Print Cartridge and System for Selectively Activating and Disabling the Same

BACKGROUND

1. RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. patent application number 60/892,092, filed February 28, 2007 and entitled "Print Cartridge and System for Selectively Activation and Disabling the Same"; and also claims priority to U.S. patent application 60/823,300, filed August 23, 2006 and entitled "Ink-Jet Print Cartridge and System for Selectively Activating the same"; and is related to US patent application number 11/295,578, filed October 26, 2005, and entitled "Method and System for Selectively Controlling the Utility of a Target"; to US patent application number 11/296,081, filed December 7, 2005, and entitled "Device and Method for Controlling the Utility of a Target"; and to US patent application number 11/358,352, filed February 18, 2006, and entitled "Device and Method for Selectively Controlling the Utility of an Integrated Circuit Device"; which are all incorporated herein in their entirety.

2. FIELD

[0002] This invention relates to radio frequency accessible integrated circuits that are configured to selectively control the usability of an ink-jet cartridge.

3. DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

[0003] Ink jet cartridges are consumable products used in associated ink jet printers. Ink jet printers form a class of non-contact printers for expelling liquid ink from nozzles onto paper or other surfaces. Typically, a driver circuit drives a set of lines, with each line causing a single nozzle to expel a small droplet of ink. Ink jet cartridges may contain varying levels of processing power. Some inkjet cartridges have little or no processing capability, with the printer having the

required processing power and driving circuitry. In this low end type of ink cartridge, the cartridge has a set of contacts for receiving driver line stimulus, and passes the electrical stimulus to respective nozzles. In more advanced ink cartridges, the ink cartridges have additional processing power. For example, some ink cartridges have integrated circuits or microprocessors for collecting ink, diagnostic, or other print-head information. This information may then be passed to the printer on data lines. These ink cartridges may also perform some of the driver functions within the inkjet cartridge, thereby reducing the number of contact pins to the printer. This is particularly true with high density print heads. For these ink cartridges, data may be sent from the printer to the print cartridge using a few number of data lines, and a processor and circuitry in the ink cartridge used to drive the many individual driver lines. [0004] With the popularity of inkjet printers, the demand for ink cartridges has been greatly increasing. In today's market, an inkjet printer may be purchased for a relatively small amount of money, and in some cases may even be included free with a computer system sale. However, the individual inkjet cartridges may be relatively expensive, and as they are consumed with use, will need continual replacement. Due to the high demand and relative expense, inkjet cartridges are a popular theft target. To counter this risk of threat, retailers often place inkjet cartridges behind counters, where consumers are not able to handle them. Unfortunately, this means that every ink jet cartridge sale requires the personal assistance of a clerk. This is not only annoying to consumers, but increases the cost of sales for these cartridges. In other attempts to reduce theft, inkjet cartridges have security tags applied, are packaged in excessively large blister packs, or are placed in areas with increased security or camera monitoring. However, these attempts have been relatively ineffective, as inkjet cartridges remain a high theft item. Further, many thefts occur by employees or other entities in the distribution chain, so these consumer shoplifting security systems have no effect on theft in other areas of the distribution chain.

[0005] Therefore a need exists for an inkjet cartridge that is a less attractive target of theft.

[0006] Ink jet cartridges face other problems as well. For example, an inkjet cartridge is typically sold by the manufacturer of the cooperating ink jet printer. This inkjet cartridge is manufactured and loaded with inks according to the manufacturer's specifications, and is intended for a particular useful life, often measured in printed pages, printed characters, or time. Since the satisfactory operation of the ink jet cartridge is essential to a customer's satisfaction with the printer, it is important that the printer manufacturer be able to assure that only approved inks are used in the cartridge, and that cartridges are not used beyond their intended useful life. However, it is common for a third party to provide an ink refilling service whereby customers take depleted ink cartridges to be replenished with ink. In this way, the cartridge may be used for far more printing then it was intended for, thereby increasing likelihood of a mechanical or electrical breakdown. Further, the third party company may have different, and the likely less stringent, specifications for the refilled inks. In this way, the refilled cartridge is likely to have less consistent ink flow, be subjected to increased nozzle blockage, and generally performed in a degraded manner. Accordingly, there is a need for controlling the ability to refill ink cartridges.

SUMMARY

[0007] Briefly, the present invention provides a printer cartridge that operates only after an authorized point of sale event. The printer cartridge may be an ink jet cartridge or a toner cartridge. The ink jet cartridge has a set of inkjets and driver lines for expelling ink from the inkjets. The cartridge also has an RF antenna connected to an RF accessible integrated circuit. The RF accessible integrated circuit connects to a switch in the ink jet cartridge. The state of the switch determines the operational characteristics for the ink jet cartridge. For example, a manufacturer may set the switch to a first state which disables or limits the operation of the ink jet cartridge. In this way, the ink jet cartridge may be moved through the distribution chain with a substantially reduced threat of theft. Upon activation using an RF scanning system, the RF integrated circuit sets the switch to a second state, which enables the ink jet cartridge to have full commercial functionality. After a sensor has measure or calculated that the cartridge has met its useful life, the RF integrated circuit sets the switch to disable the cartridge.

[0008] In one example, the switch is positioned in the driver lines connected to the inkjets. In this way, when the switch is in an open state, the driver lines are not able to cause the jets to expel ink. After an authorized point of sale event, the switch is in a closed position, enabling all driver lines to function normally. In another example, the switch couples to a data, power, or reset line for a processor in the ink jet cartridge. In a first state, the switch causes the processor not to operate, or to operate only with limited functionality. After an authorized point of sale event, the switch is set to enable full processor functionality. In yet another example, the ink cartridge has integral driver circuitry, and the switch is able to selectively activate and deactivate the operation of the driver circuits. In this way, the functionality of the ink jet cartridge may be disabled when the switch is in a first state, and then full functionality enabled when the switch is set to a second state.

[0009] In another example, the printer or print cartridge monitors usage of the print cartridge, and determines when a preset usage limit has been reached. Upon reaching the usage limit, the RF integrated circuit is set to disable operation of the print cartridge. More particularly, the RF integrated circuit sets the state of a switch to deactivate or disabled print cartridge from properly printing in any associated printer. Typically, the cartridge will be permanently disabled so that it cannot be refilled or reused. However, in some cases, the switch may allow for reactivation, allowing for reuse of the cartridge after refilling at an approved ink refilling station. In this way, the printer manufacturer retains control over the quality all of inks or the number of refills that may be allowed.

[0010] Advantageously the disclosed inkjet cartridge is a very unattractive theft target, thereby simplifying the securing, packaging, and displaying of ink jet cartridges. Further, the disclosed inkjet cartridge is compatible with current inkjet printers, or may be made compatible with only minor modifications to the printer. In this way, the advantages of the theft controlled inkjet cartridge may be made available with little or no impact to printer designed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying figures where: [0012] Figure 1 is a diagram of an ink jet cartridge and a scanning device for activating that cartridge in accordance with the present invention. [0013] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a process for manufacturing a disabled inkjet cartridge and using a scanning device to activate that cartridge in accordance with the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0015] Figure 4 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0016] Figure 5 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0017] Figure 6 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0018] Figure 7 shows alternative placements of an antenna on an ink jet cartridge in accordance with the present invention.

[0019] Figure 8 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0020] Figure 9 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0021] Figure 10 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0022] Figure 11 is a flow chart of a process for disabling a print cartridge.

[0023] Figure 12 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0024] Figure 13 is a diagram of a printing system in accordance with the present invention.

[0025] Figure 14 is a flow chart of a process for activating a cartridge in a printer in accordance with the present invention.

[0026] Figure 15 is a block diagram of a system for activating a cartridge in a printer in accordance with the present invention.

[0027] All dimensions specified in this disclosure are by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting. Further, the proportions shown in these

Figures are not necessarily to scale. As will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to this disclosure, the actual dimensions of any device or part of a device disclosed in this disclosure will be determined by their intended use. It will also be understood that selected mechanical and electrical detail

information may not be illustrated to enable a more effective description of inventive structures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Referring now to figure 1, system 10 for providing an activatable ink cartridge is illustrated. System 10 advantageously allows a print cartridge to be disabled at the time of manufacture, and then moved through the distribution chain in a state where it is not operational, and then selectively activated at a point of sale. In this way, the risk of theft is substantially reduced for the print cartridge. System 10 has print cartridge 21 in a deactivated state 12 as provided by the manufacturer. Cartridge 21 has a housing that holds an ink supply as well as mechanical connectors and electronic driver lines. Ink cartridge 21 is constructed to be received in to a cooperating ink jet printer. The ink jet printer makes electrical contact with cartridge 21 through a set of contacts 23. These contracts 23 connect to switch 43. At manufacture, switch 43 is set in a state such that electrical energy from the contacts 23 is not provided onto the driver lines 45. In this way, even if the print cartridge is inserted into its cooperating printer, the jets 25 can not expel any ink responsive to printer commands. Ink cartridge is state 12 would not operate as expected, and therefore would not be a likely target for theft. As an alternative, the switch may short or ground one or more control lines to disable operation of the print cartridge.

[0029] Cartridge 21 also has an internal integrated circuit (RF IC) 32 constructed to communicate using radio frequency (RF) communication paths. This RF communication, maybe, for example near field communication (NFC) or an RFID frequency. Typically, the NFC frequency is at around 13.56 MHz, while the RFID frequency is around 900 MHz. It will be appreciated that other RF frequencies may be used dependent on application-specific requirements, and the communication standards then in place. RF IC 32 connects to antenna 34

through contacts 41. The antenna 34 is in a carrier 36 which is removably attached over jets 25. Carrier 36 also has a set of contacts 38 that mate with contacts 41 for providing coupling to the antenna. Carrier 36 may also be constructed to provide protection to the jets 25. For example, typical ink jet cartridges have a flexible plastic covering which is removed prior to use. Carrier 36 may also be a flexible plastic carrier that is positioned in front of the jets to protect them, and upon removal, exposes the jets for normal printing. [0030] Cartridge 21 may now be shipped through the distribution channel with significantly reduced threat of theft. At some time in the distribution chain, an authorized consumer receives the print cartridge and desires to normally use it in a printer. Typically, the consumer will present cartridge 21 to a point of sale scanner 46 as shown in arrangement 14. This scanner may be, for example, an RFID or NFC scanning system at a clerk checkout station, or may be an at-home activation device. In another example, the RF scanner may be incorporated as part of a wireless mobile handset or other wireless device. In yet another example, RF scanner 44 is incorporated into a kiosk or vending machine for unattended sale and activation. When cartridge 21 is positioned adjacent scanner 44, RF scanner 44 provides RF energy to RF IC 32 through antenna 34. This RF energy is sufficient to power the logic and memory within RF IC 32, as well as enable activation processes. It will be understood that RF scanner 44 may use multiple frequencies or power ranges in providing power to cartridge 21. [0031] RF scanner 44 reads an identification value and a token from RF IC 32 through the antenna 34. The ID may specifically identify the cartridge, or may identify a class of cartridge. The authorization token may be, for example, an encrypted value, or may otherwise be useful for retrieving or generating an authorization key. RF scanner 44 receives the ID and token and retrieves or generates an authorization key. The authorization key may be stored or generated locally at the RF scanner, or may be retrieved or generated by a cooperating network operations center (NOC) through communication link 46.

In one example, RF scanner 44 transmits the token to the network operations center, and the network operations center decrypts the token to obtain the authorization key. The network operations center returns the authorization key to RF scanner 44. Irrespective of how RF scanner 44 obtains the authorization key, the scanner transmits the authorization key to cartridge 21 using an RF communication, and the authorization key is passed to the RF IC 32 through antenna 34.

[0032] At the time of manufacture, a hidden code was stored in RF IC 32. The hidden code was stored in a manner such that it cannot be read or altered from an external reader or other circuitry. Upon receiving the authorization key, RF IC 32 compares the authorization key to this hidden code. Provided the hidden code and the authorization key match, RF IC 32 proceeds to enable an activation process. The activation process causes switch 43 to electrically connect input contacts 23 to jets 25, so that driver lines 45 are able to stimulate individual print nozzles. As will be described in more detail below, the switch may act on individual driver lines, may act on processor circuitry within the cartridge, or may act on driver circuitry within the cartridge. Typically, the RF IC activation process will permanently change switch 43 from its initial open state to a permanent closed state. The RF IC also may have circuitry for detecting that the switch has changed states, and may communicate a confirmation message back to scanner 44. In this way, scanner 44 may use the confirmation message for accounting, sales, or inventory purposes.

[0033] Cartridge 21 is now in a fully operational condition, as shown in state 16. That is, contacts 23 couple to jets 25 through switch 43 and driver lines 45. Also, because the change in state has been permanent, the cartridge in state 16 may be confidently used without risk that the switch will transition to a rest or open state. When the consumer is ready to use the cartridge and insert the cartridge into its cooperating printer, the consumer peels off the antenna structure 36 as shown in state 18. In one example, carrier 36 has been cohesively

attached over the jets, and removing carrier 36 exposes the jets for normal use. Also, the carrier 36 held antenna 34, so the consumer is also able to remove the antenna prior to use. A further discussion of activation structures and processes is found in copending US patent application number 11/296,081, filed December 7, 2005, and entitled "Device and Method for Controlling the Utility of a Target", which is incorporated herein in its entirely.

[0034] Referring now to figure 2, a process 100 for activating an inkjet cartridge is illustrated. Process 100 has steps 102 which are typically performed by the ink jet cartridge manufacturer. The manufacturer integrates an RF accessible IC with the ink cartridge as shown in block 111. This RF IC may communicate using an RF communication path. This communication path may be an NFC, or an RFID communication link, or some other frequency range may be used according to application and compliance requirements. It will be appreciated that other commercial, industrial, or military frequency bands may be supported with the system. The manufacturer also constructs the ink jet cartridge with a switch that disables the ability of the ink jet cartridge to fully operate. The RF IC connects to the switch so that the RF IC may selectively set the state of the switch. After making and testing the ink cartridge, the manufacturer may set the switch in the ink jet cartridge to an open state as shown in block 113. In this state the ink cartridge is not able to provide its print function, or provide its print function in a commercially unacceptable manner. It will be appreciated that the switch may take alternative forms. For example, the switch may be a mechanical switch in an electrical circuit, or may be constructed as a MEMS switch. In another example, the switch may be a logic state stored in a memory, or may be constructed as a switching transistor. In yet another example, the switch may be a fuse, a partial fuse, or an anti-fuse. Although it is preferable that the switch be permanently settable into its second closed state, it will be appreciated that reversibility may be desirable in some cases.

[0035] The RF IC has a hidden activation code as shown in block 115. This hidden activation code may be provided by a third-party supplying the RF IC, or may be loaded by the manufacturer as a step in the manufacturing process. It will also be understood that the activation code may be changeable by another authorized entity within the distribution chain. To facilitate communication with the RF IC, an antenna is connected to the RF IC and attached to the cartridge or the cartridge's packaging as shown in block 117. For example, the antenna may be incorporated with the protective covering typically protecting the print head. In this way, the antenna is accessible for RF communication, but is removable prior to use. The antenna may couple to the cartridge or the packaging directly or may be coupled through a series of interconnect lines and contacts. The antenna will be constructed according to the RF communication paths used, and therefore may be an RF, NFC, or RFID antenna structure. It will be appreciated that the antenna may be formed and positioned according to product requirements, scanner communication requirements, or aesthetic purposes. [0036] The disabled print cartridge may then be moved through the distribution chain with substantially reduced threat of theft. In this way, the manufacturer is able to control where, when, and by whom the print cartridge may be activated and used. Process 104 shows the disabled ink cartridge being presented for authorized activation. The disabled print cartridge is positioned such that an authorized scanning device is able to read an identifying message from the ink cartridge or its packaging as shown in block 122. This identifying value may be read using an RF systems such as an NFC or RFID communication, or may use a standard laser and barcode system for retrieving product information. A token is also read from the RF IC as shown in block 124. Often, the scanner reading the token will be the same scanner is reading the ID as discussed above. However, in some cases a different scanner may be used. For example, the ID may be read using a standard RF ID communication, while the token may be read from the RF IC using an NFC communication path. In

another example, the ID or product classification is read from the product using a barcode scanner, and then the token is read from the RF IC using an RF communication such as NFC or RFID.

[0037] The token is then used to retrieve or generate an authorization key. Typically, the scanner will communicate with a network operations center in generating or retrieving the key. However, it will be appreciated that the authorization key may also be locally generated or retrieved. The token may be used to retrieve the authorization key from a database, or the token itself may be decrypted to expose the authorization key. It will be appreciated that various combinations of identifying information, tokens, and other information may be used in generating and providing the authorization key. The scanner then sends the authorization key to the RF IC using RF communication. [0038] In process 106, the RFIC in the print cartridge receives the authorization key as shown in block 141. The RF IC compares the received authorization key to the hidden activation code as shown in block 143. Provided these codes match, the RF IC closes the switch as shown in block 145. By closing the switch, the RF IC has activated the full operational print functionality of the ink jet cartridge. The RF IC then generates and transmits a message to the scanner confirming that the switch has been closed as shown in block 147. This confirmation message is received at the scanner as shown in block 132. The scanner may then use this information locally to complete the sale transaction, and may also report the confirmation back to a network operations center. When the consumer is ready to use the ink jet cartridge, the consumer may remove the antenna from the cartridge as shown in block 149.

[0039] Referring now to figure 3, a printer system 200 is illustrated. Printer system 200 has an inkjet printer 202. Printer 202 is constructed to receive an inkjet cartridge 204. Often, printer 202 will be constructed to receive multiple inkjet cartridges, for example when the printer is able to print in color. In other cases, printer 202 may receive a single black ink cartridge. Printer 202 typically

has processor circuitry 206 for controlling print functions, including stimulating and controlling driver circuitry 208. This driver circuitry 208 connects to print cartridge 204 through a set of contacts (not shown). The driver 208 thereby couples to switch 217. Switch 217 has an open state and a closed state that is settable by RF IC 215. When the print cartridge is disabled, switch 217 is set such that electrical stimulation from driver 208 is not able to be received at the print jets 213. However, after the print cartridge has been activated by RF IC 215. The switch closes the connection between the driver 208 and the jets 213 so that be driver lines 211 properly activate printing jets 213. Accordingly, when switch 217 is in its closed second state, print cartridge 204 is fully operational. [0040] Switch 217 may take alternative forms. For example, as shown in arrangement 220, switch 217a maybe formed as a set of mechanical switches, with each separate mechanical switch selectively opening or closing a single drive line. These switches may take the form of standard mechanical switches, or may be implemented using a MEM's construction. It will be appreciated that other mechanical structures may be used. In another arrangement 222, switch 217b is formed as individual mechanical switches, but these mechanical switches are positioned on less than all of the driver lines. In this way, some functionality exists for the print cartridge, but the cartridge will print in a commercially unacceptable manner. In this construction the number of switches to be set is reduced, thereby simplifying the activation process and requiring less power to complete activation. In another example 224, switch 217c has a set of grounding lines connected to switch 219 using a multi-conductor line. In its open state, switch 217c couples each driver line to ground through switch 219. Upon activation, the RF IC causes switch 219 to open, thereby disconnecting the ground connection. Accordingly, the driver lines would operate normally, and electrical connection would be made to the print jets.

[0041] Referring now to figure 4, another printer system 250 is illustrated. Printer system 252 has printer 256 constructed to receive print cartridge 258.

When the cartridge 258 is disabled, the RF IC 263 has a first switch 263 in its open state as shown in arrangement 251. The switch 267 is also in its open state. During an authorized point-of-sale activity, RF IC 261 causes switch 263 to close. However, the point-of-sale activity does not close switch 267. Accordingly, when the consumer leaves the point-of-sale location, the switch 263 has been closed, but the print cartridge still would not have full functionality as switch 267 is in its open state. Upon placing the cartridge 258 into printer 256 and powering the printer 256, a power line 265 connects through switch 263 to switch 267. On the first application of power, switch 267 is placed into its second state, which may be permanent. Accordingly, the cartridge will function normally. A two-stage activation process may be useful if insufficient power is reliably available to set switch 267 at a point of sale scanner device. As an alternative, arrangement 254 shows a similar cartridge having a two-stage activation process. Here, switch 283 and switch 297 are in open states when the print cartridge is disabled, and the switch 283 is set to its closed or activated state by RF IC 281 during an authorized point-of-sale activity. When the print cartridge is placed into a cooperating printer, the switch 297 couples to ground 285, which acts to close the switch, thereby enabling the driver lines to normally activate the print jets. [0042] Referring now to figure 5, another printer system 300 is illustrated. In a first example 302, a print cartridge 308 may be received into printer 306. Printer 306 has a processor 310 that operates driver circuitry as previously discussed, but also has a data connection to a processor 312 inside cartridge 308. The processor 312 connects to circuitry within the print cartridge through switch 316. This data line 318 may be used to configure or interrogate print cartridge characteristics. For example, information may be retrieved regarding ink flow rates, quantity of ink remaining, print-head diagnostics, or other information. In some cases, when this data communication is not available, the print head may still function, but will operate only with reduced functionality. Accordingly, when the print cartridge 308 is in its deactivated state as shown at 301, the switch

316 is in its open state. A deactivated cartridge would have restricted or reduced functionality if it is used in a printer. Upon activation, the RF IC 314 causes the switch 316 to close, thereby connecting the data line 318 to processor 312. Accordingly, the print cartridge would then function normally. In an alternative 304, the switch 325 is placed in the data line between the printer's processor 321 and cartridge's processor 323. It will be appreciated that the switch controlling the data line may be alternatively positioned.

[0043] Referring now to figure 6, another printer system 350 is illustrated. System 350 has a print cartridge 356 constructed to be received into a cooperating printer. Example 352 shows cartridge 356 having an integral processor 361 that communicates with circuitry within the cartridge, including the print jets 369. RF IC 363 controls the setting of switch 365. In its disabled state, switch 365 couples a reset pin on processor 361 to ground. Accordingly, the processor, even when power is applied, is in a continual reset state. In this way, the processor 361 is disabled from operation, and only limited or restricted cartridge functionality is available. However, upon an authorized activation, RF IC 363 opens switch 365 so the reset pin floats. With a floating reset pin, processor 361 operates normally. It will be appreciated that some processors have reset functions that act responsive to different voltage levels, and that the circuitry within cartridge 356 may be adjusted to accommodate the required reset command. For example, some processors may reset with a floating reset line, and then have full functionality when the reset pin is grounded. In this arrangement, the disabled cartridge would allow the reset pin to float, and the activated cartridge would have the reset pin coupled to ground.

[0044] In another example 354, the printer has a processor 373 that communicates with a data line to processor 375. Processor 375 is in cartridge 371, and has associated driver circuitry 377. As described above, RF IC 379 sets the state of switch 381, which determines whether or not processor 375 is able to operate normally. In its deactivated state, the processor would be deactivated so

that the driver circuitry 377 is not able to stimulate jets 383. However, when the switch 381 is set to its activated state, the processor 375 will normally communicate with cartridge circuitry and operate driver circuitry. In this way, when properly activated, the cartridge operates according to its full commercial capabilities.

[0045] Referring now to figure 7, antenna structures 400 are illustrated. In example 402, a print cartridge 411 has a carrier 413 removably attached to the print-head jets. The carrier 413 has an integral antenna 415, which connects to the RF IC through a set of contacts. After activation, a consumer may remove carrier 413 by peeling the carrier 413 away from the jets. The carrier advantageously operates to both protect the jets during handling, and to provide an effective external antenna for the RF IC. The carrier 413 may be in the form of a flexible tape or covering, or may be formed as a more ridged or molded protective cap. It will be understood that the carrier 413 may take other alternative forms. In another example 404, cartridge 421 is positioned in or on packaging 423. Cartridge 421 and packaging 423 have connection lines and connectors 427 arranged to allow for an external antenna 425. External antenna 425 may be integrally formed with packaging 423, or may be permanently or removably attached to packaging 423. In some cases, it may be desirable to allow for a removable antenna to eliminate any privacy concerns raised by consumers. In other cases, it may be more convenient or economical to integrally form antenna 425 with packaging 423. In another antenna placement example 406, carrier 433 has an integrally formed antenna 435 and is connected to the electrical contact area of cartridge 431. Carrier 433 acts to both protect the electrical contacts on cartridge 431, and to provide an antenna communication path to RF IC. Prior to use, a consumer would peel off or otherwise remove carrier 433. [0046] Referring now to figure 8, a printer system 500 is illustrated. Printer system 500 is similar to printer system 200 described with reference to figure 3. Accordingly, printer system 500 is described with less detail. Printer system 500

has a print cartridge that is activatable at a point of sale as previously described. More particularly, the printer cartridge has an RF IC 515 that activates a switch 517 responsive to an authorization key. The cartridge also has a sensor 508 for sensing cartridge usage. For example, sensor 508 may detect an ink level, ink flow, number of pages printed, or numbers of characters printed. It will be appreciated that sensor 508 may take other forms, and may include either measured or calculated values. Sensor 508 communicates with the printer processor 506. Upon determining that the cartridge has been depleted of ink, or some other useful-life indicator has been met, the processor communicates, using line 507, a depletion or disable message to the RF IC 515. This depletion message may be, for example, a logic state or status indicator. Responsive to the depletion message, the RF IC sets the state of switch 517 to disable the print jets. In this way, the print cartridge is disabled and cannot be reused, even if refilled with ink. As more fully described with reference to figure 3, the switch 517 may be alternatively configured as showing in diagrams 517a, 517b, and 517c. It will be appreciated that other switch configurations may be used.

[0047] Referring now to figure 9, another printing system a 550 is illustrated. Printing systems 552 and 554 are similar to printing system 250 described with reference to figure 4. Accordingly, printing system 550 will be described in less detail. In printing system 550, switches 567 and 597 are capable of being activated during an activation process, and also capable of being deactivated or disabled during a later the activation process. More particularly, when sensor 561 and the printer processor have determined that the cartridge's useful life has been reached, the processor sends a disable message 566 to the RF IC. The RF IC sets the state of switch 563 or 583 to cause the switches 567 and 597 to disable the print jets.

[0048] Referring to figure 10, another printer system 570 is illustrated. Printer system 570 is similar to previously described printing systems, so will be described in less detail. Printing system 570 has a print cartridge having a sensor

571. This sensor may directly measure ink levels and flows, or may calculate other useful life indicators. For example, the sensor may monitor how many times one or more print nozzles fire, or estimate a number of pages printed. The information collected or calculated by sensor 571 may be stored in the RF IC. In this way, even if the print cartridge is moved from printer to printer, usage information may be retained. Advantageously, the cartridge itself maintains a record of usage, and is able to direct the RF IC to disable the print cartridge when the cartridge's useful life has been met.

[0049] Referring now to figure 11, a flowchart of a process 575 for disabling a printer cartridge is illustrated. A print cartridge is activated at a point of sale as illustrated in block 576. The cartridge activation process has been described with reference to previous figures, so will not be described here. The print cartridge cooperates with the printer to monitor usage or other useful life indicators as shown in block 577. For example, the sensor or monitor may sense an ink level, an aggregate ink usage, or may calculate an ink usage or level. The sensor may also determine how many times the cartridge has been refilled. The monitor may be integral to the cartridge, integral to the printer, or may have components in both the cartridge and printer. In some cases, the monitor system may store usage data particular to that cartridge as shown in block 578. This data may be stored and the RF IC chip within the cartridge, or may be maintained by the printer's processor. Responsive to the monitoring information, it may be determined that the ink cartridge has been depleted, or is otherwise met its useful life as shown in block 579. This determination may be made by a processor within the print cartridge, or by a processor within the printer. [0050] Responsive to determining that the ink cartridge has been depleted, the RF IC receives a command or message to deactivate, restrict, or disable the print cartridge as shown in block 580. This message may come from a sensor within the cartridge, from a processor within the cartridge, or from the processor within the printer. The RF IC then sets a switch that disables or otherwise

restricts use of the print cartridge as shown in block 581. Often the switch will be permanently disabled so that the printer cartridge may never be reused, however, in some cases the switch may be constructed to be re-activatable. Once the switch has been set to a disabled state, the print cartridge does not operate as shown in block 582. In this way, when a print cartridge has met its useful life condition, the print cartridge is disabled from future use.

[0051] Referring now to figure 12, printing system 600 is illustrated. Printing systems 602 and 604 are similar to printing systems 300 described with reference to figure 5. Accordingly, printing system 600 will be described in less detail. In printing systems 602 and 604, the processor 612 within the print cartridge communicates directly to the RF IC. Processor 612 may measure or calculate cartridge usage and send a disable message to the RF IC 614 when the useful life of the cartridge has been met. In this way, the RF IC 614 may set the state of switch 616 to disable one or more control, power, or driver lines to the print jets. [0052] Referring now to figure 13, printing system 650 is illustrated. Printer system 652 and 654 are similar to printing system 350 described with reference to figure 6. Accordingly, printer system 650 will be described with less detail. In printing system 650, the processor within the cartridge directly communicates to the cartridges RF IC. In this way, the processor may monitor for cartridge usage, and send a disable message to the RF IC when the cartridge's useful life has been met. Further, the processor may use the RF IC as a storage area for holding usage information. Upon a determination that the cartridge's useful life has been met, the processor instructs the RF IC to set the state of the switch to disable the cartridge's processor. In this way, the processor is not able to fully operate the print jets, and the cartridges operates, if at all, in an undesirable and restricted manner.

[0053] Referring now to figure 14, a process 700 for activating a printer cartridge is illustrated. Activation process 700 is similar to activation process 104 described with reference to figure 2, so will be described in less detail. In process

700, a user has received a printer cartridge in a disabled state. For example, the user may have received a disabled cartridges from a mail-order service, or may have purchased the cartridges at a retail store. Even though the user has legitimately purchased the disabled cartridges, the cartridges will not function in an associated printer. This allows the manufacturer to sell disabled cartridges at a reduced price, and thereby encourage users to maintain a stock of new cartridges. In making the purchase from the mail order site or the retail store, a first activation switch may have been set in the cartridge, but a subsequent activation step is still required after insertion into the printer. [0054] When a user desires to use the cartridge, the user inserts the disabled cartridge into the printer as shown in block 701. The printer reads an ID and token from the RF IC as shown in blocks 702 and 703. The printer may read the information from the cartridge using an RF communication link, an NFC communication link, or a physical line connection. The printer or a connected computer may request that the user complete a financial transaction to pay for activating the cartridge. The user may supply a credit card, account number, or other information sufficient to conclude a payment transaction. The ID and token is sent to a central authorization server, which confirms that the cartridge has been properly paid for, and generates or retrieves an authorization key as shown in block 704. The authorization key is sent back to the printer, which sends the authorization key to the RF IC as shown in block 705. The RF IC receives the authorization key, compares the key to a hidden activation code, and activates the printer cartridge if the codes match as shown in activation process 706. A confirmation message may be sent back to the authorization server to confirm that the cartridge has been activated as shown in block 707. [0055] Advantageously, process 700 enables a consumer to purchase disabled printer cartridges at a reduced price, thereby encouraging the consumer to purchase and stock new printer cartridges. Then, upon the need to activate a cartridge, the cartridge may be conveniently activated after it has been inserted

into the printer. In this way, the cartridge manufacturer may receive a first payment upon sale of the disabled cartridge, and may receive a second payment when the cartridge is activated.

[0056] Referring now to figure 15, a simplified block diagram 725 is illustrated for implementing process 700. System 725 has a printer 726 for receiving a disabled print cartridge 727. Printer 726 and its associated print cartridge 727 may be, for example, an inkjet printing system or a toner printing system. Printer 726 has an associated reader 728 for receiving information from cartridge 727. Reader 728 may be, for example, an RF reader, an NFC reader, or may be a physical communication line. Printer 726 may also coupled to a computer 730, either locally or through a network connection. Computer 730 uses a network connection, such as Internet connection 735, to access an authorization center 740. The authorization center may be local or remote, depending on application requirements. Printer 726 also has a communication module for sending cartridge information to the authorization server 740, and for receiving an authorization key in response. Printer 726 may also include a user interface for receiving user or company information, or the user may input such information using computers 730. As more fully described with reference to process 700, a disabled cartridge 727 is placed into printer 726 so that cartridge information may be read using reader 728. This cartridge information may include an identification number, an encrypted token, or other numerical or textual information. The communication module cooperates with computer 730 to send at least some of the cartridge information to the authorization server 740, which, responsive to the information, generates or retrieves an authorization key. The authorization key is returned to the reader 728, which sends the authorization key to the RF IC in cartridge 727. Upon receiving the authorization key, the RF IC causes cartridge 727 to activate.

[0057] While particular preferred and alternative embodiments of the present intention have been disclosed, it will be appreciated that many various

modifications and extensions of the above described technology may be implemented using the teaching of this invention. All such modifications and extensions are intended to be included within the true spirit and scope of the appended claims.