Cross-Reference to Related Applications

[001] The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/166,996 filed March 27, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Technical Field

[002] The present invention relates to pulsatile methods for treating cancer.

Background Art

[003] With cancer among the biggest killers in the developed world and new estimates revealing that up to one in two of us will develop cancer in our lives, many people are looking for interventions that may reduce their odds of developing these conditions at some stage in their lives. Millions of people are currently living with an increased risk of developing cancer - either through lifestyle, hereditary, environmental, or other risk factors. For example, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and genetics as well as other risk factors such as diet and long-term changes to the bowel can increase a person’s risk of developing the disease. Around 30% of patients with colorectal cancer have a family history of the condition. In some very rare genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis, the lifetime risk of developing colon cancer can be as high as 100%, unless colectomy is carried out. These individuals may also be at risk of other cancers, including stomach cancer. Similarly, women and men living with certain mutations in BRCA1/2 genes must face an increased lifetime risk of developing some types of cancer. For some women, this risk can be as high as 90% for breast or ovarian cancer. These and other cancer- causing mutations can devastate families, yet screening and preventative surgery are often still the only real options available to those at risk.

[004] The majority of existing cancer treatments are selected to inhibit or reduce a cancer cell’s ability to survive and/or their ability to divide to form more cancer cells. While currently there are many cancer treatments that are prescribed to help an individual suffering from a cancer that have one or both of these abilities, it is worth noting that these same cancer treatments have several shortcomings. Among these are that an individual administered the treatment can suffer from a serious side effect. In addition, many treatments are cancer specific and only work on one type of cancer. Finally, their use is generally very costly and beyond the reach of a large number of individuals suffering from a cancer. What is needed is a treatment that has the ability to inhibit or reduce a cancer cells ability to survive and/or divide while at the same time the treatment: (1) is tolerated by an individual; (2) works against many different cancers; and, (3) is affordable so that all individuals suffering from a cancer can be administered the treatment. SUMMARY

[005] The present specification disclose methods and uses of treating cancer in an individual thereof using a pulsatile administration protocol. Aspects of the disclosed methods and uses of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. A first treatment protocol comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein while a second treatment protocol can comprise a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, or a combination of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and nutritional supplements disclosed herein. The disclosed treatment cycle can further comprise administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. A third treatment protocol comprises a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein.

[006] Other aspects of the disclosed methods and uses of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. A first treatment protocol comprises a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein while a second treatment protocol can comprise a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, or a combination of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and nutritional supplements disclosed herein. The disclosed treatment cycle can further comprise administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. A third treatment protocol comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, or a combination of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and nutritional supplements disclosed herein.

[007] Other aspects of the disclosed methods and uses of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. A first treatment protocol comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein while a second treatment protocol can comprise a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, or a combination of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and nutritional supplements disclosed herein. The disclosed treatment cycle can further comprise administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. A third treatment protocol comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, or a combination of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and nutritional supplements disclosed herein.

[008] Other aspects of the disclosed methods and uses of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. A first treatment protocol comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein while a second treatment protocol can comprise a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, or a combination of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and nutritional supplements disclosed herein, and the third treatment protocol comprises a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein.

[009] Other aspects of the disclosed methods and uses of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. A first treatment protocol comprises a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein while a second treatment protocol can comprise a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, or a combination of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and nutritional supplements disclosed herein, and the third treatment protocol comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein.

[010] The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered. Similarly, the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION [011] The treatment approach to cancer disclosed herein is based on the general observation that cancer cells present in higher eukaryotic organisms represent a reversion metabolically back into a single cell or prokaryotic state. In this single cell state cancer cells: 1) become highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway for energy production; and 2) become highly dependent on active receptor-mediated endocytosis to obtain lipids essential for cell viability and growth. The overall effect of this metabolic change limits the sources of cellular energy and material resources as well as the need immune and microbiome changes critical to maintain cancer cell viability. This metabolic vulnerable offers a therapeutic approach because if such critical sources are reduced or eliminated, cancer cells cannot maintain their viability, leading to cancer cell death.

[012] Mitochondria emits a wide array of danger signals that alert the cell of perturbations in cellular homeostasis. These signals include mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and specific nucleus-encoded proteins, all of which activate adaptive programs aimed at recovering mitochondrial functions and cellular homeostasis. However, when homeostasis cannot be re-established, this organelle initiates and coordinates death signals through Bcl-2 family members thereby activating caspase-dependent and release of cytochrome c and caspase-independent cell death effector mechanisms, triggering apoptosis of the entire cell.

[013] In addition, mitochondria monitor the hydrostatic pressure of the cells of a multicellular organism. When a cell receives sufficient contact from neighboring cells the hydrostatic pressure crosses a threshold amount that is sensed by the mitochondria which then sends signals which triggers the inhibition of cell division. However, unchecked, this elevated hydrostatic pressure (30 mmHg) induced substantial changes in mitochondrial fission, abnormal cristae depletion, altered OPA1 expression, and induced release of both OPA1 and cytochrome C, which triggers apoptosis.

[014] Cancer cells, however, shut down mitochondria function which prevents the initiation of apoptosis resulting in cell immortality. In addition, this mitochondrial shutdown enables cancer cells to bypass the hydrostatic pressure signals that prevent cell division, thereby allowing cancer cells to undergo cell division in an unregulated manner mitochondrial shutdown is not unique to cancer cells. In fact this same shutdown phenomenon is observed when a pathologic microbe invades a cell of a multicellular organism, these microbes essentially transform the infected cell to behave like a single cell organism, shutting down mitochondrial function and inhibiting the apoptotic processes. As a result, the infected cell now must rely heavily on glycolysis to make its energy and active receptor-mediated endocytosis to obtain lipids to promote microbial reproduction. In addition, this glycolysis dependance results in increased lactic acid production leading to hypoxia, pH changes which cause immune changes, as well as environmental and microbe changes. [015] Cellular respiration comprises a series of biochemical pathways in which organic molecules are converted to carbon dioxide and water while the chemical energy thus produced is trapped in a form useful to the cell. An important process of all the living organisms, cellular respiration provides the energy needed to fuel cellular activity including the maintenance of cell homeostasis as well as growth and proliferation. Glucose is the primary source of energy and is the main fuel for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration includes aerobic respiration where molecular oxygen is the electron acceptor and anaerobic respiration which using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen.

[016] Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In prokaryotes, aerobic respiration consists of glycolysis. In eukaryotes, aerobic respiration includes glycolysis as well as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells, while the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell.

[017] Glycolysis is the linear, multi-step process which converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid), resulting in the generation of two net molecules of ATP. In addition, the stored energy released by this catabolic process is transferred onto two molecules of NADH. In eukaryotes, the NADH generated by glycolysis are used by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate four additional ATPs. If pyruvate does not enter Krebs’s cycle, these molecules undergo fermentation and results in ethanol in prokaryotes and plants and lactic acid in animals.

[018] All cells rely on two classes of hexose transporters to transport glucose into the cells, the sodium- dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) family and the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) family. SGLT transporters are integral membrane proteins comprising two members (SGLT1 and SGLT 2) and transport glucose against its concentration gradient by active transport. GLUT transporters are integral membrane proteins contain 12 membrane-spanning helices with both the amino and carboxyl termini exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. Containing at least 14 members (GLUT1 to GLUT14), these receptors transport glucose along its concentration gradient by facilitated diffusion.

[019] Also known as the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle, the TCA consists of a two-step process. The first is a linking reaction where pyruvate produced by glycolysis is oxidized into Acetyl Co-A. The oxidation of every two molecules of pyruvate results in the transfer of the energy released by this reaction onto two molecules of NADH. In the second step, the Acetyl Co-A is oxidized in a cyclic series of chemical reactions which, for every two Acetyl Co-A molecules, results in the generation of two ATPs and the transfer of released energy onto six NADHs and two FADH2s. The NADHs and FADH2s generated by the TCA are used by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate 28 additional ATPs. [020] Oxidative phosphorylation also referred to as electron transport chain, electron transport-linked phosphorylation, or the respiratory chain, is the third and final process of aerobic respiration. Oxidative phosphorylation establishes a proton gradient across the boundary of the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive a series of redox reactions where each electron transport enzyme is in turn reduced (receives the hydride ion), then oxidized (donates a hydride ion to the next enzyme in the series), and the chemical energy of molecular oxygen liberated in these reactions is coupled to the synthesis of ATP. Assuming 2 molar equivalents of ATP per equivalent NADH produced in glycolysis, 3 molar equivalents of ATP per equivalent NADH in TCA, and 2 ATP per FADH2 in TCA, a net gain of 34 ATPs is generated by oxidative phosphorylation for every molecule of glucose. As such, for every molecule of glucose, a total net yield of 38 ATPs is generated by aerobic respiration, two ATPs from glycolysis and 36 ATPs from the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation pathways combined. Thus, under normal conditions, the vast majority of energy produced by cells is via the oxidative phosphorylation phase of aerobic respiration.

[021] Unlike normal cells, cancer cells are well known to exhibit metabolic dysregulation, which is characterized by an excessive reliance on glucose metabolism and glycolysis and lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen and with fully functioning mitochondria. Known as the Warburg effect, the persistent activation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is a direct result of aberrant of intracellular signaling disrupted by mutated oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. However, the glycolytic pathway is an inefficient process of energy abstraction from glucose, producing a net gain of 2 ATPs and 2 NADHs. To compensate for this inefficiency, cancer cells overexpress GLUT1 transporters on the plasma membrane in order to procure more glucose molecules in order to deal with the short-term high-energy required and develop fast. In addition, cancer cells can only use GLUT1 , whereas normal cells use GLUT4 which is insulin dependent. As such, inhibiting the glycolytic capacity of cancer cells provides an anticancer effect because the lack of energy production hinders the cellular activity of cancer cells causing cessation of growth and cellular death. As such, modulating GLUT1 receptor activation can help slow tumor growth, reduce tumor invasion, and induce tumor cell death.

[022] Fatty acids and cholesterol are lipids essential for cell viability, growth, and proliferation, being necessary components for the synthesis of membranes during cytokinesis and precursors for molecules important for cellular communication. While synthesizing both fatty acids and cholesterol de novo, cancer cells are highly dependent on active receptor-mediated endocytosis to obtain lipids essential for cell growth. For example, cancer cells rely on surface proteins to facilitate uptake of fatty acids secreted into the circulatory system after being synthesized by cells in the liver and adipose tissue.

[023] One critical component of this fatty acid uptake system is the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor, a class B scavenger receptor found on the plasma membrane surface of many cell types. Also known as platelet glycoprotein 4, fatty acid translocase (FAT), scavenger receptor class B member 3 (SCARB3), and glycoproteins 88 (GP88), 111 b (GPIIIB), or IV (GPIV), the CD36 receptor is an integral membrane protein that imports fatty acids inside the cell. As such, modulating CD36 receptor activation can help slow tumor growth, reduce tumor invasion, and induce tumor cell death.

[024] As an indispensable constituent of the plasma membrane, cholesterol affects the properties and functions of membrane proteins such as receptors, enzymes, or ion channels and is also required to generate new cell membranes. Thus, another critical component to lipid metabolism in low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL) receptors. Cholesterol is emulsified into lipoprotein complexes for transport through the blood, with most cholesterol contained in low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL), and taken up by target cells expressing the LDL receptor. As such, modulating LDL receptor activation can help slow tumor growth, reduce tumor invasion, and induce tumor cell death.

[025] The endocannabinoid system is a signaling system in the body composed of endocannabinoids, metabolic enzymes, and receptors that plays an integral role in mediating homeostasis in metabolic regulation, such as, e.g., metabolism, pain, inflammation, immune function, thereby facilitating that these biological processes operate at optimum capacity. The endocannabinoid system relies on two main types of receptors to achieve and maintain metabolic homeostasis, Cannabinoid-1 Receptors (CB1) and Cannabinoid-2 Receptor (CB2). Members of the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, CB1 and CB2 receptor activation has been shown to reduced cellular proliferation rate, promoted apoptosis and regulate gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and mitochondrial respiration. As such, modulating CB1 and CB2 receptor activation can help slow tumor growth, reduce tumor invasion, and induce tumor cell death.

[026] The overall effect of the metabolic change cancer cells have undergone means that these cells have less energy and material resources available to maintain their viability in this hostile environment, making them more vulnerable to apoptosis and necrosis. As such, a cancer treatment that simultaneously attacks these cancer cell specific metabolic vulnerabilities, such as, e.g., increased reliance upon the glycolysis, increase need for lipids and altered mitochondrion function, will be effective in treating cancer. In addition, such metabolic therapies support the body’s own defense against cancer through the anticancer immune system making the treatment more efficient. Secondly any externally applied anti-cancer therapies are similarly made more efficient. The disclosed treatment regimens directly engage these cancer cell-specific metabolic vulnerabilities by inhibiting glucose and lipid uptake, inhibiting glycolytic respiration, inhibit lipid metabolism, promoting mitochondrial-directed apoptosis, and reversing immune suppression and microbiome changes. Such treatment effects reduce or eliminate critical energy and material resources and promoting a more hostile anti-cancer cell environment to such an extent that these cells cannot maintain their viability, leading to cancer cell death. [027] The present specification disclose methods and uses of treating cancer in an individual thereof using a pulsatile administration protocol. The disclosed methods comprise one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering a plurality of treatment protocols comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability. This reduction of cellular energy and material resources directly assault the metabolic vulnerabilities experienced by cancer cells, leading to cancer cell death. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods comprise one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering a plurality of treatment protocols comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability. This reduced bioavailability results in cancer cells not being able to uptake sufficient quantities of glucose and/or lipids, preventing the cancer cells from dividing and forming a progeny cancer cell, thereby promoting cancer cell death.

[028] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[029] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e. , the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[030] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[031] Although the therapeutic compounds employed in the disclosed methods and uses are designed to exploit the metabolic vulnerabilities brought about by the single cell state cancer cells, long term exposure to these therapeutic compounds may give rise to side effects, such as unwanted consequences due to chronic use or resistance development to the beneficial effect of a therapeutic compound. As cancer treatment is essentially a life-long treatment such undesirable side effects are a concern.

[032] To address this concern, the present specification disclose other methods of treating a cancer employ a pulsatile regimen were at least one of the treatment protocols replaces a plurality of therapeutic compounds with a plurality of nutritional supplements. In some embodiments of the disclosed pulsatile regimen, a particular therapeutic compound is switch for a nutritional supplement designed to provide a similar biologic effect. For example, a therapeutic compound that reduces the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability is replaced by a nutritional supplement that reduces the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability. As another example, a therapeutic compound that reduces the bioavailability of glucose is replaced by a nutritional supplement that reduces the bioavailability of glucose. As yet another example, a therapeutic compound that reduces the bioavailability of lipids, including fats and cholesterol, is replaced by a nutritional supplement that reduces the bioavailability of lipids, including fats and cholesterol. In this way, reduced bioavailability of essential resources to cancer cells is maintained while at the same time the onset of undesirable side effects due to long-term exposure of a therapeutic compound is minimized, if not alleviated.

[033] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. [034] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[035] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[036] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds disclosed herein, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements disclosed herein, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[037] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[038] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, essential for cancer cell viability, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[039] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, and administering to the individual fora second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered. [040] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, and administering to the individual fora second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[041] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[042] In some embodiments, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell can be a therapeutic compound that inhibits essential enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. In aspects of these embodiments, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell can be a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell can be a therapeutic compound that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, and/or decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. In aspects of these embodiments, a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell can be a therapeutic compound that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells.

[043] In some embodiments, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell can be a nutritional supplement that inhibits essential enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. In aspects of these embodiments, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell can be a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell can be a nutritional supplement that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, and/or decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. In aspects of these embodiments, a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell can be a nutritional supplement that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells.

[044] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[045] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e. , the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[046] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e. , the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[047] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[048] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[049] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[050] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[051] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[052] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, administering to the individual fora second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[053] In aspects of these embodiments, a hypoglycemic agent includes an insulin sensitizer, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes an antihelmintic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic. In other aspects of these embodiments, a hypoglycemic agent includes a biguanide, a hypolipidemic agent includes a statin, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a benzimidazole, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a tetracycline-based antibiotic. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, a hypoglycemic agent includes a metformin, a hypoglycemic agent includes an atorvastatin, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a mebendazole, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a doxycycline.

[054] In aspects of these embodiments, a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof, an antibiotic nutritional supplement includes a keto-carotenoid, and a cannabinoid includes a phytocannabinoid, an endocannabinoid, a synthetic cannabinoid, or any combination thereof. In other aspects of these embodiments, a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement includes a niacin, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, an antibiotic nutritional supplement includes an astaxanthin, and a cannabinoid includes a phytocannabinoid.

[055] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[056] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, and administering to the individual fora second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[057] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and administering to the individual fora second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[058] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[059] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[060] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[061] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[062] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[063] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[064] In aspects of these embodiments, an insulin sensitizer includes a biguanide, a hypolipidemic agent includes a statin, an antihelmintic agent includes a benzimidazole, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic includes a tetracycline-based antibiotic. In other aspects of these embodiments, an insulin sensitizer includes a metformin, a hypolipidemic agent includes an atorvastatin, an antihelmintic agent includes a mebendazole, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic includes a doxycycline.

[065] In aspects of these embodiments, a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof, an antibiotic nutritional supplement includes a keto-carotenoid, and a phytocannabinoid includes a tetrahydrocannabinol (such as, e.g., delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC, THC), and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Dd-THC)), a cannabidiol, a cannabinol, a cannabigerol, a tetrahydrocannabivarin, a cannabidivarin, and a cannabichromene, or any combination thereof. In other aspects of these embodiments, a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement includes a niacin, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, an antibiotic nutritional supplement includes an astaxanthin, and a phytocannabinoid includes a cannabidiol.

[066] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[067] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline- based antibiotic, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[068] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. The plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols, i.e., the first and second treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of therapeutic compounds administered.

[069] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin and a phytocannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[070] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin and a phytocannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[071] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin and a phytocannabinoid, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[072] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[073] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered. [074] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

In aspects of this embodiment, a biguanide includes a metformin, a statin includes atorvastatin, a benzimidazole includes mebendazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic includes a doxycycline. In other aspects of these embodiments, a Vitamin B3 includes a niacin.

[075] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline.

[076] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole.

[077] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline.

In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol. [078] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[079] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, and an astaxanthin, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[080] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, and an astaxanthin, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[081] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, and an astaxanthin, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol.

[082] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin and a cannabidiol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[083] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin and a cannabidiol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

[084] In some embodiments, the disclosed methods of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including administering to an individual fora first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, the second treatment protocol occurring after completion of the first treatment protocol, and administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin and a cannabidiol, the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol. The plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols, i.e., the second and third treatment protocols are not identical in the composition of nutritional supplements administered.

Therapeutic Compounds

[085] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a therapeutic compound. A therapeutic compound is a compound that provides pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of cancer, or to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or animals. A therapeutic compound disclosed herein may be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or solvate of a salt, e.g. the hydrochloride. Additionally, therapeutic compound disclosed herein may be provided as racemates, or as individual enantiomers, including the R- or S- enantiomer. Thus, a therapeutic compound disclosed herein may comprise a R-enantiomer only, a S- enantiomer only, or a combination of both a R-enantiomer and a S-enantiomer of a therapeutic compound. A therapeutic compound disclosed herein, or derivative thereof, affects cellular metabolism and may have anti-cancer activity, and thus may also be referred to a cancer therapeutic. In some embodiments, a therapeutic compound disclosed herein reduces the amount of circulating glucose and/or reduces the amount of circulating lipids, other fats and/or cholesterol in an individual. [086] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a hypoglycemic agent. A hypoglycemic agent, also known as an anti-hyperglycemic agent, reduces the glucose level in the blood and is a therapeutic for the treatment of diabetes. A hypoglycemic agent includes, without limitation, a peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, an insulin sensitizer, a secretagogue, an aldose reductase inhibitor, an a-glucosidase inhibitor, a glycosuric (also known as a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor or gliflozin), a peptide analog, a GLUT-1 receptor inhibitor, a GLUT-4 receptor inhibitor, a glycolysis inhibitor, benfluorex and bromocriptine, or any combination thereof.

[087] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, a PPAR agonist. PPARs are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. All PPARs are known to heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific regions on the DNA of target genes called peroxisome proliferator hormone response elements (PPREs). PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis of higher organisms. The family comprises three members, PPAR-a, PPAR-g, and PPAR-d (also known as PPAR-b). PPAR-a is expressed in liver, kidney, heart, muscle, adipose tissue, as well as other tissues. PPAR-d is expressed in many tissues but markedly in brain, adipose tissue, and skin. PPAR-g comprises three alternatively-spliced forms, each with a different expression pattern. PPAR-y1 is expressed in virtually all tissues, including heart, muscle, colon, kidney, pancreas, and spleen. PPAR-y2 is expressed mainly in adipose tissue. PPAR-y3 is expressed in macrophages, large intestine, and white adipose tissue. Endogenous ligands for the PPARs include free fatty acids and eicosanoids. In aspects of this embodiment, a PPAR agonist is a PPAR-a agonist. In aspects of this embodiment, a PPAR-a agonist includes, without limitation, a fibrate, GW6471 , pirinixic (WY 14643), orany combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a PPAR agonist is a PPAR-b/d agonist. In aspects of this embodiment, a PPAR-b/d agonist includes, without limitation, tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA). GSK0660, GSK3787, GW501516 (GW-501 ,516, GW1516, GSK-516 and Endurobol), GW0742, GW610742X, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a PPAR agonist is a PPAR-g agonist. In aspects of this embodiment, a PPAR-g agonist includes, without limitation, monascin, a thiazolidinedione, or any combination thereof. Other suitable PPARy agonists are described in Masson and Caumont-Bertrand, PPAR Agonist Compounds, Preparation and Uses, US 2011/0195993, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[088] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, an insulin sensitizer. Non-limiting examples of an insulin sensitizer includes a biguanide, a thiazolidinedione (or glitazone), a duel PPAR-a/g agonist (a glitazar), a lyn kinase activator, or any combination thereof. Biguanides are a class of therapeutic compounds that reduce hepatic glucose output and increase uptake of glucose by the periphery and/or have anti-malarial activities. [089] In aspects of this embodiment, a biguanide includes, without limitation, buformin, chlorproguanil, metformin, phenformin, proguanil, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a thiazolidinedione includes, without limitation, ciglitazone, darglitazone, englitazone, lobeglitazone, netoglitazone, pioglitazone, rivoglitazone, rosiglitazone, troglitazone, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a duel PPAR-a/g agonist includes, without limitation, aleglitazar, muraglitazar, saroglitazar, tesaglitazar, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a lyn kinase activator includes, without limitation, tolimidone.

[090] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, an secretagogue. Non-limiting examples of a secretagogue include a sulfonylurea, a nonsulfonylurea, a meglitinide (or glinide), a Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP- 4) inhibitor (or gliptin), a Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) agonist, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a sulfonylurea includes, without limitation, a first generation sulfonylurea like acetohexamide, carbutamide, chlorpropamide, glycyclamide, metahexamide, tolazamide, and tolbutamide, and a second generation sulfonylurea like glibenclamide (glyburide), glibornuride, glicaramide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide, glyburide, and glyclopyramide, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a meglitinide includes, without limitation, mitiglinide, nateglinide, repaglinide, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a GLP-1 receptor agonist includes, without limitation, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, taspoglutide, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a DPP-4 inhibitor includes, without limitation, alogliptin, anagliptin, evogliptin, garvagliptin, gemigliptin, gosogliptin, linagliptin, melogliptin, omarigliptin, saxagliptin, septagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin, trelagliptin, vildagliptin, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a FFAR1 agonist includes, without limitation, fasiglifam.

[091] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, an aldose reductase inhibitor. Non-limiting examples of an aldose reductase inhibitor include epalrestat, fidarestat, ranirestat, tolrestat, and zenarestat, or any combination thereof.

[092] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, an a-glucosidase inhibitor. Non-limiting examples of an a-glucosidase inhibitor include acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose, or any combination thereof.

[093] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, a glycosuric. Non-limiting examples of a glycosuric include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, ipragliflozin, remogliflozin, sergliflozin, and tofogliflozin, or any combination thereof. [094] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, a GLUT-1 receptor inhibitor. A GLUT-1 receptor inhibitor is a therapeutic compound that can reduce or inhibit GLUT-1 receptor activity and/or decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells.

[095] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, a glycolysis inhibitor. In aspects of this embodiment, a glycolysis inhibitor includes, without limitation, a hexokinase inhibitor, a phosphoglucose isomerase inhibitor, a fructosebisphosphate inhibitor, a triosephosphate isomerase inhibitor, a glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, a phsphoglycerate kinase inhibitor, a phosphoglycerate mutase inhibitor, an enolase inhibitor, a pyruvate kinase inhibitor, an a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibitor, a succinyl-CoA-synthetase inhibitor, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, a fumarase inhibitor, a malate dehydrogenase inhibitor, a citrate synthase inhibitor, an aconitase inhibitor, an isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor, or any combination thereof. In other aspects of this embodiment, a glycolysis inhibitor includes, without limitation, a therapeutic compound that interferes with the transfer of released energy resulting in the interference of the glycolytic process in a cell, e.g., a therapeutic compound that reduces molecules like NADH and two FADH2 or a therapeutic compound that prevents oxidation of molecules like NAD and two FAD, thereby preventing the formation of ATP.

[096] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, a peptide analog. Non-limiting examples of a peptide analog include an incretin mimetic, a glucagon-like peptide analog and/or agonist, a gastric inhibitory peptide analog, and/or an amylin analogue. In aspects of this embodiment, a glucagon-like peptide analog and/or agonist includes, without limitation, exenatide, liraglutide, taspoglutide, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a amylin analogue includes, without limitation, pramlintide.

[097] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a hypolipidemic agent. A hypolipidemic agent (or an anti-hyperlipidemic agent or a lipid-powering agent) reduces lipids including fats and cholesterol circulating in the blood. There are several classes of hypolipidemic agents. They may differ in both their impact on the cholesterol profile and adverse effects. For example, some hypolipidemic agents may lower LDL, while others may preferentially increase high density lipoprotein (HDL). Clinically, the choice of a hypolipidemic agents will depend on the cholesterol profile of an individual, cardiovascular risk of an individual, and/or the liver and kidney functions of an individual. A hypolipidemic agent includes, without limitation, an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase 1 (ACAT1) inhibitor, an ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) inhibitor, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, a lipid uptake inhibitor, a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor, or any combination thereof.

[098] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, an ACAT1 inhibitor. An ACAT1 inhibitor reduces circulating lipids by preventing ACAT1 from catalyzing the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA resulting in reduced cholesterol absorption, lowering plasma cholesterol levels. In aspects of this embodiment, an ACAT1 inhibitor includes without limitation, avasimibe, K604, or any combination thereof.

[099] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, an ACLY inhibitor. An ACLY inhibitor reduces circulating lipids by preventing ACLY from catalyzing the formation of acetyl-CoA resulting in the inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis. In aspects of this embodiment, an ACLY inhibitor includes without limitation, bempedoic acid.

[100] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a bile acid sequestrant. Bile acid sequestrants (also known as resins) reduces circulating lipids by decreasing LDL particles and cholesterol levels in the circulating blood by sequestering cholesterol-containing bile acids released into the intestine and preventing their reabsorption thereby decreasing lipid levels in the circulating blood. In aspects of this embodiment, a bile acid sequestrant includes, without limitation, colesevelam, colestilan, colestipol, colestyramine, colextran, or any combination thereof.

[101] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a CETP inhibitor. A CETP inhibitor reduces circulating lipids by preventing CETP from exchanging a triglyceride from LDL or very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles for a cholesteryl ester present on HDL particles. Thus, CETP inhibitors reverse cholesterol transport leading to increased HDL particles and reduced VLDL particles, LDL particles, and cholesterol levels in the circulating blood. In aspects of this embodiment, a CETP inhibitor includes, without limitation, anacetrapib, dalcetrapib, evacetrapib, obicetrapib, torcetrapib, or any combination thereof.

[102] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. A cholesterol absorption inhibitor reduces circulating lipids by preventing cholesterol absorption from the small intestine into the circulatory system, thereby reducing fat absorption, including VLDL particles, LDL particles, and cholesterol. In aspects of this embodiment, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor includes, without limitation, ezetimibe, SCH-48461 , or any combination thereof.

[103] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a fibrate. A fibrate reduces circulating lipids by stimulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, which controls the expression of gene products that mediate the metabolism of triglycerides and HDL particles. As a result, synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, VLDL particles, and LDL particles are reduced in circulating blood, while that of lipoprotein lipase, which catabolizes triglycerides, is enhanced. In aspects of this embodiment, a fibrate includes, without limitation, bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, clinofibrate, clofibrate, clofibride, etofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, pemafibrate, ronifibrate, simfibrate, or any combination thereof.

[104] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a MTTP inhibitor. A MTTP inhibitor reduces circulating lipids by preventing MTTP activity resulting in the prevention of the assembly and release of lipoproteins into the bloodstream, thereby reducing fat absorption, including cholesterol absorption, from the intestine. In aspects of this embodiment, a MTTP inhibitor includes, without limitation, dirlotapide, lomitapide, mitratapide, or any combination thereof.

[105] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a PCSK9 inhibitor. A PCSK9 inhibitor reduces circulating lipids by preventing PCSK9 from binding to receptors for LDL particles resulting in greater numbers of LDL receptors on the plasma membrane surface of cells which in turn results in an increase in the uptake of LDL particles into cells, i.e., a lowering of LDL particles in the blood. In aspects of this embodiment, a PCSK9 inhibitor includes, without limitation, alirocumab, bococizumab, evolocumab, inclisiran, or any combination thereof.

[106] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, SQS inhibitor. SQS inhibitors (or farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase inhibitors) reduce VLDL particle, LDL particle, cholesterol and, triglyceride levels in circulating blood. In aspects of this embodiment, a SQS inhibitor includes, without limitation, DF-461 , ER-27856, RPR 107393, TAK-475, YM-53601 , ibandronate, incadronate, thiocyanate WC-9, and zaragozic acid A.

[107] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a statin. A statin, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, to prevent cholesterol biosynthesis, thereby reducing LDL particle and cholesterol levels in the circulating blood. In aspects of this embodiment, a statin includes, without limitation, atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, or any combination thereof.

[108] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a thiazolidinedione. Besides their hypoglycemic activity, thiazolidinediones also reduce VLDL particle, LDL particle, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in circulating blood and/or increase HDL levels. In aspects of this embodiment, a thiazolidinedione includes, without limitation, ciglitazone, darglitazone, englitazone, lobeglitazone, netoglitazone, pioglitazone, rivoglitazone, rosiglitazone, troglitazone, or any combination thereof.

[109] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a tocotrienol. Tocotrienols are a class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that reduce LDL particle and/or cholesterol levels in circulating blood by inducing hepatic LDL receptor up-regulation. In aspects of this embodiment, a tocotrienol includes, without limitation, a y-tocotrienol and a d- tocotrienol.

[110] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypolipidemic agent is, without limitation, a lipid intake inhibitor. In aspects of this embodiment, a lipid intake inhibitor includes, without limitation, an LDL receptor inhibitor, an SR-81 inhibitor, an SR-82 inhibitor, a CD36 (thrombospondin/ SR-83) receptor inhibitor, or any combination thereof. A LDL receptor inhibitor is a therapeutic compound that can reduce or inhibit a LDL receptor activity and/or decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells. A CD36 receptor inhibitor is a therapeutic compound that can reduce or inhibit a CD36 receptor activity and/or decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells.

[111] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a hypoglycemic agent is, without limitation, a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor. In aspects of this embodiment, a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor includes, without limitation, an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase 2, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) inhibitor, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a mevalonate kinase inhibitor, a phosphomevalonate kinase inhibitor, a mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase inhibitor, a isopentyl pyrophosphate isomerase inhibitor, a farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitor, a farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase inhibitor, a squalene monooxygenase inhibitor, an oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitor, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase acyltransferase inhibitor, an acyltransferase inhibitor, a dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase inhibitor, an acyl- dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase inhibitor, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase inhibitor, a triglyceride lipase inhibitor, b-keto acyl-S-ACP reductase, enoyl-ACP dehydratase, crotonyl-S-ACP reductase, or any combination thereof.

[112] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization inhibitor include vinca binding domain inhibitors and colchicine domain inhibitors. Nonlimiting examples of a vinca binding domain inhibitor include vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vinflunine, crytophycin 52, halichondrin, a dolastatin, hemiasterlin, or any combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of a colchicine domain inhibitor include colchicine, a combretastatin, 2-methoxyestradiol and E7010, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor is an antihelmintic. [113] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is an antihelmintic. An antihelmintic (also known as an antihelminthic or helminthic) a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Non-limiting examples of an antihelmintic include an aminoacetonitrile derivative, an artemisinin, an avermectin, a benzimidazole, a milbemycin, an octadepsipeptide, a spiroindole, diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, monepantel, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, phosphoric acid (metrifonate), praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, salicylanilide, suramin, or any combination thereof.

[114] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antihelmintic is, without limitation, an artemisinin. In aspects of this embodiment, an artemisinin includes, without limitation, artelinic acid, artemether, artemotil (b-arteether), artenimol, arterolane, artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, a butyrate ester of dihydroartemesinin, or any combination thereof.

[115] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antihelmintic is, without limitation, an avermectin. An avermectin blocks the transmission of electrical activity in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells by opening invertebrate-specific glutamate-gated chloride channels that causes an influx of chloride ions into the cells, leading to hyperpolarisation and subsequent paralysis of invertebrate neuromuscular systems. In aspects of this embodiment, an avermectin includes, without limitation, abamectin, doramectin, emamectin, ivermectin, selamectin, or any combination thereof.

[116] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antihelmintic is, without limitation, a benzimidazole. A benzimidazole selectively inhibits the formation of microtubules via binding to colchicine binding site of b-tubulin, thereby blocking polymerisation of tubulin dimers. Disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules leads to blocking the uptake of glucose and other nutrients, resulting in the gradual immobilization and eventual death of the helminths In aspects of this embodiment, a benzimidazole includes, without limitation, albendazole, ciclobendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, triclabendazole, or any combination thereof.

[117] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antihelmintic is, without limitation, a milbemycin. A milbemycin blocks the transmission of electrical activity in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells by opening invertebrate-specific glutamate-gated chloride channels that causes an influx of chloride ions into the cells, leading to hyperpolarisation and subsequent paralysis of invertebrate neuromuscular systems. In aspects of this embodiment, a milbemycin includes, without limitation, moxidectin, milbemycin oxime, or any combination thereof. [118] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antihelmintic is, without limitation, an octadepsipeptide. In aspects of this embodiment, an octadepsipeptide includes, without limitation, emodepside.

[119] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antihelmintic is, without limitation, a spiroindole. In aspects of this embodiment, a spiroindole includes, without limitation, dequantel.

[120] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is an antimalaria agent. Non-limiting examples of an antimalaria include an antifolate, a hemozoin inhibitor, a sesquiterpene lactone, atovaquone, tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, mepacrine, pyronaridine, piperaquine, rufigallol, or any combination thereof.

[121] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antimalaria agent is, without limitation, an antifolate. In aspects of this embodiment, an antifolate includes, without limitation, a DHFR inhibitor, a sulfonamide (sulphonamide), or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a DHFR inhibitor includes, without limitation, a biguanide, pyrimethamine, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a biguanide includes, without limitation, buformin, chlorproguanil, metformin, phenformin, proguanil, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a sulfonamide includes, without limitation, sulfadoxine, sulfalene, sulfamethoxypyridazine, or any combination thereof.

[122] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antimalaria agent is, without limitation, a hemozoin inhibitor. In aspects of this embodiment, a hemozoin inhibitor includes, without limitation, an aminoquinoline, a 4-methanolquinoline, lumefantrine, halofantrine, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, an aminoquinoline includes, without limitation, amodiaquine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, primaquine, pamaquine, tafenoquine, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a 4-methanolquinoline includes, without limitation, cinchonine, cinchonidine, mefloquine, quinine, quinidine, or any combination thereof.

[123] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antimalaria agent is, without limitation, a sesquiterpene lactone. In aspects of this embodiment, a sesquiterpene lactone includes, without limitation, an artemisinin. In aspects of this embodiment, an artemisinin includes, without limitation, artelinic acid, artemether, artemotil (b-arteether), artenimol, arterolane, artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, a butyrate ester of dihydroartemesinin, or any combination thereof.

[124] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is an antibiotic. Non-limiting examples of an antibiotic include a cytotoxic antibiotic and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic. In aspects of this embodiment, an antibiotic is, without limitation, isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and/or ethambutol. An antibiotic, including a cytotoxic antibiotic and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is a synthetic, semisynthetic or derivative.

[125] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antibiotic is, without limitation, a cytotoxic antibiotic. In aspects of this embodiment, a cytotoxic antibiotic includes, without limitation, 2-deoxyglucose, an actinomycin, an anthracenedione, an anthracycline, chlofazimine dichloroacetic acid, nicotinic acid, thalidomide, or any combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of an actinomycin include actinomycin D, bacitracin, colistin (polymyxin E) and/or polymyxin B. Non-limiting examples of an anthracenedione include mitoxantrone and/or pixantrone. Non-limiting examples of an anthracycline include aclarubicin, amrubicin, bleomycin, daunorubicin (daunomycin), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), epirubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin, pirarubicin, plicamycin, valrubicin, zorubicin.

[126] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is an antibiotic is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic. A protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. A protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes, without limitation, an aminoglycoside, an amphenicol, a ketolide, a lincosamide, a macrolide, an oxazolidininone, a pleuromutilin, a streptogramin, a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic.

[127] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, an aminoglycoside. Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome which interferes with the binding of formyl-methionyl- tRNA to the 30S subunit, leading to codon misreading and eventual inhibition of protein synthesis. In aspects of this embodiment, an aminoglycoside includes, without limitation, amikacin, apectinomycin, apramycin, arbekacin, astromicin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, dihydrostreptomycin, framycetin, gentamicin, hygromycin B, isepamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, nourseothricin, paromomycin, plazomicin, puromycin, ribostamycin, sisomicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, verdamicin, or any combination thereof.

[128] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic. Tetracyclic polyketide antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and prevent the binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the mRNA translation complex. In aspects of this embodiment, a tetracyclic polyketide antibioticincludes, without limitation, a glycylcycline and a tetracycline-based antibiotic. Non-limiting examples of a glycylcycline include tigecycline. Non-limiting examples of a tetracycline-based antibiotic include chlortetracycline, clomocycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, eravacycline, lymecycline, meclocycline, metacycline, minocycline, omadacycline, oxytetracycline, penimepicycline, rolitetracycline, sarecycline, tetracycline, or any combination thereof. [129] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, an oxazolidininone. Oxazolidininones inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting the binding of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA to the bacterial ribosome which prevents the initiation of protein synthesis. In aspects of this embodiment, an oxazolidininone includes, without limitation, contezolid, cycloserine, eperezolid, linezolid, posizolid, radezolid, ranbezolid, sutezolid, tedizolid, or any combination thereof.

[130] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, an amphenicol. In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, a pleuromutilin. Amphenicol and pleuromutilin antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to peptidyl transferase on the 50S ribosome subunit of the bacterial ribosome thereby inhibiting the activity of this enzyme. In aspects of this embodiment, an amphenicol includes, without limitation, azidamfenicol, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, thiamphenicol, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a pleuromutilin includes, without limitation, Lefamulin, retapamulin, tiamulin, valnemulin, or any combination thereof.

[131] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, a ketolide. In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, a lincosamide. In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, a macrolide. In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound that is a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic is, without limitation, an streptogramin. Ketolide, lincosamide, macrolide, and streptogramin antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the P site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome resulting in the inability of peptidyl transferase from adding amino acid to the growing peptide chain as well as inhibiting ribosomal translation. In aspects of this embodiment, a ketolide includes, without limitation, cethromycin, solithromycin, telithromycin, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a lincosamide includes, without limitation, clindamycin, lincomycin, pirlimycin, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a macrolide includes, without limitation, azithromycin, boromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, flurithromycin, josamycin, midecamycin, miocamycin, oleandomycin, rokitamycin, roxithromycin, spiramycin, troleandomycin, tylosin, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a streptogramin includes, without limitation, pristinamycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, virginiamycin, or any combination thereof.

[132] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a glutaminolysis inhibitor. In aspects of this embodiment, a glutaminolysis inhibitor includes, without limitation, a glutaminase inhibitor, glutamate dehydrogenase (GIDH) inhibitor, a glutamate pyruvate transaminase inhibitor (alanine transaminase (ALT) inhibitor), a glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) inhibitor (aspartate transaminase (AST) inhibitor), or any combination thereof. In other aspects of this embodiment, a glutaminolysis inhibitor includes, without limitation, a therapeutic compound that interferes with the transfer of released energy resulting in the interference of the glutaminic process in a cell, e.g., a therapeutic compound that reduces molecules like NADH and two FADH2 or a therapeutic compound that prevents oxidation of molecules like NAD and two FAD, thereby preventing the formation of ATP.

[133] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a hormone. In aspects of this embodiment, a hormone includes, without limitation, a lutenizing hormone releasing hormone agonist, bicalutamide, flutamide, goserelin, histrelin, leuprolidine, nilutamide, triptorelin, or any combination thereof.

[134] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is an anticancer antibody. In aspects of this embodiment, an anticancer antibody includes, without limitation, Abciximab, Adalimumab, Alemtuzumab, Atlizumab, Basiliximab, Belimumab, Bevacizumab, Bretuximab vedotin, Canakinumab, Cetuximab, Ceertolizumab pegol, Daclizumab, Denosumab, Eculizumab, Efalizumab, Gemtuzumab, Golimumab, Golimumab, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Infliximab, Ipilimumab, Muromonab-CD3, Natalizumab, Ofatumumab, Omalizumab, Palivizumab, Panitumuab, Ranibizumab, Rituximab, Tocilizumab, Tositumomab, Trastuzumab, or any combination thereof.

[135] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is an alkylating agent. Alkylating agents are so named because of their ability to alkylate many nucleophilic functional groups under conditions present in cells, including, but not limited to cancer cells. Alkylating agents can function by impairing cell function by forming covalent bonds with the amino, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, and phosphate groups in biologically important molecules or they can work by modifying a cell's DNA. An alkylating agent is a synthetic, semisynthetic or derivative. In aspects of this embodiment, an alkylating agent includes, without limitation, cisplatin, carboplatin, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, ifosfamide, oxaliplatin, or any combination thereof.

[136] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is an anti-metabolite. Anti-metabolites masquerade as purines or pyrimidines, the building-blocks of DNA and in general, prevent these substances from becoming incorporated into DNA during the "S" phase (of the cell cycle), stopping normal development and division. Anti-metabolites can also affect RNA synthesis. An anti-metabolite is a synthetic, semisynthetic or derivative. In aspects of this embodiment, an antimetabolite includes, without limitation, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, or any combination thereof.

[137] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a plant alkaloid and/or terpenoid. These alkaloids are derived from plants and block cell division by, in general, preventing microtubule function. In a further embodiment a plant alkaloid orterpernoid is a synthetic, semisynthetic or derivative. A plant alkaloid and/or terpenoid includes a vinca alkaloid, a podophyllotoxin and/or a taxane. Vinca alkaloids, in general, bind to specific sites on tubulin, inhibiting the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, generally during the M phase of the cell cycle. In some embodiments, a vinca alkaloid is derived, without limitation, from the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (formerly known as Vinca rosea). In an embodiment, a vinca alkaloid includes, without limitation, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, a taxane includes, without limitation, docetaxel, ortataxel, paclitaxel, taxol, or any combination thereof. In a further embodiment, a podophyllotoxin is, without limitation, an etoposide, teniposide, or any combination thereof.

[138] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a topoisomerase inhibitor. Topoisomerases are essential enzymes that maintain the topology of DNA. A topoisomerase is a synthetic, semisynthetic or derivative, including those found in nature such as, without limitation, epipodophyllotoxins, substances naturally occurring in the root of American Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum). Inhibition of type I or type II topoisomerases interferes with both transcription and replication of DNA by upsetting proper DNA supercoiling. A topoisomerase inhibitor includes, without limitation, a type I topoisomerase inhibitor and a type II topoisomerase inhibitor. In aspects of this embodiment, a type I topoisomerase inhibitor includes, without limitation, a camptothecin. In aspects of this embodiment, a camptothecin includes, without limitation, BNP 1350, CKD 602, DB 67 (AR67), exatecan, irinotecan, lurtotecan, ST 1481 , topotecan, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a type II topoisomerase inhibitor includes, without limitation, epipodophyllotoxin. In aspects of this embodiment, an epipodophyllotoxin incldues, without limitation, an amsacrine, etoposid, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, or any combination thereof.

[139] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a nutritional supplement. A nutritional supplement is a compound that provides pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of cancer, or to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or animals. A nutritional supplement disclosed herein may be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or solvate of a salt, e.g. the hydrochloride. Additionally, nutritional supplement disclosed herein may be provided as racemates, or as individual enantiomers, including the R- or S- enantiomer. Thus, a nutritional supplement disclosed herein may comprise a R-enantiomer only, a S- enantiomer only, or a combination of both a R-enantiomer and a S-enantiomer of a nutritional supplement. A nutritional supplement disclosed herein, or derivative thereof, affects cellular metabolism and may have anti-cancer activity. In some embodiments, a nutritional supplement disclosed herein reduces the amount of circulating glucose and/or reduces the amount of circulating lipids, other fats and/or cholesterol in an individual.

[140] In an embodiment, a nutritional supplement is a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement. A hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, also known as an anti-hyperglycemic nutritional supplement, reduces the glucose level in the blood. A hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes, without limitation, berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof. [141] In an embodiment, a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement is, without limitation, a berberine. Berberine is an alkaloid found in plants of the genus Berberis. Exhibiting DPP-4 inhibitor activity, berberine lowers blood glucose and inhibits AMPK and mTOR signaling, two important parts of the molecular processes which underpin cancer cell energy metabolism and use.

[142] In an embodiment, a berberine replaces a hypoglycemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a berberine replaces a PPAR agonist, an insulin sensitizer, a secretagogue, an aldose reductase inhibitor, an a-glucosidase inhibitor, a glycosuric, a peptide analog, a GLUT-1 receptor inhibitor, a GLUT-4 receptor inhibitor, a glycolysis inhibitor, benfluorex, or bromocriptine in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a berberine replaces a biguanide in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a berberine replaces buformin, chlorproguanil, metformin, phenformin, or proguanil in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a berberine replaces metformin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[143] In some embodiments, a method or use disclosed herein replaces a hypoglycemic therapeutic compound with a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement. In some embodiments, replacement of a hypoglycemic therapeutic compound with a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement in a method or use disclosed herein is further coupled with the inclusion of low-sugar diet, such as, e.g., a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (LCHF), or a mild keto diet (KD), thereby further restricting cancer cells access to glucose.

[144] In an embodiment, a therapeutic compound is a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement. A hypolipidemic nutritional supplement (or an anti-hyperlipidemic nutritional supplement or a lipid-powering nutritional supplement) reduces lipids including fats and cholesterol circulating in the blood. There are several classes of hypolipidemic nutritional supplement. They may differ in both their impact on the cholesterol profile and adverse effects. For example, some hypolipidemic nutritional supplement may lower LDL, while others may preferentially increase high density lipoprotein (HDL). Clinically, the choice of a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement will depend on the cholesterol profile of an individual, cardiovascular risk of an individual, and/or the liver and kidney functions of an individual. A hypolipidemic nutritional supplement includes, without limitation, a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, a cannabinoid, or any combination thereof.

[145] In an embodiment, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement is, without limitation, a vitamin B3. Vitamin B3 is an essential nutrient in humans and exists in three forms, nicotinamide (niacinamide), niacin (nicotinic acid), and nicotinamide riboside. Vitamin B3 has anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, niacin reduces VLDL particle, LDL particle, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in circulating blood as well as increases HDL particle levels. In aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin B3 includes, without limitation, acipimox, nicotinamide, niacin, and nicotinamide riboside, or any combination thereof.

[146] In an embodiment, a Vitamin B3 replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a Vitamin B3 replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a Vitamin B3 replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a Vitamin B3 replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a Vitamin B3 replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[147] In an embodiment, a niacin replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a niacin replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a niacin replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a niacin replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a niacin replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[148] In an embodiment, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement is, without limitation, an omega fatty acid. In aspects of this embodiment, an omega fatty acid includes, without limitation, an omega-3 fatty acid, an omega-5 fatty acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, an omega-7 fatty acid, an omega-9 fatty acid, an omega-10 fatty acid, an omega-11 fatty acid, an omega-12 fatty acid, or any combination thereof.

[149] Omega-3 fatty acids (also known as n-3 fatty acids or w-3 fatty acids) are a family of essential unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-3 position, that is, the third bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. The omega-3 fatty acids are "essential" fatty acids because they are vital for normal metabolism and cannot be synthesized by the human body. An omega-3 fatty acid includes, without limitation, hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3), a-linolenic acid (18:3), stearidonic acid (18:4), eicosatrienoic acid (20:3), eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), heneicosapentaenoic acid (21 :5), docosapentaenoic acid (clupanodonic acid) (22:5), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), tetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5), tetracosahexaenoic acid (nisinic acid) (24:6). [150] Omega-5 fatty acids (also known as n-5 fatty acids or w-5 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-5 position, that is, the fifth bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. An omega-5 fatty acid includes, without limitation, myristoleic (14:1), palmitovaccenic (16:1), a-eleostearic (18:3), b-eleostearic (trans-18:3), punicic (18:3), 7,10,13-octadecatrienoic (18:3), 9,12,15-eicosatrienoic (20:3), and b-eicosatetraenoic (20:4).

[151] Omega-6 fatty acids (also known as n-6 fatty acids or w-6 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, that is, the sixth bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. An omega-6 fatty acid includes, without limitation, linoleic acid (18:2), y-linolenic acid (18:3), calendic acid (18:3), eicosadienoic acid (20:2), dihomo-y-linolenic acid (20:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), docosadienoic acid (22:2), adrenic acid (22:4), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5), tetracosatetraenoic acid (24:4), and tetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5).

[152] Omega-7 fatty acids (also known as n-7 fatty acids or w-7 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-7 position, that is, the seventh bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. An omega-7 fatty acid includes, without limitation, 5- dodecenoic acid (12:1), 7-tetradecenoic acid (14:1), 9-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid) (16:1), 11- decenoic acid (vaccenic acid) (18:1), 9z,11e conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid)(18:2), 13-eicosenoic acid (paullinic acid) (20:1), 15-docosenoic acid (22:1), and 17-tetracosenoic acid (24:1).

[153] Omega-9 fatty acids (also known as n-9 fatty acids or w-9 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-9 position, that is, the ninth bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. An omega-9 fatty acid includes, without limitation, oleic acid (18:1), elaidic acid (18:1), eicosenoic acid (20:1), mead acid (20:3), erucic acid (22:1), nervonic acid (24:1), and ricinoleic acid.

[154] Omega-10 fatty acids (also known as n-10 fatty acids or w-10 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-10 position, that is, the tenth bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. An omega-10 fatty acid includes, without limitation, sapienic (16:1).

[155] Omega-11 fatty acids (also known as n-11 fatty acids or w-11 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-11 position, that is, the eleventh bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. An omega-11 fatty acid includes, without limitation, gadoleic (20:1). [156] Omega-12 fatty acids (also known as n-12 fatty acids or w-12 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-12 position, that is, the twelfth bond, counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid. An omega-12 fatty acid includes, without limitation, 4-hexadecenoic (16:1), petroselinic (18:1), and 8-eicosenoic (20:1)

[157] In an embodiment, an omega fatty acid replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, an omega fatty acid replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, an omega fatty acid replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, an omega fatty acid replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, an omega fatty acid replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[158] In an embodiment, an omega-3 fatty acid replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, an omega-3 fatty acid replaces an ACAT 1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, an omega-3 fatty acid replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, an omega-3 fatty acid replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, an omega-3 fatty acid replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[159] In an embodiment, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement is, without limitation, a phytosterol. Phytosterols have cholesterol absorption inhibitory activity. Phytosterols reduces circulating lipids by preventing cholesterol absorption from the small intestine into the circulatory system, thereby reducing fat absorption, including VLDL particles, LDL particles, and cholesterol. More than 250 different types of phytosterols have been reported in plant species. Most phytosterols are compounds having 28 to 30 carbon atoms, and typically up to two carbon-carbon double bonds in the B ring and up to two carbon-carbon double bonds in the C-17 side chain. Chemically, these sterols have the same basic structure as cholesterol but differences arise from the lateral chain which is modified by the addition of one or two supernumerary carbon atoms at C-24 with either a or b chirality. Phytostanols are a fully saturated subgroup of phytosterols (they contain no double bonds). IN aspects of this embodiment, a phytosterols include, without limitation, b-sitosterol, avenasterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, cholestenedione, cholestenol, coprostanol, cycloartenol, d-7-avenasterol, d-7-stigmasterol (corbisterol), dimethylcholesterol, ergosterol (Vitamin D2), ergostenol, ergostatrienol, ergostadienol, ethylcholestenol, lathosterol, norcholestadienol, saringosterol, aitostanol, spinasterol (a-spinasterol), stigmastanol (sitostanol), stigmastenol, stigmastadienol, stigmastadienone, stigmasterol (stigmasterin), stigmastenone, any stereoisomer thereof, and any combination thereof.

[160] In an embodiment, a phytosterol replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a phytosterol replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a phytosterol replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a phytosterol replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a phytosterol replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[161] In an embodiment, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement is, without limitation, a vitamin D. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient in humans and exists in five forms, vitamin Di, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, vitamin D4 and vitamin Ds. Vitamin Di is a 1 :1 mixture of ergocalciferol and lumisterol, vitamin D2 is ergocalciferol made from ergosterol, vitamin D3 is cholecalciferol made from 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D4 is 22-dihydroergocalciferol and vitamin Ds is sitocalciferol made from 7-de hydrositosterol. Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 are known collectively as calciferol. In aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D includes, without limitation, vitamin Di, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, vitamin D4 and vitamin Ds, or any combination thereof.

[162] In an embodiment, a vitamin D replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[163] In an embodiment, a calciferol replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a calciferol replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a calciferol replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a calciferol replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a calciferol replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[164] In an embodiment, a vitamin D ₂ or a vitamin D3 replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D ₂ or a vitamin D3 replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D ₂ or a vitamin D3 replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D ₂ or a vitamin D3 replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin D ₂ or a vitamin D3 replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein.

[165] In an embodiment, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement is, without limitation, a cannabinoid. Examples of a suitable cannabinoid include, without limitation, a phytocannabinoid, an endocannabinoid, and a synthetic cannabinoid. A phytocannabinoid includes a tetrahydrocannabinol (such as, e.g., delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC, THC), and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC)), a cannabidiol, a cannabinol, a cannabigerol, a tetrahydrocannabivarin, a cannabidivarin, and a cannabichromene. An endocannabinoid includes arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide or AEA), 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2- AG), 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA), virodhamine (OAE), and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). A synthetic cannabinoid includes dronabinol (Marinol), nabilone (cesamet), sativex, rimonabant (SR141716), JWH-018, JWH-073, CP-55940, dimethylheptylpyran, HU- 210, HU-331 , SR144528, WIN 55,212-2, JWH-133, levonantradol (Nantrodolum), and AM-2201.

[166] In an embodiment, a cannabinoid replaces a hypolipidemic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a cannabinoid replaces an ACAT1 inhibitor, an ACLY inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a fibrate, a MTTP inhibitor, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a SQS inhibitor, a statin, a thiazolidinedione, a tocotrienol, or a lipid uptake inhibitor in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a cannabinoid replaces a statin in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a cannabinoid replaces atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a cannabinoid replaces atorvastatin in a method or use disclosed herein. [167] In an embodiment, a cannabinoid is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a phytocannabinoid, an endocannabinoid, a synthetic cannabinoid, or any combination thereof is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a phytocannabinoid is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a cannabidiol is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein.

[168] In an embodiment, a nutritional supplement is an antihelmintic nutritional supplement. An antihelmintic nutritional supplement (also known as an antihelminthic nutritional supplement or helminthic nutritional supplement) a group of antiparasitic nutritional supplements having anti-inflammatory and immune regulating properties. In aspects of this embodiment, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes, without limitation, a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof.

[169] In an embodiment, a boswellia replaces an antihelmintic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a boswellia replaces an aminoacetonitrile derivative, an artemisinin, an avermectin, a benzimidazole, a milbemycin, an octadepsipeptide, a spiroindole, diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, monepantel, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, phosphoric acid (metrifonate), praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, salicylanilide, or suramin, in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a boswellia replaces a benzimidazole in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a boswellia replaces albendazole, ciclobendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, ortriclabendazole in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a boswellia replaces mebendazole in a method or use disclosed herein.

[170] In an embodiment, a curcumin replaces an antihelmintic therapeutic agent in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a curcumin replaces an aminoacetonitrile derivative, an artemisinin, an avermectin, a benzimidazole, a milbemycin, an octadepsipeptide, a spiroindole, diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, monepantel, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, phosphoric acid (metrifonate), praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, salicylanilide, or suramin, in a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a curcumin replaces a benzimidazole in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a curcumin replaces albendazole, ciclobendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, ortriclabendazole in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a curcumin replaces mebendazole in a method or use disclosed herein.

[171] In an embodiment, a nutritional supplement is an antibiotic nutritional supplement. Non-limiting examples of an antibiotic nutritional supplement include a keto-carotenoid. In aspects of this embodiment, a keto-carotenoid is, without limitation, a keto-carotenoid. [172] In an embodiment, a keto-carotenoid replaces a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic in a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a keto-carotenoid replaces a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic. In other aspects of this embodiment, a keto-carotenoid replaces a glycylcycline or a tetracycline- based antibiotic in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, a keto-carotenoid replaces chlortetracycline, clomocycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, eravacycline, lymecycline, meclocycline, metacycline, minocycline, omadacycline, oxytetracycline, penimepicycline, rolitetracycline, sarecycline, or tetracycline in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, a keto- carotenoid replaces doxycycline in a method or use disclosed herein.

[173] In an embodiment, an astaxanthin replaces a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic in a method or use disclosed herein. An astaxanthin blocking the activity of MMP enzymes. In aspects of this embodiment, an astaxanthin replaces a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic. In other aspects of this embodiment, an astaxanthin replaces a glycylcycline or a tetracycline-based antibiotic in a method or use disclosed herein. In yet aspects of this embodiment, an astaxanthin replaces chlortetracycline, clomocycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, eravacycline, lymecycline, meclocycline, metacycline, minocycline, omadacycline, oxytetracycline, penimepicycline, rolitetracycline, sarecycline, or tetracycline in a method or use disclosed herein. In still aspects of this embodiment, an astaxanthin replaces doxycycline in a method or use disclosed herein.

[174] In an embodiment, a nutritional supplement is a food additive and/or a vitamin. In aspects of this embodiment, a food additive and/or vitamin includes, without limitation, tributerin, a vitamin C, a vitamin B12, coenzyme Q12, or any combination thereof.

[175] In an embodiment, a food additive and/or a vitamin is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin C is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a vitamin B12 is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a cannabidiol is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein.

[176] In an embodiment, a nutritional supplement is a stilbenoid. In aspects of this embodiment, a stilbenoid includes, without limitation, ampelopsin A, ampelopsin E, astringin, diptoindonesin A, trans- diptoindonesin B, diptoindonesin C, diptoindonesin F, flexuosol A, gnetin H, hemsleyanol D, hopeaphenol, resveratrol, piceatannol, piceid, pinosylvin, pterostilbene, a-viniferin, e-vinferin, or any combination thereof.

[177] In an embodiment, a stilbenoid is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, ampelopsin A, ampelopsin E, astringin, diptoindonesin A, trans-diptoindonesin B, diptoindonesin C, diptoindonesin F, flexuosol A, gnetin H, hemsleyanol D, hopeaphenol, resveratrol, piceatannol, piceid, pinosylvin, pterostilbene, a-viniferin, e-vinferin, or any combination thereof is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a resveratrol is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein.

[178] In an embodiment, an isoflavonoid is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, an isoflavonoid includes, without limitation, an isoflavane, an isoflavene, an isoflavone, a pterocarpan, a rotenoid, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, an isoflavane includes, without limitation, equol including (S)-equol and (R)-equol, glabridin, laxiflorane, lonchocarpane, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, an isoflavene includes, without limitation, glabrene, 2-methoxyjudaicin, haginin D, idronoxil (phenoxodiol), or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, an isoflavone includes, without limitation, biochanin A, daidzein, daidzin, formononetin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, orobol, ononin, prunetin, puerarin, tectorigenin, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a pterocarpan includes, without limitation, bitucarpin A, bitucarpin B, erybraedin A, erybraedin B, erythrabyssin II, erystagallin A, erythrabissin-1 , erycristag allin, glycinol, glyceollidin I and II, glyceollin I, glyceollin II, glyceollin III, glyceollin IV, glycyrrhizol A, maackiain, medicarpin, morisianine, orientanol A, phaseolin, pisatin, striatine, trifolirhizin, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, a rotenoid includes, without limitation, amorphol, clitoriacetal, deguelin. Dehydrodeguelin, 12-deoxo-12alpha-methoxyelliptone, 6a, 12a- dehydrodeguelin, 9-demethylclitoriacetal, 6-deoxyclitoriacetal, 11-deoxyclitoriacetal, elliptol, elliptone, 6- hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6aa,12aa-12a-hydroxyelliptone, 12a-hydroxyelliptone, 6-methoxy- 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-oxo-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone, stemonacetal, stemonal, sumatrol, tephrosin, toxicarol, or any combination thereof.

[179] In an embodiment, an isoflavonoid is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, an isoflavane, an isoflavene, an isoflavone, a pterocarpan, a rotenoid, or any combination thereof is administered to an individual according to a method or use disclosed herein.

[180] A first treatment protocol according to a method or use disclosed herein is administered to an individual for a first period of time. A first period of time is generally defined as a duration of time sufficient to achieve a desired therapeutic effect of a first treatment protocol. Non-limiting examples of a desired therapeutic effect of a first treatment protocol include reducing or eliminating the availability of cellular energy required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the availability of material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the bioavailability of glucose required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the bioavailability of lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or inhibiting glycolysis in cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting glucose uptake by cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting lipid uptake by cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting cell division of cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting cell growth of cancer cells, promoting or enhancing mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in cancer cells, promoting or enhancing death of cancer cells, or any combination thereof.

[181] In aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 8 days, about 9 days, about 10 days, about 11 days, about 12 days, about 13 days, about 14 days, about 15 days, about 16 days, about 17 days, about 18 days, about 19 days, about 20 days, or about 21 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least

6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, at least 15 days, at least 16 days, at least 17 days, at least 18 days, at least 19 days, at least 20 days, or at least 21 days. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 day, at most 2 days, at most

3 days, at most 4 days, at most 5 days, at most 6 days, at most 7 days, at most 8 days, at most 9 days, at most 10 days, at most 11 days, at most 12 days, at most 13 days, at most 14 days, at most 15 days, at most 16 days, at most 17 days, at most 18 days, at most 19 days, at most 20 days, or at most 21 days. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 day to about 7 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 17 days, about 1 day to about 21 days, about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 10 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 17 days, about 3 days to about 21 days, about 7 days to about 10 days, about 7 days to about 14 days, about 7 days to about 17 days, about

7 days to about 21 days, about 10 days to about 14 days, about 10 days to about 17 days, about 10 days to about 21 days, about 14 days to about 17 days, about 14 days to about 21 days, or about 17 days to about 21 days.

[182] In aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 5 weeks, about 6 weeks, about 7 weeks, or about 8 weeks. In other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least

4 weeks, at least 5 weeks, at least 6 weeks, at least 7 weeks, or at least 8 weeks. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 week, at most 2 weeks, at most 3 weeks, at most 4 weeks, at most 5 weeks, at most 6 weeks, at most 7 weeks, or at most 8 weeks. In other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 week to about 2 weeks, about 1 week to about 3 weeks, about 1 week to about 4 weeks, about 1 week to about 5 weeks, about 1 week to about 6 weeks, about 1 week to about 7 weeks, about 1 week to about 8 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks, or about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks.

[183] In aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, or about 12 months. In other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 3 months, at least 4 months, at least 5 months, at least 6 months, at least 7 months, at least 8 months, at least 9 months, at least 10 months, at least 11 months, or at least 12 months. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 3 months, at most 4 months, at most 5 months, at most 6 months, at most 7 months, at most 8 months, at most 9 months, at most 10 months, at most 11 months, or at most 12 months. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a first period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 3 months to about 4 months, about 3 months to about 5 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 7 months, about 3 months to about 8 months, about 3 months to about 9 months, about 3 months to about 10 months, about 3 months to about 11 months, about 3 months to about 12 months, about 4 months to about 5 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 7 months, about 4 months to about 8 months, about 4 months to about 9 months, about 4 months to about 10 months, about 4 months to about 11 months, about 4 months to about 12 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 7 months, about 5 months to about 8 months, about 5 months to about 9 months, about 5 months to about 10 months, about 5 months to about 11 months, about 5 months to about 12 months, about 6 months to about 7 months, about 6 months to about 8 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 6 months to about 10 months, about 6 months to about 11 months, about 6 months to about 12 months, about 7 months to about 8 months, about 7 months to about 9 months, about 7 months to about 10 months, about 7 months to about 11 months, about 7 months to about 12 months, about 8 months to about 9 months, about 8 months to about 10 months, about 8 months to about 11 months, about 8 months to about 12 months, about 9 months to about 10 months, about 9 months to about 11 months, about 9 months to about 12 months, about 10 months to about 11 months, about 10 months to about 12 months, or about 11 months to about 12 months. [184] A second treatment protocol according to a method or use disclosed herein is administered to an individual for a second period of time. A second period of time is generally defined as duration of time sufficient to achieve a desired therapeutic effect of a second treatment protocol. Non-limiting examples of a desired therapeutic effect of a second treatment protocol include reducing or eliminating the availability of cellular energy required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the availability of material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the bioavailability of glucose required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the bioavailability of lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or inhibiting glycolysis in cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting glucose uptake by cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting lipid uptake by cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting cell division of cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting cell growth of cancer cells, promoting or enhancing mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in cancer cells, promoting or enhancing death of cancer cells, or any combination thereof.

[185] In aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 8 days, about 9 days, about 10 days, about 11 days, about 12 days, about 13 days, about 14 days, about 15 days, about 16 days, about 17 days, about 18 days, about 19 days, about 20 days, or about 21 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, at least 15 days, at least 16 days, at least 17 days, at least 18 days, at least 19 days, at least 20 days, or at least 21 days. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 day, at most 2 days, at most 3 days, at most 4 days, at most 5 days, at most 6 days, at most 7 days, at most 8 days, at most 9 days, at most 10 days, at most 11 days, at most 12 days, at most 13 days, at most 14 days, at most 15 days, at most 16 days, at most 17 days, at most 18 days, at most 19 days, at most 20 days, or at most 21 days. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 day to about 7 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 17 days, about 1 day to about 21 days, about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 10 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 17 days, about 3 days to about 21 days, about 7 days to about 10 days, about 7 days to about 14 days, about 7 days to about 17 days, about 7 days to about 21 days, about 10 days to about 14 days, about 10 days to about 17 days, about 10 days to about 21 days, about 14 days to about 17 days, about 14 days to about 21 days, or about 17 days to about 21 days.

[186] In aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 5 weeks, about 6 weeks, about 7 weeks, or about 8 weeks. In other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least 4 weeks, at least 5 weeks, at least 6 weeks, at least 7 weeks, or at least 8 weeks. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 week, at most 2 weeks, at most 3 weeks, at most 4 weeks, at most 5 weeks, at most 6 weeks, at most 7 weeks, or at most 8 weeks. In other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 week to about 2 weeks, about 1 week to about 3 weeks, about 1 week to about 4 weeks, about 1 week to about 5 weeks, about 1 week to about 6 weeks, about 1 week to about 7 weeks, about 1 week to about 8 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks, or about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks.

[187] In aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, or about 12 months. In other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 3 months, at least 4 months, at least 5 months, at least 6 months, at least 7 months, at least 8 months, at least 9 months, at least 10 months, at least 11 months, or at least 12 months. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 3 months, at most 4 months, at most 5 months, at most 6 months, at most 7 months, at most 8 months, at most 9 months, at most 10 months, at most 11 months, or at most 12 months. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 3 months to about 4 months, about 3 months to about 5 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 7 months, about 3 months to about 8 months, about 3 months to about 9 months, about 3 months to about 10 months, about 3 months to about 11 months, about 3 months to about 12 months, about 4 months to about 5 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 7 months, about 4 months to about 8 months, about 4 months to about 9 months, about 4 months to about 10 months, about 4 months to about 11 months, about 4 months to about 12 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 7 months, about 5 months to about 8 months, about 5 months to about 9 months, about 5 months to about 10 months, about 5 months to about 11 months, about

5 months to about 12 months, about 6 months to about 7 months, about 6 months to about 8 months, about

6 months to about 9 months, about 6 months to about 10 months, about 6 months to about 11 months, about 6 months to about 12 months, about 7 months to about 8 months, about 7 months to about 9 months, about 7 months to about 10 months, about 7 months to about 11 months, about 7 months to about 12 months, about 8 months to about 9 months, about 8 months to about 10 months, about 8 months to about 11 months, about 8 months to about 12 months, about 9 months to about 10 months, about 9 months to about 11 months, about 9 months to about 12 months, about 10 months to about 11 months, about 10 months to about 12 months, or about 11 months to about 12 months.

[188] In aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 year, about 2 years, about 3 years, about 4 years, about 5 years, about 6 years, about 7 years, or about 8 years. In other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 year, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, at least

4 years, at least 5 years, at least 6 years, at least 7 years, or at least 8 years. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 year, at most 2 years, at most 3 years, at most 4 years, at most 5 years, at most 6 years, at most 7 years, or at most 8 years. In other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 year to about 2 years, about 1 year to about 3 years, about 1 year to about 4 years, about 1 year to about 5 years, about 1 year to about 6 years, about 1 year to about 7 years, about 1 year to about 8 years, about 2 years to about 3 years, about 2 years to about 4 years, about 2 years to about 5 years, about 2 years to about 6 years, about 2 years to about 7 years, about 2 years to about 8 years, about 3 years to about 4 years, about 3 years to about 5 years, about 3 years to about 6 years, about 3 years to about 7 years, about 3 years to about 8 years, about 4 years to about 5 years, about 4 years to about 6 years, about 4 years to about 7 years, about 4 years to about 8 years, about

5 years to about 6 years, about 5 years to about 7 years, about 5 years to about 8 years, about 6 years to about 7 years, about 6 years to about 8 years, or about 6 years to about 8 years.

[189] In aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be unending or perpetual. In such aspects, the first treatment cycle does not end and a subsequent treatment cycle is never initiated.

[190] In aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can continue until a healthcare professional determined that the second treatment protocol can be stopped. In other aspects of this embodiment, a second period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can continue until treatment of the cancer is stopped or no longer needed.

[191] A third treatment protocol according to a method or use disclosed herein is administered to an individual for a third period of time. A third period of time is generally defined as a duration of time sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic effect of a third treatment protocol. Non-limiting examples of a desired therapeutic effect of a third treatment protocol include reducing or eliminating the availability of cellular energy required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the availability of material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the bioavailability of glucose required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or eliminating the bioavailability of lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reducing or inhibiting glycolysis in cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting glucose uptake by cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting lipid uptake by cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting cell division of cancer cells, reducing or inhibiting cell growth of cancer cells, promoting or enhancing mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in cancer cells, promoting or enhancing death of cancer cells, or any combination thereof.

[192] In aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 8 days, about 9 days, about 10 days, about 11 days, about 12 days, about 13 days, about 14 days, about 15 days, about 16 days, about 17 days, about 18 days, about 19 days, about 20 days, or about 21 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least

6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, at least 15 days, at least 16 days, at least 17 days, at least 18 days, at least 19 days, at least 20 days, or at least 21 days. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 day, at most 2 days, at most

3 days, at most 4 days, at most 5 days, at most 6 days, at most 7 days, at most 8 days, at most 9 days, at most 10 days, at most 11 days, at most 12 days, at most 13 days, at most 14 days, at most 15 days, at most 16 days, at most 17 days, at most 18 days, at most 19 days, at most 20 days, or at most 21 days. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 day to about 7 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 17 days, about 1 day to about 21 days, about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 10 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 17 days, about 3 days to about 21 days, about 7 days to about 10 days, about 7 days to about 14 days, about 7 days to about 17 days, about

7 days to about 21 days, about 10 days to about 14 days, about 10 days to about 17 days, about 10 days to about 21 days, about 14 days to about 17 days, about 14 days to about 21 days, or about 17 days to about 21 days.

[193] In aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks, about 5 weeks, about 6 weeks, about 7 weeks, or about 8 weeks. In other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least

4 weeks, at least 5 weeks, at least 6 weeks, at least 7 weeks, or at least 8 weeks. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 week, at most 2 weeks, at most 3 weeks, at most 4 weeks, at most 5 weeks, at most 6 weeks, at most 7 weeks, or at most 8 weeks. In other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 week to about 2 weeks, about 1 week to about 3 weeks, about 1 week to about 4 weeks, about 1 week to about 5 weeks, about 1 week to about 6 weeks, about 1 week to about 7 weeks, about 1 week to about 8 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks, or about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks.

[194] In aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, or about 12 months. In other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 3 months, at least 4 months, at least 5 months, at least 6 months, at least 7 months, at least 8 months, at least 9 months, at least 10 months, at least 11 months, or at least 12 months. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 3 months, at most 4 months, at most 5 months, at most 6 months, at most 7 months, at most 8 months, at most 9 months, at most 10 months, at most 11 months, or at most 12 months. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 3 months to about 4 months, about 3 months to about 5 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 7 months, about 3 months to about 8 months, about 3 months to about 9 months, about 3 months to about 10 months, about 3 months to about 11 months, about 3 months to about 12 months, about 4 months to about 5 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 7 months, about 4 months to about 8 months, about 4 months to about 9 months, about 4 months to about 10 months, about 4 months to about 11 months, about 4 months to about 12 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 7 months, about 5 months to about 8 months, about 5 months to about 9 months, about 5 months to about 10 months, about 5 months to about 11 months, about 5 months to about 12 months, about 6 months to about 7 months, about 6 months to about 8 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 6 months to about 10 months, about 6 months to about 11 months, about 6 months to about 12 months, about 7 months to about 8 months, about 7 months to about 9 months, about 7 months to about 10 months, about 7 months to about 11 months, about 7 months to about 12 months, about 8 months to about 9 months, about 8 months to about 10 months, about 8 months to about 11 months, about 8 months to about 12 months, about 9 months to about 10 months, about 9 months to about 11 months, about 9 months to about 12 months, about 10 months to about 11 months, about 10 months to about 12 months, or about 11 months to about 12 months.

[195] In aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 year, about 2 years, about 3 years, about 4 years, about 5 years, about 6 years, about 7 years, or about 8 years. In other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1 year, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, at least 4 years, at least 5 years, at least 6 years, at least 7 years, or at least 8 years. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1 year, at most 2 years, at most 3 years, at most 4 years, at most 5 years, at most 6 years, at most 7 years, or at most 8 years. In other aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1 year to about 2 years, about 1 year to about 3 years, about 1 year to about 4 years, about 1 year to about 5 years, about 1 year to about 6 years, about 1 year to about 7 years, about 1 year to about 8 years, about 2 years to about 3 years, about 2 years to about 4 years, about 2 years to about 5 years, about 2 years to about 6 years, about 2 years to about 7 years, about 2 years to about 8 years, about 3 years to about 4 years, about 3 years to about 5 years, about 3 years to about 6 years, about 3 years to about 7 years, about 3 years to about 8 years, about 4 years to about 5 years, about 4 years to about 6 years, about 4 years to about 7 years, about 4 years to about 8 years, about 5 years to about 6 years, about 5 years to about 7 years, about 5 years to about 8 years, about 6 years to about 7 years, about 6 years to about 8 years, or about 6 years to about 8 years.

[196] In aspects of this embodiment, a third period of time according to a method or use disclosed herein can be, unending. In such aspects, the first treatment cycle does not end and a subsequent treatment cycle is never initiated.

[197] The period of time between the first and second treatment protocols and the period of time between the second and third treatment protocols is not therapeutically significant. As such, there is not a period of non-treatment between the first and second treatment protocols and between the second and third treatment protocols. A period of non-treatment is defined as the period of time where an amount of a therapeutic compound or nutritional supplement disclosed herein falls below a threshold level of therapeutic effectiveness. Thus, the second treatment protocol occurs right after the first treatment protocol ends, and the third treatment protocol occurs right after the second treatment protocol ends. In aspects of this embodiment, the period of time between the first and second treatment protocols of a method or use disclosed herein is, e.g., at most 1 day, at most 2 days, at most 3 days, at most 4 days, at most 5 days, at most 6 days, or at most 7 days. In aspects of this embodiment, the period of time between the second and third treatment protocols of a method or use disclosed herein is, e.g., at most 1 day, at most 2 days, at most 3 days, at most 4 days, at most 5 days, at most 6 days, or at most 7 days.

[198] Administration of the first and second treatment protocols, and the third treatment protocol if included according to a method or use disclosed herein, define a treatment cycle. Once an individual completes a treatment cycle, the individual undergoes a further treatment cycle comprising the first and second treatment protocols, and the third treatment protocol if included, and so on. As such, the disclosed methods and uses comprise a plurality of treatment cycles with each treatment cycle including administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol and administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol, and if included administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol.

[199] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a method or use of treating cancer disclosed herein comprises, e.g., at least 2 treatment cycles, at least 3 treatment cycles, at least 4 treatment cycles, at least 5 treatment cycles, at least 6 treatment cycles, at least 7 treatment cycles, at least 8 treatment cycles, at least 9 treatment cycles, at least 10 treatment cycles, at least 11 treatment cycles, at least 12 treatment cycles, at least 13 treatment cycles, at least 14 treatment cycles, or at least 15 treatment cycles. In other aspects of this embodiment, a method or use of treating cancer disclosed herein comprises, e.g., at least 20 treatment cycles, at least 30 treatment cycles, at least 40 treatment cycles, at least 50 treatment cycles, at least 60 treatment cycles, at least 70 treatment cycles, at least 80 treatment cycles, at least 90 treatment cycles, at least 100 treatment cycles, at least 110 treatment cycles, at least 120 treatment cycles, at least 130 treatment cycles, at least 140 treatment cycles, or at least 150 treatment cycles.

[200] In other aspects ofthis embodiment, a method or use of treating cancer disclosed herein comprises an unending number of treatment cycles. In such aspects, a treatment cycle of a method or use disclosed herein is continuously repeated and does not stop, unless such cessation is determined to be advantageous to the individual undergoing the treatment.

[201] A method or use of treating a cancer is performed to an individual. An individual is typically a human being, but can be an animal, including, but not limited to, dogs, cats, birds, cattle, horses, sheep, goats, reptiles and other animals, whether domesticated or not. Typically, any individual who is a candidate for treatment is a candidate with some form of cancer, whether the cancer is benign or malignant, a tumor, solid or otherwise, a cancer not located within a tumor or some other form of cancer. Pre-operative evaluation typically includes routine history and physical examination in addition to thorough informed consent disclosing all relevant risks and benefits of the procedure. [202] A therapeutic compound and a nutritional supplement disclosed herein are typically administered in a therapeutically effective amount. As used herein, the term “effective amount” is synonymous with “therapeutically effective amount”, “effective dose”, or “therapeutically effective dose”. In some embodiments, therapeutically effective amount is the minimum dose of a therapeutic compound or a nutritional supplement disclosed herein necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect in a cancer treatment, and includes a dose sufficient reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or eliminate the availability of material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or inhibit glycolysis in cancer cells, reduce or inhibit glucose uptake by cancer cells, reduce or inhibit lipid uptake by cancer cells, reduce or inhibit cell division of cancer cells, reduce or inhibit cell growth of cancer cells, promote or enhance mitochondrial- directed apoptosis in cancer cells, promote or enhance death of cancer cells, or any combination thereof. The effectiveness of a therapeutic compound and a nutritional supplement disclosed herein can be determined by observing an improvement in an individual based upon one or more clinical symptoms, and/or physiological indicators associated with treating cancer in an individual. An improvement in an individual with cancer can also be indicated by a reduced need for a concurrent therapy.

[203] In some embodiments, therapeutically effective amount is the minimum dose of a plurality of therapeutic compounds contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein and/or a plurality of nutritional supplement contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect in a cancer treatment, and includes a dose sufficient reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or eliminate the availability of material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability, reduce or inhibit glycolysis in cancer cells, reduce or inhibit glucose uptake by cancer cells, reduce or inhibit lipid uptake by cancer cells, reduce or inhibit cell division of cancer cells, reduce or inhibit cell growth of cancer cells, promote or enhance mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in cancer cells, promote or enhance death of cancer cells, or any combination thereof. The effectiveness of a plurality of therapeutic compounds contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein and/or a plurality of nutritional supplement contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein can be determined by observing an improvement in an individual based upon one or more clinical symptoms, and/or physiological indicators associated with treating cancer in an individual. An improvement in an individual with cancer can also be indicated by a reduced need for a concurrent therapy. [204] The appropriate effective amount of a plurality of therapeutic compounds contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein and/or a plurality of nutritional supplement contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein to be administered to treat a cancer of an individual can be determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art by taking into account factors, including, without limitation, the type of cancer, the particular physiological conditions or symptoms associated with the cancer, the cause of the cancer, the severity of the cancer, the degree of relief desired for the cancer, the duration of relief desired for the cancer, the particular therapeutic compounds used, the half-life of the particular therapeutic compounds used, the rate of excretion of the particular therapeutic compounds used, the pharmacodynamics of the particulartherapeutic compounds used, the particular nutritional supplements used, the half-life of the particular nutritional supplements used, the rate of excretion of the particular nutritional supplements used, the pharmacodynamics of the particular nutritional supplements used, the frequency of administration, the particular route of administration used, the use and type of concurrent therapy, the use and type of other cancer drugs, the particular characteristics, history and risk factors of the individual, such as, e.g., age, weight, general health and the like, or any combination thereof. It is known by a person of ordinary skill in the art that an effective amount of a plurality of therapeutic compounds contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein and/or a plurality of nutritional supplement contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein can be extrapolated from in-vitro assays and in-vivo administration studies using animal models prior to administration to humans. In addition, variations in the necessary effective amount are to be expected in view of the differing efficiencies of the various routes of administration. For instance, oral administration of a therapeutic compound disclosed herein generally would be expected to require higher dosage levels than intravenous administration. Similarly, systemic administration of a therapeutic compound disclosed herein would be expected to require higher dosage levels than a local administration. Variations in these dosage levels can be adjusted using standard empirical routines of optimization, which are well-known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. One skilled in the art will also recognize that the condition of the individual can be monitored throughout the course of a method or use disclosed herein and that the effective amount of a plurality of therapeutic compounds contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein and/or a plurality of nutritional supplement contained in a first, second and third treatment protocol disclosed herein that is administered can be adjusted accordingly. Thus, the precise therapeutically effective dosage levels and patterns are preferably determined by the attending healthcare professional in consideration of the above-identified factors.

[205] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a neoplasm. Neoplasms can be divided into four main groups: benign neoplasms, in situ neoplasms, malignant neoplasms, and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior. A neoplasm can be benign, potentially malignant, or malignant (/.e., cancer). A benign neoplasm include uterine fibroids, osteophytes and melanocytic nevi (skin moles). Potentially- malignant neoplasms are localized, do not invade or destroy surrounding tissue but have the potential to transform into a malignant neoplasm. Potentially-malignant neoplasms include carcinoma in situ. Malignant neoplasms are commonly called cancer. They invade and destroy the surrounding tissue, may metastasis and, if untreated or unresponsive to treatment, will generally prove fatal. Secondary neoplasm refers to any of a class of cancer that is either a metastatic offshoot of a primary tumor, or an apparently unrelated tumor that increases in frequency following certain cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Rarely there can be a metastatic neoplasm with no known site of the primary cancer and this is classed as a cancer of unknown primary origin.

[206] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a cancer. Cancer, or malignant neoplasm, is a large group of diseases involving uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells. A cancer can be a primary cancer, the initial or original malignant neoplastic disease, or a metastatic cancer, a malignant neoplasm deriving from a primary cancer that spread or invaded to other parts of the body cause new malignant neoplasms. A cancer can be a solid tumor comprising an abnormal mass of tissue that usually does not contain cysts or liquid areas, or a non-solid (blood) tumor, malignant neoplasms lacking mass.

[207] Cancers are classified by the type of cell that the tumor cells resemble and is therefore presumed to be the origin of the tumor. These types include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas and leukemias, germ cell tumors, and blastomas. A carcinoma is malignancy arising from epithelial cells, including the epithelial lining that covers the surface of internal organs and glands. This group includes many of the most common cancers and include nearly all those in the bladder, brain, breast, cervical, colon, endometrium, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreas prostate, rectum, skin, small intestine, stomach, thyroid, and uterus. A sarcoma is malignancy arising from mesenchymal cells and include neoplasms derived from connective tissue such as, e.g., bone, cartilage, fat, nervous, and vascular tissue, A lymphoma or leukemia is malignancy arising from hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells that leave the marrow and tend to mature in the lymph nodes (lymphoma) and blood (leukemia). A germ cell tumor is malignancy arising from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and dysgerminoma, respectively). A blastoma is malignancy arising from immature "precursor" cells or embryonic tissue.

[208] Non-limiting examples of a cancer, whether a primary cancer or a metastatic cancer, include a basil-cell skin cancer, a bladder cancer, a brain cancer, a breast cancer, a cervical cancer, a colon cancer, an endometrial cancer, a glioblastoma, a Hodgkin's lymphoma, a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a kidney cancer, a leukemia, a lip cancer, a liver cancer, a lymphoma, a melanoma, a mesothelioma, a myeloma, a non-small cell lung cancer, a non-melanoma skin cancer, an oral cancer, an ovarian cancer, a pancreatic cancer, a prostate cancer, a rectal cancer, a sarcoma, a small cell lung cancer, a squamous cell skin cancer, and a thyroid cancer. [209] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a bone or muscle cancer including, without limitation, a chondrosarcoma, an Ewing's sarcoma, a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, an osteosarcoma, a rhabdomyosarcoma, and a heart cancer.

[210] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a brain or neuronal cancer including, without limitation, an astrocytoma, a brainstem glioma, a pilocytic astrocytoma, an ependymoma, a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, a cerebellar astrocytoma, a cerebral astrocytoma, a glioblastoma, a glioma, a medulloblastoma, a neuroblastoma, an oligodendroglioma, a pineal astrocytoma, a pituitary adenoma, and hypothalamic glioma.

[211] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a breast cancer including, without limitation, a female breast cancer, an invasive cribriform carcinoma, an invasive lobular carcinoma, a medullary carcinoma, a male breast cancer, a phyllodes tumor, and a tubular carcinoma.

[212] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes an endocrine cancer including, without limitation, an adrenocortical carcinoma, an islet cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas), a merkel cell carcinoma, a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, a parathyroid cancer, a pheochromocytoma, and a thyroid cancer.

[213] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes an eye cancer including, without limitation, a retinoblastoma and an uveal melanoma

[214] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a gastrointestinal cancer including, without limitation, an anal cancer, an appendix cancer, a cholangiocarcinoma, a colon cancer, an extrahepatic bile duct cancer, a gallbladder cancer, a gastric (stomach) cancer, a gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), a hepatocellular cancer, an islet cell cancer, a pancreatic cancer, and a rectal cancer.

[215] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a genitourinary or gynecologic cancer including, without limitation, a bladder cancer, a cervical cancer, an endometrial cancer, an extragonadal germ cell tumor, a gestational trophoblastic cancer, an ovarian cancer, an ovarian epithelial cancer (surface epithelial- stromal tumor), an ovarian germ cell cancer, a penile cancer, a renal cell carcinoma, a prostate cancer, a transitional cell cancer (renal pelvis to ureter or ureter and renal pelvis), a testicular cancer, an urethral cancer, an uterine sarcoma, a vaginal cancer, a vulvar cancer, and a Wilms tumor.

[216] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a head and neck cancer including, without limitation, an esophageal cancer, a head cancer, a hypopharyngeal cancer, a neck cancer, a nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an oral cancer, an oropharyngeal cancer, a paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, a pharyngeal cancer, a salivary gland cancer

[217] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a hematopoietic cancer including, without limitation, an acute biphenotypic leukemia, an acute eosinophilic leukemia, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia, an acute myeloid leukemia, an acute myeloid dendritic cell leukemia, an AIDS-related lymphoma, an anaplastic large cell lymphoma, an angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, a B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a Burkitt's lymphoma, a chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a chronic myelogenous leukemia, a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a follicular lymphoma, a hairy cell leukemia, a hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, a Hodgkin's lymphoma, an intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, a large granular lymphocytic leukemia, a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, a lymphomatoid granulomatosis, a mantle cell lymphoma, a marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, a mast cell leukemia, a mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, a multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm, a myelodysplastic syndrome, a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, a mycosis fungoides lymphoma, a nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia, a primary central nervous system lymphoma, a primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma, a primary cutaneous immunocytoma, a primary effusion lymphoma, a plasmablastic lymphoma, a Sezary syndrome, a splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and a T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.

[218] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a skin cancer including, without limitation, a basal cell carcinoma, a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans sarcoma, a melanoma, a Merkel cell carcinoma, a sebaceous carcinoma, a skin adnexal tumor, and a squamous cell carcinoma.

[219] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a thoracic or respiratory cancer including, without limitation, a bronchial adenoma/carcinoid, a laryngeal cancer, a mesothelioma, a non-small cell lung cancer, a pleuropulmonary blastoma, a small cell lung cancer, a thymoma, and a thymic carcinoma.

[220] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes a HIV/AIDS related cancer including, without limitation, a AIDS-related cancer and a Kaposi sarcoma.

[221] In aspects of this embodiment, a cancer includes an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), a desmoplastic small round cell tumor, and a liposarcoma.

[222] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a kit. A kit disclosed herein conveniently packages the necessary components to practice a method or use disclosed herein. Typically, a kit disclosed herein will contain a plurality of therapeutic compounds and/or a plurality of nutritional supplements required to appropriately administer a first, second, and, if provided, third treatment protocol to an individual. The therapeutic compounds and/or nutritional supplements contained in a kit disclosed herein can be packaged in any manner suitable for administration, so long as the packaging clearly indicates the manner in which each of the therapeutic compounds and/or nutritional supplements is to be administered. For example, each of the plurality of therapeutic compounds and/or nutritional supplements can be packaged as individual or separate dosage forms. Alternatively, each of the plurality of therapeutic compounds and/or nutritional supplements can be packaged according to which treatment protocol each is to be administered. The package can be a container, for instance, without limitation, a bottle, a canister, a tube or other enclosed vessel. The package can also be a packet, such as bag or a blister pack.

[223] In one embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein and a plurality of therapeutic compounds required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy and material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein and a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy and material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein and a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein.

[224] In one embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein and a plurality of nutritional supplements required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy and material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein and a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy and material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein and a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein.

[225] In one embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a plurality of nutritional supplements required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy and material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy and material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce or eliminate the availability of cellular energy and material resources required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce or eliminate the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, including fats and cholesterol, required by cancer cells to maintain their viability required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein,

[226] In one embodiment, a kit comprises a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein.

[227] In one embodiment, a kit comprises a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, and an antibiotic nutritional supplement required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In aspect of this embodiment, a kit comprises an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, and an antibiotic nutritional supplement required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In other aspect of this embodiment, a kit comprises a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, and an astaxanthin required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein. In yet other aspect of this embodiment, a kit comprises a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, and an astaxanthin required fora second treatment protocol disclosed herein.

[228] In one embodiment, a kit comprises a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement and a cannabinoid required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid required fora second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein. In other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a berberine, a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a Vitamin B3, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a kit comprises a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline required for a first treatment protocol disclosed herein, a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol required for a second treatment protocol disclosed herein, and a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin and a cannabidiol required for a third treatment protocol disclosed herein.

[229] A kit disclosed herein can also comprise a set of instructions. The instructions may include information useful to the end user such as, e.g., which therapeutic compounds and/or nutritional supplements belong a particular therapeutic protocol, how to administer the first, second and third therapeutic protocols, or how often a particular therapeutic protocol is administered,

[230] A kit disclosed herein can comprise other components. For example, a kit disclosed herein can further include containers comprising a solvent, such as, e.g., water or a buffered solution, e.g. saline. A solvent disclosed herein is useful to reconstitute a dried pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. [231] The contents of the kit disclosed herein, including a container, therapeutic compounds, nutritional supplements, and instructions disclosed herein, are enclosed in an outer casing. The outer casing can be a box, a sealed bag, a foil pouch, etc. In certain embodiments, the delivery system, container and instructions are enclosed in a box. In other embodiments of the kit, the container and instructions are contained in a first box, the delivery system is contained in a second box, and the first and second boxes are contained together in a third box.

[232] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:

1. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols.

2. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols.

3. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 3, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 3 or 4, wherein in step (b) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-5, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-6, wherein in step (b) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-7, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-8, wherein in step (b) the therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-9, wherein the first period of time is about 1 month to about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 10, wherein the first period of time is about 2 months. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-9, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month to about 6 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 12, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 12, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 12, wherein the second period of time is about 3 months. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used afterthe first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

19. The plurality of therapeutic compounds according to embodiments 16-18, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-15.

20. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

21. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

22. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used afterthe first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

23. The use according to embodiments 20-22, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-15.

[233] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows: A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 3, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 3 or 4, wherein in step (b) the nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-5, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-6, wherein in step (b) the nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-7, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 3-8, wherein in step (b) the nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the third treatment protocol occurring after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 12, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 12 or 13, wherein in step (b) the nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 12-14, wherein in step (c) the nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of GLUT1 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that sequesters glucose circulating in the blood, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 12-15, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a therapeutic compound that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 12-16, wherein in step (b) the nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 12-17, wherein in step (c) the nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid metabolism of a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that sequesters lipids circulating in the blood, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of CD36 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that decreases the number of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors present on the surface of cancer cells, a nutritional supplement that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 12-18, wherein in step (a) the therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell includes a therapeutic compound that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 12-19, wherein in step (b) the nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 12-20, wherein in step (c) the nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell includes a nutritional supplement that that reduces the threshold of mitochondrial-directed apoptotic in cancer cells. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -21 , wherein the first period of time is about 1 weeks to about 4 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 22, wherein the first period of time is about 2 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -23, wherein the second period of time is about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 24, wherein the second period of time is about 9 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 10-25, wherein the third period of time is about 5 days to about 10 days. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 26, wherein the third period of time is about 1 week. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 28-30, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-9 or 22-25. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial-directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The use according to embodiments 32-34, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-9 or 22-25. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that the bioavailability of glucose and lipids; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial- directed apoptosis in a cancer cell; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements includes a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial- directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements includes a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial- directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 36-38, wherein the use is according to embodiments 10-27. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the cellular energy and material resources needed by cancer cells to maintain their viability, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

41 . Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds are ones that the bioavailability of glucose and lipids; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements are ones that reduce the bioavailability of glucose and lipids, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

42. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a therapeutic compound that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a therapeutic compound that promotes or enhances mitochondrial- directed apoptosis in a cancer cell; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements includes a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial- directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements includes a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glycolysis of a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits glucose uptake by a cancer cell, a nutritional supplement that reduces or inhibits lipid uptake by a cancer cell, and a nutritional supplement that promotes or enhances mitochondrial- directed apoptosis in a cancer cell, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

43. The use according to embodiments 40-42, wherein the use is according to embodiments 10-27.

[234] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:

1 . A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes an insulin sensitizer. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic agent includes an insulin sensitizer. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein in step (a) the hypolipidemic includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein in step (b) the hypolipidemic includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4-7, wherein in step (a) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes an antihelmintic agent. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 or 3-7, wherein in step (b) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes an antihelmintic agent. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, or 4-9, wherein in step (a) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2 or 4-9, wherein in step (b) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-11 , wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes a biguanide. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-12, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic agent includes a biguanide. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic agent includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4, 5, or 8-15, wherein in step

(a) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a benzimidazole. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3-6, or 8-15, wherein in step

(b) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a benzimidazole. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, 4-8, or 10-17, wherein in step (a) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a tetracycline-based antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4-8, or 10-17, wherein in step (a) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a tetracycline-based antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof.. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic agent includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof.. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-21 , wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-22, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic agent includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4, 5, 8-13, or 16-23, wherein in step (a) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a mebendazole. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3-6, 8-14, or 16-23, wherein in step (b) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a mebendazole. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, 4-8, 10-15, or 18-26, wherein in step (a) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a doxycycline. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4-8, 10-16, or 18-26, wherein in step (b) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a doxycycline. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-27, wherein the first period of time is about 1 month to about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 28, wherein the first period of time is about 2 months. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -29, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month to about 6 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 30, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 30, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 30, wherein the second period of time is about 3 months. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. The plurality of therapeutic compounds according to embodiments 34-36, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-33. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. The use according to embodiments 38-40, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-33. [235] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:

1 . A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

2. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

3. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

4. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes an insulin sensitizer. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-8, wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-9, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-10, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-11 , wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4, 5 or 7-12, wherein in step (a) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes an antihelmintic agent. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, 4, 6-12, wherein in step (a) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein in step (b) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-15, wherein in step (c) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-16, wherein in step (b) the antibiotic nutritional supplement includes a keto-carotenoid. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-17, wherein in step (c) the antibiotic nutritional supplement includes a keto-carotenoid. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein in step (b) the cannabinoid includes a phytocannabinoid, an endocannabinoid, a synthetic cannabinoid, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-19, wherein in step (c) the cannabinoid includes a phytocannabinoid, an endocannabinoid, a synthetic cannabinoid, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes a biguanide. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-22, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-23, wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-24, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-25, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a niacin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-26, wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a niacin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4, 5, 7-12, or 15-27, wherein in step (b) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a mebendazole. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, 4, 6-12, or 15-27, wherein in step (a) the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic includes a doxycycline. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-29, wherein in step (b) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-30, wherein in step (c) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-31 , wherein in step (b) the antibiotic nutritional supplement includes an astaxanthin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-32, wherein in step (c) the antibiotic nutritional supplement includes an astaxanthin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-33, wherein in step (b) the cannabinoid includes a phytocannabinoid. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-34, wherein in step (c) the cannabinoid includes a phytocannabinoid. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-35, wherein the first period of time is about 1 weeks to about 4 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 36, wherein the first period of time is about 2 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -37, wherein the second period of time is about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 38, wherein the second period of time is about 9 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-39, wherein the third period of time is about 5 days to about 10 days. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 40, wherein the third period of time is about 1 week. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 42-44, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3, 7, 8, 10, 11 , 13-15, 17, 19, 21- 23, 25, 26, 28-30, 32, 34, or 36-39. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The use according to embodiments 46-48, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3, 7, 8, 10, 11 , 13-15, 17, 19, 21-23, 25, 26, 28-30, 32, 34, or 36-39. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 50-52, wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-41 . Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

56. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a cannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

57. The use according to embodiments 54-56, wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-41 .

[236] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:

1 . A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols.

2. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein in step (a) the insulin sensitizer includes a biguanide. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein in step (b) the insulin sensitizer includes a biguanide. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 4 or 5, wherein the biguanide includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein in step (a) the hypolipidemic includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein in step (b) the hypolipidemic includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 7 or 8, wherein the statin includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, or 4-9, wherein in step (a) the antihelmintic agent includes a benzimidazole. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 or 3-9, wherein in step (b) the antihelmintic agent includes a benzimidazole. The method of treating cancer according to embodiments 10 or 11 , wherein the benzimidazole includes an albendazole, a ciclobendazole, a fenbendazole, a flubendazole, a mebendazole, a thiabendazole, a triclabendazole, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, or 4-12, wherein in step (a) the tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic includes a tetracycline-based antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2 or 4-12, wherein in step (b) the tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic includes a tetracycline-based antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to embodiments 13 or 14, wherein the tetracycline-based antibiotic includes a chlortetracycline, a clomocycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, an eravacycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a metacycline, a minocycline, an omadacycline, an oxytetracycline, a penimepicycline, a rolitetracycline, a sarecycline, a tetracycline, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-15, wherein the first period of time is about 1 month to about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 16, wherein the first period of time is about 2 months. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month to about 6 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 18, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 18, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 18, wherein the second period of time is about 3 months. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. The plurality of therapeutic compounds according to embodiments 22-24, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-21 . Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. The use according to embodiments 26-28, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-21 . [237] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:

1. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

2. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

3. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

4. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein in step (a) the insulin sensitizer includes a biguanide. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein in step (a) the insulin sensitizer includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-9, wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-10, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes a statin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-10, wherein in step (a) the hypoglycemic agent includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-12, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-13, wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4, 5 or 7-14, wherein in step

(a) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes an antihelmintic agent. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4, 5 or 7-14, wherein in step

(b) the tubulin polymerization inhibitor includes a benzimidazole. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, 4, 6-16, wherein in step (a) the tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic includes a tetracycline-based antibiotic. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, 4, 6-16, wherein in step (a) the tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic includes a chlortetracycline, a clomocycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, an eravacycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a metacycline, a minocycline, an omadacycline, an oxytetracycline, a penimepicycline, a rolitetracycline, a sarecycline, a tetracycline, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein in step (b) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-19, wherein in step (c) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein in step (b) the keto- carotenoid includes an astaxanthin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-21 , wherein in step (c) the antibiotic nutritional supplement includes a keto-carotenoid includes an astaxanthin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-22, wherein in step (b) the phytocannabinoid includes a tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabidiol, a cannabinol, a cannabigerol, a tetrahydrocannabivarin, a cannabidivarin, a cannabichromene, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-23, wherein in step (c) the phytocannabinoid includes a tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabidiol, a cannabinol, a cannabigerol, a tetrahydrocannabivarin, a cannabidivarin, a cannabichromene, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-24, wherein the first period of time is about 1 weeks to about 4 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 25, wherein the first period of time is about 2 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -26, wherein the second period of time is about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 27, wherein the second period of time is about 9 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-28, wherein the third period of time is about 5 days to about 10 days. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 39, wherein the third period of time is about 1 week. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes an insulin sensitizer, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 31-33, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3, 7-9, 11-13, 15-19, 21 , 23, 25- 28. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The use according to embodiments 35-37, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3, 7-9, 11- 13, 15-19, 21 , 23, 25-28. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 39-41 , wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-30. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, an antihelmintic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

44. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and an antihelmintic agent; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

45. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, and a tetracyclic polyketide antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, an antibiotic nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

46. The use according to embodiments 43-45, wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-30.

[238] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows: A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein in step (a) the biguanide includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein in step (b) the biguanide includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -5, wherein in step (a) the statin includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -6, wherein in step (b) the statin includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, or 4-7, wherein in step (a) the benzimidazole includes an albendazole, a ciclobendazole, a fenbendazole, a flubendazole, a mebendazole, a thiabendazole, a triclabendazole, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 or 3-7, wherein in step (b) the benzimidazole includes an albendazole, a ciclobendazole, a fenbendazole, a flubendazole, a mebendazole, a thiabendazole, a triclabendazole, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, or 4-9, wherein in step (a) the tetracycline-based antibiotic includes a chlortetracycline, a clomocycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, an eravacycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a metacycline, a minocycline, an omadacycline, an oxytetracycline, a penimepicycline, a rolitetracycline, a sarecycline, a tetracycline, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2 or 4-9, wherein in step (b) the tetracycline-based antibiotic includes a chlortetracycline, a clomocycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, an eravacycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a metacycline, a minocycline, an omadacycline, an oxytetracycline, a penimepicycline, a rolitetracycline, a sarecycline, a tetracycline, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-11 , wherein the first period of time is about 1 month to about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 12, wherein the first period of time is about 2 months. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month to about 6 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 14, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 14, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 14, wherein the second period of time is about 3 months. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline- based antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. The plurality of therapeutic compounds according to embodiments 18-20, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-17. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. 24. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline- based antibiotic; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

25. The use according to embodiments 22-24, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-17.

[239] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:

1 . A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

2. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

3. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein in step (a) the includes a buformin, a chlorproguanil, a metformin, a phenformin, a proguanil, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-8, wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes berberine, cinnamon, thiamine, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -9, wherein in step (a) the statin includes an atorvastatin, a cerivastatin, a fluvastatin, a lovastatin, a mevastatin, a pitavastatin, a pravastatin, a rosuvastatin, a simvastatin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-10, wherein in step (b) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-11 , wherein in step (c) the hypoglycemic nutritional supplement includes a Vitamin B3, an omega fatty acid, a phytosterol, a vitamin D, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 4, 5, or 7-12, wherein in step (a) the benzimidazole includes an albendazole, a ciclobendazole, a fenbendazole, a flubendazole, a mebendazole, a thiabendazole, a triclabendazole, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 , 3, 4, 6-12, wherein in step (a) the tetracycline-based antibiotic includes a chlortetracycline, a clomocycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, an eravacycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a metacycline, a minocycline, an omadacycline, an oxytetracycline, a penimepicycline, a rolitetracycline, a sarecycline, a tetracycline, or any combination thereof.. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein in step (b) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-15, wherein in step (c) the antihelmintic nutritional supplement includes a boswellia, a curcumin, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-16, wherein in step (b) the keto- carotenoid nutritional supplement includes an astaxanthin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-17, wherein in step (c) the keto- carotenoid nutritional supplement includes an astaxanthin. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein in step (b) the phytocannabinoid includes a tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabidiol, a cannabinol, a cannabigerol, a tetrahydrocannabivarin, a cannabidivarin, a cannabichromene, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-19, wherein in step (c) the phytocannabinoid includes a tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabidiol, a cannabinol, a cannabigerol, a tetrahydrocannabivarin, a cannabidivarin, a cannabichromene, or any combination thereof. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -20, wherein the first period of time is about 1 weeks to about 4 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 21 , wherein the first period of time is about 2 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1 -22, wherein the second period of time is about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 23, wherein the second period of time is about 9 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-24, wherein the third period of time is about 5 days to about 10 days. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 25, wherein the third period of time is about 1 week. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto- carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 27-29, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3, 7, 8, 10, 11 , 13-15, 17, 19, or 21-24. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto- carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The use according to embodiments 31-33, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3, 7, 8, 10, 11 , 13-15, 17, 19, or 21-24. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements includes a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 35-37, wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-26. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, a benzimidazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

40. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a benzimidazole; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

41 . Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a biguanide, a statin, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypoglycemic nutritional supplement, a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a hypolipidemic nutritional supplement, an antihelmintic nutritional supplement, a keto-carotenoid nutritional supplement, and a phytocannabinoid, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

42. The use according to embodiments 39-41 , wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-26.

[240] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows: A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a tetracycline- based antibiotic, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol; and wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the first treatment protocol contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the plurality of therapeutic compounds used in the second treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the first period of time is about 1 month to about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 4, wherein the first period of time is about 2 months. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month to about 6 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 6, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month about 3 months. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 6, wherein the second period of time is about 1 month. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 6, wherein the second period of time is about 3 months. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. A plurality of therapeutic compounds for use in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds. The plurality of therapeutic compounds according to embodiments 10-12, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-9. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a tetracycline-based antibiotic, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

15. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

16. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds in treating cancer, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a first plurality of therapeutic compounds and a second plurality of therapeutic compounds, wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline; and wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, wherein the second plurality of therapeutic compounds is used after the first plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, and wherein the first plurality of therapeutic compounds contain at least one therapeutic compound that is different from the second plurality of therapeutic compounds.

17. The use according to embodiments 14-16, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-9.

[241] Aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:

1 . A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol.

2. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, and b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a mebendazole, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. A method of treating cancer comprising one or more treatment cycles, each treatment cycle including a) administering to an individual for a first period of time a first treatment protocol comprising a plurality of therapeutic compounds, the plurality of therapeutic compounds including a metformin, an atorvastatin, and a doxycycline, b) administering to the individual for a second period of time a second treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the second treatment protocol occurs after completion of the first treatment protocol, and c) administering to the individual for a third period of time a third treatment protocol comprising a plurality of nutritional supplements, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the third treatment protocol occurs after completion of the second treatment protocol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the second treatment protocol contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the plurality of nutritional supplements used in the third treatment protocols. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the first period of time is about 1 weeks to about 4 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 7, wherein the first period of time is about 2 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the second period of time is about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 9, wherein the second period of time is about 9 weeks. The method of treating cancer according to any one of embodiments 4-10, wherein the third period of time is about 5 days to about 10 days. The method of treating cancer according to embodiment 11 , wherein the third period of time is about 1 week. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 13-15, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3 or 7-10. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements in treating cancer, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements includes a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used. The use according to embodiments 17-19, wherein the use is according to embodiments 1-3 or 7-10. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. A plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements includes a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements includes a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. The plurality of therapeutic compounds and the plurality of nutritional supplements according to embodiments 21-23, wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-12. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

27. Use of a plurality of therapeutic compounds and a plurality of nutritional supplements for use in treating cancer, the plurality of nutritional supplements including a first plurality of nutritional supplements and a second plurality of nutritional supplements, wherein the plurality of therapeutic compounds includes a metformin, an atorvastatin, a mebendazole, and a doxycycline; and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements include a berberine, a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, and wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements include a niacin, a boswellia, an astaxanthin, and a cannabidiol, wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements is used after the plurality of therapeutic compounds is used, wherein the second plurality of nutritional supplements is used afterthe first plurality of nutritional supplements is used, and wherein the first plurality of nutritional supplements contain at least one nutritional supplement that is different from the second plurality of nutritional supplements.

28. The use according to embodiments 25-27, wherein the use is according to embodiments 4-12.

EXAMPLES

[242] The following non-limiting examples are provided for illustrative purposes only in order to facilitate a more complete understanding of representative embodiments now contemplated. These examples should not be construed to limit any of the embodiments described in the present specification, including those pertaining to the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, or methods and uses disclosed herein.

Example 1

[243] A 48-year old woman that was diagnosed with breast cancer and was treated in the normal way by mastectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient was placed onto Tamoxifen maintenance regime for five years. After this period she was diagnosed metastatic breast cancer and underwent standard hormone therapy with aromatase inhibitors. Afterthe first hormone therapy became ineffective the patient was moved to subsequent second- and third-line hormone therapy treatment. After 20 months of treatment, all hormone therapies had been exhausted and the disease had spread into her lungs, hilar and plural cavity. The patient was reverted to Tamoxifen therapy and she initiated additional metabolic treatments comprising the administration of metformin (anti-diabetic drug) and atorvastatin (statin). Within 4 months of initiating treatment her hilar tumors were reduced by 80% by volume the lung tumors had reduced and become unmeasurable and the pleural cavity tumors had completely disappeared.

Example 2 [244] A man that was diagnosed with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma, a bile duct cancer. The disease had spread extensively and presented with multiple liver metastases and extensive retroperitoneal adenopathy. As a consequence of the liver impairment, liver function tests were abnormally high. Standard of care was decided upon as short course palliative chemotherapy. Given the inoperable nature of the disease the extensive metastatic progression and the liver function impairment the patient understood that the outlook was bleak and that a life expectancy of only a few months and less than a year could be expected. Alongside the last of three chemotherapy treatments, the patient underwent metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug) and doxycycline (anti- malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug) and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Subsequent CT scan showed significant tumor reduction and lowering of cancer biomarkers. Additional chemotherapy was now possible alongside the alternating metabolic treatment regime of metformin and doxycycline and metformin and mebendazole. Upon completion CT scan showed further reduction in the tumor masses that now made treatment surgery a possibility. Upon surgery the now dead tumor masses were removed and the patient continues his recovery.

Example 3

[245] A 59-year-old man that was diagnosed with colon cancer in the anorectal region. The cancer was unresponsive to standard of care chemotherapy (capecitabine) radiotherapy co-administration. Patient was aware that tumor resection would unlikely result in complete tumor removal. The patient’s disease was worsening and the outlook was poor. Alongside standard of care chemotherapy treatments, the patient then underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (antidiabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Over a three-month period significant tumor reduction was noted and was sustained over the following three months of continued alternating metabolic treatment regime comprising metformin, atorvastatin, and doxycycline and metformin, atorvastatin, and mebendazole. The patient was then stable with much reduced tumor burden and no additional tumors.

Example 4

[246] A 59-year-old woman that was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Presenting with progressive disease with both liver and lung metastases. Alongside standard of care therapy, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (antidiabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. After 3 months of treatment the disease had stabilized with no new cancer nodes appearing. In addition, the existing lung metastasis had reduced in size from 24 mm to 16 mm, and the existing liver metastasis had also reduced in size from 46 mm to 39 mm.

Example 5

[247] A 20-year-old man that was diagnosed with a primary brain cancer (glioblastoma multiforme). Although having completed the standard of care for his cancer, the disease was still progressing. Alongside further standard of care therapy, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for three months followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month. After 3 months of treatment his brain tumor had reduced by 34% in volume. The metabolic treatment was maintained and his disease reduced to a prolonged stable state.

Example 6

[248] A 57-year-old woman that was diagnosed with high grade smooth muscle cancer called leiomyosarcoma. Post resection, and alongside a standard of care therapy, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (antidiabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Within five months of treatment the patient was described as “all clear” by her physician.

Example 7

[249] A 41 -year-old man that was diagnosed with relapsed bladder cancer. Alongside a standard of care chemotherapy treatment of gemcitabine and cisplatin, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Within 9 months of treatment initiation there was a complete radiological remission of disease.

Example 8

[250] A 59-year-old man that was diagnosed with unresectable colorectal cancer that was unresponsive to the standard of care treatment of capecitabine/radiotherapy combination therapy. Alongside one additional round of standard of care treatment, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. This treatment resulted in the halting of the disease with no tumor progression for at least 9 months.

Example 9

[251] A 40-year-old woman that was diagnosed with an EGFR and ROS-1 mutated adenocarcinoma in the lung with metastases to the brain, retina, chest, liver and peritoneum. The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer with brain metastases is 0%. The prognosis of this patient was an expected survival time of 6 to 8 months and an overall poor quality of life. The patient underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the brain and retina was then put on crizotinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor). This treatment was ineffective based on PET scans that revealed increased tumor progression. Alongside a standard treatment of care treatment of lorlatinib (another tyrosine kinase inhibitor), the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for three months followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month. Six months later, a follow-up PET scan revealed tumor regression and a subsequent PET scan six months later indicated repealment of a complete radiographic response. MRI analysis showed that the patient’s brain was stable and her performance status and cognitive functions are normal. Two years after her terminal prognosis she continues her metabolic treatment in conjunction with lorlatinib and is maintaining a high quality of life.

Example 10

[252] A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with a Stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung with multiple brain metastases when he was. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and typically spreads to other parts of the body. The current 1-year relative survival rate for a person diagnosis with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma metastasising to the brain undergoing standard care (chemotherapy and anti-cancer drugs) is on average 6-8 months, with a 5-year relative survival rate of about 4%. The tumours were deemed to be inoperable. In addition, the patient was unresponsive to the standard of care treatment including a Cisplatin/Pemetrexed therapy, a Crizotinib therapy and a Ceritinib therapy as tumour progression was observed in the thoracic cavity and brain. Alongside standard of care treatment, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. MRI analysis of his brain demonstrated significant improvement in that volume size of brain lesions were reduced, and a restaging PET/CT analysis at the same time demonstrated no measurable disease elsewhere. His survival from diagnosis to the present day stands at 5 years 3 months. Example 11

[253] A 47-year old woman was diagnosed with a Stage IV adenocarcinoma of the rectum with liver metastases with widespread para-aortic, mediastinal, pelvic, supraclavicular fossa nodal involvement. Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the third most commonly diagnosed colorectal cancer in both men and women. The current 1-year relative survival rate for a person diagnosis with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma metastasising to the liver or lungs undergoing standard care (chemoradiotherapy and anticancer drugs) is on average 8-10 months, with a 2-year survival rate being uncommon and a 5-year relative survival rate being very rare. The patient underwent surgery to remove the rectal lesion. However, the patient was unresponsive to the standard of care treatment including a Capecitabine/lrinotecan and chemoradiotherapy combination therapy as tumour progression was seen in the liver. Alongside standard of care treatment, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Restaging PET/CT analysis 3-months post-treatment demonstrated a partial metabolic response, with all lesions apart from one in the left lower lobe of the lung demonstrating an excellence response. Subsequent restaging PET/CT analysis 17-months and 25-months post-treatment demonstrated no evidence of metabolically active disease. Her survival from diagnosis to the present day stands at 6 years 9 months. At present, her treatment consists only of the claimed uses as a maintenance treatment and has not required any further systemic anticancer therapy for over 22 months.

Example 12

[254] A 43-year-old woman was diagnosed with a Stage IV HER2 positive breast cancer with liver and lung metastases. After lung cancer, breast cancer causes more deaths in women than any other type of cancer. The current 1-year relative survival rate for a person diagnosis with stage IV breast cancer metastasizing to the liver or lungs undergoing standard care (chemotherapy and anti-cancer drugs/immunotherapy) is on average 4 months and a 5-year relative survival rate is very rare. The patient underwent a mastectomy to remove the breast tumour. However, the patient was unresponsive to the standard of care treatment including a Paclitaxel chemotherapy as liver and lung metastases progressed. Alongside standard of care treatment, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti- malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Restaging PET/CT analysis 3-months post-treatment demonstrated a partial metabolic response to the breast tumour, with similar improvement in the volume of both the lung and liver tumours and no new metastases identified. Subsequent restaging PET/CT analysis conducted on an annual basis demonstrated further reduction in tumour size and no evidence of any remaining liver tumors. Although now deceased, her survival from diagnosis to death was at 7 years 8 months.

Example 13

[255] A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with Stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung with brain, retina, chest, liver and peritoneum metastases. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common type of nonsmall cell lung cancer and typically spreads to other parts of the body. Her prognosis was given as terminal, with an expected survival time of 6-8 months and a 0% chance of surviving 5 years. The patient underwent stereotatic radiosurgery to the brain and retina. However, the patient was unresponsive to the standard of care treatment including a crizotinib therapy as tumour progression occurred. Alongside standard of care treatment, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. MRI analysis of her brain demonstrated that her brain tumours were stabilized, and a restaging CT scan at the same time demonstrated no measurable tumours elsewhere. Her survival from diagnosis to the present day stands at 2 years 6 months.

Example 14

[256] A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with Stage IV adenocarcinoma of the colon with liver metastases. Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the third most commonly diagnosed colorectal cancer in both men and women. The current 1-year relative survival rate for a person diagnosis with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma metastasising to the liver or lungs undergoing standard care (chemoradiotherapy and anticancer drugs) is on average 8-10 months, with a 2-year survival rate being uncommon and a 5-year relative survival rate being very rare. The tumour was deemed to be inoperable. In addition, the patient was unresponsive to the standard of care treatment including a Capecitabine and chemoradiotherapy combination therapy as both the colon tumors and liver metastasis progressed. Alongside standard of care treatment, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Restaging PET/CT analysis demonstrated no evidence of tumour progression or metabolically active disease and no appearance of new lesions. His survival from diagnosis to the present day stands at 3 years 10 months.

Example 15 [257] A 59-year-old woman was diagnosed with a Stage IV breast cancer with liver and lung metastases when she was 59 years old. After lung cancer, breast cancer causes more deaths in women than any other type of cancer. The current 1-year relative survival rate for a person diagnosis with stage IV breast cancer metastasising to the liver or lungs undergoing standard care (chemotherapy and anti-cancer drugs/immunotherapy) is on average 4 months and a 5-year relative survival rate is very rare. The patient underwent a mastectomy to remove the breast tumour. However, the patient was unresponsive to the standard of care treatment including a Paclitaxel chemotherapy as liver and lung metastases progressed. Alongside standard of care treatment, the patient underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti- malarial agent) for one month followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for one month. Restaging PET/CT analysis 3-months post-treatment demonstrated no evidence of tumour progression or metabolically active disease. Subsequent restaging PET/CT analysis showed a size reduction in existing liver and lung tumours. Her survival from diagnosis to the present day stands at 3 years 11 months.

Example 16

[258] An ongoing clinical study involving 96 patients diagnosed with a high-grade primary brain tumor (Glioblastoma Multiforme Stage IV or “GBM”) was approved by the Medicinal Products and Healthcare Regulatory Authority (MHRA) in the UK. This tumour is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer. The current 1-year relative survival rate for a person diagnosis with stage IV glioblastoma multiforme undergoing standard care (chemoradiotherapy and anti-cancer drugs) is on average 8-10 months, with a 2-year survival rate being uncommon and a 5-year relative survival rate being very rare. The tumours were deemed to be inoperable and patients were unresponsive to the standard of care treatment as tumour progression was observed in the brain. Alongside further standard of care therapy, patients underwent a metabolic treatment regime comprising alternating administrations of metformin (antidiabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and mebendazole (antihelmintic agent) for three months followed by metformin (anti-diabetic drug), atorvastatin (statin), and doxycycline (anti-malarial agent) for one month. Patients were evaluated for overall survival.

[259] The median overall survival for this unselected cohort of patients with GBM who received off-label medications alongside optimal SoC (i.e. surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) was 27.1 months (95% Cl 24.0; 37.6) from diagnosis, with a 2-year survival of 64.0%. These results compare very favorably with other GBM cohorts receiving optimal SoC alone, with a median OS of 14.8 months (Cl 14.2; 15.4) in the Public Health England dataset (Brodbelt et al., 2015) and 15.8 months (Cl 13.2; 16.8) in a study by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (Stupp et al., 2005), with a 2-year survival of 28.7% and 26.5%, respectively.

[260] In a further analysis, comparison was made with matched controls from the Public Health England national cancer registries, with patients being matched on gender, age bands, and standard of care received . In this analysis, the study showed a mean overall survival of those receiving the Care Oncology protocol of 700 days, compared to 418 in the control group. This increase in overall survival of 282 days (or 67%) is statistically significant (p<0.05) and was confirmed by a third-party audit (Cytel Inc., Cambridge, MA). The 12-month overall survival in the intervention group was 81%, compared to 56% in the control group. 85.3% of patients commenced and tolerated all four protocol medications. No serious adverse events reported on the combination of antimetabolic medications administered. The remaining 14.7% include patients where at least one of the medications was contraindicated as well as those who experienced side effects. There were no documented episodes where the COC protocol detrimentally impacted upon the administration of concurrent standard-of-care treatments.

[261] In closing, foregoing descriptions of embodiments of the present invention have been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is to be understood that, although aspects of the present invention are highlighted by referring to specific embodiments, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that these described embodiments are only illustrative of the principles comprising the present invention. As such, the specific embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Therefore, it should be understood that embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are in no way limited to a particular element, compound, composition, component, article, apparatus, methodology, use, protocol, step, and/or limitation described herein, unless expressly stated as such.

[262] In addition, groupings of alternative embodiments, elements, steps and/or limitations of the present invention are not to be construed as limitations. Each such grouping may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other groupings disclosed herein. It is anticipated that one or more alternative embodiments, elements, steps and/or limitations of a grouping may be included in, or deleted from, the grouping for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain the grouping as modified, thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

[263] Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that certain changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, subtractions and sub-combinations thereof can be made in accordance with the teachings herein without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, it is intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, subtractions and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to that precisely as shown and described by this specification.

[264] Certain embodiments of the present invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the present invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described embodiments in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

[265] The words, language, and terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, elements, steps and/or limitations only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined solely by the claims. In addition, such words, language, and terminology are to be understood not only in the sense of their commonly defined meanings, but to include by special definition in this specification structure, material or acts beyond the scope of the commonly defined meanings. Thus, if an element, step or limitation can be understood in the context of this specification as including more than one meaning, then its use in a claim must be understood as being generic to all possible meanings supported by the specification and by the word itself.

[266] The definitions and meanings of the elements, steps or limitations recited in a claim set forth below are, therefore, defined in this specification to include not only the combination of elements, steps or limitations which are literally set forth, but all equivalent structure, material or acts for performing substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain substantially the same result. In this sense it is therefore contemplated that an equivalent substitution of two or more elements, steps or limitations may be made for any one of the elements, steps or limitations in a claim set forth below or that a single element, step or limitation may be substituted for two or more elements, steps or limitations in such a claim. Although elements, steps or limitations may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, it is to be expressly understood that one or more elements, steps or limitations from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination and that the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination. As such, notwithstanding the fact that the elements, steps and/or limitations of a claim are set forth below in a certain combination, it must be expressly understood that the invention includes other combinations of fewer, more or different elements, steps and/or limitations, which are disclosed in above even when not initially claimed in such combinations. Furthermore, insubstantial changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalently within the scope of the claims. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. Accordingly, the claims are thus to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent, what can be obviously substituted and also what essentially incorporates the essential idea of the invention.

[267] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing a characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, term, and so forth used in the present specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” As used herein, the term “about” means that the characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, or term so qualified encompasses a range of plus or minus ten percent above and below the value of the stated characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, or term. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary. For instance, as mass spectrometry instruments can vary slightly in determining the mass of a given analyte, the term "about" in the context of the mass of an ion or the mass/charge ratio of an ion refers to +/-0.50 atomic mass unit. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical indication should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[268] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and values setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical ranges and values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical range or value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Recitation of numerical ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate numerical value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value of a numerical range is incorporated into the present specification as if it were individually recited herein.

[269] Use of the terms “may” or “can” in reference to an embodiment or aspect of an embodiment also carries with it the alternative meaning of “may not” or “cannot.” As such, if the present specification discloses that an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment may be or can be included as part of the inventive subject matter, then the negative limitation or exclusionary proviso is also explicitly meant, meaning that an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment may not be or cannot be included as part of the inventive subject matter. In a similar manner, use of the term “optionally” in reference to an embodiment or aspect of an embodiment means that such embodiment or aspect of the embodiment may be included as part of the inventive subject matter or may not be included as part of the inventive subject matter. Whether such a negative limitation or exclusionary proviso applies will be based on whether the negative limitation or exclusionary proviso is recited in the claimed subject matter.

[270] The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar references used in the context of describing the present invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Further, ordinal indicators - such as, e.g., “first,” “second,” “third,” etc. - for identified elements are used to distinguish between the elements, and do not indicate or imply a required or limited number of such elements, and do not indicate a particular position or order of such elements unless otherwise specifically stated. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the present invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the present specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

[271] When used in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, the open-ended transitional term “comprising”, variations thereof such as, e.g., “comprise” and “comprises”, and equivalent open-ended transitional phrases thereof like “including,” “containing” and “having”, encompass all the expressly recited elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features alone or in combination with unrecited subject matter; the named elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features are essential, but other unnamed elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features may be added and still form a construct within the scope of the claim. Specific embodiments disclosed herein may be further limited in the claims using the closed-ended transitional phrases “consisting of or “consisting essentially of (or variations thereof such as, e.g., “consist of, “consists of, “consist essentially of, and “consists essentially of) in lieu of or as an amendment for “comprising.” When used in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, the closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting of excludes any element, limitation, step, integer, or feature not expressly recited in the claims. The closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting essentially of limits the scope of a claim to the expressly recited elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features and any other elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter. Thus, the meaning of the open-ended transitional phrase “comprising” is being defined as encompassing all the specifically recited elements, limitations, steps and/or features as well as any optional, additional unspecified ones. The meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting of is being defined as only including those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features specifically recited in the claim, whereas the meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting essentially of is being defined as only including those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features specifically recited in the claim and those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and/or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter. Therefore, the open-ended transitional phrase “comprising” (and equivalent open-ended transitional phrases thereof) includes within its meaning, as a limiting case, claimed subject matter specified by the closed-ended transitional phrases “consisting of or “consisting essentially of.” As such, the embodiments described herein or so claimed with the phrase “comprising” expressly and unambiguously provide description, enablement, and support for the phrases “consisting essentially of and “consisting of.”

[272] Lastly, all patents, patent publications, and other references cited and identified in the present specification are individually and expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety forthe purpose of describing and disclosing, for example, the compositions and methodologies described in such publications that might be used in connection with the present invention. These publications are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing in this regard is or should be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention or for any other reason. All statements as to the date or representation as to the contents of these documents are based on the information available to the applicant and do not constitute any admission as to the correctness of the dates or contents of these documents.