This invention relates to a procedure for the preparation of crimped high-wet-modulus (HWM) staple fibres through the addition of alkylated compounds of cyclohexanone or cyclopentanone and/or polyalkylated and amino-group-bearing derivatives of cyclohexane or cyclopentane. The alkyl groups incorporated are pre erably methyl or short-chain alkyl groups. These additives can', if desired, be combined with known modifiers for the improvement of strength properties and/or with small- amounts of known additives which impart some degree of crimp when otherwise used in high concentrations. Known spinning techniques for the improvement of crimp can be applied without difficulty to fibres prepared according to this procedure.

HWM-fibres are viscose fibres which can replace cotton in a range of applications where it has not been possible to use the earlier rayon staple fibres. They are characterized by high dry and wet tenacity (greater than 3 _* 0 and 2.2 cN/dtex respectively), low elongation (less than 17 and 20% respectively) and high wet modulus (greater than 80 σN/tex/100%). These properties give the finished fabric the necessary dimensional stability and open theway to a complete or partial replace¬ ment of cotton in cotton fabrics or mixed fabrics with polyester fibres, fabrics which can be boiled when washed.

HWM-fibres lack certain properties when compared with cotton. In comparison with 100% cotton, mixed yams and fabrics of cotton-HWM or of polyester-HWM feel lean, i.e. they feel somewhat smooth and harsh and have a somewhat thin appearance (a poorerbulk or covering power). Textiles made solely of HWM-fibres do not feel the same as materials of 100% cotton. They do not have a true cotton feel. This is considered to be a serious disadvantage, even though it may be un- ^' important for the wear of the garment. It is known that this de¬ ficiency can be met by imparting crimp to the HWM-fibres, as a result of which the covering power of the fabric is increased and the garment feels more bulky, softer and more comfortable to wear, One way of im¬ parting built-in crimp to an artificial fibre is to achieve an

imbalance in the fibre cross-section, e.g. by spinning a two-compo— ^• nent fibre. __ι easier method as far as rayon fibres are concerned is to make- the thickness of the skin uneven around he core and to take advantage of the differenqe in contraction tendency of the skin and core layers. High crimp, i.e. more than 4 (preferably more than 6) waves/cm, can be achieved in HWM-fibres through a) _. an accurate adjustment of viscose properties, particularly the degree, of ripening and the spinning conditions, b) the formation and stretching of hydroxymethyl cellulose xanthate and possibly relaxation in weakly alkaline solution, c) the addition of sodium zincate (1-6% Zn on the basis of the weight of cellulose) to the viscose from which the fibres are subsequent¬ ly spun, d) the addition of polyacrylamide or similar derivatives (1—15% on. the basis of weight of cellulose).

This invention is based on the observation that the addition of cyclic aliphatic compounds, particularly derivatives of cyclohexanone, e.g. 3,3 _. 5—trimethylcyclohexanone (TMC-one), or of cyclopentane or cyclohex ne, e.g. 1-amino-2-ajiιinomethyl- ,3 ₁ 5~trimethylcyclopentane( MC-P ), 3 ₁ -5-trime hylcyclohexyla ine (TMC-amine),* 1-hydroxy-3-aminomethyl- 3 _» 5 _> 5-trimethylcyclohexane (IPAA) and similar compounds, give both a modifier effect and crimp.

The use of unsubstituted cyclohexanone or cyclohexylamine derivatives as modifiers in super tyrecord spinning is known,, but these agents give no crimp in this case, .In contrast, it has been established thit in the HWM-process cyclohexanone itself imparts a definite albeit small degree of crimp to HWM-fibres. The crimp effect increases with the addition of methyl groups to alkylated cyclohexanone. Thus, HWM-fibres with high tenacity and manifest crimp have been obtained (vide Example 1) by the addition of 0.8% TMC-amine or TMC-one (calculated with reference to the weight of cellulose) instead of the modifiers of the polyethylene glycol or amine type (polyoxyethylene glycol derivatives, alkylaminpolyoxyethylene glycol or simple amines such as dimethylamine) usually in the preparation of high-wet-modulus

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fibres spun according to the modifier process.

A further increase in the crimp of HWM-fibres can be achieved through the addition of small amounts of known substances such as bivalent metal ions or suitable synthetic water-soluble polymers such as poly¬ acrylamide or through a suitabel spinning technique, e.g. the relaxa¬ tion of the fibre in an alkaline bath (vide Example 4). In this way, the quantity of additives can in general be kept smaller than would otherwise be necessary to achieve crimp, which provides not only technical and economic advantages but also environmental ones. Known, modifiers, stretch aids such as hexanol, formaldehyde etc and surface active spinning aids (e.g. laurylpyridiniu chloride or cetylmethyl-** ammonium chloride) can be added without disadvantage.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1 From an alkali cellulose to which 0.25% (on the basi® of weight of cellulose) of a polyoxyethylene glycol derivative of an aromatic compound has been added, a xanthate is prepared with a charge of 37 _* 5% carbon disulphide. The xanthate is dissolved at- low temperature to give a viscose containing 7% cellulose and 7% sodium hydroxide. In accordance with the invention, 0.*8% TMC-one or TMC-amine (calculated with respect to the weight of cellulose) is added to the viscose.

The viscose is spun at aV-number >50 in a spinning bath containing ^'

75g/l Ξ ₂ S0 ₄ , 100g/l Na ₂ S0 and 55g/l ZnSO. and a spinning aid.

The temperature of the bath is maintained at about 32°C and the draw rate is 12.8 m/min. The thread is then stretched 110% at 96°C in a stretching bath containing ^* 12g/l H SO., 4g/l Na^SO and 0.5g/l

ZnSO.. 4

The resulting fibres are cut and relaxed in water at a temperature - ^85°C containing 12g/l HgSO^ Des lphurization takes place in a bath containing 2g/l Na ₂ S, 3g/l Na ₂ S0 and 6g/l NaOH. The properties of the resulting fibres are presented in the following table:

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Modifier titre tenacity elongation wet modulus crimp crimp re dtex cN/dtex % cN/tex/100% number deg cond wet cond wet waves/cm %

TMC-amine 1 .7 ^* 6 3.6 2.5 15.O 15.6 101 4.6 6

TMC-one 1 .61 3.9 2.5 13.8 13.9 123 4.5 5

Example 2 An alkali cellulose as in example 1 is xanthogenated with 36% CS and dissolved to viscose containing 7.2% cellulose and 7.0 NaOH. As a modifier, 0.05% polyethylene glycol (PEG 1550) is added, and in accordance with the invention 0.8% IPAA and 0.2% TMC-PD (cyclopentane).

Spinning, stretching and subsequent treatment is carried out as in example 1 with a draw rate of 15m/min and a hot-stretch^120%. The following results are obtained:

titre tenacity elongation wet modulus crimp number crimp dtex cN/dtex % cN/tex/100% waves/cm degree % oond wet cond wet

1.98 3.5 2.7 19 20 82

Example 3 To a.viscose containing 7.2% cellulose, 7.0% NaOH and 36% CS_, 0.5% polyethylene glycol and 1% TMC-one (calculated with, refe¬ rence to the cellulose) are added. In addition, 0,1% triethanolamine or EDTA and 0.3% polyacrylamide are added. As a stretch aid, 2g hexanol/kg viscose is added.

Spinning is carried out in a spinning bath containing 63g/l H _? S0., 176g/lNa ₂ S0., 37g/l ZnSO, and a spinning aid, e.g. 1 g/l lauryl- pyridinium chloride. The draw rate is 15 m/min and the hot-stretch ^120 . Fibres with a high degree of crimp are obtained (crimp num- ?6.1 waves/cm. crimp degree ^8%) , ^er

Example 4 To a viscose containing 7.2% cellulose, 7.0% NaOH, 36% CS , 0.5% polyethylene glycol and 0.4% dimethylamine, 1% TMC-one and <0.1% Zn ions are added. Spinning is carried out as in example 3»

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but guide bars are arranged in the spinning bath in order to delay "jet-stretch" in the filaments. After stretching, the thread is relaxed in an alkaline bath of e.g. the following constitution: 40g/l MgSO *7H ₂ 0, 20g/l (NH,,) ₉ S0„ and 10g/l NH^OH (25%), and at

^' 4'2 ^" 4 4 a temperature of 0 C.

A very high degree is achieved (crimp number^ 9 waves/cm, crimp, degree ^15%) .

Example 5 To a viscose containing 7.2% cellulose, 7.0%NaOH, 36% CS ₂ and 0.6% polyoxyethylene glycol, are added.1.0% TMC-one, 0.5% cyclo¬ hexanone, 0.5% me.thylcyclohexylamine, or IPAA, or TMC-PD (all cal¬ culated, on the basis of the weight of cellulose in the viscose) and

2+ 0.5% 2n . The spin- ^ lies between 38 and 40. Spinning is carried. out as in example 3 or 4. The fibres have a tenacity of ^" _* 3 _» 3 cond. and ^2.4 cN/dtex wet respectively, an elongation of 13 and 5% res¬ pectively and a wet modulus of 98 cN/tex/100%. The crimp number is 8 waves/cm and the crimp degree is 13%.

Example 6 A viscose, with a basic composition of 7 _* 2/7.O/36 correspond¬ ing to the one in example 3 contains the following modifiers, cal¬ culated with reference to the cellulose in the viscose:

1% TMC-one

■0.2% N-cyclohexyl-1 , 3-propylamine

0.4% 3-isonyloxypropylamine

0 .2% glyco 1 540(p°lyoxyethylene glycol)

0.1% EDTA

The viscose is spun to a J* -number 40 in a spinning bat containing 63g/l H ₂ S0 ₄ , 180g/l a ₂ S0 ₄ , 37g/l ZnSO^ 1 /l glyoxal, 0.5g/l LPC. The thread is stretched 120% resulting in the following textile properties:

tenacity elongation wet modulus crimp number crimp degree p/dtex % cN/tex/100% waves/cm • % cond wet cond wet

3-5 2.4 14 16 95 8 10.5

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Example 7 A viscose with a basic composition of 7.2/7.O 36 correspond ing to the one in example 3 contains the following modifiers, cal¬ culated with reference to the cellulose in the viscose:

1% TMC-one or TCMP-one-

0.2% cyclohexanone

0.3% Polyoxyethylene or polypropylene glycol (e.g. Berol

Visco 39 0.5% 3-isononyloxyprop.ylamine

0.1% cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as a spinning aid

The viscose is spun to a f -number >40 in a spinning bath containi 65g/l H _? S0., 180g/l Na ₂ S0., 37g/l ZnSO. and balancing concentra¬ tions of the modifier of the viscose. The thread is stretched 120% resulting in the following textile properties:

tenacity elongation wet modulus crimp number crimp degree p/dtex % cN/tex/100% waves/cm % cond wet cond wet

3.3 2.3 15 17 84 7 11

Example 8 To the alkali cellulose is added during the grating 0.3% of an aromatic amino polygLycol ether (e.g. Berol Visco 34). After preripening the alkali cellulose is xanthogenated with 36.5% CS _? and the* xanthate is dissolved to a viscose containing 7 _* % cellu¬ lose and 7«0% NaOH. To the viscose are added 0.2% hexanol as a stretch aid, 0.25% of a polyoxyethylene derivate (e.g. Berol Yisco 399) and 0.40% methylcyclohexamine or dicyclohexylamine. 1% cyclohexanone iB used as a crimp modifier.

The viscose is spun to a -number 37 in a spinning bath contain¬ ing 63g/i.H ₂ S0 ₄ , 178g/l Na ₂ S0 ₄ , 37g/l ZnSO^ 1g/l IPC and 0.3g/l polyoxyethylene glycol (e.g. Berol Yisco 311) at 36°C. The stretch is 120% at 6 C. The following textile properties are obtained:

tenacity elongation wet modulus crimp number crimp degree p/dtex % p/tex/100% waves/cm % cond wet cond wet

3.2 2.0 16 19 70 6.2 10