Technical field

The invention relates to power source, which generates electrical current on the basis of magnetism. The power source contains a metal core, coil of electrically conductive material, capacitor and insulating material.

Prior art

Currently, the electricity is produced mainly by alternator and dynamo. Both belong to the group of electro-dynamic sources. Generators convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy. Faraday ^' s discovery of electromagnetic induction allowed for construction of a device, in which it is possible to obtain electrical energy for energy purposes.

The alternator is a generator that produces electrical current. This process for producing an alternating voltage will be explained using the example of a simple generator, in which is a rotating conductive loop or coil in homogeneous magnetic field. The rotor of the generator consists of coil, or anchor and permanent magnets or electromagnets create homogeneous magnetic field, which is called stator.

The alternator consists of two parts, namely the stator - stationary (static) part and the rotor - movable rotating part.

The alternator can be bipolar on multipolar. Two corresponding poles (north and south) of the rotor are called the pole pair. Rotational frequency of the drive turbine n is given by: n = f/p, where f is the frequency of AC voltage and p is the number of pole pairs.

Most alternators are constructed in a way that the rotor, which rotates within the stator is the source of magnetic field. The permanent magnet is replaced by the electromagnet, which is able to generate a much stronger magnetic field than permanent magnet. The coils of the electromagnet, called excitation coils, are powered by a DC excitation current. If we spin the rotor by mechanical force, its magnetic field will also rotate and induce an electric current in three separate coils, called inductors. Its winding is placed in the grooves spaced circumferentially to stator.

As the rotor turns, the current is induced in every individual coil, so we are able to take three separate currents from the single alternator at the same time. Such alternators are therefore called AC three phase alternators - three phase alternators are used to generate power in almost every power plant.

The individual coils are displaced to each other in the angle of 120 degrees or 1/3 turn of the rotor, therefore the sine waves of the induced currents are mutually shifted by a third of the period. The sum of the actual values of the voltage is equal to zero or ul + u2 + u3 = 0. This allows to combine the concordant ends of all three inductors into one so-called zero (neutral) point and to replace three individual conductors with single conductor. The common conductor of all three phases is called neutral conductor. Each of the remaining conductors is called phase conductor or simply phase. Such a connection is called star connection and is one of the most used in distribution of the electric energy into our houses and industrial plants. Star connection allows us to take two different voltages from distribution network.

According to Faraday ^' s law the induced voltage is equal to the change in the magnetic induction flux divided by the change in time. The changes in the induction flux excite the induced voltage, which is measured on the coil ^' s ends. Since the change in the induction voltage is greatest in the moment when the loop conductors move perpendicular to the induction lines, the induced voltage has the greatest value in this moment.

Conversely, at the moment when the conductors move in the direction of the induction lines, the change of the magnetic induction flux is lowest and the induced voltage is zero. Dependence of the induced voltage from time is shown by the sine wave and for its actual value applies U=Um.sin co. t.

When the loop rotates by 180 degrees, the electrons start to move in the opposite direction, because the change is also already reversed, and when it gets back to the original position, the whole process repeats over and over. It simply follows that the frequency is equal to the number of turns per second.

Dependence of the induced voltage from time is shown by sine wave. Harmonic voltage with amplitude Um is induced in the rotating loop. Um depends not only on the size of magnetic induction B and area of the loop S, but also on the angular frequency ω (Um=B.S.co).

The three phase alternator has two main parts. The stator is made up of two mutually insulated metal sheets, which are attached to the anchor and have the shape of a hollow cylinder, in the grooves are coils connected together so as to create three phase winding. The coils are made of copper wire of high purity.

The dynamo is a rotating electrical machine that converts the mechanical energy from the rotor of prime mover to electrical energy in the form of direct current. This is a one way power generator.

The dynamo consists of stator magnet or electromagnet and rotor with winding and commutator. The design is essentially a DC electric motor used for the opposite purpose.

Until the onset of semiconductor rectifiers, the dynamo was the most significant source of electrical energy (in the form of direct current) in industry and transport. Today, the dynamos are pushed out by more reliable and structurally simpler alternators and devices for subsequent rectification of produced alternating current to direct current (rectifier).

According to the method of stator wiring, we divide the dynamos to ones with permanent magnet, and with separate excitation - typically in industrial production of electrical current. The excitation current was provided by smaller dynamo. Then there is shunt dynamo (the excitation winding connected in parallel with the load) - suitable for small current takings, serial dynamo (the excitation winding connected in series with the load) and compound dynamo - combination of shunt and series dynamo. It is a common type in transport and machines, where the load is highly variable. Series winding of the stator provides sufficient excitation at low impedance load, shunt winding at high impedance.

The nominal voltage of dynamos can be 6V or 12V, dynamos with different voltages are used in special applications. Dynamos without separate excitation or permanent magnet can have issues with start-up. Unless the dynamo does not create current, it is not self-excited, which means that it cannot start to produce current. During first start it is therefore necessary to supply the rotating dynamo with small current pulse, while in subsequent start-ups it can be usually relied upon remnant (residual) magnetism of the stator from previous activity.

The disadvantage of these described solutions is that for the production of electrical energy, they need rotating power source, since they convert kinetic energy into electrical energy.

The production of electrical energy without rotating principle is discussed in e.g. patent WO2014/000716 Floating electrical device that constantly generates electrical energy by using the movement of the water surface.

Summary of the invention

The above disadvantages are eliminated by present invention, the basis of which lies in the fact that the power source on the base of magnetism with metal core and copper coil contains a plastic tube with electrical conductor winding comprising an inner coil, which touches the inside of the magnetised metal tube, which forms the metal core, while there is an air gap between plastic and metal tube, one end of the inner coil is led through the opening in plastic tube into its inside and it forms a negative pole of the source, and the other end of the inner coil is also led through the opening in plastic tube into its inside and is connected to a capacitor, the metal tube is coated in at least one layer of insulating tape, while the insulating tape with varnish layer forms the paper insulating layer, on which is winded the electrical conductor in at least one layer constituting the outside of the coil, while the surface of the coil is provided with electrical insulating varnish in each layer, one end of the outer coil forms a positive pole of the source and the other end of the outer coil is connected to capacitor, the metal tube ends are fitted with two separated metal rings, insulating rings and on the last layer of outer coil is a layer of thermal and shock insulation.

Electrical conductor of the inner/outer coil is made of copper. Metal rings are made of copper. Insulating tape is made of paper. Insulating rings are made of paper. Varnish layer consists of black stoving varnish. The paper insulation layer comprises of at least one layer. Metal tube is provided with zinc layer on the inside and outside surface. The metal tube has a face area at an angle of 45 or 90 or 135 degrees to the axis of tube rotation.

The advantage of the proposed solution is a permanent creation of direct electrical current without the need of kinetic energy source, while the said devices can be connected in parallel as well as in series, and the direct current can be changed by transformers into alternating current.

Description of the figures

The attached picture shows a simple outline of the electrical device in longitudinal section. Examples

Power source on the basis of magnetism with metal core and copper coil comprises a plastic tube J_, the plastic tube I is wound with electrical conductor forming the inner coil 3, which touches the inside of the magnetized metal tube 4 forming the metal core, between plastic tube 1 and metal tube 4 is an air gap 2, one end 14 of the inner coil 3 is led through an opening in the plastic 1 into its inside and constitutes the negative pole of the source and the other end 15 of the inner coil 3 is also led through an opening in the plastic tube 1 into its inside and is connected to a capacitor, metal tube 4 is coated with at least one layer of insulating tape 5, while its surface is provided with a varnish layer 7, while the insulating tape 5 with varnish layer 7 forms a paper insulating layer, the paper insulating layer is wound with electrical conductor in at least one layer constituting the outer coil 6, while the surface of the coil 6 is provided with electrical insulating varnish in each layer, one end 13 of the outer coil 6 forms the positive pole of the source and the other end 16 of the outer coil 6 is connected to a capacitor, the ends of the metal tube 4 are provided with two separated metal rings 9, U_, insulating rings 10, 12, on the last layer of the outer coil 6 is a layer of thermal and shock insulation 8. Electrical conductor is made of copper. Metal rings 9, U_ are made of copper. Insulating tape 5 is made of paper. Insulating rings 10, 12 are made of paper. Varnish layer 7 is made up of black stoving varnish. The paper insulating layer comprises at least one layer of insulating tape 5. The metal tube 4 is provided with a zinc layer on the outside and on the inside. Metal tube 4 is made of steel. The end faces of metal tube 4 are at an angles of 45 or 90 or 135 degrees to the axis of tube rotation 4.

In preferred realization, the power source on the basis of magnetism with metal core and copper coil comprises a plastic tube 1, the plastic tube 1 is wound with electrical conductor forming the inner coil 3, which touches the inside of the magnetized metal tube 4 coated with a layer of magnetic material, between plastic tube 1 and metal tube 4 forming the metal core is an air gap 2, one end 14 of the inner coil 3 is led through an opening in the plastic 1 into its inside and forms the negative pole of the source and the other end 15 of the inner coil 3 is also led through an opening in the plastic tube 1 into its inside and is connected to a capacitor, metal tube 4 is coated at least in one layer with insulating tape 5, while its surface is provided with a varnish layer 7, while the insulating tape 5 with varnish layer 7 forms a paper insulating layer, the paper insulating later is wound with electrical conductor in at least one layer constituting an external coil 6, while the surface of the coil 6 is provided with electrical insulating varnish in each layer, one end 13 of the outer coil 6 forms a positive pole of the source and the other end 16 of the outer coil 6 is connected to a capacitor, the ends of the metal tube 4 are provided with two separated metal rings 9, insulating rings 10, 12, the outside layer of the outer coil 6 has a layer of thermal and shock insulation 8.

Power source based on magnetism can be connected in parallel and in series, and it can change the direct current to alternating current through transformers