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Terbium (Tb), Gadolinium (Gd), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu) and Uranium (U), in the form of minerals. In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention comprises at least one selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, vanadium, aluminum, selenium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, cadmium, barium, lead, uranium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium-based minerals. In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention comprises at least one selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, cobalt, copper, vanadium, selenium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium-based minerals.

[0060] In some embodiments, the extract comprises major elements, selected from: Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), and Calcium (Ca); and trace elements selected from: Strontium (Sr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Rubidium (Rb), Manganese (Mn), Vanadium (V), Selenium (Se), Barium (Ba), Titanium (Ti), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Thallium (Th), Arsenic (Ar), Molybdenum (Mo), Yttrium (Y), Cadmium (Cd), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Terbium (Tb), Gadolinium (Gd), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu) and Uranium (U). In some embodiments, the extract comprises at least one trace element selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, vanadium, aluminium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, barium, uranium, and lead. In some embodiments, the extract comprises at least one trace element selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, vanadium, and selenium. In some embodiments, the extract comprises at least one trace element selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, vanadium, barium, cobalt, copper, uranium and selenium. In some embodiments, the extract comprises at least one trace element selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, barium and selenium. In some embodiments, the extract comprises at least one major element selected from: calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium. In some embodiments, the extract comprises at least one selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, vanadium, aluminium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, barium, uranium, lead, calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium-based minerals. In some embodiments, the extract comprises at least one selected from: zinc, iron, manganese, strontium, vanadium, calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium-based minerals.

[0061] According to this invention, “major elements” are elements which are present in concentration larger than 10 mg/1 in interstitial water of Dead Sea mineral mud, as defined in Maor et. al. ( International Journal of Dermatology, 2006, 45, 504 -511) as “macro elements”, while “trace elements” are elements which are present in concentration lower than 10 mg/1 in interstitial water as defined therein as “micro elements”. In some embodiments, strontium is defined herein as a trace element.

[0062] In some embodiments, “major elements” according to this invention are selected from: magnesium, potassium, sodium, and calcium; In some embodiments, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, chlorine, bromine, and sulfur; In some embodiments, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and chlorine; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the major elements found in the mud extract are silicon, calcium, aluminium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, titanium, sulphur, phosphine, chlorine and/or bromine. In some embodiments, the major elements found in the mud extract are calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium.

[0063] In some embodiments, “trace elements” according to this invention are selected from: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), rubidium (Rb), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), thallium (Th), arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), yttrium (Y), cadmium (Cd), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Terbium (Tb), Gadolinium (Gd), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu) and Uranium (U); each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the trace elements are selected from: Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba), Beryllium (Be), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Strontium (Sr), Vanadium (V), Zinc (Zn), and Mercury (Mg). In some embodiments, the trace elements are selected from: Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Strontium (Sr), Vanadium (V), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn). In some embodiments, the trace elements found in the mud extract are selected from: strontium, selenium, manganese, barium, chromium, zinc, vanadium, nickel, lithium, copper, cobalt, lead, thallium, arsenic, uranium, and molybdenum. In some embodiments, the trace elements found in the mud extract are zinc, iron, strontium, selenium, copper, cobalt, vanadium, manganese, aluminium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, cadmium, barium and lead. In some embodiments, the trace elements found in the mud extract are zinc, iron, strontium, selenium, cobalt, copper, vanadium, and manganese.

[0064] The mineral content in the mud extract according to this invention (relative ratios and absolute levels) were found to be significantly different from the mineral content that are presents in the Dead Sea water. The major metals found in the mud extract are calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium, however their content is significantly lower than in Dead Sea water. In contrast, the ratio between the concentration of trace minerals (e.g., zinc, iron, manganese, selenium, cobalt, copper, vanadium, and strontium), and the concentration of the major minerals (e.g., calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium), was higher than the one found in the Dead Sea water.

[0065] Therefore, in some embodiments, the total level of salts found in the mud extract according to this invention, is between 3 and 5 times lower compared to Dead Sea salts (DSS) or Dead Sea water (DSW). In some embodiments, the level of the major elements in the mud extracts (Na, Mg, K) are lower compared to DSS and DSW and the level of Calcium major element (Ca) in the mud extracts is lower compared to Dead Sea Water. However, in some embodiments, the levels of trace elements in the mud extract according to this invention, (e.g., Zn, Sr, Se, V, Fe, U, Co, Cu, Mn) are higher than their levels in DSW and/or DSS. In some embodiments, when the extract is obtained from a mixture of water with a second solvent such as glycerine and/or propanediol, their levels are higher than their corresponding levels obtained from a 100% water-based mud extract. In some embodiments, the mud extract shows high levels of selenium. In some embodiments, the extract is obtained from a mixture of mud in water and propanediol.

[0066] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the ratio between the total amount of trace elements (e.g., Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Co, Cu, Se, Fe w/w) and the total amount of major elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Na and K; w/w) in the extract, is at least 50% higher than in the Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the ratio is at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 120%, 150%, 200% higher than in Dead Sea water; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio is at least twice as high; 3 times higher; 5 times higher; 10 times higher; 50 times higher; 100 times higher; 200 times higher than in Dead Sea water; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total amount of trace elements (e.g., Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Co, Cu, Se, Fe) and the total amount of major elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Na and K) in the extract according to this invention, is at least 50% higher; preferably at least 75% higher; more preferably at least 100% higher than in Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total amount of trace elements (e.g. Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Co, Cu, Se, Fe) and the total amount of major elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Na and K) in the extract according to this invention, is at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 120%, 150%, 200% higher than in Dead Sea water; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio is at least twice as high; 3 times higher; 5 times higher; 10 times higher; 50 times higher; 100 times higher; 200 times higher than in Dead Sea water; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the relative content (w/w) of at least one selected from: manganese, cobalt, copper, selenium, strontium, zinc, vanadium, and iron (Mn, Co, Cu, Se, Sr, Zn, V, Fe) with respect to the rest of the minerals in the extract, is larger than their relative content (w/w) with respect to the rest of the minerals in Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the relative content of calcium, sodium magnesium and potassium in the extract, is smaller than their relative content in Dead Sea water.

[0067] In some embodiments, the relative content of zinc, iron, strontium, and manganese in the extract with respect to the relative content of calcium, sodium magnesium and potassium, is larger than the respective relative content in Dead Sea salt. In some embodiments, the relative content of strontium with respect to the other minerals in the mud extract is larger than its relative content with respect to other minerals in Dead Sea salt. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total amount of trace elements (e.g., Mn, Sr, Zn, V, Co, Cu, Fe, w/w) and the total amount of major elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Na and K; w/w) is at least 50% higher; preferably at least 75% higher; more preferably at least 100% higher than in Dead Sea salt. In some embodiments, the ratio is at least twice as high; 3 times higher; 5 times higher; 10 times higher; 50 times higher; 100 times higher; 200 times higher than in Dead Sea salt; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the relative content (% w/w) of at least one selected from: manganese, strontium, zinc, cobalt, copper, vanadium and iron (e.g., Mn, Sr, Zn, Co, Cu, V, Fe) with respect to the rest of the minerals in the extract, is larger than their relative content with respect to the rest of the minerals (% w/w) in Dead Sea salt.

[0068] In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration in the extract is at least about 25 ppm; 30 ppm; 35 ppm; 40 ppm; 45 ppm; 50 ppm; 55 ppm; 60 ppm; 65 ppm; 70 ppm; 75 ppm; 80 ppm; 85 ppm; 90 ppm; 95 ppm; 100 ppm; 110 ppm; 120 ppm; 130 ppm; 140 ppm; 150 ppm; or 200 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0069] In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 25-55 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 48-52 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 35-53 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 45-55 ppm. In some embodiments, the strontium (Sr) concentration is between about 35-55 ppm.

[0070] In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration in the extract is at least about 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.2 ppm; 2.4 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 2.7 ppm; 2.9 ppm; 3 ppm; 3.2 ppm; 3.4 ppm; 3.6 ppm; 3.8 ppm; 4 ppm; 4.2 ppm; 4.4 ppm; 4.6 ppm; 4.8 ppm; 5 ppm; 6 ppm; 8 ppm; or 10 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0071] In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.5-4.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.8-4.4 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.9-4.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.9-4.2 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.7-4.2 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 2.8-5.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 2.5-5.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.9-4.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is between about 3.4-4.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the manganese (Mn) concentration is higher than 3 ppm.

[0072] In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.1 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 1 ppm; 2 ppm; 4 ppm; 6 ppm; 8 ppm; 10 ppm; 15 ppm; 20 ppm; 25 ppm; 30 ppm; 35 ppm; 40 ppm; 45 ppm; 50 ppm; 55 ppm; 60 ppm; 65 ppm; 70 ppm; 75 ppm; 80 ppm; 90 ppm; or 100 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0073] In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 0.1-100 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 0.1-85 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 75-85 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 0-82 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 3-32 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 3-26 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 75-85 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 4-10 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 8-30 ppm. In some embodiments, the zinc (Zn) concentration is between about 6-27 ppm.

[0074] In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.1 ppm; 0.15 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.2 ppm; 1.4 ppm; 1.6 ppm; 1.8 ppm; 2 ppm; 3 ppm; 4 ppm; 5 ppm; 6 ppm; 8 ppm; 10 ppm; 20 ppm; 30 ppm; 40 ppm; 50 ppm; 60 ppm; 80 ppm; or 100 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0075] In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-2 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-1.6 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 1.2- 1.8 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-0.9 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.2-0.7 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0-2 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.1-1.0 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.2-0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is between about 0.6-0.8 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is higher than 0.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is higher than 0.15 ppm. In some embodiments, the iron (Fe) concentration is higher than 0.2 ppm.

[0076] In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 1 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; 15 ppm; 20 ppm; 25 ppm; 30 ppm; 50 ppm; 60 ppm; 70 ppm; 75 ppm; 80 ppm; 90 ppm; or 100 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0077] In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.01-0.05 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.01-0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.015-0.25 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0.01-0.25 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 0-0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 15-25 ppb. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 19-24 ppb. In some embodiments, the vanadium (V) concentration is between about 19-20 ppb.

[0078] In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 1 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; 15 ppm; 20 ppm; 25 ppm; 30 ppm; 50 ppm; 60 ppm; 70 ppm; 75 ppm; 80 ppm; 90 ppm; or 100 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0079] In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-40 ppm. In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-30 ppm. In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-25 ppm. In some embodiments, the selenium (Se) concentration is between about 0-100 ppm.

[0080] In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; 15 ppm; 20 ppm; 25 ppm; 50 ppm; 75 ppm; 80 ppm; 90 ppm; or 100 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0081] In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.01-1 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.1-1 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.1-0.7 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.2-0.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is between about 0.4-0.8 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is lower than 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Barium (Ba) concentration is higher than 0.5 ppm.

[0082] In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0083] In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0 and 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0 and 0.01 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0.2 and 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0 and 0.3 ppm. In some embodiments, the Uranium (U) concentration is between about 0.1 and 0.6 ppm. [0084] In some embodiments, the Aluminium (Al) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0085] In some embodiments, the Aluminium (Al) concentration is between about 0 and 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Aluminium (Al) concentration is between about 0.1 and 1 ppm. In some embodiments, the Aluminium (Al) concentration is between about 0.2 and 0.8 ppm. In some embodiments, the Aluminium (Al) concentration is between about 0.1 and 0.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Aluminium (Al) concentration is between about 0.2 and 0.1 ppm.

[0086] In some embodiments, the Chromium (Cr) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.15 ppm; 0.17 ppm; 0.18 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0087] In some embodiments, the Chromium (Cr) concentration is between about 0 and 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Chromium (Cr) concentration is between about 0.01 and 0.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the Chromium (Cr) concentration is between about 0.02 and 1 ppm. In some embodiments, the Chromium (Cr) concentration is between about 0.5 and 1.5 ppm. In some embodiments, the Chromium (Cr) concentration is between about 0.2 and 2 ppm.

[0088] In some embodiments, the Cobalt (Co) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.017 ppm; 0.018 ppm; 0.019 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0089] In some embodiments, the Nickel (Ni) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.001 ppm, 0.0015 ppm, 0.002 ppm, 0.005 ppm, 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.06 ppm; 0.08 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0090] In some embodiments, the Copper (Cu) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.06 ppm, 0.07 ppm, 0.1 ppm; 0.12 ppm; 0.13 ppm; 0.14 ppm; 0.15 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0091] In some embodiments, the Arsenic (As) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.2 ppm, 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 4 ppm, 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0092] In some embodiments, the Cadmium (Cd) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.001 ppm; 0.0015 ppm; 0.0017 ppm, 0.002 ppm; 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.15 ppm; 0.17 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.2 ppm, 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 4 ppm, 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0093] In some embodiments, the Lead (Pb) concentration in the extract is at least about 0.001 ppm; 0.0015 ppm; 0.0017 ppm, 0.002 ppm; 0.004 ppm; 0.006 ppm; 0.008 ppm; 0.01 ppm; 0.015 ppm; 0.02 ppm; 0.04 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.15 ppm; 0.17 ppm; 0.2 ppm; 0.25 ppm; 0.3 ppm; 0.35 ppm; 0.4 ppm; 0.45 ppm; 0.5 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.6 ppm; 0.8 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.2 ppm, 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; 3 ppm; 4 ppm, 5 ppm; 10 ppm; or 25 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0094] In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is lower than about 20,000 ppm; 18,000 ppm; 16000 ppm; 15,000 ppm; 13,000 ppm; 12,000 ppm; 10,000 ppm; 8,000 ppm; 7500 ppm; 7000 ppm; 6500 ppm; 6000 ppm; 5500 ppm; 5000 ppm; 4500 ppm; 4000 ppm; 3500 ppm; 3000 ppm; 2500 ppm or 2000 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0095] In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 500-5000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1000-4000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1800-3500 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 2000-3400 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 2300-2800 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1800-3300 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 600-1000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1000-3000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1500-3500 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is between about 1700-3500 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is lower than 8000 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is higher than 300 ppm. In some embodiments, the calcium (Ca) concentration in the extract is higher than 300 ppm but lower than 8000 ppm.

[0096] In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration in the extract is lower than about 30,000 ppm; 25,000 ppm; 20000 ppm; 15,000 ppm; 12,000 ppm; 10,000 ppm; 9,000 ppm; 8,000 ppm; 7500 ppm; 7000 ppm; 6500 ppm; 6000 ppm; 5500 ppm; 5000 ppm; 4500 ppm; 4000 ppm; 3500 ppm; 3000 ppm; 2500 ppm or 2000 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0097] In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 5000-6500 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 5500- 6100 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 5900-6100 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is between about 4500-6500 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is lower than 10000 ppm. In some embodiments, the magnesium (Mg) concentration is lower than 7000 ppm.

[0098] In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration in the extract is lower than about 30,000 ppm; 25,000 ppm; 20000 ppm; 15,000 ppm; 12,000 ppm; 10,000 ppm; 9,000 ppm; 8,000 ppm; 7500 ppm; 7400 ppm; 7300 ppm; 7200 ppm; 7100 ppm; 7000 ppm; 6500 ppm; 6000 ppm; 5500 ppm; 5000 ppm; 4000 ppm or 2000 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0099] In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5000-7200 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5500-6000 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5900-6000 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5800-7200 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 5800-6500 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is between about 6100-6400 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is lower than 10000 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is lower than 7500 ppm. In some embodiments, the sodium (Na) concentration is lower than 7100 ppm.

[0100] In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration in the extract is lower than about 50,000 ppm; 40,000 ppm; 30000 ppm; 20,000 ppm; 15,000 ppm; 10,000 ppm; 8,000 ppm; 7,000 ppm; 6000 ppm; 5000 ppm; 4000 ppm; 3500 ppm; 3300 ppm; 3100 ppm; 3000 ppm; 2800 ppm; 2600 ppm; 2500 ppm; 2300 ppm; 2000 ppm; 1800 ppm; 1600 ppm; 1500 ppm; 1300 ppm; 1000 ppm; 800 ppm; or 750 ppm; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0101] In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 500-2000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1200-1500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1400-1500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1800 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1100 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 1000-1200 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is between about 750-1300 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 30000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 20000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 3000 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 2500 ppm. In some embodiments, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than 2000 ppm.

[0102] The total concentration of the major elements in Dead Sea Mud solutions (Na+Ca+Mg+K), as descried in Example 6 herein below, is ranging between 12500-18500 ppm whereas for the DSS (dead sea salt) and DSW (dead sea water) solutions the range is: 40000-100000, which is 3-6 times larger. Accordingly, the mud solutions are “sweeter” solutions, or less “salty”. However, while the concentration of the major elements Ca, Na, K, Mg is relatively low, the Mud solution comprise a larger proportion of trace elements with respect to DSW and DSS. This means, in term of formulation, that the mud solution, which is “less concentrated” in terms of major elements salts, can be incorporated in larger quantities in emulsions without causing instability, compared to Dead Sea Water or Dead Sea Salts, while providing larger concentration of trace elements, which are known to be beneficial for the skin homeostasis, to the formulation.

[0103] Accordingly, the mud extract solutions described in the present invention contain around 10 gr/liter of minerals whereas the Dead Sea water contain about 34 gr/liter. Therefore, in some embodiments, a mud extract according to the invention comprises between about 1 and 30 gr/liter; 5-15 gr/liter; 8-12 gr/liter; 9-14 gr/liter; 11-14 gr/liter of minerals; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, a mud extract according to the invention comprises at least about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 gr/liter of minerals; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, a mud extract according to the invention comprises about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 gr/liter of minerals; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0104] The mud extract according to this invention can be used for a novel composition, which is based on a Dead Sea mud mineral solution for skincare applications. These mud mineral solutions can be used as is, as mineral mud water, face, or body toner, or it can be further used as an ingredient in cosmetic or dermatological formulations. [0105] Depending on the mode of preparation of the mineral extraction, the mud extract minerals concentration varies. This can apply to any type of mud or mineral powder.

Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Compositions

[0106] In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention can be used AS IS for topical application. In some embodiments, the mud extract can be used AS IS with addition of preservatives. In various embodiments, the mud extract can be formulated in various ways and in large quantities leading to innovative and new transparent or uncolored mud-based skin care products as the mud extract can be applied topically, without the inconvenience of applying the mud itself.

[0107] The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions comprising the polar solvent extract of mud according to the invention, for topical skin application. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea Mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents as defined hereinabove.

[0108] The formulations can vary from water, toner, spray, gel, emulsions, body and/or facial cleansing products and allow the preparation of total innovative transparent and/or uncolored mud products.

[0109] More specifically, the present invention relates to compositions for prevention and treatment of skin related disorders such as: psoriasis, arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis (very dry skin), atopic dermatitis, eczema, diaper rush, sensitive skin, skin burns of stage I, rheumatism, delayed wound healing, and acne, and for cosmetic use for retaining skin moisture and repairing of impaired skin. In some embodiments, the compositions are useful in treatment and relieving back pan such as chronic lower back pain. In other embodiments, the compositions have antimicrobial effect, anti-inflammatory effect, or combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0110] The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition for topical application for the treatment of skin disorders and skin diseases, comprising between about 0.1 and 99.9 wt.% water based Dead Sea Mud extract according to this invention as an active ingredient. Said composition is for cosmetic use and/or pharmaceutical use in treating skin disorders and skin diseases such as psoriasis, arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis (very dry skin), atopic dermatitis, eczema, diaper rush, sensitive skin, skin burns of stage I, rheumatism, delayed wound healing, and acne. The mud extract of the invention is also for use as a leave-on cosmetic composition for beautifying and enhancing the skin appearance. [0111] In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprises at least 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% or 99.9% w/w of polar solvent-based mud extract; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprises between about 0.1%-99.9%, 50%-99.9%, 75%-99.5%, 85%-99.5% w/w polar solvent-based mud extract; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the polar solvent-based mud extract is water-based Dead Sea mud extract.

[0112] In some embodiments of the invention, the composition comprises between about 0.1% to 90%, 0.1%-10%; 0.5%-15%, 0.5% to 10%, l%-6%, 45-90% w/w, 55-85% w/w, 15-70% w/w, 20-50% w/w or 30-60% w/w of a polar solvent-based mud extract; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the polar solvent- based mud extract is water based Dead Sea mud extract. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the two solvents are selected from: water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, iso-propanol), polyol (e.g., glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and/or hexanediol), preferably wherein the two solvents are water and polyol, more preferably wherein the water is demineralized water, and the polyol is glycerin and/or propanediol, most preferably propanediol.

[0113] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 89%, 89.5%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 94%, 94.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% or 99.9% w/w of the mud extract according to this invention; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0114] In some embodiments of the invention, the composition further comprises up to 50, 40, 30, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05 wt% of Dead Sea water; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise up to 4 wt% Dead Sea water. In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise up to 0.5 wt% Dead Sea water.

[0115] In various embodiments, in addition to the mud extract, the composition according to the invention may further comprise a fragrance, a surfactant, an essential oil, a plant extract, a hydrogenated oil, a vitamin, a peptide, a polyphenol, a polysaccharide, a gelling agent, a conditioning agent, a cationic polymer, a preservative, or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise a fragrance.

[0116] In some embodiments, the composition according to the invention may further comprise ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic cream. In some embodiments the cream may be water in oil. In some embodiments the cream may be oil in water. In various embodiments, typical ingredients include but are not limited to: emulsifiers, including polymeric emulsifiers (e.g., Ceteareth 30, glyceryl stearate, Peg-40 stearate, sorbitan tristearate, polyacrylate crosspolymer), emollients including but not limited to: vegetable oils, mineral oils, silicon oil (e.g., Dimethicone), esters (e.g., octyl palmitate), thickeners including but not limited to: waxes and clays (e.g.: Cetearyl Alcohol, Hexadeacanol, Candelilla wax, hectorite), humectants including but not limited to: polyols (e.g.: glycerin, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol), urea, plant extracts (e.g. Aloe Barbadensis Extract), preservatives (e.g., phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, sodiumanisate, 1-Methylparaben, propylparben), vitamins (e.g., Vitamin E Tocopherol), sunscreens and powders (e.g., zinc oxide), polymers (e.g., sodium hyaluronate, xanthan gum); and/or fragrance; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the cream further comprises at least one selected from: glycerin, sodium hyaluronate, phenoxyethanol, ethyhexylglycerin, disteardimonium hectorite, Polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate, sorbitan isostearate, phytosqualane, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, silica and 05-19 Alkane.

[0117] In some embodiments, the composition according to the invention may further comprise ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic spray. In various embodiments, the ingredients may include: glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol or any other polyol, humectant, biomix pure (blend of citrus extracts in natural benzyl alcohol or phenethyl alcohol), vitamins, peptides, plant extracts, fermented extracts, minerals, fragrances or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0118] In some embodiments, the composition according to the invention may further comprise ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic mask. In various embodiments, the ingredients include but not limited to: polyols (e.g., hydrolite®, 1,2- Octanediol, caprylyl glycol, penthylene glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol), sodium anistate, xanthan gum, natural and synthetic oils, waxes, minerals, clays, vitamins, peptides, sugars, plants extracts, fragrances or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0119] In some embodiments, the composition according to the invention may further comprise ingredients suitable for the preparation of cosmetic serum. In various embodiments, the ingredients may include: emulsifiers, polysacharides and polymeric surfactants (e.g., xanthan gum, lecithin, sclerotium gum), polysaccharide (e.g., pullulan), polyacrylate cross-polymer, or any combination thereof; active ingredients such as adenosine, peptides, vitamins, aminoacids, alpha and beta acids (salicylic acids, glycolic acids), probiotic lysates, prebiotic extracts, plant extracts, polyols, natural and synthetic oils, esters, and/or fragrances; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0120] In some embodiments, the composition according to the invention may further comprise preservatives, including but not limited to: polyols (e.g., pentylene glycol), sodium anistate, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, sodiumbenzoate, parabens, or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the composition is self-preserved.

[0121] In some embodiments, the composition according to the invention may further comprise active ingredients including but not limited to: allantoin, adenosine, peptides, vitamins, amino acids, alpha and beta acids (salicylic acids, glycolic acids), probiotic lysates, prebiotic extracts, plant extracts, and/or enzymes. In some embodiments, the active ingredients are selected from: vitamins, peptides, acids, glycans, glycosaminoglycans, plant extracts, dead sea mud, polysaccharides, and alcohol.

[0122] In some embodiments of the invention, in particular for rinsed off products (for skin and/or hair) and/or cleansing products the composition further comprises at least one surfactant. In some embodiments, the surfactant includes an ionic and a non-ionic surfactant. In some embodiments, the ionic surfactant is one or more of taurate, isethionate, sulfonate, and sulfosuccinate. In some embodiments, the non-ionic surfactant is one or more of an alcohol, alkanolamide, ester and amine oxide. In some embodiments, the alcohol is cetyl or stearyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the amine oxide is cocamodopropylamine oxide and the like. In some embodiments, the surfactant includes a mixture of an anionic surfactant derived from taurate, isethionate, sulfonate and/or sulfosuccinate or any combination thereof and an amphoteric surfactant derived from at least one betain or lauroamphoacetate. In some embodiments of the invention, the surfactant includes a mixture of a non-ionic surfactant derived from alcohol, alkanolamide, ester or amine oxide or any combination thereof; and an amphoteric surfactant derived from at least one betain or lauroamphoacetate. In some embodiments, rinse off products my further include conditioners such as polycationic polymers (e.g., polyquaternium).

[0123] In some embodiments of the invention, the composition further includes at least one selected from: glycerin, ethanol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and a polyglycol.

[0124] According to some embodiments, the compositions contain at least one oil selected from the group of vegetable oils, esters, silicone oils and any combination thereof. [0125] The compositions can contain active ingredients such as vitamins, peptides, acids, glycans, glycosaminoglycans, plant extracts, Dead Sea mud, polysaccharides, alcohol, and other known active ingredients for skin and/or hair improvement.

[0126] In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises one or more of polyol including but not limited to: glycerine, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and / or any other type of polyglycol. In some embodiments of the invention, the amount of the one or more of glycerin, ethanol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and / or any other type of poly glycol is between 0.1 to 50% w/w, between 0.1 to 10% w/w, between 1 to 50% w/w, between 10 to 50% w/w, between 2 to 50% w/w, between 30 to 50% w/w; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0127] In a particular embodiment, the composition can include at least one vegetable oil, ester, nonpolar oil, or any combination thereof.

[0128] In some embodiments of the invention the composition further comprises an essential oil. In some embodiments of the invention, the essential oil is an oil commonly used in cosmetic, such as without limitation, peppermint oil, orange essential oil, lavender oil, Jasmin oil and the like. In some embodiments of the invention, the amount of the essential oil is between 0.01 to 5% w/w. In some embodiments of the invention, the amount of the essential oil is between 0.01 to 3% w/w. In some embodiments of the invention, the amount of the essential oil is between 0.01 to 2% w/w. In some embodiments of the invention, the amount of the essential oil is between 0.01 to 1% w/w. In some embodiments of the invention, the amount of the essential oil is between 0.01 to 0.1% w/w.

[0129] According to some embodiments, the compositions may include any additional number of ingredients, including conditioning agents, thickeners, polymers or any combination thereof.

[0130] In some embodiments, the composition further contains a gelling agent such as PVP (polyvinylpyrrolydone) or cellulose derived gelling agents such as hydroxyethylcellulose or xanthan gum or polyacrylate such as polyacrylate crosspolymer-6 or a mixture thereof.

[0131] According to some embodiments, the composition of the invention may be a cleansing composition, an exfoliating composition, or both. The compositions may be formulated as a facial composition, body composition, shampoo, mask, toner, serum, cream, including scalp cream, and the like.

[0132] According to some embodiments of the invention, the composition may be in a form of a liquid gel, shampoo, cream, a shower gel, a hair lotion, an exfoliating gel or a soap. [0133] In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention may be added to cosmetic oil- in-water emulsion comprising of ingredients suitable for the preparation of a cosmetic cream as described hereinabove.

[0134] The preparation of creams according to the present invention involves the facilitation of non-ionic emulsifiers such as ethoxilated sorbitan esters, sorbitan esters, ethoxilated alcohols or fatty acids, alkyl glucosides, mono- and di-glycerides etc.

[0135] Sclerotium Gum (Amigel), optionally used in the composition of the present invention, is a polysaccharide gum produced by the bacteria Sclerotium rolfssii, composed of glucose monomers. It has gelling and thickening characteristics being able to form a gel without being neutralized and shows a good stability. Also optionally used in the present invention are preservatives, such as methylparaben, propylparaben, imidazolidinyl urea and bronopol, emulsifiers and co emulsifiers such as PEG-40 (polyethylene glycol) stearate, sorbitan tristearate and glyceryl stearate, emollients such as cetyl alcohol, octyl palmitate and hexyl laurate and sunscreens such as octyl methoxycinnamate. Perfumes may be added to the composition, such as elixia perfume. Solvents, other than water, may be used, such as propylene glycol.

A Process for the preparation of Mud Extract according to this invention

[0136] In some embodiments, the polar solvent-based mud extract of the invention is prepared by: a. mixing the raw mud in polar media; b. agitating the mixture (e.g., medium agitation); c. optionally letting the mixture to stand for a predetermined period (i.e., soaking the mixture) at a predetermined temperature; and d. filtering the solid residue from the mixture, thereby obtaining the polar solvent-based mud extract.

[0137] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a polar solvent-based mud extract comprising: a. mixing the raw mud in polar media; b. agitating the mixture (e.g., medium agitation); c. optionally letting the mixture to stand for a predetermined period (i.e., soaking the mixture) at a predetermined temperature; and d. filtering the solid residue from the mixture, thereby obtaining the polar solvent-based mud extract. [0138] In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar media comprises water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, iso-propanol), polyol (e.g., glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol) or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent-based mud extract is a solution. In some embodiments, the polar solvent-based mud extract is a homogenic solution. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out during a fixed period. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out during a period of up to 24 hrs, up to 8 hrs, up to 2 hrs; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out during a period of 0.5 hours, 1 hr, 1.5 hrs, 2 hrs; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is left to stand overnight. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is soaked overnight. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is left to stand for up to 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 16 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, or 96 hrs; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the predetermined period is up to 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 16 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, or 96 hrs; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mixture in step c is left to stand at a temperature of up to 60 °C, 55°C, 50 °C, 45 °C, 40°C, 35°C, 25 °C or at room temperature; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the predetermined temperature is between 0°C and 50°C, between 15°C and 50°C, between 20°C and 40°C, between 15°C and 80°C, between 0°C and 100°C, between 20°C and 30°C, between 15°C and 45°C; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the predetermined temperature is 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C, 85 °C, 90 °C, 95 °C, 100 °C; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the polar media comprises water (e.g., demineralized water), alcohol (preferably ethanol or iso-propanol), polyol (preferably glycerin, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol or hexanediol) or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar media comprises water (e.g., demineralized water), glycerin, propanediol or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar media comprises a mixture of at least two solvents as defined hereinabove. In some embodiments, the ratio between the water and the polyol comprised in the polar media is between about 0.1:10 to about 10:0.1, between about 1:4 to about 4:1, between about 1:2 to about 2:1, or about 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 2:3, 3:2, 1:3, 3:1, 3:4, 4:3, 3:5, 5:3, 3:7 or 7:3; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio between the mud and the polar media is between about 0.1:10 to about 10:0.1, between about 1:4 to about 4:1, or about 1:1; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the ratio between the mud and the polar media is: 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the polar solvent-based mud extract is a homogenic solution. In some embodiments, the polar solvent-based mud extract is a transparent solution. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out for a fixed period. In some embodiments, for 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 0.5 hour, 1 hr, 2 hrs, 4, hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out at a temperature of up to 80 °C; 70 °C; 60 °C; 50 °C, 45 °C, 35 °C, or at room temperature; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, after agitation, in step c, the mixture is left to stand for a predetermined period, for example: overnight, 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out at a predetermined temperature, for example: at room temperature, at 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out with a high shear mixer (e.g., a homogenizer). In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out with a propeller. In some embodiments, the agitation is carried out with a magnetic stirrer. In some embodiments, the mixture is centrifuged before filtration (after step c and before step d). In some embodiments, the mixture is centrifuged for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60 minutes; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mixture is centrifuged at 1000, 1500, 200, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000 rpm; each is a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the supernatant is separated from the mixture prior to filtration.

[0139] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a polar solvent-based mud extract comprising: a. mixing the raw mud in polar media; b. agitating the mixture (e.g., medium agitation); c. optionally letting the mixture to stand for a predetermined period (i.e., soaking the mixture) at a predetermined temperature; d. centrifugation of the mixture; and e. filtering the solid residue from the mixture, thereby obtaining the polar solvent-based mud extract.

[0140] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a polar solvent fraction of a Dead Sea mud, i.e. a polar solvent based extract of a Dead Sea mud, said process comprises the step of: a. treating Dead Sea mud with a polar solvent (e.g., water); b. isolating a fraction soluble in said polar solvent; thereby obtaining a polar solvent-based extract of Dead Sea mud, which contains mud minerals.

[0141] In some embodiments, the mud minerals are extracted using a polar solvent, such as but not limited to: water, alcohols, polyols, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the mud is mixed with the solvent. In some embodiments, after mixing under certain conditions, after mixing and letting the mixture to stand for a predetermined period or after just allowing the mixture to stand for a predetermined period, the liquid is separated from the solid fraction of the mud. In some embodiments, this liquid phase constitutes a mud extract or mud mineral solution, which in some embodiments may be transparent. In some embodiments, the mud is a Dead Sea mud. Analysis of the mineral content of the mud mineral solutions was obtained in various cases, using different methods of agitation, different solvents for extracting the minerals, in which, in one embodiment the mud was Dead Sea mud. The analysis of the various cases revealed rich mineral solutions, which varied in their mineral contents depending on the extraction solvent used, ratios mud to solvent, mixing method and time (e.g., agitation, stirring, centrifuging, etc.).

Biological activity

[0142] In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention is useful in treating various skin disorders, including but not limited to: psoriasis, arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis (very dry skin), atopic dermatitis, eczema, diaper rush, sensitive skin, skin burns of stage I, rheumatism, delayed wound healing, and acne; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention is useful in treating various scalp and/or hair conditions, including but not limited to: dandruff, itchy scalp, oily scalp, sensitive scalp, alopecia or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention is useful for cosmetic use for retaining skin moisture and repairing of impaired skin. In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention is useful in treatment and relieving back pan such as chronic lower back pain. In other embodiments, the mud extract of the invention has antimicrobial effect, anti-inflammatory effect, or combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0143] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting a skin disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from a skin disease or disorder under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the skin disease or disorder in said subject. In some embodiments, the skin disease or disorder is: psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis (very dry skin), atopic dermatitis, eczema, diaper rush, sensitive skin, skin burns of stage I, delayed wound healing, and acne, or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0144] In some embodiments, the mud extract of the invention is useful in treating various hair and/or scalp conditions, including but not limited to: dandruff, itchy scalp, oily scalp, sensitive scalp, alopecia or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention.

[0145] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting a hair and/or scalp condition in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from a hair and/or scalp condition under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the hair and/or scalp condition in said subject. In some embodiments, the hair and/or scalp condition is: dandruff, itchy scalp, oily scalp, sensitive scalp, alopecia or any combination thereof; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0146] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting psoriasis in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from psoriasis under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the psoriasis in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0147] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting psoriatic arthritis in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from psoriatic arthritis under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the psoriatic arthritis in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0148] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting arthritis in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from arthritis under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the arthritis in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0149] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting rheumatoid arthritis in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from rheumatoid arthritis under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the rheumatoid arthritis in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0150] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting seborrheic dermatitis in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from seborrheic dermatitis under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the seborrheic dermatitis in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0151] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting xerosis (very dry skin) in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from xerosis under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the xerosis in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0152] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting atopic dermatitis in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from atopic dermatitis under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the atopic dermatitis in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0153] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting eczema in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from eczema under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the eczema in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0154] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting acne in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from acne under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the acne in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0155] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting diaper rush in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from diaper rush under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the diaper rush in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0156] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting skin burns of stage I in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from skin burns of stage I under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the skin burns of stage I in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0157] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of speeding wound healing in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent-based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from a delayed wound healing under conditions effective to speed the wound healing in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0158] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting back pain in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from back pain under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the back pain in said subject. In some embodiments, the back pain is chronic. In some embodiments, the back pain in lower back pain. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0159] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting inflammation in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from inflammation under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the inflammation in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0160] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting a microbial infection in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject suffering from microbial infection under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit the microbial infection in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water. In some embodiments, the extract comprises selenium-based minerals.

[0161] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of retaining skin moisture and repairing of impaired skin in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent-based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject under conditions effective for retaining skin moisture and repairing of impaired skin in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

[0162] In some embodiments, this invention is directed to a method of soothing and/or calming the skin in a subject, comprising administering a a composition comprising an effective amount of a polar solvent-based extract of mud according to this invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject under conditions effective for soothing and/or calming the skin in said subject. In some embodiments, the mud is Dead Sea mud. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises a mixture of at least two solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvent comprises water.

Definitions

[0163] “Dead Sea Mud” (Silt) according to this invention is a stable black paste solid (at 25°C) with specific density of 1.6 -1.8 g/ml, pH = 6.4 - 7.6, Water content of 30 - 40 %/w and less than 100 cfu/gr and non-pathogenic microbes. The chemical identity of Dead Sea mud is natural sediment, mixture of solid mineral clays with interstitial solution of inorganic salts and sulfide compounds originated from microbiological activity, with particle size 86-98% < 0.005 mm, 2-9% 0.005-0.02 mm, 0-7% > 0.02 mm. The major constituents of Dead Sea Mud according to this invention are: In the solid phase (60-70%): (a) Water soluble: Halite (20-40%); (b) HC1 soluble: Carbonates (30-40%): calcite, dolomite, aragonite; (c) Non HCl-Soluble matter: Silicates (30-40%): quarts, montmorollonite, feldspar, kaolonite. In the liquid phase (30-40% dissolved as ions in water): (a) chloride (Cl ) 148-190 g/1 (b) sodium (Na ⁺ ) 22-32 g/1 (c) magnesium (Mg ²⁺ ) 30-40 g/1 (d) calcium (Ca ²⁺ ) 10-15 g/1 (e) potassium (K ⁺ ) 6-8 g/1. In some embodiments, “Raw Mud” according to this invention comprises Silt (e.g., Dead Sea Mud), Aqua (Water), and preservative (e.g., Phenoxy ethanol). In some embodiments, the raw mud contains up to 40%; 35%; 30%; 25%; 23%; 22%; 21%; 20%; 18%; 15%; 10%; 5% water; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the raw mud contains up to 95%; 90%; 85%; 80%; 75%; 70%; 65%; 60%; 55%; 50%; 45%; 40% silt; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the raw mud contains up to 10%; 7%; 5%; 4%; 3%; 2%; 1.5%; 1%; 0.5%; 0.1% preservative; each represents a separate embodiment according to this invention. In some embodiments, the preservative is Phenoxy ethanol. In some embodiments, the raw mud contains about 20-22% water, about 77-79% of silt, and about 1% of preservative.

[0164] As used herein, the term “mud extract” refers to a solution (e.g., homogenic) of mud in a solvent (as defined hereinabove), which is obtained after filtration of the solid residues, which remains after mixing a fixed amount of mud and fixed amount of solvent together (with or without letting the mixture to stand for a predetermined period). Examples 1-12 are non-limiting examples of preparation of mud extracts according to this invention. In some embodiments, the mud extract is a homogenic solution. In some embodiments, the mud extract is a dispersion. In some embodiments, the mud extract is transparent. In some embodiments, the mud extract is colorless.

[0165] “Polar solvent extract of Dead Sea Mud” according to this invention refers to the soluble content of Dead Sea mud (supernatant), formed when the mud is mixed with at least one polar solvent. In some embodiments, the extract is a homogenic solution comprising the polar solvent(s) and the soluble content of the mud within the solvent(s), as defined herein above. In some embodiments, the soluble content of Dead Sea mud in polar solvent(s) comprises minerals which are present in Dead Sea Mud.

[0166] Polar solvents suitable for use in the mud extract of the invention may be selected from water, an alcohol, a polyol, an ether, an ester, an amide, an aldehyde, a ketone, a nitrile, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is water, alcohol, polyol or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the polyol is glycerol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and/or hexanediol. Non limiting examples of other polar organic solvents include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 1 -butanol, 2-butanol, sec- butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, neopentanol, 3-methyl- 1 -butanol, 2- methyl-1 -butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, ethyleneglycol, ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethyl ether, methylethyl ether, ethylpropyl ether, methylpropyl ether, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dihydrofuran, furan, pyran, dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetaldehyde, methylformate, ethylformate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, dichloromethane, chloroform, dimethylformamide, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, ethylmethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetonitrile, propionitrile, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is selected from water, ethanol, glycerin, propanediol or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvent is water.

[0167] “Dead Sea Water”, according to this invention comprise a clear colorless viscous liquid (at 25°C) with a specific density of 1.2 - 1.36 g/ml, pH = 4.5 - 5.5 (at 25°C), less than 100 cfu/gr and nonpathogenic microbes. The major constituents of the Dead Sea Water referred to in the present invention, as assessed by a water analysis carried out by the Geological Survey of Israel are: (a) Calcium (Ca ⁺² ) 36000 - 40000 mg/1; (b) Chloride (Cl ) 320000 - 370000 mg/ 1; (c) Magnesium (Mg ⁺² ) 90000 - 95000 mg/1; (d) Potassium (K ⁺ ) 1300 - 1500 mg/1; (e) Sodium (Na ⁺ ) 1500 - 2500 mg/1; (f) Bromide (Br - ) 11000 - 12000 mg/1; (g) Strontium (Sr ² *) 750 - 850 mg/1;

[0168] In the context of the present invention the term "cosmetic cream" relates to an oil-in- water emulsion, suitable for applying to skin, of various viscosity ranges including milk, lotion, cream, and ointment.

[0169] The term "pharmaceutical cream" relates to an oil-in-water emulsion of various viscosity including milk, lotion, cream, and ointment for the use of treating (healing) and preventing or delaying skin disorders and diseases. The term "leave on cream" (in contrary to "rinse off) relates to a cream that may be in prolonged contact with the skin and can be applied to the skin without the need to wipe it off in any way.

[0170] The following examples are given by way of illustration for the preparation of compositions, their testing, and methods of administering the same, according to various embodiments of the invention. However, these examples are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. EXAMPLES

General

[0171] Raw Dead Sea mud which was used in the following examples was purchased from T.D.O.T Industries & Inti Trade Ltd. and has the following specifications:

[0172] The mud has a relative density of 0.95-1.05 and a pH value of 5.5-7.5.

EXAMPLE 1

FACIAL MUD WATER SPRAY FORMULATION

[0173] Raw Dead Sea mud (50 gr) and distilled water (50gr) were mixed under medium agitation for 1 hour and allowed to stay overnight at room temperature. The mixture was then centrifuged during 6 minutes at 3000rpm. The solution was then separated from the solid part and then filtered. An analysis of the supernatant revealed that the mud extract contains oligo-elements (i.e., trace elements) including: zinc, iron, manganese and strontium, as well as other trace elements, and major elements including: calcium sodium magnesium and potassium with a total mineral content of about 10 gr/liter.

[0174] Addition of preservative system (0.5% sodium anisate + 0.5% pentylene glycol)

Table 1. An example of facial mud water spray formulation according to this invention:

EXAMPLE 2

TRANSPARENT MUD MASK

[0175] A mixture of Dead Sea mud in distilled water and glycerin (50 gr mud/ 25 gr glycerin + 25 gr water) was mixed under medium agitation for one hour and allowed to stay overnight at room temperature. The mixture was then centrifuged during 6 minutes at 3000 rpm. The solution was separated from the solid part and filtered.

Table 2. An example of a transparent mud musk formulation according to this invention:

EXAMPLE 3

MUD SERUM

Table 3. An example of mud serum formulation according to this invention:

EXAMPLE 4

RICH MUD MOISTURIZER (CREAM)

Table 4. An example of rich mud moisturizer formulation according to this invention:

Process:

[0176] Phase A was prepared and mixed until becoming homogeneous, Phase B was separately prepared and mixed until becoming homogeneous. Phase A was added into Phase B slowly under high shear mixing.

EXAMPLE 5

PREPARATION OF MUD EXTRACT

[0177] Raw Dead Sea mud (50gr) and demineralized water (50gr) were mixed under medium agitation during half an hour to one hour and allowed to stay overnight at room temperature. The mixtures were then centrifuged during 6 minutes at 3000 rpm. The solutions were then separated from the solid part and filtered.

[0178] An analysis of the mineral contents of four different Dead Sea water-based Mud extracts is depicted in Tables 5A-5D below:

Table 5A. Solution Ml: 50 gr water/50 gr Dead Sea Mud; Mix for 30 minutes; Centrifuge; Collect supernatant; Filter; Addition of preservative system (0.5% sodium anisate + 0.5% pentylene glycol).

Table 5B. Solution M2: 50 gr water/50 gr Dead Sea Mud; Mix for 1 hour; Let stand overnight; Centrifuge; Collect supernatant; Filter; Addition of preservative system (0.5% sodium anisate + 0.5% pentylene glycol).

Table 5C. Solution M3: 25 gr water / 25 gr glycerin / 50 gr Dead Sea Mud; Mix for 1 hour; Let stand overnight; Centrifuge; Collect supernatant; Filter; Addition of preservative system (0.5% sodium anisate + 0.5% pentylene glycol).

Table 5D. Solution M4: Demineralized Water + preservative system (0.5% sodium anisate + 0.5% pentylene glycol).

Results:

[0179] Solution Ml (Table 5A) was mixed and tested and Solution M2 (Table 5B) was left standing for overnight after mixing. Results show accumulation of the trace element Zn in Solution M2 (81.4ppm) and not in Solution Ml (<0.5ppm). Comparison between Table 5A and Table 5B demonstrates that overnight soaking has a significant impact on the mineral’s concentration of the extracts.

EXAMPLE 6

COMPARATIVE RESULTS: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT DEAD SEA SALT (DSS) / WATER (DSW) / MUD SOLUTIONS

[0180] The results of elemental analysis (ICP-MS) on five different solutions after dilution x200, are disclosed in Table 6. Table 6 A discloses the corrected values (Table 6’s values multiplied by 200)

Table 6. Elemental analysis results (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud / Water (DSW) / Salt (DSS) solutions 1-5, after 1 hr mixing, 24 hrs soaking, following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant; filtration and x200 dilution:

^(a) Water + Glycerin + Dead Sea Mud: Filtered extract of the supernatant of a solution of 50% Dead Sea Mud, 25% glycerin and 25% water

^(b) Water + DSS: solution of 50% Dead Sea Salt (DSS) in water

^(c) Water + DSW: Solution of 50% Dead Sea Water (DSW) and 50% water

^(d) Water + Mud: Filtered extract of the supernatant of a solution 50% of Dead Sea Mud and 50% water ^(e) Water + Zemea® (i.e., propanediol) + Dead Sea Mud: Filtered extract of the supernatant of a solution of 50% Dead Sea Mud, 25% propanediol and 25% water

Table 6A. Elemental analysis results (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud / Water (DSW) / Salt (DSS) solutions 1-5, after 1 hr mixing, 24 hrs soaking, following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Corrected values (Table 6’s results multiplied by 200).

[0181] All mud solutions were mixed for 1 hour, left to stand for 24 hours, and then the supernatant was collected and filtered.

Results:

[0182] The elemental analysis results show that: a. the total level of salts present in the Dead Sea mud extracts is 3 to 5 times lower compared to Dead Sea salts (DSS) or Dead Sea water (DSW); b. the level of major elements in the Dead Sea mud extracts are lower (Na, Mg, K) compared to DSS and DSW and (Ca) when compared to Dead Sea Water; c. the levels of trace elements in the Dead Sea mud extract are higher in particular with the addition of a second solvent such as glycerin or propanediol; d. the Dead Sea mud extract in propanediol shows high levels of selenium which are necessary for cellular functions including enzyme activity like glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and deiodinases. Selenium can also influence bacterial growth and can impact the body microbiota. Selenium dependant processes are all oxidation-reduction reactions. The effect of selenium on lipid peroxidation has been studied in cultured human skin fibroblasts ( “From Probiotic to Prebiotic using Thermal Spring water”, Joshua Zeichner. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. June 2018). Selenium has been shown to preserve keratinocyte sternness and delay senescence (Jobeili L, et al, Aging, 2017). It has also been associated with DNA repair. (Favrot et al, Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018); e. since Dead Sea mud is a natural element, the presence of minerals can vary from one extract to the other explaining the presence of zinc in the first water/glycerin extracts and not in the second. Zinc deficiency has been correlated to skin disorders, delayed wound healing and alopecia (Zinc and skin disorders, Youichi et al, Nutrients 2018). The presence of zinc in the epidermis promotes epidermal homeostasis (Zinc in Keratiocytes, Youichi et al, J. Immunol Res. 2018)

[0183] The total concentration of the major elements in Dead Sea Mud solutions: Na+Ca+Mg+K (solutions 1, 4 and 5) is ranging between 12500-18500 ppm whereas for the DSS (dead sea salt) and DSW (dead sea water) solutions (solutions 2 and 3) the range is: 40000-100000, which is 3-6 times larger. Accordingly, the Mud solutions are “sweeter” solutions, or less “salty”. However, while the concentration of the macroelements Ca, Na, K, Mg is relatively low, the Mud solution comprise a larger proportion of trace elements with respect to DSW and DSS. This means in term of formulation, that the Mud solution, which is “less concentrated” in terms of major elements salts, can be incorporated in larger quantities in emulsions without causing instability, compared to Dead Sea Water or Dead Sea Salts, while providing larger concentration of trace elements, which are known to be beneficial for the skin homeostasis, to the formulation.

EXAMPLE 7

COMPARATIVE RESULTS: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT DEAD SEA SALT / WATER / MUD SOLUTIONS - AFTER SOAKING FOR 72HRS

[0184] The results of elemental analysis (ICP-MS) on a Dead Sea mud solution (water/glycerine 1 : 1 extract), which was left to stand for 72 hours before centrifugation, are disclosed below in Table 7 (diluted values, x200) and Table 7A (corrected values):

Table 7. Elemental analysis results (ICP-MS) for Dead Sea Mud solution 1, after 1 hr mixing, 72 hrs soaking, following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant, filtration and x200 dilution:

^(a) Water + Glycerin + Dead Sea Mud: Filtered extract of the supernatant of a solution of 50% Dead Sea Mud, 25% glycerin and 25% water, after leaving the solution to stand for 72 hours before centrifugation.

Table 7A. Elemental analysis results (ICP-MS) for Dead Sea Mud solution 1, after 1 hr mixing, 72 hrs soaking, following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Corrected values, Table 7’s results, multiplied by 200.

^(a) Water + Glycerin + Dead Sea Mud: Filtered extract of the supernatant of a solution of 50% Dead Sea Mud, 25% glycerin and 25% water, after leaving the solution to stand for 72 hours before centrifugation.

[0185] Letting the solution to stand for 72 hrs before filtration, allowed the accumulation of Sr trace element in the supernatant. The results confirm the positive effect of soaking for longer time on the accumulation of trace element (e.g., Sr).

EXAMPLE 8

COMPARATIVE RESULTS: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS DEAD SEA MUD EXTRACTS, WITH OR WITHOUT OVERNIGHT SOAKING

[0186] The results of elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud/50% solutions 1-6), after 2 hrs of mixing following by centrifugation, with (Table 8B-8B(1)) or without (Table 8A-8A(1)) overnight soaking before centrifugation, are disclosed:

Table 8A. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solutions, after 2 hrs mixing following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant, filtration and x200 dilution. ^(a) Water

^(b) Water/Propanediol 1:1

^(c) Water/Glycerol 1:1

^(d) Water/Pentanediol 1:1

^(e) Water/Butanediol 1:1

^(f) Water/Ethanol 1:1

Table 8A(1). Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solutions, after 2 hrs mixing following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Corrected results (Table 8A’s results, multiplied by 200).

^(a) Water

^(b) Water/Propanediol 1:1

^(c) Water/Glycerol 1:1

^(d) Water/Pentanediol 1:1

^(e) Water/Butanediol 1:1

^(f) Water/Ethanol 1:1

Table 8B. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud / 50% solutions 1-6), after 2 hrs mixing, overnight soaking, following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant, filtration, and x200 dilution.

^(a) Water ^(b) Water/Propanediol 1:1

^(c) Water/Glycerol 1:1

^(d) Water/Pentanediol 1:1

^(e) Water/Butanediol 1:1

^(f) Water/Ethanol 1:1

Table 8B(1). Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud/50% solutions 1-6), after 2 hrs mixing, overnight soaking, following by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Corrected values, (Table 8B’s results, multiplied by 200).

^(a) Water

^(b) Water/Propanediol 1:1

^(c) Water/Glycerol 1:1

^(d) Water/Pentanediol 1:1

^(e) Water/Butanediol 1:1

^(f) Water/Ethanol 1:1

[0187] An increase in mineral and trace element concentration was demonstrated (e.g., for Zn and U) upon letting the solution to stand overnight (Table 8B, 8B(1)) before centrifugation (i.e., soaking). A preference in term of trace mineral concentrations can be seen for Solution 2 (i.e., Water + Zemea® (propanediol)) upon soaking it overnight before centrifugation (i.e., high Zn concentration). Water (Solution 1), or water/propanediol (Solution 2) solutions are preferred formulations. Overnight soaking before centrifugation is also preferred for increasing trace elements concentration in the extract.

[0188] Independently of the Dead Sea Mud origin/quality, similar amounts of the minerals are found within the various extracts. Small variations in mineral concentration are acceptable, as the Mud is a natural resource.

EXAMPLE 9

THE EFFECT OF WATER CONTENT IN THE POLAR MEDIA ON THE ELEMENTS CONCENTRATION IN THE EXTRACT: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS DEAD SEA MUD EXTRACTS, WITH DIFERENT RATIOS OF WATER/POLYOL [0189] The results of elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solution extracts, wherein the ratios of water/polyol in the extraction solution was modified (50% Dead Sea Mud / 50% water/polyol mixture), after 2 hrs mixing following by overnight soaking, are described in Table 9 (diluted solutions, x200) and Table 9 A (corrected values) below.

Table 9. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud / 50% water/polyol mixture, changing ratios), after 2 hrs mixing, overnight soaking, followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant, fi tration and x200 dilution.

Table 9A. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for various Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud / 50% water/polyol mixture, changing ratios), after 2 hrs mixing, overnight soaking, followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Actual values (Table 9’s results, multiplied by 200).

[0190] Table 9 and Table 9 A demonstrate that an increase in the amounts of glycerin in the extraction solution led to an increase in the amount of trace elements. However, either increasing or decreasing the amount of propanediol, reduced the amount of trace elements. Therefore, based on Tables 9 and 9 A, the preferred water/propanediol ratio for optimal extraction of trace elements appears to be water :propanediol 1:1.

EXAMPLE 10 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ELEMENTS CONCENTRATION IN

THE EXTRACT:

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS DEAD SEA MUD EXTRACTS, WITH AND WITHOUT HEATING UNDER MIXING

[0191] Glycerin and propanediol were added to Dead Sea mud followed by mixing for 1 hour with or without heating to 60 °C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and an ethanol was added to the mixture, followed by additional mixing for 1 hour.

[0192] The results of elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for Dead Sea Mud solution extracts, tested after 1 hr of agitation, with and without heating of the mixture to 60 °C during agitation (45 gr Dead Sea Mud / 35 gr Glycerine / 25 gr Propanediol / 15 gr Ethanol), followed by additional 1 hr of agitation after cooling with ethanol, are described in Table 10 (diluted solutions, x200) and Table 10A (corrected values, Table 10’s results multiplied by 200).

Table 10. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for two Dead Sea Mud solutions (45 gr Dead Sea Mud / 35 gr Glycerine / 25 gr Propanediol / 15 gr Ethanol), after 1 hr of agitation at room temperature or under heating to 60 °C, followed by cooling and 1 additional hr of agitation with ethanol, followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant, filtration, and x200 dilution.

Table 10A. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for two Dead Sea Mud solutions (45 gr Dead Sea Mud / 35 gr Glycerine / 25 gr Propanediol / 15 gr Ethanol), after 1 hr of agitation at room temperature or under heating to 60 °C, followed by cooling and 1 additional hr of agitation with ethanol, followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Corrected values.

[0193] Tables 10 and 10A suggest that heating the mixture to 60 °C for 1 hr during agitation, increases the concentration of Ca but decreases the overall concentration of trace elements when compared to agitation at room temperature. Accordingly, it appears that agitation under mild conditions (e.g., room temperature) is more favorable for increasing the concentration of the trace elements.

Table 11. Comparison between the mineral content of Dead Sea Mud extracts, obtained from water-based media (glycerine/water and propanediol/water) and “waterless” media (glycerine/propanediol/ethanol), after 2 hrs of agitation at room temperature, followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant, filtration and x200 dilution.

Table 11A. Comparison between the mineral content of Dead Sea Mud extracts, obtained from water-based and “waterless” media, after 2 hrs of agitation at room temperature, followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Actual values (Table ll’s values multiplied by 200).

[0194] In addition, comparing the element concentrations of a water-based extract (water/polyol) to a “waterless” polar solvent-based extract (glycerine/propanediol/ethanol) (Tables 11, 11 A) reveals that it is more favorable to use water-based media than “waterless” media in terms of total mineral concentrations, as well as in terms of extract texture (which is important when using the extract in cosmetic formulations).

[0195] Importantly, in terms of the texture of the formulation, a solution that is 50% water / 50% propanediol can be used AS IS, as a cosmetic product or also in large quantities as an additive in a cosmetic product.

[0196] A glycerin containing solutions (in large quantities), are less suitable for use AS IS when compared to propanediol containing solutions (in large quantities), since glycerin is sticky upon application on the skin. Still, glycerin in significant amount, can still lead to cosmetically acceptable textures, especially for rinse off products. In contrast, “waterless” solutions, which consist of e.g., glycerin/propanediol/ethanol as described above, are more difficult to use due to their sensorial properties. In addition, ethanol is a challenging solvent to use in cosmetic formulations, as many consumers tend to avoid alcohol containing products, due to their dehydrating effect when applied to the skin. As a result, the use of water-based extract of Dead Sea Mud, specifically water/polyol-based extract, and especially water/propanediol-based extract, is more advantageous than the use of an extract from other polar solvents.

EXAMPLE 11

THE EFFECT OF MUD / POLAR MEDIA RATIO IN THE MIXTURE ON THE FINAL ELEMENTS CONCENTRATION IN THE EXTRACT: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS DEAD SEA MUD EXTRACTS, WITH CHANGING RATIOS OF MUD / POLAR MEDIA IN THE MIXTURES

[0197] The effect of the mud/polar media ratio in the initial mixture on the element concentration in the extract was tested.

[0198] The results of elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for Dead Sea Mud solution extracts, obtained from 50% and 75% Dead Sea Mud mixtures (w/w) with 1:1 ratio of water/propanediol solution, tested after 2 hr mixing at room temperature, followed by overnight soaking, and centrifugation are described in Table 12 (diluted values) and 12A (corrected values).

Table 12. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for two Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud / 25% propanediol / 25% Water; and 75% Dead Sea Mud / 12.5% propanediol / 12.5% Water), after mixing for 2 hrs at room temperature, followed by overnight soaking, centrifugation, collecting supernatant, filtration, and x200 dilution.

Table 12A. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for two Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud / 25% propanediol / 25% Water; and 75% Dead Sea Mud / 12.5% propanediol / 12.5% Water), after mixing for 2 hrs at room temperature, followed by overnight soaking, centrifugation,

[0199] The results described in Table 12 and 12A show that an increase in the mud concentration in the mixture led to an increase in the total amount of tested minerals (i.e., major minerals in particular). However, the total amount of Zn was decreased with increasing the mud concentration in the mixture, which may be explained by lower amount of solvent available for trace element extraction.

EXAMPLE 12

THE IMPACT OF MIXING TIME AND HEATING ON THE ELEMENTS CONCENTRATION IN THE EXTRACT: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR DEAD SEA MUD EXTRACTS, WITH LONGER MIXING TIME AND UNDER HEATING

[0200] The impact of the mixing time (i.e., agitation), with and without heating, on the element concentration in the extract was tested. [0201] The results of elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for Dead Sea Mud solution extracts (50% Dead Sea Mud / 25% water / 25% propanediol), tested after 2 hrs of mixing at room temperature or under 50 °C followed by overnight soaking, and after 24 hrs mixing at room temperature; followed by centrifugation, are described in Table 13 (x200 dilution) and Table 13A (corrected values).

Table 13. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for three Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud / 25% Propanediol / 25% Water), after 2 hrs of mixing at room temperature or under 50 °C followed by overnight soaking, and after 24 hrs mixing at room temperature; all experiments are followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant, filtration and x200 dilution.

Table 13A. Elemental analysis (ICP-MS) for three Dead Sea Mud solutions (50% Dead Sea Mud / 25% Propanediol / 25% Water), after 2 hrs of mixing at room temperature or under 50 °C, and after 24 hrs mixing at room temperature; all experiments are followed by centrifugation, collecting supernatant and filtration. Actual values (Table 13’s values multip ied by 200).

[0202] Tables 13 and 13A suggest that mixing under heating to 50 °C, does not significantly affect the element concentration in the extract when compared to mixing at room temperature. In addition, mixing the solution for 24 hrs also does not significantly affect the element concentration in the extract with respect to mixing for 2 hrs. Accordingly, it appears that heating the mixture, and mixing for longer time than 2 hrs, have minor effects on the element’s concentration in the extract.

[0203] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the claims.