Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of United States provisional patent application Serial No. 63/004,126, filed on April 2, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

Field of the Disclosure

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to precision pumps and, more particularly, to a precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal.

Background

[0003] Various clinical and diagnostic instruments may include one or more precision fluid pumps that operate volumetrically to provide a desired dispense volume. Such volumetric pumps may be used to pump sample fluids and various reagents, including reagents that include salts, detergents, or other potentially corrosive or reactive species. For example, salts and detergents may be used to transfer or washout sample fluids without promoting organic growth, such as on interior surfaces of an instrument in fluid communication with such reagents.

[0004] However, exposure to these kinds of reagents that are commonly used in various types of analytic instruments may be problematic with regard to the seals of conventional volumetric pumps, such as conventional volumetric pumps that employ a piston or a plunger, including syringe-type volumetric pumps. Such conventional volumetric pumps typically have a dynamic seal about the pumping element (e.g., the piston or the plunger) that is a dynamic seal that experiences rubbing or wearing between the seal and another surface (e.g., as the plunger is actuated the seal moves in a longitudinal direction rubbing or wearing against a surface as it moves). Such a dynamic seal may represent a constraint on the length of the service life of the conventional volumetric pump due to degradation of the seal over time due to the rubbing/wearing of the seal. In some conventional volumetric pumps, detergents used therein typically have a low-surface tension that can be prone to leakage at the seals of a conventional volumetric pump. In another example, saline solutions may be prone to precipitate formation at the seals that can accelerate the failure of a conventional volumetric pump. Summary

[0005] A precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal provides for a permanently sealed pump that does not include a dynamic seal, and therefore, may eliminate various adverse consequences associated with the dynamic seal, including but not limited to failure or leaking of the dynamic seal. A precision volumetric pump according to aspects of the present disclosure can include a bellows capsule positioned within a pump housing and coupled to a drivetrain system. The bellows capsule is hermetically sealed to a housing of the drivetrain by a static seal and may modulate its volume in response to a linear movement of a nut (or ferrule) of the drivetrain. The pump housing may also be hermetically sealed to the drivetrain housing and may be sized and shaped such that the bellows capsule modulates within the pump housing without contacting an inner surface of the pump housing. A sum of the volume of the bellows capsule and a pump chamber defined by the space between the inner surface of the pump housing and the bellows capsule remains constant. In other words as the volume of the bellows capsule increases, the volume of the pump chamber decreases, likewise as the volume of the bellows capsule decreases, the volume of the pump chamber increases.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0007] FIGURE 1 depicts an exploded view of a precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal;

[0008] FIGURES 2A and 2B depict priming of bellows for air removal in the precision volumetric pump with the bellows hermetic seal;

[0009] FIGURE 2C depicts an enlarged portion of FIGURE 2B.

[0010] FIGURE 2D depicts a perspective view of the bellows capsule of FIGURES 2A,

2B, 2C.

[0011] FIGURE 3 depicts a pump compliance test configuration of the precision volumetric pump with the bellows hermetic seal to quantify performance with trapped air in the pump; [0012] FIGURE 4 depicts a pump compliance curve comprising pressure versus volume for the precision volumetric pump with the bellows hermetic seal;

[0013] FIGURE 5 depicts a pump compliance curve comprising pressure versus time for the precision volumetric pump with the bellows hermetic seal; and

[0014] FIGURE 6 is a flow chart of a method of operating a precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal.

[0015] FIGURE 7 depicts a perspective view of a precision volumetric pump with bellows hermetic seal according to aspects of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

[0016] In the following description, details are set forth by way of example to facilitate discussion of the disclosed subject matter. It should be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the field, however, that the disclosed embodiments are exemplary and not exhaustive of all possible embodiments.

[0017] Throughout this disclosure, a hyphenated form of a reference numeral refers to a specific instance of an element and the un-hyphenated form of the reference numeral refers to the element generically or collectively. Thus, as an example (not shown in the drawings), device “12-1” refers to an instance of a device class, which may be referred to collectively as devices “12” and any one of which may be referred to generically as a device “12”. In the figures and the description, like numerals are intended to represent like elements.

[0018] As noted previously, conventional volumetric pumps used in various types of clinical and diagnostic instruments typically comprise a dynamic seal about the pumping element (e.g. , the piston or the plunger) that may be the source of leaks and pump failures. The dynamic seal in conventional volumetric pumps can so limit reliability and result in premature failure or excessive down time for servicing, which is economically undesirable. Furthermore, the placement of conventional pumps within clinical and diagnostic instruments has been limited to easily accessible locations in order to facilitate repeated servicing, and such instruments have included additional protective measures to prevent damage to other instrument components when undesired seal leakage from the conventional pump occurred.

[0019] As disclosed herein, a precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal that is a static seal is a permanently sealed pump that does not include a dynamic seal, and therefore, may eliminate various adverse consequences associated with the dynamic seal, as noted above. The precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal disclosed herein may prevent microleakage during an operational lifetime of the pump. The precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal disclosed herein may enable elimination of a service schedule, and so, enable avoiding of down time for servicing of the pump. The precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal disclosed herein may enable an analytical instrument in which the pump is used to forego leak protection measures and leak damage prevention arrangements. The precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal disclosed herein may enable an analytical instrument using the pump to have the pump located in any desired location within the instrument, regardless of accessibility for servicing. The precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal disclosed herein may provide a low compliance in operation that is commensurate with conventional pumps having a dynamic seal. The precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal disclosed herein may provide a first operational service life that is at least as long as a second operational service life of an analytical instrument in which the pump is used. As used herein, the terms “hermetic seal” and “hermetically sealed” refer to a seal that renders the object airtight at and around atmospheric pressure. As used herein, the term “static seal” refers to a seal that is not dynamic. As used herein, the term “dynamic seal” refers to a seal that experiences rubbing or wearing against another surface (e.g., between the walls of a chamber in which the seal moves in response to actuation of a plunger or piston).

[0020] Referring now to the drawings, FIGURE 1 depicts an exploded view of a precision volumetric pump 100 with a bellows hermetic seal, as disclosed herein (also referred to simply as pump 100 herein). FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration and is not necessarily drawn to scale or perspective. It is noted that certain elements of pump 100 may be omitted or may be obscured from view in FIGURE 1.

[0021] As shown in FIGURE 1, pump 100 comprises a motor 102 enabled for controlled rotation. The pump 100 includes a drivetrain system 104, including a nut (or ferrule) 103 and a drivetrain housing 105. In various embodiments, motor 102 may be a stepper motor and may be coupled to the nut 103 of the drivetrain system 104 for translating the rotation of motor 102 into a linear motion of the nut 103. The nut 103 may be enabled for bidirectional operation in which the direction of rotation of motor 102 determines a direction of the linear motion of the nut 103, either forwards or backwards, with respect to motor 102, for example in the coaxial arrangement shown in FIGURE 1. It is noted that a shaft 101 of motor 102 may be equipped with external threads that engage with threads of a leadscrew 115 positioned within the nut 103

(see also FIGURE 2A). Nut 103 is positioned within the drivetrain housing 105 and is coupled to and drives a bellows capsule 106 within a pump housing 108. The pump housing 108 is sealed to the drivetrain housing 105 by a static seal 117. The pump housing 108 may be attached (such as by welding, adhesive, sealing, or other attachment means) to the drivetrain housing

105 with the static seal 117 positioned therebetween for providing a hermetic seal between the pump housing 108 and the drivetrain housing 105. In some aspects, some or all of the pump housing 108 may be transparent or translucent for ease of viewing the inflow and outflow of fluid within the pump housing 108 and the dispensing of the liquid by the pump 100. As shown in FIGURE 1, bellows capsule 106 is enclosed by and reciprocates (or moves) within the pump housing 108. The pump housing 108 may include at least one external port 114 that can be coupled in fluid communication to external capillary conduits (not shown). It is noted that in some embodiments, a valve unit (not shown) may be coupled to ports 114 at pump housing 108, in order to control operation of pump 100 with respect to input conduits and output conduits.

[0022] Also shown in FIGURE 1 is a control module 110 that may contain electronics enabled to drive motor 102 to control pump 100. Also visible are sensor modules 112, such as limit sensors 112-1 and a detector element 112-2 that may be coupled to drivetrain system 104 and may be enabled to monitor the motion or the pumping action of bellows capsule 106 in this manner. In some aspects, limit sensors 112-1 can include two Hall effect sensors that serve as limit switches and initialization positions for the bellows capsule 106. The limit sensors 112- 1 can be calibrated to detect a specific field intensity for detecting a magnet ring 118 (see FIGURE 2 A) at a desired position. The magnet ring 118 may be positioned on the nut 103 and therefore the position of the magnet ring 118 may correspond to the position of the nut 103 and thereby the position of the bellows capsule 106. The limit sensors 112-1 can therefore be used in conjunction with the magnet ring 118 to prevent over compression or over extension of the bellows capsule 106 and allows for repeatable initialization before operation of the pump 100. For example, in a position in which the magnet ring 118 is positioned below a first limit sensor of the limit sensors 112-1 (corresponding to a detected predetermined magnetic field intensity), the bellows capsule 106 is therefore in a fully dispensed position, further extension of the bellows capsule 106 could over extend and damage the bellows capsule 106. In a position in which the magnet ring 118 is positioned below a second limit sensor of the limit sensors 112- 1 (corresponding to a detected predetermined magnetic field intensity), the bellows capsule

106 is therefore in a fully aspirated position, further compression of the bellows capsule 106 could damage the bellows capsule 106. [0023] As shown in FIGURE 1, bellows capsule 106 may comprise a series of individual convolutes 106-1 (see also FIGURE 2B) that may be ring-shaped and may be attached to each other, such as by bead welding, or by using another suitable bonding technique. The convolutes 106-1 of the bellows capsule 106 may comprise a material having sufficient strength, elasticity, and hydrophilicity properties. In some examples, the convolutes 106-1 of the bellows capsule 106 may comprise a metal material such as aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, including combinations of metals, or another material, such as a polymer, with substantially similar properties with respect to strength, elasticity, and hydrophilicity properties. In some aspects, the bellows capsule 106 may comprise a material having a yield strength of between about 200 and about 600 MPa. In some aspects, the bellows capsule 106 may have a modulus of elasticity between about 100 and about 225 GPA. In some aspects, the convolutes 106-1 may have a surface energy of between about 700 and about 1100 mJ/m ² . In some aspects, the hydrophilicity properties of the convolutes 106-1 may be achieved via a coating or surface treatment on a surface of the convolutes 106-1. In some aspects, the convolutes 106-1 may comprise 316L stainless steel. Each convolute 106-1 may accordingly have a bead weld at an inner radial edge and an outer radial (or circumferential) edge. Because of the ring shape of individual convolutes 106-1, the bonding of the inner radial edges forms an interior passageway within bellows capsule 106 (not visible in FIGURE 1, see FIGURE 2A). When so joined in aggregate, the individual convolutes 106-1 may comprise bellows capsule 106 that forms a spring-like sealed structure that is enabled to expand and retract and thereby precisely modulate its volume. In other words, the bellows capsule 106 may expand and retract thus increasing or decreasing, respectively, the outer surface area and by relation the volume of the bellows capsule 106.

[0024] Bellows capsule 106, as shown, may be attached at one end region 107 to a transmission shaft 116 (not visible in FIGURE 1, see FIGURES 2A, 2B, 2C) where transmission shaft 116 extends radially to form an end plate 116-1. Transmission shaft 116 may pass through the interior passageway of bellows capsule 106 and is coupled to drivetrain system 104 at an opposing end region 109 of the transmission shaft 116 from end plate 116-1. An opposing end region 111 of bellows capsule 106 may be attached to drivetrain housing 105 as shown. The bonds or joints that form bellows capsule 106 and attach bellows capsule to end plate 116-1 and to drivetrain housing 105 may be solid state bonds that are hermetically sealed, such as bead welds among other types of bonds. [0025] As shown in FIGURE 1, pump housing 108 forms a relatively thick-walled pump chamber 204 that seals and encloses bellows capsule 106. Accordingly, pump housing 108 is attached to drivetrain housing 105 at one end region 113 that has a corresponding opening in pump housing 108 to receive bellows capsule 106. It is noted that pump housing 108 has a fixed seal with drivetrain housing 105 where bellows capsule 106 is also attached to drivetrain housing 105. However, pump housing 108 does not contact and does not form a seal with bellows capsule 106, which is enabled to move freely (i.e. modulate or expand and retract) within the pump chamber 204 (obscured from view in FIGURE 1, see FIGURE 2A) that is formed internally by pump housing 108 and is described in further detail below. Also visible in FIGURE 1 are ports 114, which may enable fluid communication with capillary conduits or with a valve module (not shown). Ports 114 are in fluid communication with pump chamber 204 as will be shown with respect to FIGURES 2A and 2B.

[0026] In operation of pump 100, pump chamber 204 may first be primed with a liquid that is to be volumetrically dosed, while bellows capsule 106 may be at least partially retracted to increase the volume of pump chamber 204 where the volume of pump chamber 204 corresponds to a volume between the wall of pump housing 108 and bellows capsule 106. For example, one of ports 114 may be used to draw in the liquid into pump chamber 204. After pump chamber 204 is filled with the liquid and is primed by evacuating any air remaining in pump chamber 204, motor 102 may be operated to extend bellows capsule 106 by a specific volumetric amount within the pump chamber 204 (with respect to pump housing 108) that corresponds to a volume of the liquid that is dispensed by one of ports 114 used as an output conduit for pump 100. Specifically, as transmission shaft 116 is extended, bellows capsule 106 expands within pump chamber 204 and reduces the volume of pump chamber 204, thereby expelling the desired volume of the liquid. For example, a sum of a first volume of bellows capsule 106 and a second volume of pump chamber 204 may remain constant as bellows capsule 106 expands and contracts to modulate the first volume, resulting in corresponding modulation of the second volume. Furthermore, a force provided by motor 102 may translate into a pressure exerted by bellows capsule 106 on pump chamber 204 (the second volume). It is noted that bellows capsule 106 runs freely within pump chamber 204 and does not contact any surfaces of pump chamber 204, and therefore, does not dynamically seal with pump chamber 204.

[0027] The operation of motor 102 can result in increased heat. To prevent damage or wearing out of elements of the pump 100 due to the increased heat output by motor 102 during use, the pump 100 can also provide for improved heat dissipation. For example, the drivetrain housing 105 may include fins 119 which promote efficient convective cooling during operation of the pump 100 by pulling heat away from motor 102, leadscrew 115, and bellows capsule 106. In addition, the nut 103 may also include fins 121 which too promote efficient convective cooling during operation of the pump 100 by pulling heat away from motor 102, leadscrew 115, and bellows capsule 106. Reducing the temperature on the bearing surfaces may extend the life of lubrication and the performance of the pump 100. In addition, the heat exchange provided by fins 119 and 121 may also reduce the impact of heat transfer from motor 102 to the fluid in the pump 100 through the drivetrain housing 105 and leadscrew 115. In some aspects, the use of at least some fins on the drivetrain body, for example but not limited to fins 119, can reduce the temperature at end region 107 of the bellows capsule 106 by approximately five to approximately 15 degrees Celsius. In addition, the material of the pump housing 108 may also improve heat dissipating, for example using thermally conductive material for pump housing 108 can reduce the temperature of the leadscrew 115 and motor 102 by about 9 degrees Celsius during operation of the pump. Examples of thermally conductive material that may be used for the pump housing 108 may include, without limitation aluminum, a stainless steel, or a composite or thermally conductive polymer.

[0028] While the pump 100 depicted in FIGURES 1-2C depicts a particular number and orientation of fins 119 and fins 121, in other aspects of the present disclosure different numbers and orientations of fins may be used. For example, FIGURE 7 depicts a perspective view of a pump 700 according to aspects of the present disclosure. Pump 700 includes a drivetrain housing 702 comprising fins 704 for heat dissipation. Fins 704 differ in size, shape, number, and orientation from fins 119 of pump 100 while still providing heat dissipation. Additional sizes, shapes, numbers, and orientations of fins are contemplated for pumps disclosed herein. Pump 700 also includes a motor 706 and a pump housing 708 within which a bellows capsule 710 extends. The pump housing 708 is transparent to allow for viewing of the intake and dispensing of fluid by the pump 700. The pump 700 may include all or some of the features of pump 100 and operates in the same manner as pump 100. Pump 100 and pump 700 are shown and disclosed herein as including a static seal, however, in some aspects the static seal may be replaced with a dynamic seal or a dynamic seal may be included in the pump 100 and/or pump 700 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0029] Referring now to FIGURE 2A, precision volumetric pump 100 with a bellows hermetic seal is shown in a sectional view. FIGURE 2A is a schematic illustration and is not necessarily drawn to scale or perspective. It is noted that certain elements of pump 100 may be omitted or may be obscured from the sectional view provided in FIGURE 2A. Visible in cross-section in FIGURE 2A are motor 102, drivetrain system 104 including nut 103 and leadscrew 115 and drivetrain housing 105, pump housing 108, and bellows capsule 106 among other elements in an assembled state of pump depicted in FIGURE 2A, and corresponding to exploded view 100-1 in FIGURE 1.

[0030] It is noted that bellows capsule 106 may be equipped with certain features that enhance reliability and prevent damage or undesired operation. Specifically, transmission shaft 116 and end plate 116-1 may be designed to prevent any rotation of bellows capsule 106, which is desirable for preventing uncontrolled dispensing action or dispensing errors, such as when changing direction of movement of transmission shaft 116. Furthermore, bellows capsule 106 may be mounted to transmission shaft 116 in a preloaded manner with respect to an elastic force exerted by bellows capsule 106. Thus, the transmission threads that drive transmission shaft 116 may be subject to continuous force in one direction, which may substantially reduce or eliminate backlash or other mechanical uncertainty in operation of drivetrain system 104.

[0031] Also, the weld seam used to join or bond convolutes 106-1 to each other forms a solid homogeneous barrier that prevents the fluid being pumped from leaking. This solid state hermetic seal provided by bellows capsule 106 eliminates the dynamic seal used in conventional pump designs that slides across a mating sealing surfaces. As a result, the solid state hermetic seal provided by bellows capsule 106 is not impacted by variances or microtopology of the mating sealing surfaces and is not subject to the dynamic wear of the mating sealing surfaces during operation, resulting in a more reliable design of pump 100.

[0032] In FIGURE 2A, pump 100 is depicted in a priming configuration and, accordingly, pump 100 is arranged at an angle 216 relative to a level surface in order to enable one end of pump 100 to be raised. The raised end of pump 100 shown in FIGURE 2 A includes pump chamber 204 and ports 114, shown as a first port 114-1 and a second port 114-2. As shown in sectional view 100-2, transmission shaft 116 and bellows capsule 106 are retracted, while pump chamber 204 is correspondingly enlarged. As shown, first port 114-1 has been opened to permit the liquid to fill pump chamber 204 as bellows capsule 106 retracts and expands the volume of pump chamber 204 in the interior of pump housing 108. A valve unit (not shown) having corresponding valves to open or close each of ports 114-1 and 114-2 may be used, such as by direct attachment to pump housing 108. The valve unit may include, for example, a solenoid valve.

[0033] As shown in the sectional view of FIGURE 2A, as a result of the orientation of pump 100 at angle 216, second port 114-2 is higher than first port 114-2, while the fluid within pump chamber 204 has an angled surface as the level of the fluid rises and results in an angled void 208 that contains air. Angled void 208 is in fluid communication with second port 114-2 and serves to collect air bubbles 202 that may be present in the fluid at the highest point. Thus, after fluid is drawn into pump chamber 204, and bellows capsule 106 again begins to expand, angled void 208 begins to decrease in volume as the air is dispensed through second port 114- 2, thereby removing air from pump chamber 204. After the air is removed and pump chamber 204 is filled with the fluid, pump 100 may be considered primed and ready for precise volumetric dispensing of the fluid through second port 114-2, for example, when first port 114- 1 is closed (see also FIGURE 2B).

[0034] Referring now to FIGURE 2B, precision volumetric pump 100 with a bellows hermetic seal is shown in a sectional view with the bellows capsule 106 in an expanded position as compared to the position of the bellows capsule 106 in FIGURE 2A. FIGURE 2B is a schematic illustration and is not necessarily drawn to scale or perspective. It is noted that certain elements of pump 100 may be omitted or may be obscured from view in FIGURE 2B. FIGURE 2B depicts pump housing 108 and pump chamber 204 in further detail and corresponds to a partially enlarged sectional view of FIGURE 2 A, with bellows capsule 106 in an expanded position as compared to the position of the bellows capsule 106 in FIGURE 2A.

[0035] In FIGURE 2B, first port 114-1 may be closed, while second port 114-2 may be used as an output port to dispense the fluid in pump chamber 204. As compared to FIGURE 2A, in FIGURE 2B bellows capsule 106 is extended with an increased volume, while pump chamber 204 has a decreased volume. The amount of volume of the pump chamber 204 that has decreased between FIGURE 2A and FIGURE 2B corresponds to an amount of fluid that has been dispensed. Also, in FIGURE 2B, air bubbles 202 being evacuated via second port 114-2 are visible, as described above with respect to FIGURE 2A.

[0036] Also shown in further detail in FIGURE 2B and 2D bellows capsule 106 is mounted to transmission shaft 116 and end plate 116-1, as described above, in an isolated perspective depiction for descriptive clarity. Also visible in FIGURE 2D is the central opening in bellows capsule 106 that receives transmission shaft 116. FIGURE 2C is an exploded view of a portion 220 of bellows capsule 106 depicting a plurality of convolutes 106-1 of bellows capsule 106. The area of exploded view 220 is shown in view 100-3 and corresponds to an outer edge of bellows capsule 106. Exploded view 220 depicts the action of hydrophilic surfaces of convolutes 106-1 that allow the fluid to wick up in the small voids between individual convolutes 106-1. As the fluid wicks up along the hydrophilic surfaces of convolutes 106-1, any air trapped therein may be displaced and may escape in the form of air bubbles 202 that are expelled at second port 114-2. As a result of these features, pump 100 may be primed to remove air bubbles in pump chamber 204 and provide precise volumetric operation with low compliance time, which is desirable.

[0037] Referring now to FIGURE 3, a pump compliance test configuration 300 is shown in a schematic process diagram. Test configuration 300 may be used to quantify air in pump 100 after the procedure to prime pump 100 and remove air bubbles 202, as described above, is performed, for example. As shown, test configuration 300 includes pump 100 having first port 114-1 and second port 114-2. For the purposes of test configuration 300, it may be assumed that first port 114-1 is closed, while pump 100 is filled with the fluid to be dispensed and second port 114-2 is open. Accordingly, a conduit extending from second port 114-2 may be in fluid communication with a first valve 304 that is enabled to receive an air injection 302. First valve 304 is connected to a holding loop 306 that increases volume of the conduit path, which is also in fluid communication with a pressure transducer 308. Additionally, a second valve 310 may be used as an output valve for expelling fluid to a capillary tube 312 (or another fluid sink in various embodiments).

[0038] In operation of test configuration 300, while second valve 310 is closed, a defined volume of air may be injected at air injection 302 into first valve 304 that is subsequently closed. In one compliance test, second valve 310 may be opened and a pumping pressure may be measured versus a volume of fluid dispensed as pump 100 operates (see also FIGURE 4). In this manner, various compliance curves of pressure versus volume dispensed may be recorded and used to compare with a measured compliance curve of pressure versus volume dispensed of pump 100 in an operational state. By comparing the measured compliance curve of pressure versus volume dispensed with the reference curves, for example, an amount of air that may be trapped within pump 100 may be determined. In this manner, it may be determined when pump 100 is fully evacuated of air, as is desired for optimal operation. [0039] In another compliance test using test configuration 300, both first valve 304 and second valve 310 may remain closed while pump 100 is operated. Then, a rise in pressure versus time may be recorded using pressure transducer 308, resulting in pressure compliance time curves (see also FIGURE 5). In this manner, pressure compliance time curves for different pumps may be measured and used to characterize pump performance.

[0040] Referring now to FIGURE 4, a pres sure- volume compliance plot 400 of different compliance curves of pressure versus volume dispensed are shown. In pressure-volume compliance plot 400, curves 402, 404, and 406 show a pump condition with increasing levels of air that has been injected into the pumping volume. The curves shown in plot 400 are indicative of pump 100 and may be measured using test configuration 300, shown and described above with respect to FIGURE 3. Specifically, curve 402 may show measurement data for no trapped air and may represent a minimum curve or a reference curve. Thus, when a similar curve as curve 402 is measured for a pump, it can be assumed that the pump is operating without any internal trapped air, which is desirable. Curve 404 may show a first amount of air that is greater than the case of curve 402 (no trapped air). Curve 406 may show a second amount of air that is greater than the case of curve 404 having the first amount of air. Although direct comparison of curves may be used, another metric using a reference pressure level, shown as P ref in plot 400, may be used for a simpler quantitative evaluation of the curves in plot 400. For example, a volume dispensed at the reference pressure P ref may be used as a quantitative measure to evaluate trapped air in pump 100. Accordingly, curve 402 would show the smallest dispensed volume at P ref followed by curve 404, followed by curve 406.

[0041] Referring now to FIGURE 5, a pressure compliance time plot 500 of different pressure compliance time curves are shown. In pressure compliance time plot 500, compliance time curves 502, 504, and 506 show different compliance time for different pump designs under the same conditions. The compliance time may represent a response time of a pump to attain a steady state volumetric dispensing rate (e.g., flow rate). Specifically, compliance time curve

504 describes a conventional pump having a dynamic seal, such as a piston pump corresponding to curve 504. Compliance time curves 502 and 506 describe the compliance time behavior for precision volumetric pumps disclosed herein. For example, compliance time curve 506 describes the compliance time behavior for precision volumetric pump 100 with a bellows hermetic seal, as disclosed herein. As evident in pressure compliance time plot 500, the compliance time for a precision volumetric pump 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, including but not limited to precision volumetric pump 100, is comparable to conventional pumps having a dynamic seal, which is desirable and indicates that no sacrifice in pump performance in comparison to conventional pump designs is enabled by pump 100.

[0042] The precision volumetric pump 100 with a bellows hermetic seal disclosed herein may provide unique features and benefits as compared to conventional or other types of precision volumetric pumps. A geometry, span (e.g., convolute diameter), and material composition of bellows capsule 106 may be selected to minimize compliance time as pressure is increased or decreased during operation. The compliance time may determine the time for pressure to stabilize during and after a precision dispensing operation by the pump. Although a hollow cylindrical geometry of bellows capsule 106 is shown and described herein for descriptive clarity, it is noted that other shapes or geometries of bellows capsules may be used in various implementations. With regard to material, a corrosion resistant metallic composition of bellows capsule 106 is shown and described herein. Also described herein is a hydrophilic surface of convolutes 106-1, which may be ahained with various types of surface treatments or surface coatings, particularly when corresponding aqueous liquids are dispensed, for example the surface treatment may improve chemical resistance. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the bellows capsule 106, for example an outer surface of the bellows capsule 106, may undergo a metal passivation, for example but not limited a nitric acid passivation following the manufacturing weld process that forms the bellows capsule 106. The nitric acid passivation of the bellows capsule 106 may provide an outer surface (defined for example by convolutes 106-1) that has been passivated and which may aid in preventing corrosion of the bellows capsule 106, for example during cleaning of the pump 100 when the bellows capsule 106 may be exposed to sodium hypochlorite or other corrosive chemicals. Prevention of corrosion of the bellows capsule 106 can aid in preventing failures of the pump 100 over time.

[0043] Furthermore, the material, weld bead type, and convolute spacing (e.g., convolute pitch) may be selected to promote the wehing of surfaces and minimize or eliminate trapped air during priming of pump 100, and such design features may be selected dependent on the liquid that pump 100 is designed to dispense. As noted above, any trapped air within pump

100 or in the transport system in fluid communication with pump 100 may adversely affect dispensing volume precision and compliance time behavior. Also, a stroke length of bellows capsule 106, along with mechanical properties, such as stiffness, and number of convolutes

106-1 may be selected to optimize (e.g., extend or maximize) a duration of the service life of the hermetic seal of bellows capsule 106 to prevent surface cracks as a result of material fatigue from developing. In this manner, a particular design of bellows capsule 106 may enable the service life of pump 100 to exceed instrument service life requirements with a high degree of confidence. For example, it is noted that accelerated fatigue testing of bellows capsule 106 has indicated a service life of pump 100 that can exceed 12 million cycles.

[0044] As disclosed herein, a precision volumetric pump 100 with a bellows hermetic seal provides compliance time performance comparable to a conventional pump having a dynamic seal. However, the precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal is enabled to operate over a very long service life with minimal or no maintenance without any propensity to develop leaks over the long service life.

[0045] FIGURE 6 depicts a flow chart of a method 600 of operating a precision volumetric pump with a bellows hermetic seal, for example but not limited to pump 100. The method 600 may include at step 602 controlling a motor to generate rotation movement of a drivetrain (for example, but not limited to drivetrain system 104), the drivetrain being enabled to translate the rotational movement into a linear movement. At step 604 the method may include driving a bellows capsule (for example, but not limited to bellow capsule 106) according to the linear movement. The bellows capsule being hermetically sealed with respect to the drivetrain. At step 606 the method may include modulating a first volume of the bellows capsule according to the linear movement. Step 608 of the method 600 may include modulating a second volume of a pump housing or chamber (for example, but not limited to pump housing 108), where the pump housing does not contact the bellows capsule when the first volume is modulated and wherein a sum of the first volume of the bellows capsule and the second volume of the pump housing remains constant.

[0046] The precision bellows pump disclosed herein, for example but not limited to pump 100 and pump 700, can provide for precise dispensing of small volumes of liquid. For example, the precision bellows pumps contemplated by the present disclosure can provide for the dispensing of between about 1 pi and about 5000 pi of liquid, for example but not limited to between about 500 mΐ and about 2500 mΐ of liquid. Pumps contemplated by the present disclosure, including without limitation pump 100 and pump 700 can dispense liquid with a precision of 0.01% for the full volume dispense (i.e. a dispense or stroke of the full volume of the bellows pump). “Precision” or “precision value” as used herein refers to an average repeatability from stroke to stroke of a particular volume dispense. The pumps contemplated by the present disclosure, including without limitation pump 100 and pump 700 can deliver a predetermined volume per cycle with a precision value of less than 1% for a 2% of full volume dispense. In some aspects the pumps contemplated herein, including without limitation pump 100 and pump 700, can deliver a predetermined volume per cycle with precision value as shown below in Table 1.1 for the respective volume dispenses (or strokes) (shown below as a percentage of a full volume dispense of the pump):

[0047] In some aspects, the precision pumps disclosed herein, including but not limited to pump 100 and pump 700 can have precision value for various strokes according to the equation provided below where precision is represented in terms of %CV (Coefficient of Variation) and %CV = 9E-05 x (% Stroke) ^L -0.67:

CV = - m where: s = standard deviation m = mean

[0048]

[0049] Pumps contemplated by the present disclosure, including without limitation pump 100 and pump 700 can operate with a flow rate of between about 500 mΐ/min and about 300 ml/min.

[0050] Pumps disclosed herein as contemplated by the present disclosure, including but not limited to pump 100 and pump 700 can be used in connection with various clinical and diagnostic instruments and systems, for example but not limited to fluid drip-feeding devices, in bioprocessing and pharmaceutical systems, clinical chemistry, immunoassay, hematology, molecular diagnostics, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (“CRISPR”), sample preparation, genetic sequencing, spatial biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (“PCR”) and HbAl c testing and processing, and similar applications. In some aspects, a precision volumetric pump is provided according to one or more of the following examples:

[0051] Example #1: A precision volumetric pump can include a bellows capsule enabled to expand and contract to modulate a first volume of the bellows capsule, wherein the bellows capsule is hermetically sealed relative to a drivetrain housing. The pump can also include a pump housing defining a chamber having a second volume that is hermetically sealed relative to the drivetrain housing to contain the bellows capsule when the pump housing is mounted to the bellows capsule, wherein the pump housing does not contact the bellows capsule when the bellows capsule modulates the first volume, and wherein a sum of the first volume and the second volume remains constant. In addition, the seal positioned between the pump housing and the drivetrain housing may be a static seal.

[0052] Example #2: The precision volumetric pump of Example 1, further featuring a drivetrain coupled to the bellows capsule to enable the bellows capsule to expand and contract linearly in response to rotational motion. In addition, the drivetrain may be positioned within the drivetrain housing. The pump may also include a motor to provide the rotational motion to the drivetrain.

[0053] Example #3: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples 1-2, further featuring the bellows capsule further including a plurality of convolutes joined together by material bonding at respective edges of the convolutes.

[0054] Example #4: The precision volumetric pump of Example #3, further featuring a surface portion of the plurality of convolutes comprising a hydrophilic surface.

[0055] Example #5: The precision volumetric pump of Example #3, further featuring the pump housing comprising a port to enable purging of air bubbles from the chamber of the pump housing of the precision volumetric pump when the precision volumetric pump is inclined at an angle.

[0056] Example #6: The precision volumetric pump of Example #3, further featuring the convolutes comprising a metal material and the material bonding includes a weld seam.

[0057] Example #7: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-6, further featuring the bellows capsule being enabled for a service life of at least 7 million cycles. [0058] Example #8: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-7, further featuring the bellows capsule including a surface treatment for improving chemical resistance on an outer surface of the bellows capsule.

[0059] Example #9: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-8, further featuring the outer surface of the bellows capsule comprising a passivated metal material.

[0060] Example #10: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-9, further featuring the bellows capsule being prevented from rotating during operation.

[0061] Example #11: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-10, further featuring a drivetrain, wherein the drivetrain may further comprise a threaded connection between the motor and the bellows capsule.

[0062] Example #12: The precision volumetric pump of Example #11, further featuring the threaded connection being preloaded with a linear force provided by the bellows capsule.

[0063] Example #13: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-12, further featuring the pump delivering a predetermined volume per cycle with a precision value of less than 1% for a 2% of full volume dispense.

[0064] Example #14: The precision volumetric pump of Example #1-13, further featuring the pump delivering a predetermined volume per cycle with precision value of approximately 0.2% for a dispense of 1% of full volume.

[0065] Example #15: The precision volumetric pump of Example #3, further featuring the plurality of convolutes comprising the same shape or size.

[0066] Example #16: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-15, further featuring the pump being adapted to deliver a liquid volume of 0.1% to 100% of a full 500 pi pump per cycle.

[0067] Example #17: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-16, wherein the pump is adapted to deliver a liquid volume of 0.1% to 100% of a full 2500 mΐ pump per cycle.

[0068] Example #18: The precision volumetric pump of any of Examples #1-17, further featuring the pump being operable over a pressure range of a vacuum to 100 PSI.

[0069] Example #19: A method of operating a precision volumetric pump may include controlling a motor to generate rotational movement, also including translating, by a drivetrain, the rotational movement into a linear movement, and also including driving a bellows capsule hermetically sealed with respect to a drivetrain housing according to the linear movement. The method also includes, responsive to driving the bellows capsule, modulating a first volume of the bellows capsule according to the linear movement, as well as responsive to modulating the first volume, modulating a second volume of a pump chamber of a pump housing, wherein the pump housing is hermetically sealed to the drivetrain housing. The method further comprises the bellows capsule being positioned within the pump chamber of the pump housing such that the pump housing does not contact the bellows capsule when the first volume is modulated, and wherein a sum of the first volume and the second volume remains constant.

[0070] Example #20: The method of Example #19, further features translating the rotational movement of the motor to the drivetrain via a threaded connection between the drivetrain and the motor, and enabling the bellows capsule to expand and contract linearly in response to the linear movement of the drivetrain by coupling the drivetrain to the bellows capsule and preventing rotation of the bellows capsule relative to the drivetrain.

[0071] Example #21 : The method of Example #20, further comprising the bellows capsule having a plurality of convolutes that joined together by material bonding at respective edges of the convolutes.

[0072] Example #22: The method of any of Examples #20-21, further comprising a surface portion of the convolutes comprising a hydrophilic surface.

[0073] Example #23: The method of Example #21, further featuring the plurality of convolutes comprising a metal and the material bonding includes a weld seam.

[0074] Example #24: The method of any of Example #19-23, further featuring using the bellows capsule for a service life of at least 7 million cycles.

[0075] Example #25 : The method of Example # 19-24, further featuring an outer surface of the bellows capsule comprising a passivated metal material.

[0076] Example #26: The method of Example #1-25, further featuring removing air bubbles from the pump housing via a port.

[0077] Example #27: The method of Example #20, further featuring translating the rotational movement of the motor to the drivetrain via a threaded connection between the drivetrain and the motor further comprises rotating the threaded connection under a preload by a linear force provided by the bellows capsule. [0078] Example #28: The method of any of Examples #19-27, further featuring the pump delivering a volume of 500 pi or 2,500 mΐ with each cycle.

[0079] Example #29: The method of any of Examples #19-28, further featuring the pump delivering a volume of between 250 mΐ and 5,000 mΐ per cycle.

[0080] Example #30 The method of any of Examples #19-29, further featuring the pump delivering a predetermined volume per cycle with a precision value of 0.01% for a full volume dispense.

[0081] The above disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present disclosure is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.