POLYUREA CAPSULE COMPOSITIONS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to US Patent Application Serial No. 15/047,364 filed on February 18, 2016, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Nano- or micro-encapsulation is used in a variety of different applications where there is a need to deliver, apply, or release an active material including a fragrance, flavor, and malodor counteraction agent to a target area in a time-delayed or controlled manner. Various techniques for preparing capsules are known in the art and are used, depending on the contents to be encapsulated, the environment in which the capsules should retain their integrity and the desired release mechanism.

[0003] Interfacial polycondensation is a known technique for preparing capsules and versatile capsule wall materials are used including polyureas and polyurethanes (WO 2011/154893, WO 2012/107323, US 2011/0077188, US 5,635,211, US 6,586,107, and US 6,797,670). Such wall materials are produced by having a first phase which is water- immiscible and includes a polyfunctional isocyanate, i.e., a polyisocyanate having two or more isocyanate groups, and a second aqueous phase which includes (i) a polyfunctional alcohol (i. e., a polyol) having two or more -OH groups for obtaining a polyurethane capsule wall, or (ii) a polyfunctional amine (i.e., a polyamine) having two or more -NH2 and/or -NH groups for obtaining a polyurea capsule wall.

[0004] If the active material to be encapsulated is hydrophobic, it will be included in the water-immiscible phase, thereafter the two phases are mixed by high shear mixing to form an oil-in-water emulsion. In this emulsion, the polycondensation reaction will take place. Thus, the small droplets of the water-immiscible phase will be surrounded by the capsule wall formed by polycondensation of the isocyanate and the polyalcohol or polyamine as starting materials. Conversely, if the material to be encapsulated is hydrophilic, it will be included in the aqueous phase and the mixture of the two phases converted into a water-in-oil emulsion. The polycondensation reaction will then form capsule walls surrounding the droplets of water-miscible phase. Suitable emulsifiers are often utilized to aid in the preparation and stabilization of the emulsion. [0005] Suitable raw materials and processes for preparing capsules by polycondensation are described in US 4,640,709 and the literature described therein. As is exemplified therein, and also in US 6,133,197, polyurea and polyurethane capsules are often used for rugged applications, such as for encapsulation of agrochemicals, e.g., herbicides and pesticides, where slow time-release is desired to set the agents free. For such applications, the capsules also require a relatively high mechanical strength. For the polycondensation reaction, suitable diisocyanate and symmetrical triisocyanate starting materials are disclosed in the prior art.

[0006] WO 2011/154893 discloses a process for the preparation of capsules, which includes mixing at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate and of at least one aromatic polyisocyanate, wherein the molar ratio between the two polyisocyanates is between 75:25 and 20:80.

[0007] WO 2013/000587 discloses a process for the preparation of polyurea capsules, which includes dissolving at least one polyisocyanate having at least two isocyanate functional groups, in a perfume to form a solution; adding to the solution an aqueous solution of an emulsifier or of a colloidal stabilizer; and adding to the mixture to 3,5- diamino-l ,2,4-triazole to form a polyurea wall.

[0008] US 5,304,448 describes an encapsulated toner composition using reaction of amino acids and polyisocyanates.

[0009] Known polyurea or polyurethane capsules face various issues, e.g., low olfactory intensity, low stability, and high toxicity. Their deposition to target surfaces is also problematic.

[0010] There is a need to develop a safe, stable, and high efficient capsules for use in laundry, washing, cleaning, surface care and personal and skin care. For such applications quicker and easier release and/or less mechanical strength are often desirable. Also, it would be desirable to more precisely influence the capsule wall permeability and other capsule wall properties to achieve the desired release profile and consumer benefits.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] This invention is based on the discovery that certain capsule compositions possess unexpected desirable properties including high perceived olfactory intensity, prolonged stability, low toxicity, and improved deposition. [0012] Accordingly, one aspect of this invention relates to a microcapsule compositions comprising a first microcapsule and a second microcapsule, in which the first microcapsule has a zeta potential of 10 mV or greater (e.g., 25 mV or greater, 40 mV or greater, 40 to 200 mV, and 40 to 100 mV), the second microcapsule has a zeta potential of 5 mV or less (e.g. , -5 to 5 mV, -10 mV or less, -20 mV or less, -40 mV or less, -20 to -200 mV, and -20 to -100 mV), and the weight ratio of the first microcapsule and the second microcapsule is between 1 : 10 and 10 : 1 (e.g. , 20 : 80 to 80 : 20, 30 : 70 to 70 : 30, and 40 : 60 to 60 : 40).

[0013] The first microcapsule contains a first oil core and a first microcapsule wall encapsulating the first oil core.

[0014] The first microcapsule wall is typically formed of a first encapsulating polymer that is the reaction product of a multi-functional nucleophile and a multifunctional electrophile. Suitable multi-functional nucleophiles include a branched polyethyleneimine, a mixture of the branched polyethyleneimine and a polyfunctional amine, and a mixture of the branched polyethyleneimine and a polyfunctional alcohol. Exemplary polyfunctional amines include, but are not limited to hexamethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diamino-butane, diethylenetriamine, pentaethylenehexamine, bis(3-aminopropyl)amine, bis(hexanethylene)triamine, tris(2- aminoethyl)amine, triethylene-tetramine, N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-l ,3-propanediamine, tetraethylenepentamine, penta-ethylenehexamine, chitosan, nisin, gelatin, 1,3-diamino- guanidine, 1,1-dimethylbiguanide, guanidine, arginine, lysine, ornithine, and combinations thereof. The multi-functional electrophile has a first functional group and a second functional group, each of which, independently, is an electrophilic group reactive towards the multi-functional nucleophile.

[0015] Preferably, the first encapsulating polymer is the reaction product of a branched polyethyleneimine and a polyisocyanate. The branched polyethyleneimine can have a molecular weight of 750 to 50000 Dalton ("Da"). Exemplary polyisocyanates are polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanates, hydrogenated polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanates, methylene diphenyl diisocyanates, hydrogenated methylene diphenyl diisocyanates, trimers of hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimers of isophorone diisocyanate, biurets of hexamethylene diisocyanate, polyisocyanurates of toluene diisocyanate, trimethylol propane-adducts of toluene diisocyanate, trimethylol propane- adducts of xylylene diisocyanate, and combinations thereof. [0016] The second microcapsule contains a second oil core and a second microcapsule wall encapsulating the second oil core. The second microcapsule wall is formed of a second encapsulating polymer, which can be selected from the group consisting of melamine-formaldehyde polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, gelatins, urea formaldehyde polymers, sol gel polymers, starch polymers, carbohydrates, polyureas (prepared from polyvinyl alcohol as a dispersant) and combinations thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the second encapsulating polymer is the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and hexamethylenediamine. The polyisocyanate is defined above.

[0017] The first and second oil cores, respectively, contain a first and second active materials, which are, independently, selected from the group consisting of a fragrance, pro-fragrance, flavor, vitamin or derivative thereof, malodor counteractive agent, antiinflammatory agent, fungicide, anesthetic, analgesic, antimicrobial active, anti-viral agent, anti-infectious agent, anti-acne agent, skin lightening agent, insect repellant, emollient, skin moisturizing agent, wrinkle control agent, UV protection agent, fabric softener active, hard surface cleaning active, skin or hair conditioning agent, insect repellant, animal repellent, vermin repellent, flame retardant, antistatic agent, nanometer to micron size inorganic solid, polymeric or elastomeric particle, and combination thereof.

[0018] In some embodiments, the microcapsule compositions described above further comprise a deposition aid selected from the group consisting of polyquaternium-4, polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-6, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium- 16, polyquaternium-22, polyquaternium-24, polyquaternium-28 , polyquaternium-39, polyquaternium-44, polyquaternium-46, polyquaternium-47, polyquaternium-53 , polyquaternium-55 , polyquaternium-67, polyquaternium-68 , polyquaternium-69, polyquaternium-73, polyquaternium-74, polyquaternium-77 , polyquaternium-78, polyquaternium-79, polyquaternium-80, polyquaternium-81 , polyquaternium-82, polyquaternium-86, polyquaternium-88, polyquaternium-101 , polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine and vinylformamide copolymer, and combinations thereof.

[0019] In other embodiments, the microcapsule compositions of this invention further comprise a capsule formation aid selected from the group consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose, naphthalene sulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and combination thereof.

[0020] The microcapsule compositions of this invention can further comprise a third, fourth, fifth, or sixth delivery system.

[0021] Any of the microcapsule compositions described above can be in the form of a solid or liquid (e.g., a slurry).

[0022] Another aspect of this invention relates to a consumer product containing an above-described microcapsule composition. Examples of the consumer product include a hair care product such as shampoos and hair conditioners, a personal care product such as bar soaps and body washes, a fabric care product (e.g. , powder or liquid fabric detergents, fabric conditioners, and fabric refreshers), and a home care product.

[0023] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] It has been found that the capsule performance (e.g. , fragrance intensity) is unexpectedly improved when combining in a microcapsule composition a cationic microcapsule (having a zeta potential of 10 mV or greater) with an anionic microcapsule (having a zeta potential of -10 mV or less) or with a neutral microcapsule (having a zeta potential of -5 to 5 mV).

[0025] The microcapsule compositions of this invention are useful in a wide range of consumer applications, e.g. , personal hair care products including shampoos and hair conditioners; personal washes such as soaps, body wash, personal cleaners, and sanitizers; fabric care such as fabric refreshers, softeners, and dryer sheets; ironing water; industrial cleaners; liquid and powder detergent; rinse conditioners; fine fragrances; an Eau De Toilette product; a deodorant; an roll-on product; and an aerosol product. The capsule compositions of this invention are also well-suited for use in hydroalcoholic medium such as fine fragrance and for use in leave-on personal care applications. Moreover, the inclusion of a capsule formation aid in the capsule wall-forming reaction provides capsules with excellent storage stability and retention of an encapsulated fragrance. [0026] The microcapsule compositions of this invention contain at least two microcapsules, e.g. , a first microcapsule and a second microcapsule.

The First Microcapsule

[0027] The first microcapsule is a positively charged microcapsule having a zeta potential of 10 mV or greater, preferably 25 mV or greater (e.g. , 25 mV to 200 mV), and more preferably 40 mV or greater (e.g. , 40 mV to 100 mV). Not to be bound by any theory, these positively charged microcapsules not only have a strong affinity to specific animate and inanimate surfaces, but also immobilize other neutral or negatively charged microcapsules and thus also bind them to the animate and inanimate surfaces.

[0028] The first microcapsule can be prepared by reacting (e.g. , via an interfacial polymerization) a polyfunctional nucleophile and a polyfunctional electrophile in the presence of a capsule formation aid (e.g. , a dispersant) and/or a catalyst (e.g. , a base) so that an active material is encapsulated in a first oil core by a first microcapsule wall. The first oil core optionally contains a core modifier. The first microcapsule wall is formed of a first encapsulating polymer that is the reaction product of a polyfunctional nucleophile and a polyfunctional electrophile.

[0029] A preferred first microcapsule has a microcapsule wall formed of a first encapsulating polymer that is a reaction product of a branched polyethyleneimine (a polyfunctional nucleophile) and an aromatic/aliphatic polyisocyanate (a polyfunctional electrophile).

[0030] Polyfunctional Nucleophiles . The polyfunctional nucleophiles each are a branched polyethyleneimine or a mixture containing a branched polyethyleneimine and a polyfunctional amine/alcohol. In a preferred embodiment, the polyfunctional nucleophile is a branched polyethyleneimine.

[0031] Suitable branched polyethyleneimines each have a molecular weight of 200 to 1 ,000,000 Da (e.g. , 300 to 500,000 Da, 500 to 200,000 Da, 750 to 100,000 Da, and 750 to 50,000 Da). They each have a main chain and one or more side chains attached to the main chain. The main chain has 2 to 25,000 (e.g. , 3 to 10,000, 5 to 5000, and 5 to 500) repeat ethylene amine (-CH ₂ CH ₂ NH-) units. The side chains each have one or more ethylene amine terminals (-CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ ). The representative structure of the branched polyethyleneimine is shown below:

in which n is 1 to 5000 (e.g. , 1 to 2000, 1 to 1000, and 1 to 100).

[0032] Other suitable polyfunctional nucleophiles include polyfunctional amines (e.g., polyamines) and polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. , polyols).

[0033] Polyfunctional amines are those having at least a primary/secondary amine group (-NH2 and -NH-) and one or more additional functional groups such as a primary/secondary amine and hydroxyl group (-OH). Exemplary polyfunctional amines include hexamethylenediamine, hexaethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, 1 ,3-diamino- propane, 1,4-diamino-butane, diethylenetriamine, pentaethylenehexamine, bis(3-amino- propyl)amine, bis(hexanethyl-ene)triamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, triethylene- tetramine, N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-l ,3-propanediamine, tetraethylenepentamine, amino- 2-methyl-l-propanol, a second branched polyethylenimine, chitosan, 1 ,3-diamino- guanidine, 1 , 1 -dimethylbiguanide, and guanidine. Suitable amino acids/peptides include arginine, lysine, histidine, ornithine, nisin, and gelatin.

[0034] Preferred polyfunctional amines are polyamines containing two or more amine groups such as -NH2 and -R*NH, R* being substituted and unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C2 ₀ heteroalkyl, C1-C2 ₀ cycloalkyl, 3- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl.

[0035] Polyfunctional alcohols are those having two or more hydroxyl groups. Non- limiting examples are pentaerythritol, glucose, 2-aminoethanol, dipentaerythritol, glycerol, polyglycerol, ethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, sorbitol, erythritol, threitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, galactitol, fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriitol, maltotetraitol, polyglycitol, and combinations thereof. More suitable polyfunctional alcohols are described in WO 2015/023961.

[0036] The polyfunctional nucleophile as used in this invention can be a single compound (e.g. , a branched polyethyleneimine) or a mixture of a branched poly ethyl eneimine with one or more polyfunctional amines/alcohols. [0037] The range of polyfunctional nucleophile content can vary from 0.05 to 5% (e.g. , 0.1 to 3%, 0.1 to 2%, 0.25 to 2%, and 0.25 to 1 %) by weight of the microcapsule composition of this invention.

[0038] In one embodiment, the polyfunctional nucleophile is added to the polymerization reaction at a temperature of 0-55 °C (e.g., 10-50 °C, 15-45 °C, 20-40 °C, and 22-35 °C).

[0039] Polyfunctional Electrophiles . The polyfunctional electrophiles each have at least two electrophilic functional groups reactive towards the branched polyethyleneimine, the polyfunctional amine, or the polyfunctional alcohol to form a network of the first encapsulating polymer. Examples of the electrophilic group include formyl, keto, carboxyl, an isocyanate group, a carboxylate ester group, an acyl halide group, an amide group, a carboxylic anhydride group, an alkyl halide group, an epoxide group, an aziridine group, an oxetane group, an azetidine group, a sulfonyl halide group, a chlorophosphate group, an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group, an α, β -unsaturated nitrile group, a trifluoromethanesulfonate group, a />-toluenesulfonate group, and an α,β- unsaturated methanesulfonyl group.

[0040] Suitable polyfunctional electrophiles include glutaric dialdehyde, succinic dialdehyde, and glyoxal; as well as compounds such as glyoxyl trimer and paraformaldehyde, bis(dimethyl) acetal, bis(diethyl) acetal, polymeric dialdehydes, such as oxidized starch. Preferably the cross-linking agent is a low molecular weight, difunctional aldehyde, such as glyoxal, 1 ,3-propane dialdehyde, 1 ,4-butane dialdehyde, 1 ,5-pentane dialdehyde, or 1 ,6-hexane.

[0041] Other non-limiting polyfunctional electrophiles are polyfunctional isocyanates (i. e., polyisocyanate), each of which contains two or more isocyanate (-NCO) groups. These polyisocyanate can be aromatic, aliphatic, linear, branched, or cyclic. In certain embodiments, the polyisocyanate contains, on average, 2 to 4 isocyanate groups. In particular embodiments, the polyisocyanate contains at least three isocyanate functional groups. In certain embodiments, the polyisocyanate is water insoluble.

[0042] In particular embodiments, the polyisocyanate used in this invention is an aromatic polyisocyanate. Desirably, the aromatic polyisocyanate includes a phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl or diphenyl moiety as the aromatic component. In certain embodiments, the aromatic polyisocyanate is a polyisocyanurate of toluene diisocyanate, a trimethylol propane-adduct of toluene diisocyanate or a trimethylol propane-adduct of xylylene diisocyanate.

[0043] One class of suitable aromatic polyisocyanates are those having the generic structure shown below, and its structural isomers

wherein n can vary from zero to a desired number (e.g. , 0-50, 0-20, 0-10, and 0-6) depending on the type of polyamine or polyol used. Preferably, the number of n is limited to less than 6. The starting polyisocyanate may also be a mixture of polyisocyanates where the value of n can vary from 0 to 6. In the case where the starting polyisocyanate is a mixture of various polyisocyanates, the average value of n preferably falls in between 0.5 and 1.5. Commercially-available polyisocyanates include LUPRANATE M20 (PMDI, commercially available from BASF containing isocyanate group "NCO" 31.5 wt%), where the average n is 0.7; PAPI 27 (PMDI commercially available from Dow Chemical having an average molecular weight of 340 and containing NCO 31.4 wt%) where the average n is 0.7; MONDUR MR (PMDI containing NCO at 31 wt% or greater, commercially available from Bayer) where the average n is 0.8; MONDUR MR Light (PMDI containing NCO 31.8 wt%, commercially available from Bayer) where the average n is 0.8; MONDUR 489 (PMDI commercially available from Bayer containing NCO 30-31.4 wt%) where the average n is 1 ; poly[(phenylisocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] (Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, WI), other isocyanate monomers such as DESMODUR N3200 (poly(hexamethylene diisocyanate) commercially available from Bayer), and TAKENATE D110-N (xylene diisocyanate adduct polymer commercially available from Mitsui Chemicals corporation, Rye Brook, NY, containing NCO 11.5 wt%), DESMODUR L75 (a polyisocyanate base on toluene diisocyanate commercially available from Bayer), and DESMODUR IL (another polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate commercially available from Bayer).

[0044] The structures of certain commercially available polyisocyanates of the invention are shown below: or its structural isomer. R can be a Ci-Cio alkyl, Ci-Cio ester, or an isocyanurate. Representative polyisocyanates having this structure are TAKENATE D-110N (Mitsui), DESMODUR L75 (Bayer), and DESMODUR IL (Bayer).

[0045] Other specific examples of wall monomer isocyanates include 1 ,5- naphthylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hydrogenated MDI (H12MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylol diisocyanate (TMXDI), 4,4'- diphenyldimethylmethane diisocyanate, di- and tetraalkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dibenzyl diisocyanate, 1 ,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1 ,4-phenylene diisocyanate, the isomers of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-diisocyanatophenylperfluoroethane, phthalic acid bisisocyanatoethyl ester, also polyisocyanates with reactive halogen atoms, such as 1 -chloromethylphenyl 2,4-diisocyanate, 1 -bromomethylphenyl 2,6-diisocyanate, and 3,3- bischloromethyl ether 4,4'-diphenyldiisocyanate, and combinations thereof.

[0046] In other embodiments, the polyisocyanate is an aliphatic polyisocyanate. In certain embodiments, the aliphatic polyisocyanate is a trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate, a trimer of isophorone diisocyanate or a biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate. Exemplary aliphatic polyisocyanates include those commercially available, e.g., BAYHYDUR N304 and BAYHYDUR N305, which are aliphatic water-dispersible polyisocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate; DESMODUR N3600, DESMODUR N3700, and DESMODUR N3900, which are low viscosity, polyfunctional aliphatic polyisocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate; and DESMODUR 3600 and DESMODUR N100 which are aliphatic polyisocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, each of which is available from Bayer Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA). More examples include l-methyl-2,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, l ,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4- trimethylhexane, 1 ,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane, 1 -isocyanatomethyl-3- isocyanato-l ,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, chlorinated and brominated diisocyanates, phosphorus-containing diisocyanates, tetramethoxybutane 1 ,4-diisocyanate, butane 1 ,4- diisocyanate, hexane 1 ,6-diisocyanate (HDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, cyclohexane 1 ,4-diisocyanate, ethylene diisocyanate, and combinations thereof. Sulfur- containing polyisocyanates are obtained, for example, by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate with thiodiglycol or dihydroxydihexyl sulfide. Further suitable diisocyanates are trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1 ,4-diisocyanato butane, 1 ,2- diisocyanatododecane, dimer fatty acid diisocyanate, and combinations thereof.

[0047] The average molecular weight of certain polyisocyanates useful in this invention varies from 250 to 1000 Da and preferable from 275 to 500 Da. In general, the range of the polyisocyanate concentration in the composition of this invention varies from 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.1 to 8%, more preferably from 0.2 to 5%, and even more preferably from 1.5 to 3.5%, all based on the total capsule composition.

[0048] In some embodiments, the polyfunctional isocyanate used in the preparation of the capsules of this invention is a single polyisocyanate. In other embodiments the polyisocyanate is a mixture of polyisocyanates. In some embodiments, the mixture of polyisocyanates includes an aliphatic polyisocyanate and an aromatic polyisocyanate. In particular embodiments, the mixture of polyisocyanates is a biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate and a trimethylol propane-adduct of xylylene diisocyanate. In certain embodiments, the polyisocyanate is an aliphatic isocyanate or a mixture of aliphatic isocyanate, free of any aromatic isocyanate. In other words, in these embodiments, no aromatic isocyanate is used to prepare the polyurea/polyurethane polymers as capsule wall materials.

[0049] More examples of suitable isocyanates can be found in PCT 2004/054362; EP 0 148149; EP 0 017 409 Bl ; U.S. Pat. No. 4,417,916, U.S. Pat. No. 4,124,526, U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,090, U.S. Pat. No. 6,566,306, U.S. Pat. No. 6,730,635, PCT 90/08468, PCT WO 92/13450, U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,806, U.S. Pat. No. 4,285,720 and U. S. Pat. No. 6,340,653.

[0050] Capsule Formation Aids. The first microcapsule is typically prepared in the presence of a capsule formation aid, which can be a surfactant or dispersant. Not to be bound by any theory, capsule formation aids improve the performance of the microcapsule composition. Performance is measured by the intensity of the fragrance release during the pre-rub and post-rub phases. The pre-rub phase is the phase when the capsules have been deposited on the cloth, e.g., after a fabric softener containing capsules has been used during the wash cycle. The post-rub phase is after the capsules have been deposited and the capsules are broken by friction or other similar mechanisms.

[0051] In some embodiments, the capsule formation aid is a protective colloid or emulsifier including, e.g., maleic- vinyl copolymers such as the copolymers of vinyl ethers with maleic anhydride or acid, sodium lignosulfonates, maleic anhydride/styrene copolymers, ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymers, and copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylenated sorbitol, sodium dodecylsulfate, and any combination thereof. In general, the range of surfactant concentration in the capsule composition varies from 0.1 to 5% (e.g., 0.5 to 4%, 0.2 to 2%, and 1 to 2%).

[0052] Commercially available surfactants include, but are not limited to, sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates such as MORWET D425 (naphthalene sulfonate, Akzo Nobel, Fort Worth, TX); partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols such as MOWIOLs, e.g., MOWIOL 3-83 (Air Products); ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers or poloxamers such as PLURONIC, SYNPERONIC or PLURACARE materials (BASF); sulfonated polystyrenes such as FLEXAN II (Akzo Nobel); ethylene- maleic anhydride polymers such as ZEMAC (Vertellus Specialties Inc.); and Polyquaternium series such as Polyquaternium 11 ("PQ11 ;" a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; sold by BASF as LUVIQUAT PQ11 AT 1).

[0053] Processing aids can also be used as capsule formation aids. They include hydrocolloids, which improve the colloidal stability of the slurry against coagulation, sedimentation and creaming. The term "hydrocolloid" refers to a broad class of water- soluble or water-dispersible polymers having anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or non-ionic character. Hydrocolloids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polycarbohydrates, such as starch, modified starch, dextrin, maltodextrin, and cellulose derivatives, and their quaternized forms; natural gums such as alginate esters, carrageenan, xanthanes, agar-agar, pectines, pectic acid, and natural gums such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth and gum karaya, guar gums and quaternized guar gums; gelatine, protein hydrolysates and their quaternized forms; synthetic polymers and copolymers, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate), poly((met)acrylic acid), poly(maleic acid), poly(alkyl(meth)acrylate-co-(meth)acrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid)copolymer, poly(alkyleneoxide), poly(vinyl- methylether), poly(vinylether-co-maleic anhydride), and the like, as well as poly- (ethyleneimine), poly((meth)acrylamide), poly(alkyleneoxide-co-dimethylsiloxane), poly(amino dimethylsiloxane), and the like, and their quaternized forms.

[0054] The capsule formation aid may also be used in combination with CMC and/or a surfactant during processing to facilitate capsule formation. Examples of surfactants that can be used in combination with the capsule formation aid include, but are not limited to, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), poloxamers such as PLURONICS (e.g., PLURONIC F127), PLURAFAC (e.g., PLURAFAC F127), or MIRANET-N, saponins such as QNATURALE (National Starch Food Innovation); or a gum Arabic such as Seyal or Senegal. The amount of surfactant present in the capsule slurry can vary depending on the surfactant used. In some embodiments the amount of surfactant is in the range of 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of the capsule compositions, in particular when CTAC is employed. In another embodiment, the amount of surfactant is in the range of 1 to 3%.

[0055] When combined with CMC, a lighter color PVA is preferred. According to the invention, the CMC polymer may be represented by the following structure:

R = H or CH ₂ C0 ₂ H

[0056] In certain embodiments, the CMC polymer has a molecular weight range between 90,000 to 1,500,000 Da, preferably between 250,000 to 750,000 Da, and more preferably between 400,000 to 750,000 Da. The CMC polymer has a degree of substitution between 0.1 to 3, preferably between 0.65 to 1.4, and more preferably between 0.8 to 1.

[0057] The carboxymethyl cellulose polymer is present in the capsule slurry at a level from 0.1 to 2% and preferably from 0.3 to 0.7%.

[0058] In some embodiments, capsules formed in presence of a capsule aid may unexpectedly provide a perceived fragrance intensity increase of greater than 15%, and preferably an increase of greater than 25% as compared to capsules formed without a capsule formation aid.

Catalysts. Catalysts suitable for use in the invention are metal carbonates, metal hydroxide, amino or organometallic compounds and include, for example, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, 1,4- diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (i.e., DABCO), N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, N,N- dimethylcyclohexylamine, bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, N,N dimethylacetylamine, stannous octoate and dibutyltin dilaurate.

The Second Microcapsule

[0059] The second microcapsule can be any of the microcapsules described above but different to the first microcapsule in term of the microcapsule size, the degree of polymerization, the degree of crosslinking, the encapsulating polymer, the thickness of the wall, the active material, the ratio between the wall material and the active material, the zeta potential, the rupture force or fracture strength, and the like.

[0060] In some other embodiments, the second microcapsule has a second microcapsule wall different from that of the first microcapsule. The second microcapsule wall can be formed of a second encapsulating polymer selected from the group consisting of sol-gel polymer (e.g. , silica), polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, poly(acrylate-co- acrylamide), polyurea, polyurethane, starch, gelatin and gum Arabic, poly(melamine- formaldehyde), poly(urea-formaldehyde), and combinations thereof.

[0061] These encapsulating polymers are described in detail below.

[0062] Sol-gel Microcapsules. These microcapsules have a microcapsule wall formed of a sol-gel polymer, which is a reaction product of a sol-gel precursor via a polymerization reaction (e.g., hydrolyzation). Suitable sol-gel precursors are compounds capable of forming gels such as compounds containing silicon, boron, aluminum, titanium, zinc, zirconium, and vanadium. Preferred precursors are organosilicon, organoboron, and organoaluminum including metal alkoxides and b-diketonates.

[0063] Sol-gel precursors suitable for the purposes of the invention are selected in particular from the group of di-, tri- and/or tetrafunctional silicic acid, boric acid and alumoesters, more particularly alkoxysilanes (alkyl orthosilicates), and precursors thereof.

[0064] A preferred sol/gel precursor is alkoxysilanes corresponding to the following general formula: (RiO)(R ₂ 0)Si(X)(X'), wherein each of X, X', R _1; and R ₂ are defined above.

[0065] Particularly preferred compounds are the silicic acid esters such as tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). A preferred compound includes Dynasylan® (organofunctional silanes commercially available from Degussa Corporation , Parsippany New Jersey, USA). Other sol-gel precursors suitable for the purposes of the invention are described, for example, in German Patent Application DE10021165. These sol-gel precursors are various hydrolyzable organosilanes such as, for example, alkylsilanes, alkoxysilanes, alkyl alkoxysilanes and organoalkoxysilanes. Besides the alkyl and alkoxy groups, other organic groups (for example allyl groups, aminoalkyl groups, hydroxyalkyl groups, etc.) may be attached as substituents to the silicon.

[0066] Recognizing that metal and semi metal alkoxide monomers (and their partially hydrolyzed and condensed polymers) such as tetramethoxy silane (TMOS), tetraethoxy silane (TEOS), etc. are very good solvents for numerous molecules and active ingredients is highly advantageous since it facilitates dissolving the active materials at a high concentration and thus a high loading in the final capsules.

[0067] Polyacrylate microcapsules, polyacrylamide microcapsules, and

poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) microcapsules. Each of these microcapsules is prepared from a corresponding precursor. Preferred precursors are bi- or polyfunctional vinyl monomers including by way of illustration and not limitation, allyl

methacrylate/acrylamide, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, diethyl ene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, propylene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, glycerol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate/acrylamide, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate/acrylamide, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate/acrylamide, triallyl-formal

trimethacrylate/acrylamide, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate/acrylamide, tributanediol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, aliphatic or aromatic urethane diacrylates/ acrylamides, difunctional urethane acrylates/acrylamides, ethoxylated aliphatic difunctional urethane methacrylates/acrylamides, aliphatic or aromatic urethane dimethacrylates/acrylamides, epoxy acrylates/acrylamides, epoxymethacrylates/ acrylamides, 1,3 -butyl ene glycol diacrylate/acrylamide, 1 ,4-butanediol dimethacrylate/ acrylamide, 1 ,4-butaneidiol diacrylate/acrylamide, diethyl ene glycol diacrylate/ acrylamide, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate/acrylamide, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate/ acrylamide, neopentyl glycol diacrylate/acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate/ acrylamide, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate/acrylamide, triethylene glycol diacrylate/ acrylamide, 1,3 -butyl ene glycol dimethacrylate/acrylamide, tripropylene glycol diacrylate/acrylamide, ethoxylated bisphenol diacrylate/acrylamide, ethoxylated bisphenol dimethylacrylate/acrylamide, dipropylene glycol diacrylate/acrylamide, alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate/acrylamide, alkoxylated cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate/acrylamide, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate/acrylamide, trimethylol-propane triacrylate/acrylamide, pentaerythritol triacrylate/acrylamide, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate/acrylamide, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate/ acrylamide, propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate/acrylamide, ditrimethyloipropane tetraacrylate/ acrylamide, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate/acrylamide, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate/ acrylamide, PEG 200 dimethacrylate/acrylamide, PEG 400 dimethacrylate/acrylamide, PEG 600

dimethacrylate/acrylamide, 3-acryloyloxy glycol monoacrylate/acrylamide, triacryl formal, triallyl isocyanate, and triallyl isocyanurate.

[0068] The monomer is polymerized in the presence of an activation agent (e.g., an initiator) at a raised temperature (e.g., 30-90 °C) or under UV light. Exemplary initiators are 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) ("AIBN"), dicetyl peroxydicarbonate, di(4-tert- butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, dioctanoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peracetate, tert-butyl perlaurate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, cumene ethylperoxide, diisopropylhydroxy dicarboxylate, 2,2'-azobis(2,4- dimethyl valeronitrile), 1 ,1 '- azobis(cyclohexane-l-carbonitrile), dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionate), 2,2'- azobis[2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) propionamide, sodium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide, and combinations thereof.

[0069] Emulsifiers used in the formation of polyacrylate/polyacrylamide/ poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) capsule walls are typically anionic emulsifiers including by way of illustration and not limitation, water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl isothionates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl succinamates, alkyl sulfate salts such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl derivatives of protein hydrolyzates, acyl aspartates, alkyl or alkyl ether or alkylaryl ether phosphate esters, sodium dodecyl sulphate, phospholipids or lecithin, or soaps, sodium, potassium or ammonium stearate, oleate or palmitate, alkylarylsulfonic acid salts such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinates, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dilaurylsulfosuccinate, poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium salt, isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose sulfate and pectin, poly(styrene sulfonate), isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, carrageenan, sodium alginate, pectic acid, tragacanth gum, almond gum and agar; semisynthetic polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfated cellulose, sulfated methylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch, phosphated starch, lignin sulfonic acid; and synthetic polymers such as maleic anhydride copolymers (including hydrolyzates thereof), polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid butyl acrylate copolymer or crotonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, vinylbenzenesulfonic acid or 2- acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, and partial amide or partial ester of such polymers and copolymers, carboxymodified polyvinyl alcohol, sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, phosphated or sulfated tristyrylphenol ethoxylates. The amount of anionic emulsifier is anywhere from 0.1 to 40 percent by weight of all constitutents, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 percent, more preferably 0.5 to 5 percent by weight. [0070] Aminoplasts and Gelatin. A representative process used for aminoplast encapsulation is disclosed in US 3,516,941 and US 2007/0078071, though it is recognized that many variations with regard to materials and process steps are possible. Another encapsulation process, i.e., gelatin encapsulation, is disclosed in US 2,800,457. Both processes are discussed in the context of fragrance encapsulation for use in consumer products in US Patent Nos. 4,145,184 and 5,112,688 respectively. Polymer systems are well-known in the art and non-limiting examples of these include aminoplast capsules and encapsulated particles as disclosed in GB 2006709 A; the production of micro-capsules having walls comprising styrene-maleic anhydride reacted with melamine-formaldehyde precondensates as disclosed in US 4,396,670; an acrylic acid- acrylamide copolymer, cross-linked with a melamine-formaldehyde resin as disclosed in US 5,089,339; capsules composed of cationic melamine-formaldehyde condensates as disclosed in US 5,401 ,577; melamine formaldehyde microencapsulation as disclosed in US 3,074,845; amido-aldehyde resin in-situ polymerized capsules disclosed in EP 0 158 449 Al ; etherified urea-formaldehyde polymer as disclosed in US 5,204,185; melamine- formaldehyde microcapsules as described in US 4,525,520; cross-linked oil-soluble melamine-formaldehyde precondensate as described in US 5,011,634; capsule wall material formed from a complex of cationic and anionic melamine-formaldehyde precondensates that are then cross-linked as disclosed in US 5,013,473; polymeric shells made from addition polymers such as condensation polymers, phenolic aldehydes, urea aldehydes or acrylic polymer as disclosed in US 3,516,941 ; urea-formaldehyde capsules as disclosed in EP 0 443 428 A2; melamine-formaldehyde chemistry as disclosed in GB 2 062 570 A; and capsules composed of polymer or copolymer of styrene sulfonic acid in acid of salt form, and capsules cross-linked with melamine-formaldehyde as disclosed in US 4,001,140.

[0071] Urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde Capsules. Urea- formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde pre-condensate capsule shell wall precursors are prepared by means of reacting urea or melamine with formaldehyde where the mole ratio of melamine or urea to formaldehyde is in the range of from 10: 1 to 1 :6, preferably from 1 :2 to 1 :5. For purposes of practicing this invention, the resulting material has a molecular weight in the range of from 156 to 3000. The resulting material may be used 'as-is' as a cross-linking agent for the aforementioned substituted or un-substituted acrylic acid polymer or copolymer or it may be further reacted with a C1-C6 alkanol, e.g., methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 3-propanol, 1 -butanol, 1-pentanol or 1 -hexanol, thereby forming a partial ether where the mole ratio of melamine/urea:formaldehyde:alkanol is in the range of l :(0.1-6):(0.1 -6). The resulting ether moiety-containing product may be used 'as-is' as a cross-linking agent for the aforementioned substituted or un-substituted acrylic acid polymer or copolymer, or it may be self-condensed to form dimers, trimers and/or tetramers which may also be used as cross-linking agents for the aforementioned substituted or un-substituted acrylic acid polymers or co-polymers. Methods for formation of such melamine-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde pre-condensates are set forth in US Patent Nos. 3,516,846 and 6,261 ,483, and Lee et al. (2002) J. Microencapsulation 19, 559-569.

[0072] Examples of urea-formaldehyde pre-condensates useful in the practice of this invention are URAC 180 and URAC 186, trademarks of Cytec Technology Corp. of Wilmington, DE. Examples of melamine-formaldehyde pre-condensates useful in the practice if this invention, include, but are not limited to, CYMEL U-60, CYMEL U-64 and CYMEL U-65, trademarks of Cytec Technology Corp. of Wilmington, DE. It is preferable to use, as the precondensate for cross-linking, the substituted or un-substituted acrylic acid polymer or co-polymer. In practicing this invention, the range of mole ratios of urea-formaldehyde precondensate/melamine-formaldehyde pre-condensate to substituted/un-substituted acrylic acid polymer/co-polymer is in the range of from 9: 1 to 1 :9, preferably from 5 : 1 to 1 :5 and most preferably from 2: 1 to 1 :2.

[0073] In one embodiment of the invention, microcapsules with polymer(s) composed of primary and/or secondary amine reactive groups or mixtures thereof and cross-linkers can also be used. See US 2006/0248665. The amine polymers can possess primary and/or secondary amine functionalities and can be of either natural or synthetic origin. Amine-containing polymers of natural origin are typically proteins such as gelatin and albumen, as well as some polysaccharides. Synthetic amine polymers include various degrees of hydrolyzed polyvinyl formamides, polyvinylamines, polyallyl amines and other synthetic polymers with primary and secondary amine pendants. Examples of suitable amine polymers are the LUPAMIN series of polyvinyl formamides available from BASF. The molecular weights of these materials can range from 10,000 to 1,000,000 Da.

[0074] Urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde capsules can also include formaldehyde scavengers, which are capable of binding free formaldehyde. When the capsules are for use in aqueous media, formaldehyde scavengers such as sodium sulfite, melamine, glycine, and carbohydrazine are suitable. When the capsules are aimed to be used in products having low pH, e.g., fabric care conditioners, formaldehyde scavengers are preferably selected from beta diketones, such as beta-ketoesters, or from 1,3-diols, such as propylene glycol. Preferred beta-ketoesters include alkyl-malonates, alkyl aceto acetates and polyvinyl alcohol aceto acetates.

[0075] The microcapsule composition of this invention optionally contains one or more additional microcapsules, e.g., a third, fourth, fifth, or sixth microcapsules. Each of these microcapsules can be any of the microcapsule described above.

Active Materials

[0076] The core of the capsules of the invention can include one or more active materials including, but not limited to, flavors and/or fragrance ingredients such as fragrance oils. Individual perfume ingredients that can be encapsulated include:

[0077] i) hydrocarbons, ii) aliphatic alcohols, iii) aliphatic ketones and oximes thereof, iv) aliphatic carboxylic acids and esters thereof, v) acyclic terpene alcohols, vi) acyclic terpene aldehydes and ketones, vii) cyclic terpene alcohols, viii) cyclic terpene aldehydes and ketones, ix) cyclic alcohols, x) cycloaliphatic alcohols, xi) cyclic and cycloaliphatic ethers, xii) (ethoxymethoxy)cyclododecane; xiii) cyclic ketones, xiv) cycloaliphatic ketones, xvi) esters of cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids, xvii) aromatic and aliphatic alcohols, xviii) esters of aliphatic alcohols and aliphatic carboxylic acids, xix) aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, xx) aromatic and aliphatic ketones, xxi) aromatic and araliphatic carboxylic acids and esters thereof, xxii) nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, xxiii) phenols, phenyl ethers and phenyl esters, xxiv) heterocyclic compounds, xxv) lactones, xxvi) essential oils, concretes, absolutes, resins, resinoids, balsams, tinctures, (xxvii) flavors, (xxviii) taste masking agents, substances for masking one or more unpleasant taste sensations, (xxix) taste sensates, (xxx) malodor counteracting agents, (xxxi) vitamins, (xxxii) antibacterials, (xxxiii) sunscreen actives, (xxxiv) antioxidants, (xxxv) anti-inflammatory agents, (xxxvi) anesthetics, (xxxvii) analgesics, (xxxviii) antifungal agents, (xxxix) antibiotics, (xl) anti-viral agents, (xli) anti-parasitic agents, (xlii) anti-infectious and anti-acne agents, (xliii) dermatological active ingredients useful in topical applications, (xliv) enzymes and co-enzymes useful for topical application, (xlv) skin whitening agents, (xlvi) anti-histamines, (xlvii) chemotherapeutic agents, and (xlviii) insect repellents. [0078] In addition to the active materials listed above, the products of this invention can also contain, for example, the following dyes, colorants or pigments: lactoflavin (riboflavin), beta-carotene, riboflavin-5'-phosphate, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, cantaxanthin, erythrosine, curcumin, quinoline yellow, yellow orange S, tartrazine, bixin, norbixin (annatto, orlean), capsanthin, capsorubin, lycopene, beta-apo-8'-carotenal, beta- apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester, xantophylls (flavoxanthin, lutein, cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, violaxanthin, rodoxanthin), fast carmine (carminic acid, cochineal), azorubin, cochineal red A (Ponceau 4 R), beetroot red, betanin, anthocyanins, amaranth, patent blue V, indigotine I (indigo-carmine), chlorophylls, copper compounds of chlorophylls, acid brilliant green BS (lissamine green), brilliant black BN, vegetable carbon, titanium dioxide, iron oxides and hydroxides, calcium carbonate, aluminum, silver, gold, pigment rubine BK (lithol rubine BK), methyl violet B, victoria blue R, victoria blue B, acilan brilliant blue FFR (brilliant wool blue FFR), naphthol green B, acilan fast green 10 G (alkali fast green 10 G), ceres yellow GRN, sudan blue II, ultramarine, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocayanine green, fast acid violet R. Further naturally obtained extracts (for example paprika extract, black carrot extract, red cabbage extract) can be used for coloring purposes. Good results are also achieved with the colors named in the following, the so-called aluminum lakes: FD & C Yellow 5 Lake, FD & C Blue 2 Lake, FD & C Blue 1 Lake, Tartrazine Lake, Quinoline Yellow Lake, FD & C Yellow 6 Lake, FD & C Red 40 Lake, Sunset Yellow Lake, Carmoisine Lake, Amaranth Lake, Ponceau 4R Lake, Erythrosyne Lake, Red 2G Lake, Allura Red Lake, Patent Blue V Lake, Indigo Carmine Lake, Brilliant Blue Lake, Brown HT Lake, Black PN Lake, Green S Lake and mixtures thereof.

[0079] When the active material is a fragrance, it is preferred that fragrance ingredients within a fragrance having a ClogP of 0.5 to 15 are employed. For instance, the ingredients having a ClogP value between 0.5 to 8 (e.g., 1 to 12, 1.5 to 8, 2 to 7, 1 to 6, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, and 3 to 7) are 25 % or greater (e.g., 50 % or greater and 90 % or greater) by the weight of the fragrance.

[0080] In some embodiments, it is preferred that a fragrance having a weight- averaged ClogP of 2.5 and greater (e.g., 3 or greater, 2.5 to 7, and 2.5 to 5) is employed.

[0081] In certain embodiments, it is preferred that greater than 60 weight percent, preferably greater than 80 and more preferably greater than 90 weight percent of the fragrance chemicals have ClogP values of greater than 2, preferably greater than 3.3, more preferably greater than 4, and even more preferably greater than 4.5.

[0082] In other embodiemnts, the ingredients having a ClogP value between 2 and 7 (e.g., between 2 and 6, and between 2 and 5) are 25 % or greater (e.g., 50 % or greater and 90 % or greater) by the weight of the fragrance. In still other embodiments, it is preferred that greater than 60 %, preferably greater than 80 % and more preferably greater than 90 % of the fragrance chemicals have Clog P values of greater than 3.3, preferably greater than 4 and most preferably greater than 4.5.

[0083] Those with skill in the art will appreciate that many fragrances can be created employing various solvents and fragrance chemicals. The use of a relatively low to intermediate ClogP fragrance ingredients will result in fragrances that are suitable for encapsulation. These fragrances are generally water-insoluble, to be delivered through the capsule systems of this invention onto consumer products in different stages such as damp and dry fabric. Without encapsulation, the free fragrances would normally have evaporated or dissolved in water during use, e.g., wash. Though high logP materials are generally well delivered from a regular (non-encapsulated) fragrance in a consumer product, they have excellent encapsulation properties and are also suitable for encapsulation for overall fragrance character purposes, very long-lasting fragrance delivery, or overcoming incompatibility with the consumer product, e.g., fragrance materials that would otherwise be instable, cause thickening or discoloration of the product or otherwise negatively affect desired consumer product properties.

[0084] In some embodiments, the amount of encapsulated active material is from 5 to 95% (e.g. , 20 to 90% and 40 to 85%) by weight of the capsule. The amount of the capsule wall is from 0.5 to 25% (e.g., 1.5 to 15% and 2.5 to 10%) also by weight of the capsule. In other embodiments, the amount of the encapsulated active material is from 15 to 99.5% (e.g., 50 to 98% and 30 to 95%) by weight of the capsule, and the amount of the capsule wall is from 0.5 to 85% (e.g., 2 to 50% and 5 to 70%) by weight of the capsule. Adjunct Materials

[0085] In addition to the active materials, the present invention also contemplates the incorporation of adjunct materials (i.e. , adjuvant) including solvent, emollients, and core modifier materials in the core encapsulated by the capsule wall. Other adjunct materials are solubility modifiers, density modifiers, stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, pH modifiers, or any combination thereof. These modifiers can be present in the wall or core of the capsules, or outside the capsules in delivery system. Preferably, they are in the core as a core modifier.

[0086] The one or more adjunct material may be added in the amount of from 0.01 to 25% (e.g., from 0.5 to 10%) by weight of the capsule.

[0087] (i) Solvent. For instance, one of the following solvents can be used: capric/caprylic triglyceride known as NEOBEE M5 (Stepan Corporation); the CAPMUL series by Abitec Corporation (e.g., CAPMUL MCM); isopropyl myristate; fatty acid esters of polyglycerol oligomers. While the core can be free of the solvent, it is preferable that the level of solvent is 80 wt% or less, preferably 50 wt% or less (e.g., 0-20 wt%) by weight of the core.

[0088] (ii) Triglycerides and modified triglycerides as emollients.

[0089] (iii) Ester oils have at least one ester group in the molecule.

[0090] (iv) Ester oil as a liquid polyester formed from the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol. Examples of polyesters suitable for the present invention are the polyesters marketed by ExxonMobil under the trade name PURESYN ESTER®, hydrophobic plant extracts.

[0091] (v) Silicones include, for example, linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes, amino-modified, alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl silicone oil.

[0092] (vi) Low/non-volatile hydrocarbons

[0093] (vii) Solid materials. Nanoscale solid particulate materials such as those disclosed in US 7,833,960 may also be incorporated into the core and may be selected from, but not limited to, metal or metallic particles, metal alloys, polymer particles, wax particles, inorganic particulates, minerals and clay particles.

[0094] (viii) Polymeric core modifiers. The level of polymer is normally less than

80% of the core by weight, preferably less than 50%, and most preferably less than 20%.

[0095] (ix) Sacrificial core ingredients. These ingredients can also be included in the core and are designed to be lost during or after manufacture and include, but are not limited to, highly water soluble or volatile materials.

[0096] (x) Solubility modifiers.

[0097] (xi) Density modifiers.

[0098] (xii) Stabilizers.

[0099] (xiii) Viscosity control agents.

[00100] (xiv) Humectants. [00101] (xv) pH modifiers.

Deposition Aids

[00102] A capsule deposition aid from 0.01 to 25%, more preferably from 5 to 20% can be included by weight of the capsule. The capsule deposition aid can be added during the preparation of the capsules or it can be added after the capsules have been made.

[00103] These deposition aids are used to aid in deposition of capsules to surfaces such as fabric, hair or skin. These include anionically, cationically, nonionically, or amphoteric water-soluble polymers. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the charge of these polymers can be adjusted by changing the pH, depending on the product in which this technology is to be used. Any suitable method for coating the deposition aids onto the encapsulated fragrance materials can be used. The nature of suitable polymers for assisted capsule delivery to interfaces depends on the compatibility with the capsule wall chemistry since there has to be some association to the capsule wall. This association can be through physical interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, electron transfer interactions or, alternatively, the polymer coating could be chemically (covalently) grafted to the capsule or particle surface. Chemical modification of the capsule or particle surface is another way to optimize anchoring of the polymer coating to capsule or particle surface. Furthermore, the capsule and the polymer need to be compatible with the chemistry (polarity, for instance) of the desired interface. Therefore, depending on which capsule chemistry and interface (e.g., cotton, polyester, hair, skin, wool), the polymer can be selected from one or more polymers with an overall zero (amphoteric: mixture of cationic and anionic functional groups) or net positive charge, based on the following polymer backbones: polysaccharides, polypeptides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyolefinic (vinyl, acrylic, acrylamide, poly diene), polyester, polyether, polyurethane, polyoxazoline, polyamine, silicone, polyphosphazine, olyaromatic, poly heterocyclic, or polyionene, with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 1,000 to 1000,000,000 Da, preferably from 5,000 to 10,000,000 Da As used herein, molecular weight is provided as weight average molecular weight.

[00104] Particular examples of cationic polymers that can be used to coat the polyurea or polyurethane capsule include, e.g., polysaccharides such as guar, alginates, starch, xanthan, chitosan, cellulose, dextrans, arabic gum, carrageenan, and hyaluronates. These polysaccharides can be employed with cationic modification and alkoxy-cationic modifications such as cationic hydroxyethyl or cationic hydroxypropyl. For example, cationic reagents of choice are 3 -chloro-2 -hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride or its epoxy version. Another example is graft-copolymers of polyDADMAC on cellulose. Alternatively, polysaccharides can be employed with aldehyde, carboxyl, succinate, acetate, alkyl, amide, sulfonate, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and combinations of these functionalities; or any hydrophobic modification (compared to the polarity of the polysaccharide backbone). The above modifications can be in any ratio and the degree of functionalization can be up to complete substitution of all functionalizable groups, as long as the theoretical net charge of the polymer is zero (mixture of cationic and anionic functional groups) or preferably positive. Furthermore, up to 5 different types of functional groups may be attached to the polysaccharides. Also, polymer graft chains may be differently modified to the backbone. The counterions can be any halide ion or organic counter ion. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,297,203 and 6,200,554.

[00105] Another source of cationic polymers contain protonatable amine groups so that the overall net charge is zero (amphoteric: mixture of cationic and anionic functional groups) or positive. The pH during use will determine the overall net charge of the polymer. Examples include silk protein, zein, gelatin, keratin, collagen and any polypeptide, such as polylysine.

[00106] Further cationic polymers include polyvinyl polymers with up to 5 different types of monomers can be used. Such polyvinyl polymers are sold under the name LUPAMIN 9095 by BASF Corporation. Further suitable cationic polymers containing hydroxylalkylvinylamine units, as disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 6,057,404.

[00107] Another class of materials are polyacrylates with up to 5 different types of monomers. Typical polymers of choice are those containing the cationic monomer dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) or methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (M APT AC). DMAEMA can be found in GAFQUAT and GAFFIX VC-713 polymers from ISP. MAPTAC can be found in BASF's LUVIQUAT PQ11 PN and ISP's GAFQUAT HS100.

[00108] Another group of polymers that can be used are those that contain cationic groups in the main chain or backbone. Included in this group are:

[00109] i) polyalkylene imines such as polyethylene imine, commercially available as LUPASOL from BASF. Any molecular weight and any degree of crosslinking of this polymer can be used in the present invention; [00110] ii) ionenes as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,395,541 and U.S. Pat. No.

4,597,962;

[00111] iii) adipic acid/dimethyl amino hydroxypropyl diethylene triamine copolymers, such as CARTARETIN F-4 and F-23, commercially available from Sandoz;

[00112] iv) polymers of the general formula: -[N(CH3)2-(CH ₂ )x-NH-(CO)-NH-(CH ₂ ) _y - N(CH3)2)-(CH2)z-0-(-CH2) _p ]n-, with x, y, z, p = 1-12, and n according to the molecular weight requirements. Examples are Polyquaternium-2 (MIRAPOL A- 15), Polyquater- nium-17 (MIRAPOL AD-1), and Polyquaternium-18 (MIRAPOL AZ-1). Other polymers include cationic polysiloxanes and cationic polysiloxanes with carbon-based grafts with a net theoretical positive charge or equal to zero (mixture of cationic and anionic functional groups). This includes cationic end-group functionalized silicones (i.e., Polyquaternium- 80). Silicones with general structure: -Si(Ri)(R2)-0-] _x -[Si(R3)(R2)-0-] _y - where Ri is any alkane from C1-C25 or H with number of double bonds from 0-5, aromatic moieties, polysiloxane grafts, or mixtures thereof. Ri can also be a liquid crystalline moiety that can provide the polymer with thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. R2 can be H or CH ₃ ; and R ₃ can be -R1-R4, where R4 can be -NH ₂ , -NHRi, -NR1R2, -NR1R2R6 (where R¾ = Ri, R ₂ , or -CH2-COOH or its salt), -NH-C(O)-, -COOH, -COO- alkali salt, any C1-C25 alcohol, -C(0)-NH ₂ (amide), -C(0)-N(R ₂ )(R ₂ ')(R2"), sulfobetaine, betaine, polyethylene oxide, poly(ethyleneoxide/propylene oxide/butylene oxide) grafts with any end group, H, -OH, styrene sulfonate, pyridine, quaternized pyridine, alkyl-substituted pyrrolidone or pyridine, pyridine-N-oxide, imidazolinium halide, imidazolium halide, imidazol, piperidine, pyrrolidone, caprolactam, sulfonate, ethoxysulphate phenyl-Rs or naphthalene-R6 where R5 and R6 are Ri, R2, R3, sulfonic acid or its alkali salt or organic counter ion. R ₃ can also be -(CH ₂ ) _x -0-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-N(CH ₃ )2-CH2-COOH and its salts. Any mixture of these R ₃ groups can be selected. X and y can be varied as long as the theoretical net charge of the polymer is zero (amphoteric) or positive. In addition, polysiloxanes containing up to 5 different types of monomeric units may be used. Examples of suitable polysiloxanes are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,395,541 4,597,962 and 6,200,554. Another group of polymers that can be used to improve capsule/particle deposition are phospholipids that are modified with cationic polysiloxanes. Examples of these polymers are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,313, WO Patent Application 95/18096A1 and European Patent No. 0737183B1. [00113] Furthermore, copolymers of silicones and polysaccharides and proteins can be used (e.g., those commercially available as CRODASONE brand products).

[00114] Another class of polymers includes polyethylene oxide-co-propyleneoxide-co- butylene oxide polymers of any ethylene oxide/propylene oxide/butylene oxide ratio with cationic groups resulting in a net theoretical positive charge or equal to zero (amphoteric). Examples of such polymers are the commercially available TETRONIC brand polymers.

[00115] Suitable polyheterocyclic (the different molecules appearing in the backbone) polymers include the piperazine-alkylene main chain copolymers disclosed by Kashiki and Suzuki (1986) Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 25: 120-125.

[00116] Table 2 below shows polyquaternium polymers that can be used as deposition aids in this invention.

TABLE 2. Deposition Aids ~ Cationic Polyquaternium Polymers

Polyquaternium Description Commercial Products

Ethanol, 2,2',2 ' ' -nitrilotris-, polymer with

1 l,4-dichloro-2-butene and Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'- Polyquad (Alcon)

tetramethyl-2-butene- 1 ,4-diamine

Poly [bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt- 1 ,3 -bis[3 -

2 Mirapol A- 15

(dimethylamino)propyl]urea]

Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl

diallylammonium chloride copolymer;

4 Celquat L-200, H-100, L-200

Diallyldimethylammonium chloride- hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer

Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized

5 Merquat 5, RETEN (Hercules) dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate

6 Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Merquat 100, 106, Mirapol 100

Merquat 550, 550L, 550PR, S,

Copolymer of acrylamide and 7SPR, 740, 2200, Mirapol 550,

7

diallyldimethylammonium chloride Polyquart 770/NA,

Conditioneze 7

8 Methyl and Stearyl Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate Quaternized with Dimethyl

Sulfate

Polydimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate

9

Quaternized with Methyl Bromide

Merquat 10, Celquat SC-230M,

10 Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose SC-240C, SC-140C, Ucare

Polymer

Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and

Luviquat PQ 11PN, Gafquat

11 quaternized dimethylaminoethyl

775N, 440, 734, 775 methacrylate

2-Propenoic Acid, 2-Methyl-, Decahydro- 1 ,4-Dimethyl-7-(l -Methylethyl)- 1 - Phenanthrenyl)Methyl Ester, Polymer with

12

2-(Diethylamino)Ethyl 2-Methyl-2- Propenoate and Ethyl 2-Methyl-2- Propenoate, compd. with Dimethyl Sulfate

2-Propenoic Acid, 2-Methyl-, 2-(Diethyl- amino)Ethyl Ester, Polymer with Ethyl 2-

13 Methyl-2-Propenoate and 9-Octadecenyl

2-Methyl-2-Propenoate, compd. with

Dimethyl Sulfate

Ethanaminium, N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-[(2-

14 Methyl- 1 -Oxo-2-Propenyl)Oxy] -, Methyl

Sulfate, Homopolymer

Ethanaminium, N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-[(2-

Rohagit KF 720F (Rohm

15 Methyl-l-Oxo-2-Propenyl)Oxy]-,Chloride,

GmbH)

Polymer with 2-Propenamide

Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and Luviquat FC 370, HM 552,

16

quaternized vinylimidazole Style, FC 550, Excellence

Poly(Oxy- 1 ,2-Ethanediyl (Dimethyl-

17 iminio)-l,3-Propanediylimino(l,6-Dioxo- Mirapol AD

1 ,6 -Hexanediyl)Imino -1,3 -Propanediyl - (Dimethyliminio)- 1 ,2-Ethanediyl

Dichloride

Poly[oxy- 1 ,2-ethanediyl(dimethyliminio)- l,3-propanediylimino-(l,6-dioxo-l,6-

18 heptanediyl)imino-l,3-propanediyl- Luviquat 500

(dimethyliminio)- 1 ,2-ethanediyl

dichloride]

Ethenol, polymer with Arlatone PQ-220 (ICI

19

aminomethyloxirane Americas)

Ethenyl octadecyl ether, polymer with

20 Arlatone PQ-225

aminomethyloxirane

Copolymer of Acrylic Acid and

22 Merquat 280, 281, 280SD, 295

Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride

Cellulose, 2-[2-Hydroxy-3-(Trimethyl-

Quatrisoft Polymer LM-200

24 ammonio)Propoxy]Ethyl Ether, Chloride

(Dow Chemical)

(Similar to PQ-10)

Hexanediamide, N,N'-bis(3 -(Dimethyl - amino)Propyl)-, Polymer with N,N'-bis(3-

27

Dimethylamino)Propyl Urea and 1,1'- Oxybis(2-Chloroethane), Block

Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and meth- Gafquat HS-100, Conditioneze

28

acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium NT- 10

Chitosan, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl-2-

Quaternized Chitosan

29 Hydroxy-3-(Trimethylammonio)Propyl

Ether, Chloride

Ethanaminium, NCarboxymethyl)-N,N- Dimethyl-2-((2-Methyl- 1 -Oxo-2-

30 Mexomere PX (Chimex)

Propenyl)Oxy)-, Inner Salt, Polymer with

Methyl 2-Methyl-2-Propenoate

2-Propenenitrile, Homopolymer,

31 Hydrolyzed, Block, Reaction Products Hypan QT100 (Lipo)

with N,N-Dimethyl-1 ,3-Propanediamine, Di-Et Sulfate-Quaternized

Cosmedia CTC (Cognis

Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyl- GmbH) - PQ-32 + other,

32

trimethyl ammonium chloride) Salcare SC92 (Ciba Corp.) PQ- 32 + other

Lanoquat DES-50, Ultimer

Ethanaminium, N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-[l - CG-200 (Nalco), Sepigel

33 Oxo-2-Propenyl)Oxy]-, Chloride, Polymer

Quat33 (Seppic) - PQ-33 + with 2-Propenamide

other

Poly(diethyliminio -1,3 -prop anediyldi-

34 Mexomere PAK (Chimex) methyliminio-1 ,3-propanediyl dibromide)

Ethanaminium, N-carboxymethyl-N,N- dimethyl-2-(2-methyl- 1 -oxo-2-

35 propenyloxy)-, inner salt, polymer with Plex 3074 L (Rohm GmbH)

N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(2-methyl- 1 -oxo-2- propenyloxy)ethanaminium methyl sulfate

2-Propenoic Acid, 2-Methyl-,2- (Dimethylamino)Ethyl Ester, Polymer with

36 Plex 4739L (Rohm GmbH)

Methyl 2-Methyl-2-Propenoate, compd.

with Dimethyl Sulfate

Ultragel 300 (Cognis),

N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-[(Methyl-l -Oxo-2- Synthalen CN, CR, CU (3V

37 Propenyl)Oxy]Ethanaminium Chloride,

Group), Syntran PC 5320 Homopolymer

(Interpolymer)

2-Propen- 1 -aminium, N,NDimethyl-N-2-

Merquat 3940, PLUS-3330,

39 Propenyl-, Chloride, Polymer with 2- PLUS-3331, 3331PR

Propenamide and 2-Propenoic Acid

Poly[oxy ethyl ene(dimethyliminio)ethylene

42 Busan 1507 (Buckman Labs)

(dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride]

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt Genamin PQ 43 (Clariant

43 formed from acrylamide, Functional Chemicals),

acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2- Bozequat 4000 (Clariant) amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate, and

DMAPA monomers

Luviquat Ultracare, MS 370

Poly(2-oxopyrrolidin-l-ylethylene, 3- (BASF), Softenol PQ44

44 methylimidazolium-1 -ylethylene methyl

(Zdchimmer & Schwarz sulfate)

Italianat S.p.A)

Glycine, N-methyl-N-[2-[(2-methyl-l-oxo- 2-propenyl)oxy] ethyl]-, polymer with 2-

45 (dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2- Plex 3073L (Rohm GmbH) propenoate, compound with dimethyl

sulfate

lH-Imidazolium, l-Ethenyl-3 -Methyl-,

Methyl Sulfate, Polymer with 1 -Ethenyl-

46 Luviquat Hold

hexahydro-2H-Azepin-2-one and 1- Ethenyl-2-Pyrrolildinone

1 -Propanaminium, N,N,NTrimethyl-3 -((2- Methyl- 1 -Oxo-2-Propenyl)Amino)-,

47 Merquat 2001, 2001N

Chloride, Polymer with Methyl 2- Propenoate and 2-Propenoic Acid

Polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

formed from methacryloyl ethyl betaine, 2-

48 hydroxyethyl methacrylate and Plascize L-450 (Goo Chemical) methacryloyl ethyl trimethyl ammonium

chloride

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt

formed by the reaction of methacryloyl

Plascize L-440

49 ethyl betaine, PEG-9 methacrylate and

(Goo Chemical)

methacryloyl ethyl trimethyl ammonium

chloride

Carboxylatoethyldimethylammonioethyl 2-

50 Plascize L-401 (Goo Chemical) methyl-2-propenoate homopolymer

51 3,5,8-Triox-4-Phosphaundec-10-en-l - Lipidure PMB aminium, 4-Hydroxy-N,N,N, 10- (NOF)

Tetramethyl-9-Oxo, Inner Salt, 4-Oxide,

Polymer with Butyl 2-Methyl-2- Propenoate

Acrylic Acid/Acrylamide/Methacryl-

53 amidopropyltrimonium Chloride Merquat 2003 PR

Copolymer

Aspartic acid, polymer with C6-18

54 alkyl amine, 3 -dimethyl aminopropylamine Quilty-Hy (Mitsui)

and sodium chloroacetate

1 -Dodecanaminium, N,NDimethyl-N-[3- [(2 -Methyl- 1 -Oxo-2-Propenyl)-Amino- Propyl]-, Chloride, Polymer with N-[3-

55 Styreze W

(Dimethylamino)Propyl]-2-Methyl-2- Propenamide and l-Ethenyl-2- Pyrrolidinone

5-Isocyanato-l-(isocyanatomethyl)-l ,3,3- trimethylcyclohexane, polymer with 1 ,3- Hairrol UC-4 (Sanyo

56

butanediol and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)di- Chemical)

methylammonium methyl sulfate

12-Hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenamidopropyl- trimethyl ammonium chloride, polymers

57 Zenigloss Q (Zenitech) with ricinus communis (castor) oil,

isooctdecanoic acid and butandioic acid

2-Propenoic Acid, Methyl Ester, Polymer

with 2,2-Bis[(2-Propenyloxy)Methyl]-l - Lowenol Conditioner PWW

58 Butanol and Diethenylbenzene, Reaction (Lowenstein) -PQ-58 and

Products with N,NDimethyl-l,3-Propane- Wheat Protein

diamine, Chloromethane-Quaternized

Poly(20,25-dioxo-2,5,10,15,18-penta-

Crodasorb UV-HPP (Croda, methyl-10-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-(3-phenyl-2-

59 Inc.) - PQ-59 and Butylene propenamido)propyldimethylammonio)pro

Glycol

pyl)- 10-azonia- 1 ,4,7,13,16, 19-hexaoxa- pentacosanediyl) chloride

9-Octadecenoic Acid, 12-Hydroxy-, [(2- Hydroxyethyl)-Imino]Di-2, 1 -Ethanediyl Polylipid PPI-RC

60 Ester, Polymer with 5-Isocyanato-l - (Alzo/Bernel) - PQ-60 and

(Isocyanatomethyl)-l ,3,3-Trimethyl- Propylene Glycol cyclohexane, Compd. with Diethyl Sulfate

2-Methyl-2-propenoyloxyethyl Ν,Ν,Ν- trimethylammonioethyl phosphate inner

61 Lipidure-S (NOF )

salt, polymer with octadecyl 2-methyl-2- propenoate

Polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

butyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol

methyl ether methacrylate, ethylene glycol Nanoaquasome (Amore

62

dimethacrylate and 2-methacryloylethyl Pacific/Kyung-do) trimonium chloride with 2,2'-azobis(2- methyl propionamidine)dihydrochloride

Finquat (Innospec), Octacare polymeric quaternary ammonium salt

PQ63 (Innospec Edison, NJ),

63 formed by acrylamide, acrylic acid and

OF-308 (WSP Chemical & ethyltrimonium chloride acrylate

Technology)

2-Methyl-2-propenoyloxyethyl Ν,Ν,Ν- trimethylammonioethyl phosphate inner

64 salt, polymer with 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl- Lipidure-C (NOF)

2-propenoyl)oxypropyltrimethyl- ammonium chloride

2-Methyl-2-propenoyloxyethyl Ν,Ν,Ν- trimethylammonioethyl phosphate inner

65 salt, polymer with butyl 2-methyl-2- Lipidure-A (NOF)

propenoate and sodium 2-methyl-2- propenoate

5-Isocyanato-l -(isocyanatomethyl)-l ,3,3-

WBR-2925C (Taisei) - PQ-66

66 trimethylcyclohexane, polymer with

and Methyl Pyrrolidone di(hydroxypolymethylene) benzene- dicarboxylate and ethylbis(2-hydroxy- ethyl)methylammonium ethyl sulfate

2-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, reaction

products with N,N,N-trimethyl-N-

67 oxiranylmethylammonium chloride and N- Softcat (Dow Chemical) dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-N- oxiranylmethylammonium chloride

1 -Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, polymer with

68 1 -ethenylimidazole and l-ethenyl-3- Luviquat Supreme

methylimidazolium methyl sulfate

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt

composed of vinyl caprolactam,

vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropyl

69 Aquastyle 100, 300 (ISP) methacrylamide (DMAPA), and

methacryloylaminopropyl lauryldimonium

chloride

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt

consisting of an ethoxylated, propoxylated

70 stearyl amine condensed with adipic acid Lustreplex (Croda)

and dilinoleic acid and quaternized with

dimethyl sulfate

ColaMoist 3 OOP (Colonial

71

Chemical Inc)

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

hydroxethylcellulose reacted with a coco-

72 Mirustyle CP (Croda)

alkyl dimethyl ammonium substituted

epoxide

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt

consisting of propyltrimonium chloride Diaformer C-802, C-823 acrylamide, ethyltrimonium chloride (Mitsubishi Chem), Diasleek

73

methacrylate and dimethylacrylamide C-802, C-823 (Mitsubishi monomers; Propanaminium, Ν,Ν,Ν- Chem)

trimethyl-3-(2-propenamido)-, chloride, polymer with N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(2- methyl-2-propenoyloxy)ethanaminium

chloride and N,N-dimethyl-2-propenamide

Mirapol PB 20 (Rhodia)

74

Polycare Boost (Rhodia)

0-(2-Hydroxy-2-trimethylammonio- propyl)starch chloride, reaction products Amylomer Cat 220EMU

75

with 0-(3-dodecyldimethylammonio-2- (Grafe Chemie)

hydroxypropyl)starch chloride

76 Mirapol AT-1 (Rhodia)

Cocoglucoside Crosspolymer Colonial Poly SugaQuat TM-

77

Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride 861 OP (Colonial Chemical Inc)

Decylglucoside Crosspolymer Colonial Poly SugaQuat L-

78

Hydroxypropyl Laurdimonium Chloride 1010P (Colonial Chemical Inc)

Decylglucoside Crosspolymer Colonial Poly SugaQuat S-

79

Hydroxypropyl Steardimonium Chloride 1010P (Colonial Chemical Inc)

Laurylglucoside Crosspolymer Colonial Poly SugaQuat L-

80

Hydroxypropyl Laurdimonium Chloride 121 OP (Colonial Chemical Inc)

Laurylglucoside Crosspolymer Colonial Poly SugaQuat S-

81

Hydroxypropyl Steardimonium Chloride 121 OP (Colonial Chemical Inc)

Laurylglucoside Crosspolymer Colonial Poly SugaQuat TM-

82

Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride 1218P (Colonial Chemical Inc) polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium

Diasleek C-824 (Mitsubishi

84 chloride, trimethylaminoethyl

Chemical)

methacrylate, dimethylacrylamide and

hydroxy ethylmethacryl ate

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium Diasleek C-825 (Mitsubishi

85

chloride, dimethylacrylamide and Chemical)

hydroxy ethylmethacryl ate

86 polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of Luvigel Advanced (BASF) vinylpyrrolidone, l-methyl-3- vinylimidazoline chloride, vinylimidazole

and methacrylic acid

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

87 vinylpyrrolidone, vinylimidazole and Luviquat Sensation (BASF) diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride

Poly(Dilinoleyldimonium ColaQuat PDQ (Colonial

88

hydroxypropyl)chlorides) Chemical Inc)

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt

prepared by the reaction of t-butyl acrylate,

vinyl pyrolidone, dimethylaminopropyl

89 methacrylamide, methacrylic acid and (BASF)

ethyldimethyl[2-[(2-methyl-l- oxoallyl)oxy] ammonium ethyl sulfate,

neutralized with orthophosphoric acid

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

acrylamide and hydroxyethylcellulose Hymoquat AK325R (Hymo

90

quaternized with diallyldimethyl Corporation)

ammonium chloride

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of

hydroxypropyl methacrylate and

Syntran 5500 (Interpolymer) -

91 polyethylene glycol methacrylate

PQ-91 and PA

quaternized with ethyltrimonium chloride

methacrylate

GLYCERYL AMIDOETHYL

92 METHACRYLATE/STEARYL Ceracute-G (NOF)

METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER

polymeric quaternary ammonium salt

consisting of acrylamide, dimethyl diallyl

94 ammonium chloride and (Toho)

methacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride

monomers copolymer of Zea Mays (Com) Starch,

Acrylic Acid and

95 Polyquart Ecoclean (Cognis) acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium

chloride monomers

98 (Cognis GmbH)

101 Deposilk Ql (Air Products)

[00117] Other suitable deposition aids include those described in US 2013/0330292, US 2013/0337023, US 2014/0017278.

Additional Components

[00118] The microcapsule composition of this invention can include one or more non- confined unencapsulated active materials from 0.01 to 50%, more preferably from 5 to 40%.

[00119] The microcapsule composition can also contain one or more other delivery system such as polymer-assisted delivery compositions (see US 8,187,580), fiber-assisted delivery compositions (US 2010/0305021), cyclodextrin host guest complexes (US 6,287,603 and US 2002/0019369), pro-fragrances (WO 2000/072816 and EP 0 922 084), and any combination thereof. More exemplary delivery systems that can be incorporated are coascervate capsules, cyclodextrin delivery systems, and pro-perfumes.

[00120] (1) Melt extruded flavor/fragrance. Polymer assisted delivery system include melt extruded flavor/fragrance utilizing high molecular weight carbohydrates, low molecular weight carbohydrates, or polymer.

[00121] (1.1) High molecular weight carbohydrate including starches, modified starches.

[00122] (1.2) Low molecular weight carbohydrates of a low molecular weight carbohydrate or polyol, wherein said low molecular weight carbohydrate or polyol is selected from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, corn syrup solid, erythritol, lactitol, mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol, isomalt, xylitol, trehalose, hydrogenated corn syrup, hydrogenated glucose syrup, hydrogenated maltose syrup, hydrogenated lactose syrup, starch hydrolysate, and a mixture thereof, and wherein said glassy matrix has a glass transition temperature of greater than room temperature.

[00123] (1.3) Polymers (various polymers are useful in the practice of our invention. Specific examples of polymers useful in the practice of our invention are as follows: DYLAN® of low density polyethylene (DYLAN® is a trademark owned by the Atlantic Richfield Company of Los Angeles, Calif), DYLITE® of expandable polystyrene compositions (DYLITE® is a trademark of the Atlantic Richfield Company of Los Angeles, Calif), and SUPER DYLAN® of high density polyethylene (SUPER DYLAN® is a trademark of the Atlantic Richfield Company of Los Angeles, Calif.)

[00124] Blended polyethylene and carbon black as specifically taught in U. S. Pat. No. 4,369,267 issued on Jan. 18, 1983, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein.

[00125] Polystyrene as disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 4,369,227 issued on Jan. 18, 1983, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Polyene/alpha-olefin copolymers as exemplified and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,291, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Poly-alpha-olefins as exemplified in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,137,069 issued on Dec. 7, 1982, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Polymeric compositions as disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,137,068 issued on Dec. 7, 1982, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Poly-alpha-olefins disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,137,067, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein.

[00126] Polyolefins described in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,137,066, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Polyethylene oxides as disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,137,065 issued on Dec. 7, 1982, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein.

[00127] Olefin polymers and co-polymers as disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,139,737, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Canadian Pat. No. 1,139,737 was issued on Jan. 18, 1983. Polyolefins disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,139,738, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Canadian Pat. No. 1 ,139,738 was issued on Jan. 18, 1983. Chlorinated PVC as disclosed in Polymer 1982, 23 (7, Suppl.), 1051-6 abstracted at Chem. Abstracts 97: 145570y, 1982.

[00128] Polyepsilon caprolactone co-polymers made by means of alcohol initiated polymerization as disclosed in J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 1982, 20(2), pages 319- 26, abstracted at Chem. Abstracts, Volume 96: 123625x, 1982. Styrene acrylonitrile copolymers as disclosed in Diss. Abstracts, Int. B, 1982, 42(8), 3346 and abstracted at Chem. Abstracts 96: 143750n (1982). Co-polymers of epsilon caprolactone with 1 ,4- butane diol as disclosed at Kauch. Rezine, 1982, (2), 8-9, abstracted at Chem. Abstracts, volume 96: 182506g (1982). Polyesters as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,010, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein.

[00129] Chlorinated polyethylene as disclosed by Belorgey, et. al. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 1982, 20(2), 191-203. Plasticized polyepsilon caprolactone copolymers containing dimethyl phthalate plasticizers as set forth in Japanese Pat. No. J81/147844, abstracted at Chem. Abstracts, Volume 96:69984y (1982), the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Maleic anhydride modified adducts of polyepsilon caprolactone polyols and ethylenically unsaturated monomer as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,279 issued on Jan. 30, 1979, the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Polyurethane polymers having lactone backbones as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,156,067 issued on May 22, 1979, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Polyurethane polyether resins wherein the resin is obtained by reacting a polyfunctional lactone with a long chain polyalkylene diol and a urethane precursor as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,355,550 issued on Mar. 10, 1981 , the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Resins having polyurethane backbones as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,350 issued on Aug. 17, 1976, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

[00130] (1.4) Suitable plasticizers include water; glycerol; propylene glycol; aqueous solutions of glycerol, propylene glycol, monosaccharides, and disaccharides; and invert and high fructose corn syrups.

[00131] (1.5) Emulsifier. surface-active agent, i.e. an emulsifier can be added to the dry blend, or preferably added to the liquid flavor mix which is ultimately injected into the metering zone of the extruder. These emulsifiers can be from the class of distilled monoglycerides, mono- and diglyceride blends, propyleneglycol monoglycerides, lecithin, modified lecithins, acetylated monoglycerides, lactylated monoglycerides, lactylated propyleneglycol monoglycerides, sorbitan esters, sorbitan-polyoxyethylene [20] monoglycerides, polyglycerol esters, DATEM's (diacetyltartarate esters of monoglycerides), succinylated esters of monoglycerides and polyoxyethylenepropylene copolymers and mixtures thereof. Most preferred surfactants are the sorbitan- polyoxyethylene [20] monoglycerides, lecithins, and polyglycerol esters.

[00132] (2) Spray Dry Encapsulation.

[00133] (2.1) The matrix is comprised of one or more of the following materials: sugars such as glucose, fructose, lactose, galactose, ribose, xylose, sucrose, maltose; polyols such as glycerin and propylene glycol; corn syrups, maltodextrin, fats, silicone dioxide, polyhydric alcohols, corn syrup solids, starches, modified starches, emulsifiers and food acids. The level of maltodextrin used in the matrix, comprises from 25 to 98 weight percent, preferably form 35 to 75 weight percent, the maltodextrin

[00134] (2.2) Core modifiers: flavors and fragrance may also be combined with a variety of solvents which serve to increase the compatibility of the various materials, increase the overall hydrophobicity of the blend, influence the vapor pressure of the materials, or serve to structure the blend. Solvents performing these functions are well known in the art and include mineral oils, triglyceride oils, silicone oils, fats, waxes, fatty alcohols, diisodecyl adipate, and diethyl phthalate among others.

[00135] (2.3) emulsifiers including monoglycerides of fatty acids, distilled succinylated monoglycerides of fatty acids, sorbitan fatty acid esters; distilled acetylated monoglycerides of fatty acids, monoglycerides of fatty acids.

[00136] (3) Coascervate Capsules.

[00137] (3.1 ) Proteins useful in coacervation processes include albumins, vegetable globulins and gelatines. The gelatine may be fish, pork, beef, and/or poultry gelatine, for example. According to a preferred embodiment, the protein is fish, beef or poultry gelatine. According to a more preferred embodiment, the protein is warm water fish gelatine.

[00138] (3.2) Typical non-protein polymers useful in complex coacervation methods include, in particular, negatively charged polymers. For example, they may be selected from gum arabic, xanthan, agar, alginate salts, cellulose derivatives, for example carboxymethyl cellulose, pectinate salts, carrageenan, polyacrylic and methacrylic acid, and/or mixtures thereof. Further suitable non-proteins can be derived from the literature, for example from to WO 2004/022221 , page 4, lines 27-29

[00139] (3.3) A cross-linking agent is typically used to harden the coating layer. Suitable cross-linking agents include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, chrome alum, or transglutaminase. Preferably, transglutaminase is used at 10- 100, preferably 30-60 activity units per gram of gelatine. This enzyme is well described and commercially obtainable.

[00140] (4) Cyclodextrin Delivery System

[00141] This technology approach uses a cyclic oligosaccharide or cyclodextrin to improve the delivery of perfume. Typically, a perfume and cyclodextrin (CD) complex is formed. Such complexes may be pre-formed, formed in-situ, or formed on or in the situs. See, e.g., WO 2013/109798 A2 and US 2011/0308556 Al.

[00142] (5) Pro-Perfume

[00143] (5.1) Michael Addition reaction products of a primary/secondary amine with an unsaturated ester, acid or nitrile perfume compound such those described in US 6,858,575.

[00144] (5.2) Reaction product between a primary/secondary amine compound/polymer and a ketone or aldehyde perfume compound such as those described in WO 2001/051599 Al and WO 2002/092746 Al

[00145] (5.3) other nonlimiting examples include aromatic or non-aromatic imines (Schiff bases), oxazolidines, beta-keto esters, orthoesters, compounds comprising one or more beta-oxy or beta-thio carbonyl moieties capable of releasing a perfume (e.g., an alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone, aldehyde or carboxylic ester). The typical trigger for perfume release is exposure to water; although other triggers may include enzymes, heat, light, pH change, autoxidation, a shift of equilibrium, change in concentration or ionic strength and others. Suitable pro-perfumes and methods of making same can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,912,350 B2, 7,018,978 B2; 6,987,084 B2; 6,956,013 B2; 6,861 ,402 Bl ; 6,544,945 Bl ; 6,093,691 ; 6,277,796 Bl ; 6,165,953; 6,316,397 Bl ; 6,437,150 Bl ; 6,479,682 Bl ; 6,096,918; 6,218,355 Bl ; 6,133,228; 6,147,037; 7,109,153 B2; 7,071 ,151 B2; 6,987,084 B2; 6,916,769 B2; 6,610,646 B2 and 5,958,870, as well as can be found in US 2005/0003980 Al and US 2006/0223726 Al .

[00146] Any compound, polymer, or agent discussed above can be the compound, polymer, or agent itself as shown above, or its salt, precursor, hydrate, or solvate. A salt can be formed between an anion and a positively charged group on the compound, polymer, or agent. Suitable anions include chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, citrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, acetate, malate, tosylate, tartrate, fumurate, glutamate, glucuronate, lactate, glutarate, and maleate. Likewise, a salt can also be formed between a cation and a negatively charged group on the compound, polymer, or agent. Suitable cations include sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, and an ammonium cation (e.g., tetramethylammonium ion). A precursor can be ester and another suitable derivative, which, during the process of preparing a polyurea or polyurethane capsule composition of this invention, is capable of converting to the compound, polymer, or agent and being used in preparing the polyurea or polyurethane capsule composition. A hydrate refers to the compound, polymer, or agent that contains water. A solvate refers to a complex formed between the compound, polymer, or agent and a suitable solvent. A suitable solvent can be water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.

[00147] Certain compounds, polymers, and agents have one or more stereocenters, each of which can be in the R configuration, the S configuration, or a mixture. Further, some compounds, polymers, and agents possess one or more double bonds wherein each double bond exists in the E (trans) or Z (cis) configuration, or combinations thereof. The compounds, polymers, and agents include all possible configurational stereoisomeric, regioisomeric, diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as any mixtures thereof. As such, lysine used herein includes L-lysine, D-lysine, L-lysine monohydrochloride, D-lysine monohydrochloride, lysine carbonate, and so on. Similarly, arginine includes L-arginine, D-arginine, L-arginine monohydrochloride, D-arginine monohydrochloride, arginine carbonate, arginine monohydrate, and etc. Guanidine includes guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine carbonate, guanidine thiocyanate, and other guanidine salts including their hydrates. Ornithine include L-ornithine and its salts/hydrates (e.g., monohydrochloride) and D-ornithine and its salts/hydrates (e.g., monohydrochloride).

[00148] The microcapsule composition of this invention can be a slurry containing in a solvent (e.g., water) the capsule at a level of 0.1 to 80% (preferably 1 to 65% and more preferably 5 to 45%) by weight of the capsule delivery system.

[00149] In some embodiments, the microcapsule composition slurry is purified by washing the capsule slurry with water, e.g., deionized or double deionized water, until a neutral pH is achieved. For the purposes of the present invention, the capsule suspension can be washed using any conventional method including the use of a separatory funnel, filter paper, centrifugation and the like. The capsule suspension can be washed one, two, three, four, five, six, or more times until a neutral pH, e.g., pH 6-8 and 6.5-7.5, is achieved. The pH of the purified capsules can be determined using any conventional method including, but not limited to pH paper, pH indicators, or a pH meter.

[00150] A capsule suspension of this invention is "purified" in that it is 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% homogeneous to capsules. In accordance with the present invention, purity is achieved by washing the capsules until a neutral pH is achieved, which is indicative of removal of unwanted impurities and/or starting materials, e.g., polyisocyanate, cross-linking agent and the like.

[00151] In certain embodiments of this invention, the purification of the capsules includes the additional step of adding a salt to the capsule suspension prior to the step of washing the capsule suspension with water. Exemplary salts of use in this step of the invention include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride, potassium chloride or bisulphite salts. See US 2014/0017287.

[00152] The microcapsule composition of this invention can also be spray dried to a solid form. In a spray drying process, a spray dry carrier is added to a microcapsule composition to assist the removal of water from the slurry.

[00153] According to one embodiment, the spray dry carriers can be selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates such as chemically modified starches and/or hydrolyzed starches, gums such as gum arabic, proteins such as whey protein, cellulose derivatives, clays, synthetic water-soluble polymers and/or copolymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol. The spray dry carriers may be present in an amount from 1 to 50%, more preferably from 5 to 20%.

[00154] Optionally, a free flow agent (anticaking agent) of silicas which may be hydrophobic (i.e. silanol surface treated with halogen silanes, alkoxysilanes, silazanes, siloxanes, etc. such as Sipernat D17, Aerosil R972 and R974 (available from Degussa), etc.) and/or hydrophilic such as Aerosil 200, Sipernat 22S, Sipernat 50S, (available from Degussa), Syloid 244 (available from Grace Davison), may be present from 0.01 to 10%, more preferable from 0.5 to 5%.

[00155] Humectants and viscosity control/suspending agents can also be added to facilitate spray drying. These agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,428,869, 4,464,271, 4,446,032, and 6,930,078. Details of hydrophobic silicas as a functional delivery vehicle of active materials other than a free flow/anticaking agent are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,500,223 and 6,608,017.

[00156] The spray drying inlet temperature is in the range of 150 to 240 °C, preferably between 170 and 230 °C, more preferably between 190 and 220 °C.

[00157] As described herein, the spray-dried microcapsule composition is well suited for use in a variety of all dry (anhydrous) products: powder laundry detergent, fabric softener dryer sheets, household cleaning dry wipes, powder dish detergent, floor cleaning cloths, or any dry form of personal care products (e.g. shampoo powder, deodorant powder, foot powder, soap powder, baby powder), etc. Because of high fragrance and/or active agent concentration in the spray-dried products of the present invention, characteristics of the aforementioned consumer dry products will not be adversely affected by a small dosage of the spray-dried products.

[00158] The microcapsule composition can also be sprayed as a slurry onto a consumer product, e.g. , a fabric care product. By way of illustration, a liquid delivery system containing capsules is sprayed onto a detergent powder during blending to make granules. See US 2011/0190191. In order to increase fragrance load, water-absorbing material, such as zeolite, can be added to the delivery system.

[00159] Alternatively, granulates in a consumer product are prepared in a mechanical granulator in the presence of a granulation auxiliary such as non-acid water-soluble organic crystalline solids. See WO 2005/097962.

Zeta Potentials and Rupture Forces

[00160] The first microcapsule of this invention is positively charged as indicated by a zeta potential of at least 10 mV, preferably at least 25 mV (e.g., 25 to 200 mV), and more preferably at least 40 mV (e.g., 40 to 100 mV). The second microcapsule is either neutral (having a zeta potential of 5 to -5 mV) or negatively charged (having a zeta potential of -10 mV or less).

[00161] Zeta potential is a measurement of electrokinetic potential in the microcapsule slurry. From a theoretical viewpoint, zeta potential is the potential difference between the water phase (i. e. , the dispersion medium) and the stationary layer of water attached to the surface of the microcapsule.

[00162] The zeta potential is a key indicator of the stability of the microcapsule in the microcapsule compositions or in consumer products. Typically, a microcapsule having a zeta potential of 10 to 25 mV shows a moderate stability. Similarly, a microcapsule having a zeta potential of 25 to 40 mV shows a good stability and a microcapsule having a zeta potential of 40 to 100 mV shows excellent stability. Not to be bound by any theory, the microcapsule of this invention has a desirable zeta potential making it suitable for use in consumer products with improved stability.

[00163] Zeta potential is calculated using theoretical models and an experimentally- determined electrophoretic mobility or dynamic electrophoretic mobility. For more detailed discussion on measurement of zeta potential, see Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J. "Ultrasound for characterizing colloids", Elsevier, 2002. [00164] The first and second microcapsules of this invention each independently can have a fracture strength of 0.2 to 80 MPa (e.g. , 0.5 to 60 MPa, 1 to 50 MPa, and 5 to 30 MPa). The fracture strength of each microcapsule is calculated by dividing the rupture force (in Newtons) by the cross-sectional area of the respective microcapsule (jir2, where r is the radius of the particle before compression). The measurement of the rupture force and the cross-sectional area is performed following the methods described in Zhang et al., J. Microencapsulation 18(5), 593-602 (2001).

[00165] The first and second microcapsules each can have a rupture force of less than 10 mN (e.g. , 0.1 to 10 mN, 0.2 to 8 raN, 0.3 to 5 mN, and 0.1 to 2 raN). The rupture force is the force needed to rupture the microcapsules. Its measurement is based on a technique known in the art as micro-manipulation. See Zhang et al., Journal of Microencapsulation 16(1), 1 17-124 (1999).

Hair Care Products

[00166] The microcapsule composition of this invention is especially suitable for use in hair care products including hair conditioning products.

[00167] Hair conditioner products includes hair conditioners, leave-on hair conditioner, leave-in conditioner, rejuvenating conditioner, creme rinse, oil-free hair conditioners, rinse-off hair conditioner, conditioning rinse, foaming conditioner, conditioning styling gel, conditioning mousse, spay-on conditioner, hair dressing creme and hair repair spray.

[00168] The term "leave-on" refers to a hair care composition that is applied to the hair and not further subjected to a rinsing step. The term "rinse-out" as contrasted with the term "leave on ^" ' is used herein to mean compositions which are used in a context whereby the composition is ultimately rinsed or washed from the hair either after or during the application of the product.

[00169] Conditioning agents include any material which is used to give a particular conditioning benefit to hair. Suitable conditioning agents are those which deliver one or more benefits relating to shine, softness, comb ability, antistatic properties, wet-handling, damage, manageability, body, and greasiness. Examples include silicones (e.g. silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone gums, high refractive silicones, silicone quaternary compounds, and silicone resins), organic conditioning oils (e.g. , hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and fatty esters), alkyl quaternaries, and combinations thereof. See US 6,696,053 and WO 2017/127494. [00170] The concentration of the conditioning agent in the hair conditioner products should be sufficient to provide the desired conditioning benefits, and as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art (e.g. , 0.1 to 30%, 0.1 to 20%, 0.1 to 10%, and 0.1 to 6%).

[00171] The microcapsule composition can be present at a level of 0.02 to 15% (e.g., 0.05 to 10%, 0.1 to 5%, and 0.5 to 3%) so that the hair conditioning composition has a fragrance load of 0.01 to 5% (e.g. , 0.02 to 3%, 0.05 to 2%, and 0.1 to 1 %). The term "fragrance load" refers to the percentage of the fragrance by weight of the consumer product, e.g. , the hair conditioning composition.

[00172] The hair care products of this invention contain any one of the microcapsule described above and a conditioning agent. Optional additional components that can be included in the hair care products are cationic thickeners, carriers, emollients, moisturizing agents, hair soothing agents, anti-oxidants/radical scavengers, chelators or chelating agents, anti-inflammatory agents antimicrobial actives, sunscreen actives, antidandruff agents, styling agents, hair bodying and volumizing agents, and combinations thereof. See US 6,696,053 and WO 2017/127494.

Fabric Conditioning Products

[00173] The microcapsule composition of this invention is also suitable for use in fabric care products such as fabric conditioning products.

[00174] The fabric conditioning compositions having the microcapsule composition contains at least one fabric conditioning agent, preferably at a concentration of 1 to 30% (e.g., 4 to 20%, 4 to 10%, and 8 to 15%). It would be obvious to a skilled person in the art to determine the concentration of a fabric conditioning agent while keeping its conditioning benefits and also maintaining a reasonable stability and shelf life.

[00175] Suitable fabric conditioning agents include cationic surfactants. Non-limiting examples are quaternary ammonium compounds such as alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds, ring or cyclic quaternary ammonium compounds, aromatic quaternary ammonium compounds, diquaternary ammonium compounds, alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds, amidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds, ester quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof. Fabric softening compositions, and components thereof, are generally described in US 2004/0204337 and US 2003/0060390. Suitable softening agents include esterquats such as Rewoquat WE 18 commercially available from Evonik Industries and Stepantex SP-90 commercially available from Stepan Company.

[00176] The microcapsule composition can be present at a level of 0.02 to 15% (e.g., 0.05 to 10%, 0.1 to 5%, and 0.5 to 3%) so that the fabric conditioning composition has a fragrance load of 0.01 to 5% (e.g. , 0.02 to 3%, 0.05 to 2%, and 0.1 to 1 %).

Applications.

[00177] The microcapsule composition of the present invention are well-suited for use, without limitation, in the following products:

a) Household products

i. Liquid or Powder Laundry Detergents which can use the present invention include those systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,929,022, 5,916,862, 5,731 ,278, 5,565,145, 5,470,507, 5,466,802, 5,460,752, 5,458,810,

5,458,809, 5,288,431, 5,194,639, 4,968,451, 4,597,898, 4,561,998,

4,550,862, 4,537,707, 4,537,706, 4,515,705, 4,446,042, and 4,318,818 ii. Unit Dose Pouches, Tablets and Capsules such as those described in EP 1 431 382 Al, US 2013/0219996 Al, US 2013/0284637 Al, and US

6,492,315. These unit dose formulations can contain high concentrations of a functional material (e.g. , 5-100% fabric softening agent or detergent active), fragrance (e.g., 0.5-100%, 0.5-40%, and 0.5-15%), and flavor (e.g. , 0.1 -100%, 0.1-40%, and 1 -20%). They can contain no water to limit the water content as low as less than 30% (e.g., less than 20%, less than 10%, and less than 5%).

iii. Scent Boosters such as those described in US 7,867,968, US 7,871,976, US 8,333,289, US 2007/0269651 Al, and US2014/0107010 Al. iv. Fabric Care Products such as Rinse Conditioners (containing 1 to 30 weight % of a fabric conditioning active), Fabric Liquid Conditioners (containing 1 to 30 weight % of a fabric conditioning active), Tumble Drier Sheets, Fabric Refreshers, Fabric Refresher Sprays, Ironing Liquids, and Fabric Softener Systems such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,335,315, 5,674,832, 5,759,990, 5,877,145, 5,574,179, 5,562,849, 5,545,350, 5,545,340,

5,411 ,671, 5,403,499, 5,288,417, 4,767,547 and 4,424,134

Liquid fabric softeners/fresheners contains at least one fabric softening agent present, preferably at a concentration of 1 to 30% (e.g., 4 to 20%, 4 to 10%, and 8 to 15%). The ratio between the active material and the fabric softening agent can be 1 : 500 to 1 : 2 (e.g., 1 : 250 to 1 : 4 and 1 : 100 to 1 :8). As an illustration, when the fabric softening agent is 5% by weight of the fabric softener, the active material is 0.01 to 2.5%, preferably 0.02 to 1.25% and more preferably 0.1 to 0.63%. As another example, when the fabric softening agent is 20% by weight of the fabric softener, the active material is 0.04 to 10%, preferably 0.08 to 5% and more preferably 0.4 to 2.5%. The active material is a fragrance, malodor counteractant or mixture thereof. The liquid fabric softener can have 0.15 to 15% of capsules (e.g., 0.5 to 10%, 0.7 to 5%, and 1 to 3%). When including capsules at these levels, the neat oil equivalent (NOE) in the softener is 0.05 to 5% (e.g., 0.15 to 3.2%, 0.25 to 2%, and 0.3 to 1 %).

Suitable fabric softening agents include cationic surfactants. Non-limiting examples are quaternary ammonium compounds such as alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds, ring or cyclic quaternary ammonium compounds, aromatic quaternary ammonium compounds, diquaternary ammonium compounds, alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds, amidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds, ester quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof. Fabric softening

compositions, and components thereof, are generally described in US 2004/0204337 and US 2003/0060390. Suitable softening agents include esterquats such as Rewoquat WE 18 commercially available from Evonik Industries and Stepantex SP-90 commercially available from Stepan Company.

v. Liquid dish detergents such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,069,122 and 5,990,065

vi. Automatic Dish Detergents such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos.

6,020,294, 6,017,871, 5,968,881, 5,962,386, 5,939,373, 5,914,307, 5,902,781, 5,705,464, 5,703,034, 5,703,030, 5,679,630, 5,597,936, 5,581 ,005, 5,559,261, 4,515,705, 5,169,552, and 4,714,562

vii. All-purpose Cleaners including bucket dilutable cleaners and toilet cleaners viii. Bathroom Cleaners

ix. Bath Tissue x. Rug Deodorizers

xi. Candles

xii. Room Deodorizers

xiii. Floor Cleaners

xiv. Disinfectants

xv. Window Cleaners

xvi. Garbage bags/trash can liners

xvii. Air Fresheners including room deodorizer and car deodorizer, scented candles, sprays, scented oil air freshener, Automatic spray air freshener, and neutralizing gel beads

xviii. Moisture absorber

xix. Household Devices such as paper towels and disposable Wipes

xx. Moth balls/traps/cakes

b) Baby Care Products

i. Diaper Rash Cream/Balm

ii. Baby Powder

c) Baby Care Devices

i. Diapers

ii. Bibs

iii. Wipes

d) Oral Care Products. Tooth care products (as an example of preparations according to the invention used for oral care) generally include an abrasive system (abrasive or polishing agent), for example silicic acids, calcium carbonates, calcium phosphates, aluminum oxides and/or hydroxylapatites, surface-active substances, for example sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and/or cocamidopropylbetaine, humectants, for example glycerol and/or sorbitol, thickening agents, for example carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycols, carrageenan and/or Laponite®, sweeteners, for example saccharin, taste correctors for unpleasant taste sensations, taste correctors for further, normally not unpleasant taste sensations, taste-modulating substances (for example inositol phosphate, nucleotides such as guanosine monophosphate, adenosine monophosphate or other substances such as sodium glutamate or 2- phenoxypropionic acid), cooling active ingredients, for example menthol derivatives, (for example L-menthyllactate, L-menthylalkylcarbonates, menthone ketals, menthane carboxylic acid amides), 2,2,2-trialkylacetic acid amides (for example 2,2-diisopropylpropionic acid methyl amide), icilin and icilin derivatives, stabilizers and active ingredients, for example sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, tin difluoride, quaternary ammonium fluorides, zinc citrate, zinc sulfate, tin pyrophosphate, tin dichloride, mixtures of various pyrophosphates, triclosan, cetylpyridinium chloride, aluminum lactate, potassium citrate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, strontium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, flavorings and/or sodium bicarbonate or taste correctors. i. Tooth Paste. An exemplary formulation as follows:

1. calcium phosphate 40-55%

2. carboxymethyl cellulose 0.8-1.2%

3. sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5-2.5%

4. glycerol 20-30%

5. saccharin 0.1-0.3%

6. flavor oil 1.0-2.5%

7. water q.s. to 100%

A typical procedure for preparing the formulation includes the steps of (i) mixing by a blender according to the foregoing formulation to provide a toothpaste, and (ii) adding a composition of this invention and blending the resultant mixture till homogeneous.

ii. Tooth Powder

iii. Oral Rinse

iv. Tooth Whiteners

v. Denture Adhesive

e) Health Care Devices

i. Dental Floss

ii. Toothbrushes

iii. Respirators

iv. Scented/flavored condoms

f) Feminine Hygiene Products such as Tampons, Feminine Napkins and Wipes, and Pantiliners g) Personal Care Products: Cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations, e.g. , a "water-in-oil" (W/O) type emulsion, an "oil-in-water" (O/W) type emulsion or as multiple emulsions, for example of the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type, as a PIT emulsion, a Pickering emulsion, a micro-emulsion or nano-emulsion; and emulsions which are particularly preferred are of the "oil-in-water" (O/W) type or water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type. More specifically,

i. Personal Cleansers (bar soaps, body washes, and shower gels)

ii. In-shower conditioner

iii. Sunscreen ant tattoo color protection (sprays, lotions, and sticks) iv. Insect repellants

v. Hand Sanitizer

vi. Antiinflammatory balms, ointments, and sprays

vii. Antibacterial ointments and creams

viii. Sensates

ix. Deodorants and Antiperspirants including aerosol and pump spray

antiperspirant, stick antiperspirant, roll-on antiperspirant, emulsion spray antiperspirant, clear emulsion stick antiperspirant, soft solid antiperspirant, emulsion roll-on antiperspirant, clear emulsion stick antiperspirant, opaque emulsion stick antiperspirant, clear gel antiperspirant, clear stick deodorant, gel deodorant, spray deodorant, roll-on, and cream deordorant.

x. Wax-based Deodorant. An exemplary formulation as follows:

1. Parafm Wax 10-20%

2. Hydrocarbon Wax 5-10%

3. White Petrolatum 10-15%

4. Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol 2-4%

5. Diisopropyl Adipate 4-8%

6. Mineral Oil 40-60%

7. Preservative (as needed)

The formulation is prepared by (i) mixing the above ingredients, (ii) heating the resultant composition to 75 °C until melted, (iii) with stirring, adding 4% cryogenically ground polymer containing a fragrance while maintaining the temperature 75 °C, and (iv) stirring the resulting mixture in order to ensure a uniform suspension while a composition of this invention is added to the formulation.

xi. Glycol/Soap Type Deodorant. An exemplary formulation as follows:

1. Propylene Glycol 60-70%

2.Sodium Stearate 5-10%

3. Distilled Water 20-30%

4.2,4,4-Trichloro-2'- Hydroxy Diphenyl Ether, manufactured by the Ciba- Geigy Chemical Company and a Trademark of the Ciba-Geigy Chemical Company) 0.01-0.5%

The ingredients are combined and heated to 75 °C with stirring until the sodium stearate has dissolved. The resulting mixture is cooled to 40 °C followed by addition of a composition of this invention.

xii. Lotion including body lotion, facial lotion, and hand lotion

xiii. Body powder and foot powder

xiv. Toiletries

xv. Body Spray

xvi. Shave cream and male grooming products

xvii. Bath Soak

xviii. Exfoliating Scrub

h) Personal Care Devices

i. Facial Tissues

ii. Cleansing wipes

i) Hair Care Products

i. Shampoos (liquid and dry powder)

ii. Hair Conditioners (Rinse-out conditioners, leave-in conditioners, and

cleansing conditioners)

iii. Hair Rinses

iv. Hair Refreshers

v. Hair perfumes

vi. Hair straightening products

vii. Hair styling products, Hair Fixative and styling aids

viii. Hair combing creams

ix. Hair wax

x. Hair foam, hair gel, nonaerosol pump spray xi. Hair Bleaches, Dyes and Colorants

xii. Perming agents

xiii. Hair wipes

j) Beauty Care

i. Fine Fragrance - Alcoholic. Compositions and methods for incorporating fragrance capsules into alcoholic fine fragrances are described in US 4,428,869. Alcoholic fine fragrances may contain the following:

1. Ethanol (1-99%)

2. Water (0-99%)

3. A suspending aide including but not limited to: hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, silica, microcrystalline cellulose, carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or xanthan gum (0.1 -1 %)

4. Optionally an emulsifier or an emollient may be included including but not limited to those listed above

ii. Solid Perfume

iii. Lipstick/lip balm

iv. Make-up cleanser

v. Skin care cosmetic such as foundation, pack, sunscreen, skin lotion, milky lotion, skin cream, emollients, skin whitening

vi. Make-up cosmetic including manicure, mascara, eyeliner, eye shadow, liquid foundation, powder foundation, lipstick and cheek rouge

k) Consumer goods packaging such as fragranced cartons, fragranced plastic bottles/boxes

1) Pet care products

i. Cat litter

ii. Flea and tick treatment products

iii. Pet grooming products

iv. Pet shampoos

v. Pet toys, treats, and chewables

vi. Pet training pads

vii. Pet carriers and crates m) Confectionaries confectionery, preferably selected from the group consisting of chocolate, chocolate bar products, other products in bar form, fruit gums, hard and soft caramels and chewing gum

i. Gum

1. Gum base (natural latex chicle gum, most current chewing gum bases also presently include elastomers, such as polyvinylacetate (PVA), polyethylene, (low or medium molecular weight) polyisobutene (PIB), polybutadiene, isobutene-isoprene copolymers (butyl rubber), polyvinylethylether (PVE), polyvinylbutyether, copolymers of vinyl esters and vinyl ethers, styrene-butadiene copolymers (styrene-butadiene rubber, SBR), or vinyl elastomers, for example based on

vinylacetate/vinyllaurate, vinylacetate/vinylstearate or

ethyl ene/vinylacetate, as well as mixtures of the mentioned elastomers, as described for example in EP 0 242 325, U. S. Pat. No. 4,518,615, U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,136, U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,336, U.S. Pat. No. 5,601,858 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,986,709.) 20-25%

2. Powdered sugar 45-50%

3. glucose 15-17%

4. starch syrup 10-13%

5. plasticizer 0.1%

6. flavor 0.8-1.2%

The components described above were kneaded by a kneader according to the foregoing formulation to provide a chewing gum. Encapsulated Flavor or sensate is then added and blended till homogeneous.

ii. Breath Fresheners

iii. Orally Dissolvable Strips

iv. Chewable Candy

v. Hard Candy

n) Baked products, preferably selected from the group consisting of bread, dry biscuits, cakes and other cookies; o) snack foods, preferably selected from the group consisting of baked or fried potato chips or potato dough products, bread dough products and corn or peanut-based extrudates;

i. Potato, tortilla, vegetable or multigrain chips

ii. Popcorn

iii. Pretzels

iv. Extruded stacks

p) Cereal Products preferably selected from the group consisting of breakfast cereals, muesli bars and precooked finished rice products

q) Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, preferably selected from the group consisting of coffee, tea, wine, beverages containing wine, beer, beverages containing beer, liqueurs, schnapps, brandies, sodas containing fruit, isotonic beverages, soft drinks, nectars, fruit and vegetable juices and fruit or vegetable preparations; instant beverages, preferably selected from the group consisting of instant cocoa beverages, instant tea beverages and instant coffee beverages i. Ready to drink liquid drinks

ii. Liquid Drink Concentrates

iii. Powder Drinks

iv. Coffee: Instant Cappucino

1. Sugar 30-40%

2. Milk Powder 24-35%

3. Soluble Coffee 20-25%

4. Lactose 1-15%

5. Food Grade Emulsifier 1-3%

6. Encapsulated Volatile Flavor 0.01 -0.5%

v. Tea

vi. Alcoholic

r) Spice blends and consumer prepared foods

i. Powder gravy, sauce mixes

ii. Condiments

iii. Fermented Products

s)Ready to heat foods: ready meals and soups, preferably selected from the group consisting of powdered soups, instant soups, precooked soups i. Soups

ii. Sauces

iii. Stews

iv. Frozen entrees

t) Dairy Products milk products, preferably selected from the group consisting of milk beverages, ice milk, yogurt, kefir, cream cheese, soft cheese, hard cheese, powdered milk, whey, butter, buttermilk and partially or fully hydrolyzed milk protein-containing products Flavored milk beverages

i. Yoghurt

ii. Ice cream

iii. Bean Curd

iv. Cheese

u) Soya protein or other soybean fractions, preferably selected from the group consisting of soya milk and products produced therefrom, soya lecithin- containing preparations, fermented products such as tofu or tempeh or products produced therefrom and soy sauces;

v) Meat products, preferably selected from the group consisting of ham, fresh or raw sausage preparations, and seasoned or marinated fresh or salt meat products

w) Eggs or egg products, preferably selected from the group consisting of dried egg, egg white and egg yolk

x) Oil-based products or emulsions thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of mayonnaise, remoulade, dressings and seasoning

preparations

y) fruit preparations, preferably selected from the group consisting of jams, sorbets, fruit sauces and fruit fillings; vegetable preparations, preferably selected from the group consisting of ketchup, sauces, dried vegetables, deep-frozen vegetables, precooked vegetables, vegetables in vinegar and preserved vegetables

z) Flavored pet foods.

[00178] The above-listed applications are all well known in the art. For example, fabric softener systems are described in US Patent Nos. 6,335,315, 5,674,832, 5,759,990, 5,877,145, 5,574,179; 5,562,849, 5,545,350, 5,545,340, 5,411,671, 5,403,499, 5,288,417, and 4,767,547, 4,424,134. Liquid laundry detergents include those systems described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,929,022, 5,916,862, 5,731,278, 5,565,145, 5,470,507, 5,466,802, 5,460,752, 5,458,810, 5,458,809, 5,288,431, 5,194,639, 4,968,451, 4,597,898, 4,561,998, 4,550,862, 4,537,707, 4,537,706, 4,515,705, 4,446,042, and 4,318,818. Liquid dish detergents are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,069,122 and 5,990,065. Shampoo and conditioners that can employ the present invention include those described in US Patent Nos. 6,162,423, 5,968,286, 5,935,561, 5,932,203, 5,837,661, 5,776,443, 5,756,436, 5,661,118, 5,618,523, 5,275,755, 5,085,857, 4,673,568, 4,387,090 and 4,705,681. Automatic Dish Detergents are described in U. S. Pat. Nos. 6,020,294, 6,017,871, 5,968,881, 5,962,386, 5,939,373, 5,914,307, 5,902,781 , 5,705,464, 5,703,034, 5,703,030, 5,679,630, 5,597,936, 5,581,005, 5,559,261, 4,515,705, 5,169,552, and 4,714,562.

[00179] All parts, percentages and proportions refer to herein and in the claims are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

[00180] The values and dimensions disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such value is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a value disclosed as "50%" is intended to mean "about 50%."

[00181] The terms "capsule" and "microcapsule" herein are used interchangeably.

[00182] The terms "polyfunctional isocyanate," "multifunctional isocyanate," and "polyisocyanate" all refer to a compound having two or more isocyanate (-NCO) groups.

[00183] The terms "polyfunctional amine," "multifunctional amine," and "polyamine" refers to a compound containing one, two or more primary or secondary amine groups. These terms also refers to a compound containing one or more primary/secondary amine groups and one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH).

[00184] The terms "polyethyleneimine," "polyethyleneimines," "polyethylenimine," and "polyethylenimines" are used interchangeably.

[00185] The terms "polyfunctional alcohol," "multifunctional alcohol," "poly alcohol," and "polyol" refer to a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups.

[00186] The term "degree of polymerization" refers to the number of repeat units in a polymer.

[00187] The term "degree of crosslinking" refers to percent of interconnecting units over the total repeat unit. It is generally measured by swelling experiments. See ASTM Standard Test Method ASTM D2765-1 1 ; Lange, Colloid & Polymer Science 264, 488-93 (1986).

[00188] The terms "multi-functional nucleophile" and "polyfunctional nucleophile" are used herein interchangeably. They both refer to an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon onto which is attached two or more nucleophilic groups such as primary/secondary amine groups and the hydroxyl group.

[00189] The term "multi-functional electrophile" and "polyfunctional electrophile" are used interchangeably and refer to an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, onto which is attached two or more electrophilic groups reactive towards the nucleophilic group. Examples of an electrophilic group include: aldehydes, halide, sulfate esters, sulphonate esters, epoxide, chlorohydrins as well as terminal olefins conjugated with a carbonyl group including ketone, amide, or ester.

[00190] The invention is described in greater detail by the following non-limiting examples. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, based on the description herein, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. All publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

EXAMPLE 1

[00191] A microcapsule composition of this invention (i. e. , Composition 1), was prepared following the procedure below.

Preparation of a Cationic Microcapsule

[00192] A cationic microcapsule (Microcapsule 1) was prepared as a first microcapsule following the procedure below using polystyrene sulfonate and CMC as the capsule formation aid. Ninety-six grams of a fragrance accord (International Flavors and Fragrance, Union Beach, NJ) was weighed out and combined with 24 g of NEOBEE oil M-5 (caprylic/capric triglyceride, Stepan, Chicago, IL) and 9.6 g of isocyanate monomer, TAKENATE D1 10-N (trimethylol propane-adduct of xylylene diisocyanate, Mitsui Chemicals Corporation, Rye Brook, NY), to form the oil phase. In a separate beaker, a solution (130 g) containing 1.0% of FLEXAN II (polystyrene sulfonate, Akzo Nobel, Bridgewater, NJ) was mixed with a solution (30 g) of 1 % CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose, WALOCEL CRT 50000 PA 07, Dow, Midland, MI) in water to form the aqueous phase. The oil phase was then emulsified into the aqueous phase to form the fragrance emulsion under shearing (ULTRA TURRAX, T25 Basic, IKA WERKE) at 6500 rpm for two minutes.

[00193] Formation of Fragrance Capsules. The fragrance emulsion was heated to 35°C in a round bottom vessel and 10.4 g of 49% branched polyethylenimine (Sigma- Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was added under constant mixing with an overhead mixer. Formation of capsules was immediately visible by optical microscopy. The mixer speed was reduced after the addition of branched polyethylenimine was complete. The capsule slurry was cured at 55°C for two hours to obtain Microcapsule 1.

[00194] Microcapsule 1 thus prepared had a zeta potential of 51.5 mV.

Preparation of an Anionic Microcapsule

[00195] An anionic microcapsule (Microcapsule 2) was prepared as a second microcapsule following the procedure below. This second microcapsule contains a microcapsule wall formed of a reaction product of hexamethylene diamine and a polyisocyanate using a mixture of naphthalene sulfonate condensate salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the capsule formation aid.

[00196] Ninety six grams of a fragrance accord (International Flavors and Fragrance, Union Beach, NJ) was weighed out and combined with 24 g of Neobee oil (commercially available from Stepan, Chicago, IL, USA) and 9.6 g of isocyanate monomer, Lupranate ®M20 (BASF corporation, Wyandotte, MI, USA) to form the oil phase. In a separate beaker, a solution (160g) containing 1 % Morwet D-425 (a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, commercially available from Akzo Nobel, Fort Worth, TX, USA) and 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution (Luviskol ®K90, commercially available from BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) was used as the aqueous phase. The oil phase was then emulsified into the aqueous phase to form the fragrance emulsion under shearing (Ultra Turrax®, T25 Basic, IKA® WERKE) at 9500 rpm for two minutes.

[00197] The fragrance emulsion was then placed in a round bottom vessel and to which 10.8 g of 40% hexamethylene diamine aqueous solution (HMDA) (commercially available from INVISTA, Wichita, KS, USA) was added under constant mixing with an overhead mixer. Formation of capsule was immediately visible by optical microscopy. The mixer speed was reduced after the addition of HMDA was complete. The capsule slurry was cured at 55 °C for two hours to obtain Microcapsule 2.

[00198] Microcapsule 2 thus prepared had a zeta potential of -26 mV.

Preparation of Composition 1 [00199] Microcapsule 1 (30g) was mixed with Microcapsule 2 (30g) at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a microcapsule composition of this invention, i.e. , Composition 1.

EXAMPLE 2: Performance of Composition 1 in a hair conditioner base

[00200] To evaluate the performance of Composition 1, it was blended with a model hair conditioner base at a level of 1% by weight of the hair conditioner base. The fragrance load was 0.3% neat equivalent.

[00201] The perfumery benefit of Composition 1 was evaluated by conducting a personal wash experiment using the standard protocol below. Four hair swatches were washed per sample. For each hair swatch, 1 g an unfragranced shampoo was applied on swatch. The shampoo is lathered into hair by rubbing swatches together clockwise & counterclockwise 10 times each. After the shampoo was set on the swatch for 15 seconds, the swatch was washed in a water flow (37 °C, 1 gallon/min) for 45 seconds. Subsequently, the swatch was washed with the hair conditioner containing Composition 1 using the same protocol as the shampoo. After washing, the swatch was hang-dried for 16 hours before being evaluated by a panel of 12 judges. Before and after brushing the swatch, the fragrance intensity was rated from a scale ranging from 0 to 10. A numerical value of 2 would suggest the hair only produce weak intensity while a value of 10 a very strong smell.

[00202] Microcapsules 1 and 2 were used as comparative samples following the same blending and hair washing as Composition 1.

[00203] The results showed that Composition 1 had a pre-brush fragrance intensity of 3 before the hair swatch was brushed and a post-brush fragrance intensity of 5.8 after the hair swatch was brushed.

[00204] By contrast, Microcapsule 1 had a pre-brush fragrance intensity of 2.3 and a post-brush fragrance intensity of 5.6; Microcapsule 2 had a pre-brush fragrance intensity of 1.9 and a post-brush fragrance intensity of 3.

OTHER EMBODIMENTS

[00205] All of the features disclosed in this specification may be combined in any combination. Each feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by an alternative feature serving the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

[00206] Indeed, to achieve the purpose of encapsulating an active material, one skilled in the art can design and prepare a capsule composition by using different microcapsules, polyfunctional nucleophiles and/or electrophiles, suitable encapsulating polymers, and/or capsule formation aids, varying the concentrations of these wall-forming materials and/or catalysts to achieve desirable organoleptic or release profiles in a consumable product. Further, the ratios among microcapsules, encapsulating polymers, capsule forming aids, adjuvents, core modifiers, active materials, and catalysts can also be determined by a skilled artisan through assays known in the art to prepare capsule compositions with desirable properties.

[00207] From the above description, a skilled artisan can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of the present invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. Thus, other embodiments are also within the claims.