PYRAZOLESULFONAMIDES AS ANTITUMOR AGENTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[001] The frequent observation of aberrant pre-mRNA splicing in many cancers may offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic agents. For example, RBM39 protein is associated with core components of the spliceosome. Loss or reduction of amount of RBM39 protein can alter the frequency of alternative splicing events resulting in exon skipping and intron retention. Such events may trigger selective lethality in cancer cells reliant on altered splicing or induce expression of splicing-derived neoantigens that can be exploited for therapy.

[002] RBM39 protein is required for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) maintenance through misspicing of HOXA9 target genes and it has been found that RBM39 loss alters splicing of mRNAs essential for AML cell growth (See E. Wang et al.,“Targeting an RNA- Binding Protein network in Acute Myeliod Leukemia”, Cancer Cell 35, 369-382, (2019) and D. Hsiehchen, et al.,“Biomarkers for RBM39 degradation in acute myeloid leukemia”, Springer Nature, Feb.2020)). It is also believed that compounds able to degregrate RBM39 may be effective in treating cancers such as colon, EZH2 mutant limphomas, and melanomia. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[003] The present invention relates to novel compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to a process for making the compounds and to the use of the compounds in therapy. More particularly, it relates to certain pyrazole-4-sulfonamide derivatives useful as RBM39 degraders for the treatment of cancer.

[004] In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[005] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. [006] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of inducing degradation of RBM39 protein, comprising contacting RBM39 protein with an effective amount of a compound described herein, such as a compound of Formula I. The contacting may comprise contacting a cell that expresses RBM39 protein. The contacting may take place in vivo or in vitro.

[007] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound described herein, such as a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[008] In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound, such as a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a medicament for the treatment of cancer. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[009] All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[010] In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

X is N or CR ₆ ;

R ₁ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, or halo;

R ₂ is hydrogen, halo or cyano;

R ₃ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, cyano, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, or -NR ^a R ^b , wherein R ^a or R ^b is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl);

R ₄ is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C10heteroalkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)NH ₂ , C3- C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, C2-C5 alkenyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -C0-C4 alkylS(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -S(=O) ₂ phenyl, -S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl, -C0-C4

alkylC(=O)heterocycloalkyl, -C0-C4 alkyl C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)OH or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1- C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl;

R ₅ is hydrogen, halo, -NH ₂ or C1-C4 alkyl;

R ₆ is hydrogen, halo or C1-C4 alkyl; and

R ₇ is hydrogen, halo, heteroalkyl, C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)O( C1-C4 alkyl), -(C1-C4

alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, or

heterocycloalkyl.

[011] In certain embodiment of Formula I, X is N. In another further embodiment, X is CR6.

[012] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is C1-C4 alkyl or halo. In a further

embodiment, R ₁ is methyl. In another further embodiment, R ₁ is chloro. In another further embodiment, R ₁ is fluoro.

[013] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is C1-C4 fluoroalkyl. In a further

embodiment, R ₁ is trifluoromethyl.

[014] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is hydrogen.

[015] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. [016] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₂ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₂ is chloro. In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₂ is fluoro. In certain other embodiments, R ₂ is cyano. In certain other embodiments, R ₂ is hydrogen.

[017] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₂ is cyano, hydrogen, chloro or fluoro.

[018] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₃ is hydrogen.

[019] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₃ is cyano.

[020] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₃ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is fluoro.

[021] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₃ is C1-C4 alkyl. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is methyl. In another further embodiments, R ₃ is CHF ₂ .

[022] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₃ is -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is -C ₂ H ₄ OH.

[023] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₃ is -NR ^a R ^b . In a further embodiment, R ₃ is -NH ₂ .

[024] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₃ is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, difluoromethyl, -NH ₂ , or -C ₂ H ₄ OH.

[025] In certain embodiment of Formula I, R ₅ is hydrogen.

[026] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₅ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₅ is fluoro. In another embodiment, R ₅ is chloro.

[027] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₅ is C1-C4 alkyl. In another embodiment of Formula I, R ₅ is methyl.

[028] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₅ is -NH ₂ .

[029] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₅ is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, or -NH ₂ .

[030] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₆ is hydrogen.

[031] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R6 is halo. In another embodiment of Formula I, R ₅ is fluoro.

[032] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R6 is hydrogen or fluoro.

[033] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₇ is hydrogen, -(C0-C4 alkyl)O( C1-C4 alkyl), or -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). [034] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₇ is hydrogen.

[035] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₇ is -(C0-C4 alkyl)O( C1-C4 alkyl). In another embodiment of Formula I, R ₇ is methoxyethyl (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ ).

[036] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₇ is -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). In another embodiment of Formula I, R ₇ is cyclopropylmethyl.

[037] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₇ is hydrogen, cyclopropylmethyl or methoxyethyl.

[038] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R4 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1- C10heteroalkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)NH ₂ , C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3- C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, C2-C5 alkenyl, -(C1-C4

alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -C0-C4 alkylS(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -S(=O) ₂ phenyl, -S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl, -C0-C4 alkyl C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)OH or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0- C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , - C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl.

[039] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₄ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, trifluoroethyl, fluoropropyl, methoxyethyl, methoxyethoxyethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3- bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl,

cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylethyl and cyclohexylmethyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl,

pyrrolidinylethyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidinylmethyl, azetidinylmethyl,

tetrahydrothiopyranylmethyl, piperidinylmethyl, tetrahydropyranylmethyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, oxetanylethyl, oxaspiro[3.3]heptyl, (methylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl, pyrazolyl(methylsulfonyl), methylsulfonyl, (methylsulfonyl)methyl, phenylsulfonyl, hydroxyethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl, carboxymethyl, cyclobutylaminocarbonylmethyl, pyrrolidinylcarbonylmethyl, methylaminocarbonylmethyl, (dimethylamino)carbonylmethyl, aminocarbonyl(C1-C4alkyl), methoxycarbonyl(C1-C4alkyl), (aminocarbonyl)C1-C4alkyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, propenyl,

, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy,

-(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano,

- C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl.

[040] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, methoxy, hydroxy, cyanomethyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, amino, fluoromethyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, oxo,

aminocarbonylmethyl, difluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylethyl, and methoxymethyl.

[041] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, and R ₂ is cyano. In a further embodiment, R ₁ is methyl or trifluoromethyl.

[042] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is hydrogen and R ₂ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₁ is chloro. [043] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is hydrogen and R ₂ is cyano.

[044] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is halo and R ₂ is cyano. In a further embodiment, R ₁ is chloro. In another further embodiment, R ₁ is fluoro.

[045] In certain embodiments of Formula I, each of R ₁ and R ₂ is halo. In a further embodiment, each of R ₁ and R ₂ is chloro.

[046] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, R ₂ is cyano and R ₃ is hydrogen. In a further embodiment, R ₁ is methyl or trifluoromethyl. In a still further embodiment, R ₅ is hydrogen.

[047] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is hydrogen, R ₂ is halo and R ₃ is hydrogen. In a further embodiment, R ₂ is chloro. In a still further embodiment, R ₅ is hydrogen.

[048] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₁ is halo, R ₂ is cyano and R ₃ is hydrogen. In a further embodiment, R ₁ is chloro. In a still further embodiment, R ₅ is hydrogen.

[049] The invention is also directed to a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from the following exemplified compounds:

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamid e;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1,3,5-trimethyl-pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-su lfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide ;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-sulfon amide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-methylsulfonylethyl)pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl)pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

tert-butyl 3-[4-[(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]azetidi ne-1-carboxylate;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(cyanomethyl)pyrazole-4-sulf onamide;

1-(5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-pyridyl)-N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

2-[4-[(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]acet amide;

2-[4-[4-[(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]s ulfonylpyrazol-1-yl]acetamide; 1-(azetidin-3-yl)-N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfo namide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1H-pyrazol-4-ylsulfonyl)pyr azole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-tetrahydropyran-4-yl-pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(5-fluoro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole -4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[2-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethox y]ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

tert-butyl 4-[4-[(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]piperid ine-1-carboxylate;

1-(1-acetylazetidin-3-yl)-N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl ]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl -pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrid yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[5-(trifluoromethyl) -2-pyridyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

tert-butyl N-[2-[4-[(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]ethy l]carbamate;

1-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-fluoroethyl)pyrazole-4-su lfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-fluoroethyl)pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-phenyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamid e;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-isopropyl-pyrazole-4-sulfona mide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulf onamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(4-piperidyl)pyrazole-4-sulf onamide;

tert-butyl 3-[[4-[(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]methyl ]azetidine-1- carboxylate;

1-(azetidin-3-ylmethyl)-N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-methylthietan-3-yl)methy l]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-thietan -3-yl)methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-cyclobutyl-pyrazole-4-sulfon amide; N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-N,1-bis(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-N,1-bis(2-methoxyethyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)methyl] pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)met hyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide;

N-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamid e;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-fluoropropyl)pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl)pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethy l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-cyclobutyl-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonam ide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-isopropyl-pyrazole-4 -sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3-yl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-su lfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-methylsulfonyleth yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethyl)pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-methyloxetan-3-y l)methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-fluorooxetan-3-yl)m ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-fluoropropyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

1-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide ;

N-(3-chloro-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-cyano-2-methyl-pr opyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)py razole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2,2-difluorocycloprop yl)methyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(fluoromethyl)vin yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonami de;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-su lfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxycyclobutyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-methyl-2-methylsu lfonyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-oxaspiro[3.3]hept an-6-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethy l)-4-piperidyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-cyclopentyl-pyrazole -4-sulfonamide;

1-benzyl-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-propyl-pyrazole-4-su lfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methylsulfonyl-pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

1-tert-butyl-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4 -sulfonamide;

1-tert-butyl-N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfona mide;

1-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-7-yl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-7-yl]-1-methyl-p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl) pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[[1-(trifluoromethyl )cyclopropyl]methyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethylsulfony l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-5-fluoro-pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-7-yl]-1-(2,2-dif luoroethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-[3-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-7-yl]-1-(2,2-difluor oethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-[3-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-7-yl]-1-methyl-pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[[3-(hydroxymethyl)oxet an-3-yl]methyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl- propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(trideuteriomethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-fluorocyclobutyl) pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1,5-dimethyl-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide;

N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyr azole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)ox etan-3-yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[3-(fluoromethyl)oxetan -3-yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)py razole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl)pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethy l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonam ide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethyl)pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3-yl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-fluoro-1-(3-methylox etan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulf onamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-fluoro-1-(3-methylox etan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-cyano-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole -4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-cyano-1-methyl-pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

methyl 2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl ]acetate;

2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1 -yl]acetic acid;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(trideuteriomethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-pro pyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl ]-N-(3,3- difluorocyclobutyl)acetamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[2-[(3R,4S)-3,4-difl uoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxo- ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1 -yl]-N-methyl-acetamide;

2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1 -yl]-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide;

2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1 -yl]acetamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin- 1-yl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-fluoro-1-(oxetan-3-y l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

1-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)methyl]-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-ind ol-7-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-y l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-3-fluoro-1-methyl-pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-(difluoromethyl)-1-m ethyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-(difluoromethyl)-1-meth yl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3S,4R)-4-fluoropyrrol idin-3-yl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3S,4R)-4-fluoropyr rolidin-3-yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; tert-butyl (3S,4R)-3-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyra zol-1-yl]-4-fluoro- pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate;

2-[4-[(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1 -yl]-2-methyl-propanamide;

5-chloro-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

5-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[3-(cyanomethyl)oxet an-3-yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[3-(cyanomethyl)oxetan- 3-yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

1-[3-(cyanomethyl)oxetan-3-yl]-N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7 -yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyra zole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(chloromethyl)-2- hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)ox etan-3-yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 1-[1-(chloromethyl)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-N-(3,4 -dichloro-1H-indol-7- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetan -3-yl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; methyl 2-[4-[(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]-2- methyl-propanoate;

methyl 2-[4-[(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl ]-2-methyl-propanoate; N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-eth yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl -ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)p yrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymet hyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxycyclobutyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxycyclobutyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymet hyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl) pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

1-(2-amino-2-methyl-propyl)-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol- 7-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)m ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole -4-sulfonamide;

N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(methylsulfonylmethyl)py razole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(methylsulfonylmethy l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl )methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(4-hydroxytetrahydropy ran-4-yl)methyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxy- 2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methoxycyclobutyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methoxycyclobutyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cy clobutyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-pro pyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxycyclobutyl)py razole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxycyclobutyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[[1-(hydroxymethyl)c yclopropyl]methyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropy l]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropy l]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimet hyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-3-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxy-2-m ethyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-3-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxy- 2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-3-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxy- 2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-me thyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-me thyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyr azole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyr azole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-me thyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; (2R)-2-[4-[(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol -1-yl]propenamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonam ide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl)pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethy l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole-4-sul fonamide;

1-(3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl)-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol -7-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 1-(3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl)-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl- butyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-but yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-but yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 1-(3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl)-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimet hyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-2-fluoro-1-methyl -ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-2,2-difluoro-1-(h ydroxymethyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-2,2-difluoro-1 -(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-2,2-difluoro-1 -(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimet hyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimet hyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-1,1,3-trimet hyl-butyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-1 -methyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-1 -methyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-1 -methyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl- propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-pro pyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-1-(fluoromethyl)- 2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-m ethyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl ]-2-methyl-propanamide;

2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1 -yl]-2-methyl-propanamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-1,3-dimet hyl-butyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl -butyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-chloro-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1 -dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-chloro-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy- 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-1-(fluoromethy l)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-1-(fluoromethy l)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

1-[(2S)-2-amino-3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl]-N-(4-chloro-3-cya no-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

1-[(2S)-2-amino-3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl]-N-(3-cyano-4-meth yl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy- 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-chloro-N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimet hyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 3-chloro-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1 -dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

3-chloro-N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimet hyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; tert-butyl 3-[[4-[(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-y l]methyl]-3-fluoro- azetidine-1-carboxylate;

tert-butyl 3-[[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-y l]methyl]-3-fluoro- azetidine-1-carboxylate;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-fluoroazetidin-3 -yl)methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-fluoroazetidin-3-yl )methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl -propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimet hyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 3-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1 -dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

3-chloro-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy- 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-me thoxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-2 -methoxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-me thyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-me thyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-me thyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methy l-ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclo propyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclo propyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxybutyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-1 -methyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-1 -methyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-chloro-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy- 2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluor oethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluoroet hyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2,2-difluoroet hyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-chloro-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-m ethyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-2-fluoro-1-met hyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole -4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2 -methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl )pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-me thyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1 -methyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1 -methyl-propyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2 -methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

3-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

3-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl)pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1-fluoro-2-hydroxy- 1-methyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1-fluoro-2-hydroxy- 1-methyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide

3-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

3-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1-fluoro-2-hydroxy- ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1-fluoro-2-hydroxy-eth yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfon amide;

3-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1,1-difluoro-2-hydr oxy-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethyl)pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-2-hydr oxy-1-methyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyr azole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethyl)pyra zole-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-2-hydr oxy-1-methyl-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide; 5-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indazol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazo le-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethy l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethy l)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indazol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-1-(fluoromet hyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-1-(fluoromethy l)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(fluoromethyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-1-(fluoromethy l)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-1-[(1R)-1-(fluoromet hyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide;

5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1 ,1-dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide; and

5-amino-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1 ,1-dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide.

[050] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the appended claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

[051] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[052] As used in the specification and claims, the singular form“a”,“an” and“the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[053] Unless defined otherwise, the term“Cx-Cy” when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety, such as alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl is meant to include groups that contain from x to y carbons in the chain. For example, the term“Cx-Cy alkyl” refers to substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon groups, including straight-chain alkyl and branched-chain alkyl groups that contain from x to y carbons in the chain.

[054] The term "alkyl" as used herein refers to saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radicals. In one embodiment, an alkyl group contains from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. The term "C1-C10 alkyl" as used herein refers to saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radicals of one to 10 carbon atoms, respectively. The term "C1-C4 alkyl" as used herein refers to saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radicals of one to four carbon atoms, respectively. Illustrative examples of C1-C4 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, I-butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-butyl, and 2- methyl-2-propyl. The term "C1-C6 alkyl" as used herein refers to saturated linear or branched- chain monovalent hydrocarbon radicals of one to six carbon atoms, respectively. Illustrative examples of C1-C6 alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, I- butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 3,3- dimethylbutabyl, 2,2-dimethylbutanyl, 2,3-dimethylbutanyl, 2-methylpentanyl, 3- methylpentanyl, and 4-methylpentanyl. Alkyl, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C6 alkyl groups used herein can be optionally independently substituted by one or more of the following substituents:

deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[055] The term“C1-C4 fluoroalkyl” as used herein refers to saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radicals of one to four carbon atoms substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. Illustrative examples include, but are not limited to, CHF ₂ , CH ₂ F, CF ₃ , CH ₂ CF ₃ , CF ₂ CH ₃ , CHFCH ₃ , CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ , CH(CF ₃ ) ₂ , CHFCF ₃ and CF ₂ CF ₃ .

[056] The term“C3-C6 cycloalkyl” as used herein refers to monocyclic non-aromatic radicals, which have 3, 4, 5, or up to 6 carbon ring atoms and may be fully saturated, or partially unsaturated. Illustrative examples of C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups used herein may be optionally independently substituted by one or more of the following substituents: deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl), or two substituents on the C3-C6 cycloalkyl ring form a 4-6 membered heterocycle or carbocycle.

[057] The term“C2-C5 alkenyl” as used herein refers to straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radicals containing at least one double bond and having from two to five carbon atoms. A C2-C5 alkenyl is attached to the rest of a molecule by a single bond through an sp ² hybridized carbon. Illustrative examples of C2-C5 alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl (i.e., vinyl), prop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1,4-dienyl. C2-C5 alkenyl groups used herein may be optionally independently substituted by one or more of the following substituents: deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[058] The term "heteroalkyl" refers to an alkyl group where 1, 2, or 3 of the carbon atoms is substituted by an O. In one embodiment, heteroalkyl is , wherein 1, 2, or 3 methylene groups are replaced by an oxygen. In another embodiment of the invention, _{heteroalkyl is selected from} wherein n is 1, 2, or 3.

[059] The term“heterocycloalkyl” as used herein refers to a stable and not fully aromatic 3- to 18-membered ring (i.e., C3-C18 heterocycloalkyl) radical that comprises two to twelve ring carbon atoms and from one to six ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as“3 to 18” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g.,“3 to 18 ring atoms” means that the heterocycloalkyl group may consist of 3 ring atoms, 4 ring atoms, 5 ring atoms, etc., up to and including 18 ring atoms. In some embodiments, it is a C5-C10 heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, it is a C4-C10

heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, it is a C3-C10 heterocycloalkyl. The heterocycloalkyl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems. The heteroatoms, e.g. sulfur, in the heterocycloalkyl radical may be optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, are optionally quaternized. The heterocycloalkyl radical is partially or fully saturated. The heterocycloalkyl may be attached to the rest of a molecule through any atom of the ring(s). Examples of such heterocycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine, dioxolanyl, thienyl[1,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2- oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl,

tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, I-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, and 1,1- dioxothiomorpholinyl. Heterocycloalkyl moieties, herein, may be optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents: halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[060] The term“phenyl” as used herein refers to a radical with the formula C6H5. One or more of the hydrogens in a phenyl moiety disclosed herein, may be optionally independently substituted by one or more of the following substituents: C1-C4 alkyl, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[061] The term“heteroaryl” as used herein refers to 5-6 membered heteroaromatic rings having one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N. Heteroaryl moieties herein may be optionally independently substituted by one or more of the following substituents: C1-C4 alkyl, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[062] The term“halogen” includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

[063] The term "oxy" means an oxygen (O) atom. The term "thio" means a sulfur (S) atom.

[064] The term "oxo" means“=O”. The term“carbonyl” means“C=O.”

[065] The term“substituted” as used herein refers to moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons or heteroatoms of the structure. It will be understood that“substitution” or“substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.

[066] The term“optional” or“optionally” as used herein means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example,“optionally substituted aryl” means that the aryl group may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted aryl groups and aryl groups having no substitution.

[067] Compounds of the present disclosure also include crystalline and amorphous forms of those compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and active metabolites of these compounds having the same type of activity, including, for example, polymorphs,

pseudopolymorphs, solvates, hydrates, unsolvated polymorphs (including anhydrates), conformational polymorphs, and amorphous forms of the compounds, as well as mixtures thereof.

[068] It will be appreciated that certain compounds according to the invention may contain one or more centers of asymmetry and may therefore be prepared and isolated in a mixture of isomers such as a racemic mixture, or in an enantiomerically pure form. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of the invention, including but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as well as mixtures thereof such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention.

[069] In the structures shown herein, where the stereochemistry of any particular chiral atom is not specified, then all stereoisomers are contemplated and included as the compounds of the invention. Where stereochemistry is specified by a solid wedge or dashed line representing a particular configuration, then that stereoisomer is so specified and defined.

[070] The invention is directed to compounds of Formulae I and II, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In addition, the invention is directed to compounds of Formulae I and II and salts thereof, which are not necessarily pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and which may be useful as intermediates for preparing and/or purifying compounds of Formulae I and II and/or for separating enantiomers of compounds of Formulae I and II.

Particular examples include hydrochloride and trifluoroacetate salts of compounds of Formulae I and II.

[071] It will further be appreciated that the compounds of Formulae I and II or their salts may be isolated in the form of solvates, and accordingly that any such solvate is included within the scope of the present invention.

[072] In the compounds of formulae I and II, the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. The present invention is meant to include all suitable isotopic variations of the compounds of formula I. For example, different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium ( ¹ H) and deuterium ( ² H or D). Protium is the predominant hydrogen isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or reducing dosage requirements, or may provide a compound useful as a standard for characterization of biological samples.

Isotopically-enriched compounds within formula I can be prepared without undue

experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/or intermediates.

[073] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, all ranges cited herein are inclusive. For example, a heteroaryl ring described as containing from "1 to 3 heteroatoms" means the ring can contain 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms. It is also to be understood that any range cited herein includes within its scope, all of the sub-ranges within that range. The oxidized forms of the heteroatoms N and S are also included within the scope of the present invention.

[074] The term“salt” or“pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions well known in the art. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids. Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like. Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like, specifically such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and ethanolamine. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt is chosen from ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts.

[075] The term“pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient” includes without limitation any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye, colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals.

[076] The term“effective amount” or“therapeutically effective amount” refers to that amount of a compound described herein that is sufficient to affect the intended application, including but not limited to disease treatment, as defined below. The therapeutically effective amount may vary depending upon the intended treatment application (in vivo), or the subject and disease condition being treated, e.g., the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the manner of administration and the like, which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. The term also applies to a dose that will induce a particular response in target cells, e.g., reduction of platelet adhesion and/or cell migration. The specific dose will vary depending on the particular compounds chosen, the dosing regimen to be followed, whether it is administered in combination with other compounds, timing of administration, the tissue to which it is administered, and the physical delivery system in which it is carried.

[077] As used herein,“treatment” or“treating” refers to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results with respect to a disease, disorder, or medical condition including but not limited to a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. A therapeutic benefit can include, for example, the eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit can include, for example, the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the subject, notwithstanding that the subject may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder. In certain embodiments, for prophylactic benefit, the compositions are administered to a subject at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a subject reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this disease may not have been made.

[078] A“therapeutic effect,” as that term is used herein, encompasses a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit as described above. A prophylactic effect includes delaying or eliminating the appearance of a disease or condition, delaying or eliminating the onset of symptoms of a disease or condition, slowing, halting, or reversing the progression of a disease or condition, or any combination thereof.

[079] The term“degrader” as used herein refers to a compound having the ability to induce the degradation of a target protein. For example, a degrader may induce the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of a target protein. Targeted protein degradation can be undertaken for the purposes of inhibiting the biological function of the target protein, meaning that a degrader can be a member of a specific sub-class of antagonist. Compounds that potentiate the formation of a complex between a target protein and any portion of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex are specifically included within this definition.

[080] The term“RBM39 degrader” as used herein refers to a compound, such as a compound of Formula I or II, having the ability to induce the degradation of RBM39 protein. For example, an RBM39 degrader may induce the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of RBM39 protein. Targeted protein degradation can be undertaken for the purposes of inhibiting the biological function of the target protein. Compounds that potentiate the formation of a complex between RBM39 protein and any portion of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex are included within this definition.

[081] The term“cell proliferation” refers to a phenomenon by which the cell number has changed as a result of division. This term also encompasses cell growth by which the cell morphology has changed (e.g., increased in size) consistent with a proliferative signal.

[082] The term“subject” refers to an animal, such as a mammal, for example a human. The methods described herein can be useful in both human therapeutics and veterinary applications. In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal, and in some embodiments, the subject is human.“Mammal” includes humans and both domestic animals such as laboratory animals and household pets (e.g., cats, dogs, swine, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits), and non-domestic animals such as wildlife and the like.

[083] The term“in vivo” refers to an event that takes place in a subject’s body.

[084] The term“in vitro” refers to an event that takes places outside of a subject’s body. For example, an in vitro assay encompasses any assay run outside of a subject. In vitro assays encompass cell-based assays in which cells alive or dead are employed. In vitro assays also encompass a cell-free assay in which no intact cells are employed.

[085] The disclosure is also meant to encompass the in vivo metabolic products of the disclosed compounds. Such products may result from, for example, the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, and the like of the administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, the disclosure includes compounds produced by a process comprising administering a compound of this disclosure to a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof. Such products are typically identified by administering a radiolabeled compound of the disclosure in a detectable dose to an animal, such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to human, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur, and isolating its conversion products from the urine, blood or other biological samples.

[086] The chemical naming protocol and structure diagrams used herein are a modified form of the I.U.P.A.C. nomenclature system, using ChemDraw Professional or OpenEye Scientific Software’s mol2nam application. For complex chemical names employed herein, a substituent group is typically named before the group to which it attaches. For example, cyclopropylethyl comprises an ethyl backbone with a cyclopropyl substituent. Except as described below, all bonds are identified in the chemical structure diagrams herein, except for all bonds on some carbon atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to sufficient hydrogen atoms to complete the valency. Compounds [087] The chemical naming protocol and structure diagrams used herein are a modified form of the I.U.P.A.C. nomenclature

[088] Referring to the R ₄ substituent of Formula I, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6 alkyl, heteroalkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl

-C1-C4alkylS(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), S(=O) ₂ phenyl, or S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl.

[089] In certain other embodiments, R4 is C1-C6 alkyl, heteroalkyl, and C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano,

-S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted C1-C6 alkyl, heteroalkyl, and C1-C4 fluoroalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

. [090] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₄ is unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) each independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1- C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) and C3-C6 cycloalkyl include, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3- bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl,

cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylethyl and cyclohexylmethyl, each independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl.

[091] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₄ is unsubstituted -(C1-C4

alkyl)heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted -(C1- C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1- C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted -(C1-C4

alkyl)heterocycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

.

[092] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R ₄ is -C1-C4alkylS(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), S(=O) ₂ phenyl, or S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted -C1-C4alkylS(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), S(=O) ₂ phenyl, and S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl include, but not limited to, the following: .

[093] In certain embodiments of Formula I, R4 is unsubstituted. Referring to the R4 substituent of Formula I, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is -C0-C4 alkylC(=O)heterocycloalkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4

alkyl)C(=O)OH, -C0-C4 alkyl C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, - -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted -C0-C4 alkylC(=O)heterocycloalkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)OH or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, include, but not limited to, the following:

. [094] Referring to the R ₄ substituent of Formula I, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is -(C1- C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, or C2-C5 alkenyl, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0- C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3- C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted is -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, and C2-C5 alkenyl include, but are not limited to, the following: . [095] Referring to the R ₅ substituent of Formula I, in certain embodiments, R ₅ is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R ₅ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₅ is fluoro. In a further embodiment, R ₅ is chloro. In certain other embodiments, R ₅ is NH ₂ . In certain embodiments, R ₅ is methyl.

[096] Referring to the R6 substituent of Formula I, in certain embodiments, R6 is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R ₆ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₆ is fluoro.

[097] Referring to the R ₇ substituent of Formula I, in certain embodiments, R ₇ is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R ₇ is heteroalkyl. In a further embodiment, R ₇ is . In certain other embodiments, R ₇ is -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). In a further embodiment, R ₇ is

[098] Compounds of Formula I include compounds of Formula Ia, wherein R ₁ is C1-C4 alkyl and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula Iaa, wherein R ₁ is methyl and R ₂ is cyano;

compounds of Formula Ib, wherein R ₁ is halo and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula Ibb, wherein R ₁ is chloro or fluoro and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula Ic, wherein each of R ₁ and R ₂ is independently halo; compounds of Formula Icc, wherein each of R ₁ and R ₂ is chloro; compounds of Formula Id, wherein R ₁ is hydrogen and R ₂ is chloro; compounds of Formula Ie, wherein R ₁ and R ₂ are each hydrogen; compounds of Formula If, wherein R ₁ is -C1-C4 fluoroalkyl and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula Ifa, wherein R ₁ is -CF ₃ and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula Ifb, wherein R ₁ is -CF ₃ and R ₂ is halo; compounds of Formula Ifc, compounds wherein R ₁ is -CF ₃ and R ₂ is chloro or fluoro; compounds of Formula Ifd, wherein R ₁ is -CF ₃ and R ₂ is hydrogen.

[099] Referring to the R ₃ substituent of Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is hydrogen.

[0100] For Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is fluoro or chloro. [0101] For Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 fluoroalkyl. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is methyl. In another further embodiment, R ₃ is CHF ₂ .

[0102] For Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is -NR ^a R ^b . In a further embodiment, R ₃ is -NH ₂ .

[0103] For Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is -CH ₂ CH ₂ OH.

[0104] Referring to the R4 substituent of the Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C10heteroalkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)NH ₂ , -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, C2-C5 alkenyl, -C0-C4 alkylS(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -S(=O) ₂ phenyl,

-S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl, -C0-C4 alkylC(=O)heterocycloalkyl, -C0-C4 alkyl C(=O)NR ^a R ^b ,

-(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4

alkyl)C(=O)OH or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0- C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1- C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl.

[0105] For the Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R4 is C1-C6 alkyl, heteroalkyl, or C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, substituted with 0, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted C1-C6 alkyl, heteroalkyl, and C1-C4 fluoroalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

. [0106] For Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) each

independently substituted 1, 2, or 3 substituents selectedfrom deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0- C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3- C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) and C3-C6 cycloalkyl include, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylethyl and cyclohexylmethyl, each independently substituted 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1- C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, C1- C6heteroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl.

[0107] For Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is substituted heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), or cyano. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c or

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of heterocycloalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

, wherein each of the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydoxyhydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0108] Referring to Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is -C0-C4 alkylC(=O)heterocycloalkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)OH, -C0-C4 alkyl C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted -C0-C4 alkylC(=O)heterocycloalkyl, -(C0-C4

alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)OH or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, include, but not limited to, the following:

.

[0109] Referring to the Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, or C2-C5 alkenyl, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Particular examples of unsubstituted and substituted is -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, and C2-C5 alkenyl include, but are not limited to, the following: .

[0110] Referring to the R ₅ substituent of Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R ₅ is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R ₅ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₅ is fluoro or chloro. In certain other embodiments, R ₅ is C1-C4 alkyl. In a further embodiment, R ₅ is methyl. In certain other embodiments, R ₅ is NH ₂ .

[0111] Referring to the Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain embodiments, R6 is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R6 is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₆ is fluoro.

[0112] Referring to the Formulae Ia, Iaa, Ib, Ibb, Ic, Icc Id, Ie, If, Ifa, Ifb, Ifc, and Ifd, in certain enbodiments, R ₇ is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R ₇ is heteroalkyl. In a further embodiment, R ₇ is . In certain other embodiments, R ₇ is -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). In a further embodiment, R ₇ is .

[0113] In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R ₁ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or halo;

R ₂ is halo or cyano;

R ₃ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, cyano or -NR ^a R ^b , wherein R ^a or R ^b is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl);

R ₄ is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, C2-C5 alkenyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl),

-S(=O) ₂ phenyl or -S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl; and

R ₅ is hydrogen, halo or C1-C4 alkyl.

[0114] Referring to the R ₁ substituent of Formula II, in certain embodiments, R ₁ is C1- C4 alkyl or halo. In a further embodiment, R ₁ is methyl. In another further embodiment, R ₁ is chloro. In another further embodiment, R ₁ is fluoro.

[0115] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R ₁ is hydrogen.

[0116] Referring to the R ₂ substituent of Formula II, in certain embodiments, R ₂ is chloro. In certain other embodiments, R ₂ is cyano.

[0117] Referring to the R ₃ substituent of Formula II, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is hydrogen.

[0118] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R ₃ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is fluoro.

[0119] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R ₃ is C1-C4 alkyl. In a further

embodiment, R ₃ is methyl. In another further embodiment, R ₃ is CHF ₂ .

[0120] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R ₃ is -NR ^a R ^b . In a further embodiment, R ₃ is -NH ² .

[0121] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R ₃ is cyano.

[0122] Referring to the R ₄ substituent of Formula II, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is C1- C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl).

[0123] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R ₄ is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In certain other embodiments, R4 is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxyhydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R4 is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of C1-C6 alkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

, wherein each of the C1-C6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0124] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R4 is unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R4 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of C3-C6 cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0125] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R ₄ is unsubstituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) include, but are not limited to, the following:

, wherein each of the -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0126] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R4 is unsubstituted -(C1-C4

alkyl)heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted -(C1-C4

alkyl)heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1- C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, the following:

, wherein each of the -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydoxyhydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0127] In certain embodiments of Formula II, R4 is unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is substituted heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, the following:

wherein each of the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydoxyhydroxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0128] Referring to the R ₅ substituent of Formula II, in certain embodiments, R ₅ is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R ₅ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₅ is fluoro.

[0129] Compounds of Formula II include compounds of Formula IIa, wherein R ₁ is C1- C4 alkyl and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula IIaa, wherein R ₁ is methyl and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula IIb, wherein R ₁ is halo and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula IIbb, wherein R ₁ is chloro or fluoro and R ₂ is cyano; compounds of Formula IIc, wherein each of R ₁ and R ₂ is independently halo; compounds of Formula IIcc, wherein each of R ₁ and R ₂ is chloro; and compounds of Formula IId, wherein R ₁ is hydrogen and R ₂ is chloro.

[0130] Referring to the R ₃ substituent of Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is hydrogen.

[0131] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is fluoro.

[0132] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is C1-C4 alkyl. In a further embodiment, R ₃ is methyl. In another further embodiment, R ₃ is CHF ₂ .

[0133] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₃ is -NR ^a R ^b . In a further embodiment, R ₃ is -NH ₂ .

[0134] Referring to the R ₄ substituent of the Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl).

[0135] For the Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In certain other embodiments, R4 is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxyhydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of C1-C6 alkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

, wherein each of the C1-C6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl,

heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0136] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R4 is unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R4 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of C3-C6 cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl,

heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0137] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is unsubstituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) include, but are not limited to, the following:

wherein each of the -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a Rb, -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0138] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is unsubstituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of -(C1-C4

alkyl)heterocycloalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

wherein each of the -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydoxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). [0139] For Formula IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₄ is unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, R4 is substituted heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) or cyano. In certain other embodiments, R ₄ is substituted

heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c or -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

Particular examples of heterocycloalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

wherein each of the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydoxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0140] Referring to the R ₅ substituent of Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, R ₅ is hydrogen. In certain other embodiments, R ₅ is halo. In a further embodiment, R ₅ is fluoro.

[0141] Referring to the R ₃ and R ₅ substituents of Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen. In a further embodiment, R ₄ is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In a still further embodiment, R4 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy. In certain other embodiments, R ₃ is -NH ₂ and R ₅ is hydrogen. In a further embodiment, R4 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1- C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. Particular examples of C1-C6 alkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

, wherein each of the C1-C6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl,

heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). [0142] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R4 is unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is substituted heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is substituted heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of heterocycloalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

wherein each of the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydoxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). [0143] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is unsubstituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl. In certain other embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is substituted -(C1-C4

alkyl)heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1- C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl include, but not limited to, the following:

wherein each of the -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydoxyhydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). [0144] For Formulae IIa, IIaa, IIb, IIbb, IIc, IIcc and IId, in certain embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is unsubstituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl). In certain other embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy, fluoro, -O(C1-C4 alkyl) and cyano. In certain other embodiments, each of R ₃ and R ₅ is hydrogen, and R ₄ is substituted -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a R ^b , -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and -NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl). Particular examples of -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) include, but not limited to, the following:

wherein each of the -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -O(C1-C4 alkyl), cyano, -C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)OR ^c , -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -NR ^a Rb, -NR ^a C(=O)OR ^c and

-NR ^a C(=O)(C1-C4 alkyl), and wherein each of R ^a , R ^b , and R ^c is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl).

[0145] One or more additional pharmacologically active agents may be administered in combination with a compound of Formula (I) or (II) (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof). An additional active agent (or agents) is intended to mean a pharmaceutically active agent (or agents) that is active in the body, including pro-drugs that convert to pharmaceutically active form after administration, which are different from the compounds of Formulae (I) or (II). The additional active agents also include free-acid, free-base and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said additional active agents. Generally, any suitable additional active agent or agents, including chemotherapeutic agents or therapeutic antibodies may be used in any combination with a compound of Formula (I) or (II) in a single dosage formulation (a fixed dose drug combination), or in one or more separate dosage formulations which allows for concurrent or sequential administration of the active agents (co-administration of the separate active agents) to subjects. In addition, the compounds of Formulae (I) or (II) (or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) can be administered in combination with radiation therapy, hormone therapy, surgery or immunotherapy.

[0146] The present application also provides methods for combination therapies in which the additional active agent is known to modulate other pathways, or other components of the same pathway, or even overlapping sets of target enzymes which are used in combination with a compound of Formula (I) or (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, such therapy includes but is not limited to the combination of one or more compounds of Formula (I) or (II) with chemotherapeutic agents, therapeutic antibodies, and radiation treatment, to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.

[0147] In one embodiment, the combination therapies comprise chemotherapeutic agents. Many such agents are presently known in the art and can be used in combination with the compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II). In some embodiments, the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti- hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti- androgens. Non-limiting examples are cytotoxic agents, and non-peptide small molecules such as Gleevec® (Imatinib Mesylate), Kyprolis® (carfilzomib), Velcade® (bortezomib), Casodex (bicalutamide), Iressa® (gefitinib), and Adriamycin as well. Non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXANTM™); alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide,

triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethylolomelamine; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, ranimustine; antibiotics such as aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, calicheamicin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin, Casodex™, chromomycins, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5- oxo- L-norleucine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogues such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6- mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6- azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifiuridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti- adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elfomithine;

elliptinium acetate; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan; lonidamine; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidamol; nitracrine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; podophyllinic acid; 2- ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK; razoxane; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2,2',2"-trichlorotriethylamine; urethan; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside ("Ara-C"); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel; retinoic acid; esperamicins; capecitabine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above.

[0148] Also included as suitable chemotherapeutic cell conditioners are anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens including for example tamoxifen, (Nolvadex™), raloxifene, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles, 4- hydroxy tamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, and toremifene; and anti- androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP- 16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C;

mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine; novantrone; teniposide; daunomycin;

aminopterin; xeloda; ibandronate; camptothecin-11 (CPT-11); and topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000.

[0149] Where desired, the compounds of Formula (I) or (II) or pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds can be used in combination with commonly prescribed anti-cancer drugs such as Herceptin®, Avastin®, Erbitux®, Rituxan®, Taxol®, Arimidex®, Taxotere®, ABVD, AVICINE, abagovomab, acridine carboxamide, adecatumumab, 17-N- allylamino-17- demethoxygeldanamycin, alpharadin, alvocidib, 3-aminopyridine-2- carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, amonafide, anthracenedione, anti-CD22 immunotoxins, Antineoplastic, antitumorigenic herbs, apaziquone, atiprimod, azathioprine, belotecan, bendamustine, BIBW 2992, biricodar, brostallicin, bryostatin, buthionine sulfoximine, calyculin, cell-cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents, dichloroacetic acid, discodermolide, elsamitrucin, enocitabine, epothilone, eribulin, everolimus, exatecan, exisulind, ferruginol, forodesine, fosfestrol, ICE chemotherapy regimen, IT-101, imexon, imiquimod, indolocarbazole, irofulven, laniquidar, larotaxel, lenalidomide, lucanthone, lurtotecan, mafosfamide, mitozolomide, nafoxidine, nedaplatin, olaparib, ortataxel, PAC- 1, pixantrone, proteasome inhibitor, rebeccamycin, resiquimod, rubitecan, SN-38, salinosporamide a, sapacitabine, swainsonine, talaporfin, tariquidar, tegafur- uracil, temozolimide, tesetaxel, triplatin tetranitrate, tris(2- chloroethyl)amine, troxacitabine, Vadimezan, Vinflunine, ZD6126 or Zosuquidar.

[0150] The present application further provides a method for using the compounds of Formula (I) or (II) or pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, in combination with radiation therapy for inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating the hyperproliferative disorder in the mammal. Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein. The administration of the compound of Formula (I) or (II) in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.

[0151] Radiation therapy can be administered through one of several methods, or a combination of methods, including without limitation external -beam therapy, internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, systemic radiation therapy, radiotherapy and permanent or temporary interstitial brachy therapy. The term "brachytherapy," as used herein, refers to radiation therapy delivered by a spatially confined radioactive material inserted into the body at or near a tumor or other proliferative tissue disease site. The term is intended without limitation to include exposure to radioactive isotopes (e.g., At-211, I-131, I -125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-188, Sm- 153, Bi-212, P-32, and radioactive isotopes of Lu). Suitable radiation sources for use as a cell conditioner of the present disclosure include both solids and liquids. By way of non-limiting example, the radiation source can be a radionuclide, such as I-125, I -131, Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid source, I-125 as a solid source, or other radionuclides that emit photons, beta particles, gamma radiation, or other therapeutic rays. The radioactive material can also be a fluid made from any solution of radionuclide(s), e.g., a solution of I-125 or I-131, or a radioactive fluid can be produced using a slurry of a suitable fluid containing small particles of solid radionuclides, such as Au-198, Y-90. Moreover, the radionuclide(s) can be embodied in a gel or radioactive microspheres.

[0152] The compounds of Formula (I) or (II) or pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds can be used in combination with an amount of one or more substances selected from anti-angiogenesis agents, signal transduction inhibitors, antiproliferative agents, glycolysis inhibitors, or autophagy inhibitors.

[0153] Anti-angiogenesis agents, such as MMP -2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors and MMP-9 (matrix-metalloproteinase 9) inhibitors, can be used in conjunction with a compound of the disclosure and pharmaceutical compositions described herein. Anti- angiogenesis agents include, for example, rapamycin, temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD001), sorafenib, sunitinib, and bevacizumab. Examples of useful matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are described in WO 96/33172, WO 96/27583 European Patent Publication No.

EP0818442, European Patent Publication No. EP1004578 , WO 98/07697, WO 98/03516, WO 98/34918, WO 98/34915, WO 98/33768, WO 98/30566, European Patent Publication No.

606046, European Patent Publication No.931788, WO 90/05719, WO 99/52910, WO 99/52889, WO 99/29667, WO 1999007675 , European Patent Publication No. EP1786785, European Patent Publication No. EP1181017, U.S. Publication No. US20090012085 , U.S. Patent No.5,863,949, U.S. Patent No.5,861,510, and European Patent Publication No. EP0780386. Preferred MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. More preferred, are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and/or AMP-9 relative to the other matrix- metalloproteinases (i.e., MAP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP- 7, MMP- 8, MMP- 10, MMP-11, MMP-12, and MMP-13). Some specific examples of MMP inhibitors useful in the combinations are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, and RS 13-0830.

[0154] The compounds of Formula (I) or (II) may also be used in co-therapies with other anti-neoplastic agents, such as acemannan, aclarubicin, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, altretamine, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, amrubicin, amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, ANCER, ancestim, ARGLABIN, arsenic trioxide, BAM 002 (Novelos), bexarotene,

bicalutamide, broxuridine, capecitabine, celmoleukin, cetrorelix, cladribine, clotrimazole, cytarabine ocfosfate, DA 3030 (Dong-A), daclizumab, denileukin diftitox, deslorelin, dexrazoxane, dilazep, docetaxel, docosanol, doxercalciferol, doxifluridine, doxorubicin, bromocriptine, carmustine, cytarabine, fluorouracil, HIT diclofenac, interferon alfa,

daunorubicin, doxorubicin, tretinoin, edelfosine, edrecolomab, eflornithine, emitefur, epirubicin, epoetin beta, etoposide phosphate, exemestane, exisulind, fadrozole, filgrastim, finasteride, fludarabine phosphate, formestane, fotemustine, gallium nitrate, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab zogamicin, gimeracil/oteracil/tegafur combination, glycopine, goserelin, heptaplatin, human chorionic gonadotropin, human fetal alpha fetoprotein, ibandronic acid, idarubicin, (imiquimod, interferon alfa, interferon alfa, natural, interferon alfa-2, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-Nl, interferon alfa-n3, interferon alfacon-1, interferon alpha, natural, interferon beta, interferon beta- la, interferon beta- lb, interferon gamma, natural interferon gamma- la, interferon gamma-lb, interleukin-1 beta, iobenguane, irinotecan, irsogladine, lanreotide, LC 9018 (Yakult), leflunomide, lenograstim, lentinan sulfate, letrozole, leukocyte alpha interferon, leuprorelin, levamisole + fluorouracil, liarozole, lobaplatin, lonidamine, lovastatin, masoprocol, melarsoprol, metoclopramide, mifepristone, miltefosine, mirimostim, mismatched double stranded RNA, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitoxantrone, molgramostim, nafarelin, naloxone + pentazocine, nartograstim, nedaplatin, nilutamide, noscapine, novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein, NSC 631570 octreotide, oprelvekin, osaterone, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pamidronic acid, pegaspargase, peginterferon alfa-2b, pentosan polysulfate sodium, pentostatin, picibanil, pirarubicin, rabbit antithymocyte polyclonal antibody, polyethylene glycol interferon alfa-2a, porfimer sodium, raloxifene, raltitrexed, rasburiembodiment, rhenium Re 186 etidronate, RII retinamide, rituximab, romurtide, samarium (153 Sm) lexidronam, sargramostim, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, sonermin, strontium-89 chloride, suramin, tasonermin, tazarotene, tegafur, temoporfin, temozolomide, teniposide, tetrachlorodecaoxide, thalidomide, thymalfasin, thyrotropin alfa, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab-iodine 131, trastuzumab, treosulfan, tretinoin, trilostane, trimetrexate, triptorelin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, natural, ubenimex, bladder cancer vaccine, Maruyama vaccine, melanoma lysate vaccine, valrubicin, verteporfin, vinorelbine, VIRULIZIN, zinostatin stimalamer, or zoledronic acid; abarelix; AE 941 (Aeterna), ambamustine, bcl-2 (Genta), APC 8015 (Dendreon), cetuximab, decitabine,

dexaminoglutethimide, diaziquone, EL 532 (Elan), EM 800 (Endorecherche), eniluracil, etanidazole, fenretinide, filgrastim SD01 (Amgen), fulvestrant, galocitabine, gastrin 17 immunogen, HLA-B7 gene therapy (Vical), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, histamine dihydrochloride, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ilomastat, IM 862 (Cytran), interleukin-2, iproxifene, LDI 200 (Milkhaus), leridistim, lintuzumab, CA 125 MAb (Biomira), cancer MAb (Japan Pharmaceutical Development), HER- 2 and Fc MAb (Medarex), idiotypic 105AD7 MAb (CRC Technology), idiotypic CEA MAb (Trilex), LYM-1 -iodine 131 MAb (Techni clone), polymorphic epithelial mucin-yttrium 90 MAb (Antisoma), marimastat, menogaril, mitumomab, motexafin gadolinium, MX 6 (Galderma), nelarabine, nolatrexed, P 30 protein, pegvisomant, pemetrexed, porfiromycin, prinomastat, RL 0903 (Shire), rubitecan, satraplatin, sodium phenylacetate, sparfosic acid, SRL 172 (SR Pharma), SU 5416 (SUGEN), TA 077 (Tanabe), tetrathiomolybdate, thaliblastine, thrombopoietin, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine, cancer vaccine (Biomira), melanoma vaccine (New York University), melanoma vaccine (Sloan Kettering Institute), melanoma oncolysate vaccine (New York Medical College), viral melanoma cell lysates vaccine (Royal Newcastle Hospital), or valspodar.

[0155] The compounds of Formula (I) or (II) may further be used with VEGFR inhibitors.

[0156] In some embodiments, the combination comprises a composition of the present invention in combination with at least one anti-angiogenic agent. An agent can be an agonist, antagonist, allosteric modulator, toxin or, more generally, may act to inhibit or stimulate its target (e.g., receptor or enzyme activation or inhibition), and thereby promote cell death or arrest cell growth.

[0157] Exemplary anti-angiogenic agents include ERBITUX™, KDR (kinase domain receptor) inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies and antigen binding regions that specifically bind to the kinase domain receptor), anti-VEGF agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind VEGF, or soluble VEGF receptors or a ligand binding region thereof) such as AVASTIN™ or VEGF-TRAP™, and anti-VEGF receptor agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto), EGFR inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto) such as Vectibix (panitumumab), IRES S A™ (gefitinib), TARCEVA™ (erlotinib), anti-Angl and anti-Ang2 agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding thereto or to their receptors, e.g., Tie2/Tek), and anti-Tie2 kinase inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto). The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can also include one or more agents (e.g., antibodies, antigen binding regions, or soluble receptors) that specifically bind and inhibit the activity of growth factors, such as antagonists of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as Scatter Factor), and antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind its receptor "c-met". Other anti-angiogenic agents include Campath, IL-8, B-FGF, Tek antagonists (Ceretti et al, U.S. Publication No.2003/0162712; U.S. Patent No.6,413,932), anti-TWEAK agents (e.g., specifically binding antibodies or antigen binding regions, or soluble TWEAK receptor antagonists; see, Wiley, U.S. Patent No.6,727,225), ADAM distintegrin domain to antagonize the binding of integrin to its ligands (Fanslow et al., U.S. Publication No.

2002/0042368), specifically binding anti-eph receptor and/or anti-ephrin antibodies or antigen binding regions (U.S. Patent Nos.5,981,245; 5,728,813; 5,969,110; 6,596,852; 6,232,447; and 6,057,124), and anti-PDGF-BB antagonists (e.g., specifically binding antibodies or antigen binding regions) as well as antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding to PDGF- BB ligands, and PDGFR kinase inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto).

[0158] Additional anti-angiogenic/anti -tumor agents include: SD-7784 (Pfizer, USA); cilengitide (Merck KGaA, Germany); pegaptanib octasodium, (Gilead Sciences, USA);

alphastatin (BioActa, UK); M-PGA, ilomastat, (Arriva, USA); emaxanib, (Pfizer, USA);

vatalanib (Novartis, Switzerland); 2-methoxyestradiol; TLC ELL-12 (Elan, Ireland); anecortave acetate (Alcon, USA); alpha-D148 Mab, (Amgen, USA); CEP-7055 (Cephalon, USA); anti-Vn Mab (Crucell, Netherlands) angiocidin (InKine Pharmaceutical, USA); KM-2550 (Kyowa Hakko, Japan); SU-0879 (Pfizer, USA); CGP-79787 (Novartis, Switzerland, EP 970070);

fibrinogen-E fragment (BioActa, UK); TBC-1635 (Encysive Pharmaceuticals, USA); SC-236 (Pfizer, USA); metastatin (EntreMed, USA); maspin (Sosei, Japan); ER-68203-00 (IVAX, USA); benefin (Lane Labs, USA); Tz-93 (Tsumura, Japan); TAN-1120 (Takeda, Japan); FR- 111142 (Fujisawa, Japan); platelet factor 4; vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist, (Borean, Denmark); bevacizumab (pINN), (Genentech, USA); angiogenesis inhibitors, (SUGEN, USA); XL 784, (Exelixis, USA); XL 647, (Exelixis, USA); MAb, alpha5beta3 integrin, second generation, (Applied Molecular Evolution, USA and Medlmmune, USA); enzastaurin hydrochloride (USAN), (Lilly, USA); CEP 7055, (Cephalon, USA and Sanofi-Synthelabo, France); BC 1, (Genoa Institute of Cancer Research, Italy); rBPI 21 and BPI-derived

antiangiogenic (XOMA, USA); PI 88 (Progen, Australia); cetuximab, (Aventis, France); AVE 8062 (Ajinomoto, Japan); AS 1404, (Cancer Research Laboratory, New Zealand); SG 292, (Telios, USA); endostatin, (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA); ANGIOSTATIN (Boston

Childrens Hospital, USA); AZD 6474, (AstraZeneca, UK); ZD 6126 (Angiogene

Pharmaceuticals, UK); PPI 2458, (Praecis, USA); AZD 9935 (AstraZeneca, UK); AZD 2171 (AstraZeneca, UK); vatalanib (Novartis, Switzerland and Schering AG, Germany); tissue factor pathway inhibitors, (EntreMed, USA); pegaptanib (Pinn), (Gilead Sciences, USA);

xanthorrhizol, (Yonsei University, South Korea); SDX 103, (University of California at San Diego, USA); PX 478, (ProlX, USA); METASTATIN (EntreMed, USA); troponin I, (Harvard University, USA); SU 6668, (SUGEN, USA); OXI 4503 (OXiGENE, USA); motuporamine C, (British Columbia University, Canada); CDP 791 (Celltech Group, UK); atiprimod

(GlaxoSmithKline, UK); E 7820 (Eisai, Japan); CYC 381 (Harvard University, USA); AE 941 (Aeterna, Canada); urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors; HIF-l alfa inhibitors; angiocidin (InKine, USA); GW 2286 (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); EHT 0101 (ExonHit, France); CP 868596 (Pfizer, USA); CP 564959 (OSI, USA); CP 547632 (Pfizer, USA); 786034, (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); KRN 633 (Kirin Brewery, Japan); tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors; KDR kinase inhibitors; combretastatin A4 prodrug (Arizona State University, USA); chondroitinase AC (IBEX, Canada); BAY RES 2690 (Bayer, Germany); tetrathiomolybdate (University of Michigan, USA); GCS 100 (Wayne State University, USA) CV 247 (Ivy Medical, UK); CKD 732, (Chong Kun Dang, South Korea); MAb, vascular endothelium growth factor, (Xenova, UK); irsogladine (Nippon Shinyaku, Japan); RG 13577 (Aventis, France); VE-cadherin-2 antagonists; vasostatin, (National Institutes of Health, USA); Flk-1, (ImClone Systems, USA); TZ 93 (Tsumura, Japan); TumStatin (Beth Israel Hospital, USA); forms of FLT 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1); Tie-2 ligands (Regeneron, USA); and thrombospondin 1 inhibitor (Allegheny Health, USA).

[0159] Additional active compounds/agents that can be used in the treatment of cancers and that can be used in combination with one or more compounds of Formula (I) or (II) include: epoetin alfa; darbepoetin alfa; panitumumab; pegfilgrastim; palifermin; filgrastim; denosumab; ancestim or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0160] The compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with an additional pharmaceutically active compound that disrupts or inhibits RAS-RAF-ERK or PI3K- AKT-TOR signaling pathways. In other such combinations, the additional pharmaceutically active compound is a PD-1 and PD-L1 antagonist. The compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure can also be used in combination with an amount of one or more substances selected from EGFR inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, ERK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, TOR inhibitors, Mcl-1 inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, SHP2 inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, and immune therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory imides (IMiDs), anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, anti-CTLA4, anti-LAGl, and anti- OX40 agents, GITR agonists, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs.

[0161] EGFR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, small molecule antagonists, antibody inhibitors, or specific antisense nucleotide or siRNA. Useful antibody inhibitors of EGFR include cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab (Vectibix), zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, and matuzumab. Small molecule antagonists of EGFR include gefitinib, erlotinib, and lapatinib.

[0162] Antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include any anti-EGFR antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely block EGFR activation by its natural ligand. Non- limiting examples of antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include those described in Modjtahedi, H., et al., 1993, Br. J. Cancer 67:247-253; Teramoto, T., et al., 1996, Cancer 77:639-645; Goldstein et al, 1995, Clin. Cancer Res.1 : 1311-1318; Huang, S. M., et al., 1999, Cancer Res.15:59(8): 1935-40; and Yang, X., et al., 1999, Cancer Res.59: 1236-1243. The EGFR inhibitor can be monoclonal antibody Mab E7.6.3 (Yang, 1999 supra), or Mab C225 (ATCC Accession No. HB- 8508), or an antibody or antibody fragment having the binding specificity thereof.

[0163] MEK inhibitors include, but are not limited to, CI-1040, AZD6244, PD318088, PD98059, PD334581, RDEA119, ARRY-142886, ARRY-438162, and PD-325901.

[0164] PI3K inhibitors include, but are not limited to, wortmannin, 17- hydroxywortmannin analogs described in WO 06/044453, 4-[2-(lH-Indazol-4-yl)-6-[[4- (methylsulfonyl)piperazin- l-yl]methyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]morpholine (also known as GDC 0941 and described in PCT Publication Nos. WO 09/036,082 and WO 09/055,730), 2- Methyl-2-[4-[3-methyl-2- oxo-8-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l- yl]phenyl]propionitrile (also known as BEZ 235 or NVP-BEZ 235, and described in PCT Publication No. WO 06/122806), LY294002 (2-(4-Morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-l-benzopyran-4- one available from Axon Medchem), PI 103 hydrochloride (3-[4-(4-morpholinylpyrido- [3',2':4,5]furo[3,2- d]pyrimidin-2-yl] phenol hydrochloride available from Axon Medchem), PIK 75 (N'-[(lE)-(6-bromoinddazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methylene]-N,2- dimethyl-5- nitrobenzenesulfono-hydrazide hydrochloride available from Axon Medchem), PIK 90 (N-(7,8- dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[l,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl)-nicotin amide available from Axon Medchem), GDC-0941 bismesylate (2-(lH-Indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-l- ylmethyl)-4-mo holin- 4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine bismesylate available from Axon

Medchem), AS-252424 (5-[l- [5-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-furan-2-yl]-meth-(Z)-ylidene] - thiazolidine-2,4-dione available from Axon Medchem), and TGX-221 (7-Methyl-2-(4- morpholinyl)-9-[l- (phenylamino)ethyl]-4H-pyrido-[l,2-a]pyrirnidin-4-one available from Axon Medchem), XL-765, and XL-147. Other PI3K inhibitors include demethoxyviridin, perifosine, CAL101, PX- 866, BEZ235, SF1126, INK1117, IPI-145, BKM120, XL147, XL765, Palomid 529, GSK1059615, ZSTK474, PWT33597, IC87114, TGI 00-115, CAL263, PI-103, GNE-477, CUDC-907, and AEZS-136.

[0165] AKT inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Akt-1-1 (inhibits Aktl) (Barnett et al. (2005) Biochem. J., 385 (Pt.2), 399-408); Akt-1-1,2 (Barnett et al. (2005) Biochem. J.385 (Pt.2), 399-408); API-59CJ-Ome (e.g., Jin et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 91, 1808-12); l-H- imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinyl compounds (e.g., WO05011700); indole-3-carbinol and derivatives thereof (e.g., U.S. Patent No.6,656,963; Sarkar and Li (2004) J Nutr.134(12 Suppl), 3493S- 3498S); perifosine; Dasmahapatra et al. (2004) Clin. Cancer Res.10(15), 5242-52, 2004);

phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (e.g., Gills and Dennis (2004) Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 13, 787-97); and triciribine (TCN or API-2 or NCI identifier: NSC 154020; Yang et al. (2004) Cancer Res.64, 4394-9).

[0166] TOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, inhibitors include AP -23573, CCI- 779, everolimus, RAD-001, rapamycin, temsirolimus, ATP-competitive TORC1/TORC2 inhibitors, including PI-103, PP242, PP30 and Torin 1. Other TOR inhibitors in FKBP12 enhancer; rapamycins and derivatives thereof, including: CCI-779 (temsirolimus), RAD001 (Everolimus; WO 9409010) and AP23573; rapalogs, e.g. as disclosed in WO 98/02441 and WO 01/14387, e.g. AP23573, AP23464, or AP23841; 40-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin, 40-[3- hydroxy(hydroxymethyl)methylpropanoate] -rapamycin , 40-epi-(tetrazolyt)-rapamycin (also called ABT578), 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pentynyloxy-32(S)- dihydrorapanycin, and other derivatives disclosed in WO 05005434; derivatives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,258,389, WO 94/090101, WO 92/05179, U.S. Pat. No.5,118,677, U.S. Pat. No.5,118,678, U.S. Pat. No.

5,100,883, U.S. Pat. No.5,151,413, U.S. Pat. No.5,120,842, WO 93/111130, WO 94/02136, WO 94/02485, WO 95/14023, WO 94/02136, WO 95/16691, WO 96/41807, WO 96/41807 and U.S. Pat. No.5,256,790; and phosphorus-containing rapamycin derivatives (e.g., WO

05016252).

[0167] MCl-1 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, AMG-176, MIK665, and S63845.

[0168] Proteasome inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Kyprolis® (carfilzomib), Velcade® (bortezomib), and oprozomib. [0169] Immune therapies include, but are not limited to, anti-PD-1 agents, anti-PD-L1 agents, anti-CTLA-4 agents, anti-LAGl agents, and anti-OX40 agents.

[0170] Monoclonal antibodies include, but are not limited to, Darzalex® (daratumumab), Herceptin® (trastuzumab), Avastin® (bevacizumab), Rituxan® (rituximab), Lucentis®

(ranibizumab), and Eylea® (aflibercept).

[0171] In a particular embodiment, the compounds of Formula (I) and (I) are used in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody. In certain embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, or nivolumab. In a specific embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody is pembrolizumab.

[0172] In other embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) and (II) are used in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody, such as atezolizumab, durvalumab, or avelumab.

[0173] In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) and (II) are used in combination with an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, e.g., ipilumumab.

[0174] The compounds of the invention can be used in combination with the agents disclosed herein or other suitable agents, depending on the condition being treated. Hence, in some embodiments the one or more compounds of the invention will be co-administered with other agents as described above. When used in combination therapy, the compounds described herein are administered with the second agent simultaneously or separately. This administration in combination can include simultaneous administration of the two agents in the same dosage form, simultaneous administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is, a compound of Formula (I) or (II) and any of the agents described above can be formulated together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously. Alternatively, a compound of Formula (I) or (II) and any of the agents described above can be simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate formulations. In another alternative, a compound of Formula (I) or (II) can be administered just followed by and any of the agents described above, or vice versa. In some embodiments of the separate administration protocol, a compound of Formula (I) or (II) and any of the agents described above are administered a few minutes apart, or a few hours apart, or a few days apart.

[0175] As one aspect of the present invention contemplates the treatment of the disease/conditions with a combination of pharmaceutically active compounds that may be administered separately, the invention further relates to combining separate pharmaceutical compositions in kit form. The kit comprises two separate pharmaceutical compositions: a compound of Formula (I) or (II), and a second pharmaceutical compound. The kit comprises a container for containing the separate compositions such as a divided bottle or a divided foil packet. Additional examples of containers include syringes, boxes, and bags. In some embodiments, the kit comprises directions for the use of the separate components. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing health care professional.

[0176] In another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of Formula I:

the process comprising reacting an intermediate of Formula A:

with an intermediate of Formula B:

in the presence of a base to give a compound of Formula I, optionally adding or removing any protecting groups if desired, and optionally forming any salt if desired, wherein:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

X is N or CR ₆ ; R ₁ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, or halo;

R ₂ is hydrogen, halo or cyano;

R ₃ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, cyano, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, or -NR ^a R ^b , wherein R ^a or R ^b is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl);

R ₄ is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C10heteroalkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)NH ₂ , C3- C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, C2-C5 alkenyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -C0-C4 alkylS(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl), -S(=O) ₂ phenyl, -S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl, -C0-C4

alkylC(=O)heterocycloalkyl, -C0-C4 alkyl C(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)C(=O)OH or -(C1-C8 alkyl)OH, wherein R ₄ is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from deuterium, halo, hydroxy, -(C0-C4alkyl)O(C1-C4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4alkyl)cyano, -S(=O) ₂ (C1- C4 alkyl), - C0-C4 alkylC(=O)NR ^a R ^b , -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl), C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, oxo, -(C1-C4 alkyl)OH, and -NH ₂ , wherein each of R ^a and R ^b is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl;

R ₅ is hydrogen, halo, -NH ₂ or C1-C4 alkyl;

R ₆ is hydrogen, halo or C1-C4 alkyl; and

R ₇ is hydrogen, halo, heteroalkyl, C1-C4 alkyl, -(C0-C4 alkyl)O( C1-C4 alkyl), -(C1-C4

alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, or

heterocycloalkyl.

[0177] The present invention also provides a process for preparing a compound of Formula II:

The process comprises reacting an intermediate of Formula A:

with an intermediate of Formula B:

in the presence of a base to give a compound of Formula II, optionally adding or removing any protecting groups if desired, and optionally forming any salt if desired, wherein:

R ₁ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or halo;

R ₂ is halo or cyano;

R ₃ is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, cyano or -NR ^a R ^b , wherein R ^a or R ^b is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl);

R _3a is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, cyano or -NR ^a R ^b , wherein R ^a or R ^b is independently hydrogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -C(=O)O(C1-C4 alkyl) or C1-C4 alkyl, or R ^a /R ^b and the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a 5 or 6-membered ring optionally independently substituted by one or more substituents selected from halo, C1- C4 alkyl, cyano, hydroxy and -O(C1-C4 alkyl); R4 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), -(C1-C4 alkyl)phenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heteroaryl, C2-C5 alkenyl, -(C1-C4 alkyl)heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -S(=O) ₂ (C1-C4 alkyl),

-S(=O) ₂ phenyl or -S(=O) ₂ heteroaryl; and R ₅ is hydrogen, halo or C1-C4 alkyl.

[0178] Examples of bases include inorganic bases (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, and tripotassium phosphate) and organic bases (e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, and 2,6- lutidine). Suitable solvent include pyridine, DMF, THF and dichloromethane. Unless specified to the contrary, the reactions described herein take place at atmospheric pressure, generally within a temperature range from -10 °C to 200 °C. Further, except as otherwise specified, reaction times and conditions are intended to be approximate, e.g., taking place at about atmospheric pressure within a temperature range of about -10 °C to about 110 °C over a period of about 1 to about 24 hours; reactions left to run overnight average a period of about 16 hours.

[0179] In some embodiments, a compound of the present disclosure, for example a compound in Table 1, is synthesized according to the process for compounds of Formulae I and II outlined above, Examples 1-36 or by methods generally known in the art. Table 1

Method of Use

[0180] An RBM39 degrader can have therapeutic benefits, for example, for the treatment of proliferative disorders. Though RBM39 protein may lack enzymatic active sites that can be targeted by inhibitors, small molecules can selectively target RBM39 protein for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. For example, the small molecule aromatic

sulfonamides indisulam and E7820 potentiate the productive formation of a complex between RBM39 protein and DCAF15, the substrate recognition subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CUL4-DDB1-DDA1-RBX1-DCAF15 that does not otherwise ubiquitinate RBM39 protein in vivo (Han, et al. Science.2017 Apr 28;356(6336); Uehara, et al. Nat Chem Biol.2017 Jun;13(6):675-680).

[0181] With RBM39 protein established as the primary molecular target of the aromatic sulfonamides indisulam and E7820, the need to develop safe, selective, efficacious, and orally bioavailable alternatives to these sulfonamides becomes paramount. Clinical studies with these sulfonamides were obscured by the lack of knowledge of molecular target. Since the introduction of indisulam and E7820, at least 4 different proteins/pathways have been proposed as potential molecular targets, including carbonic anhydrase, anti-angiogenesis mediated by suppression of integrin a2 expression, regulation of mitochondria, and cytostasis induced by retinoblastoma hypophosphorylation. A lack of mechanistic insight and selectivity for these agents likely explains their toxicity and limited impact in the clinic. In addition, there were significant developmental obstacles for both indisulam and E7820. Indisulam has poor oral bioavailability and was restricted to a cycle of IV dosing followed by drug holiday (700 mg/m ² , 1 hour IV infusion, every 3 weeks). The on/off dosing cycle was necessitated by a treatment-induced myelosuppressive effect. The most frequent myelosuppressive adverse events with toxicity grade - 3 were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. On the other hand, despite achieving good oral bioavailability, E7820 faced many of the same challenges as indisulam. Although it was dosed orally and for longer periods than indisulam, treatment with E7820 resulted in the same myelosuppressive effects and required a similar on/off dosing cycle to mitigate (1 cycle = 28 days at 100 mg q.d. followed by 7 days holiday). E7820 also suffers from greater than 99% plasma protein binding; according to the free drug principle, this means that less than 1% of the measured E7820 drug concentration is available to mediate RBM39 protein degradation. To achieve effective target coverage, the free drug principle implies that higher dosing will be necessary for highly protein-bound compounds such as E7820. The development of RBM39 degraders with good oral bioavailability, selectivity and reduced plasma protein binding can enable a favorable circumstance for evaluating the therapeutic potential of small molecule- mediated RBM39 degradation. [0182] The present disclosure provides compounds that are capable of inducing degradation of RBM39 protein. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventors believe that the compounds induce degradation of RBM39 protein (i.e., they are RBM39 degraders) by potentiating the productive formation of a complex between RBM39 protein and DCAF15, the substrate recognition subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This leads to subsequent ubiquitination and protosomal degradation of RBM39 protein.

[0183] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a proliferative disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method for treating the proliferative disorder comprises administering to said subject an RBM39 degrader. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I is an RBM39 degrader. In some embodiments, the proliferative disorder is a cancer condition. In some further embodiments, said cancer condition is a cancer selected from the group consisting of leukemia, melanoma, lymphoma, lung cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer. In a further embodiment, said cancer condisiton is colon cancer.

[0184] As used herein, a therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount sufficient to effect the intended application, including but not limited to, disease treatment, as defined herein. Also contemplated in the subject methods is the use of a sub-therapeutic amount of a compound of Formula I for treating an intended disease condition.

[0185] The amount of a compound of Formula I administered may vary depending upon the intended application (in vitro or in vivo), or the subject and disease condition being treated, e.g., the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the manner of administration and the like, which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0186] In some other embodiments, the subject methods are useful for treating a disease condition associated with RBM39 protein. Any disease condition that results directly or indirectly from an abnormal activity RBM39 protein or expression level of RBM39 gene can be an intended disease condition. In some embodiments, the disease condition is a proliferative disorder, such as described herein, including but not limited to cancer. In some embodiments, the disease condition is cancer. Aberrant pre-mRNA splicing is emerging as a common theme in diverse human cancers; consequently, agents that target these pathways, for example, RBM39 protein, have therapeutic value. The data presented in the Examples herein below demonstrate the anti-cancer effects of compounds of Formula I. As such, the subject method is particularly useful for treating a proliferative disorder, such as leukemia such as for example, Acute Myeliod Leukemia (AML), lymphoma, including EZH2 mutant limphoma, lung cancer, melanoma, colon cancer and ovarian cancer.

[0187] Compounds of the invention may be administered by any convenient route, e.g. into the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. rectally or orally), the nose, lungs, musculature or vasculature, or transdermally or dermally. Compounds may be administered in any convenient administrative form, e.g. tablets, powders, capsules, solutions, dispersions, suspensions, syrups, sprays, suppositories, gels, emulsions, patches etc. Such compositions may contain components conventional in pharmaceutical preparations, e.g. diluents, carriers, pH modifiers, sweeteners, bulking agents, and further active agents. If parenteral administration is desired, the

compositions will be sterile and in a solution or suspension form suitable for injection or infusion. Such compositions form a further aspect of the invention.

[0188] A composition of the present disclosure may be formulated in any suitable pharmaceutical formulation. A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure typically contains an active ingredient (e.g., a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a

pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or coordination complex thereof), and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers, including but not limited to: inert solid diluents and fillers, diluents, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents, permeation enhancers, solubilizers, and adjuvants. A composition of the present disclosure may be formulated in any suitable pharmaceutical formulation for intended route of delivery. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical acceptable carriers or excipients are selected from water, alcohol, glycerol, chitosan, alginate, chondroitin, Vitamin E, mineral oil, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

[0189] Pharmaceutical formulations may be provided in any suitable form, which may depend on the route of administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be formulated in dosage form for administration to a subject. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for oral, intravenous, intraarterial, aerosol, parenteral, buccal, topical, transdermal, rectal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraosseous, intranasal, intrapulmonary, transmucosal, inhalation, and/or intraperitoneal administration. In some embodiments, the dosage form is formulated for oral administration. For example, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated in the form of a pill, a tablet, a capsule, an inhaler, a liquid suspension, a liquid emulsion, a gel, or a powder. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as a unit dosage in liquid, gel, semi-liquid, semi-solid, or solid form.

[0190] In some embodiments, the invention provides a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing: (i) a compound having Formula I or Formula II; and (ii) a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for oral administration. In some embodiments, the composition further contains: (iii) a third agent or even a fourth agent. In some embodiments, each compound or agent is present in a therapeutically effective amount. In other embodiments, one or more compounds or agents is present in a sub-therapeutic amount, and the compounds or agents act synergistically to provide a therapeutically effective pharmaceutical composition.

[0191] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of Formulae I or II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament for the treatment of a condition that can be treated with an RBM39 degrader, such as a condition as defined hereinabove. In one embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formulae I or II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament for the treatment of cancer. EXAMPLES

[0192] Preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) separations described herein were typically performed on 20 x 20 cm plates (500 micron thick silica gel).

[0193] Chromatographic purifications were typically performed using Biotage Isolera One automated systems running Biotage Isolera One 2.0.6 software (Biotage LLC, Charlotte, NC). Flow rates were the default values specified for the particular column in use. Reverse phase chromatography was performed using elution gradients of water and acetonitrile on KP-C18-HS Flash+ columns (Biotage LLC) of various sizes. Typical loading was between 1:50 and 1:1000 crude sample : RP SiO2 by weight. Normal phase chromatography was performed using elution gradients of various solvents (e.g. hexane, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, methanol, acetone, chloroform, MTBE, etc.). The columns were SNAP Cartridges containing KP-SIL or SNAP Ultra (25 mm spherical particles) of various sizes (Biotage LLC). Typical loading was between 1:10 to 1:150 crude sample : SiO2 by weight. Alternatively, silica gel chromatography was performed on a Biotage Horizon flash chromatography system.

[0194] ¹ H NMR analyses of intermediates and exemplified compounds were typically performed on an Agilent Technologies 400/54 or Bruker Ascend TM 400 spectrometer

(operating at 400 MHz) at 298 °K following standard operating procedure suggested by manufacturer. Reference frequency was set using TMS as an internal standard. Typical deuterated solvents were utilized as indicated in the individual examples.

[0195] LCMS analyses were typically performed using one of the two conditions listed below:

[0196] (1) LCMS spectra were taken on an Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity coupled to 6120 Quadrupole spectrometer. The mobile phase for the LC was acetontrile (A) and water (B) with 0.01% formic acid, and the eluent gradient was from 5-95% A in 6.0 min, 60-95% A in 5.0 min, 80-100% A in 5.0 min and 85-100% A in 10 min using a SBC1850 mm×4.6 mm× 2.7 mm capillary column. Mass spectra (MS) were measured by electrospray ion-mass spectroscopy (ESI). All temperatures are in degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.

[0197] (2) LCMS analysis of intermediates and exemplified compounds was performed on an Agilent Technologies 1200 Series HPLC system coupled to an Agilent Technologies 6150 Quadrapole LC/MS detector. Analytes were detected by UV absorbance at 220 and 254 nm. Analyte ions were detected by mass spectrometry in both negative and positive modes (110– 800 amu scan range, API-ES ionization). A long HPLC method was run on a Phenomenex ^® Kinetex 2.6 m C18100Å, 30 x 3.00 mm column. The column temperature was set at 40 °C. UV absorptions were detected at 220 and 254 nm. Samples were prepared as a solution in about 1:1 (v/v) acetonitrile:water mixture. Flow rate was about 0.80 mL/minute. Elution solvents were acetonitrile and water each containing 0.1% formic acid. In a typical run, a linear gradient starting with 5% acetonitrile and 95% water and ending with 95% acetonitrile and 5% water over 12 minutes was carried out. At the end of each run, the column was washed with 95% acetonitrile and 5% water for 2 minutes.

[0198] Typically, analytical HPLC mass spectrometry conditions were as follows:

[0199] LC1: Column: SB-C1850 mm×4.6 mm× 2.7 mm; Temperature: 50 °C; Eluent: 5:95 v/v acetonitrile/water + 0.01% formic acid in 6 min; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min; Injection 5 µL; Detection: PDA, 200-600 nm; MS: mass range 150-750 amu; positive ion electrospray ionization.

[0200] LC2: Column: SB-C1850 mm×4.6 mm× 2.7 mm; Temperature: 50 °C; Eluent: 5:95 to 95:5 v/v acetonitrile/water + 0.05% TFA over 3.00 min; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min;

Injection 5µL; Detection: PDA, 200-600 nm; MS: mass range 150-750 amu; positive ion electrospray ionization.

[0201] LC3: Column: SB-C1850 mm×4.6 mm× 2.7 mm; Temperature: 50 °C; Eluent: 10:90 to 98:2 v acetonitrile/water + 0.05% TFA over 3.75 min; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min; Injection 10 µL; Detection: PDA, 200-600 nm; MS: mass range 150-750 amu; positive ion electrospray ionization.

[0202] Preparative HPLC were carried out with one of the two conditions listed below:

[0203] Condition 1: GILSON Preparative HPLC System; Column: SHISEIDO

CAPCELL PAK, MG; C18, 20mm×250mm, 5mm; Mobile phase: Water + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; ACN + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; Method: 15 minutes gradient elution; Initial organic : 10%; Final organic: 80%; UV1: 240; UV2: 230; Flow: 15ml/min.

[0204] Condition 2: GILSON Preparative HPLC System; Column: SunFire ^ Prep C18 OBD ^ 5 uM, 19mm×150mm; Mobile phase: Water + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; ACN + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; Method: 20 minutes gradient elution; Initial organic: 10%; Final organic: 80%; UV1: 220; UV2: 254; Flow: 15 ml/min.

[0205] Compound names were generated with ChemDraw Professional 15.1 or OpenEye Scientific Software’s mol2nam application.

[0206] Example 1: Synthesis of N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide (Compound 1).

[0207] A vial was charged with 3-chloro-1H-indol-7-amine (64.6 mg, 0.39 mmol) and 1- methylpyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (70.0 mg, 0.39 mmol). Pyridine (1.5 mL) was added and the sealed vial was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 10% to 80% EtOAc:DCM gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamid e (98.9 mg, 0.302 mmol, 78 % yield) as a beige solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): d 9.20 (br s, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.00 (d, 1H), 6.56 (d, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 1.57 (s, 3H). m/z (ES- API-pos) [M+1] 311, 313.

[0208] Example 2: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 3).

[0209] N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfo namide was prepared analogously to the procedure for Example 1, substituting 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole- 3-carbonitrile for 3-chloro-1H-indol-7-amine. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 316.

[0210] Example 3: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2- hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 25).

[0211] Step A: Preparation of 2-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)ethanol: A vial containing a solution of 2-hydrazinylethanol (0.02 mL, 0.31 mmol) and 2-benzylsulfanylpropanedial (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) was heated at 65 °C. After 20 min, the reaction mixture was evaporated to afford 2-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)ethanol. The crude product was used as is in the next step. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 235.

[0212] Step B: Preparation of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride: A solution of crude 2-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)ethanol (72 mg theoretical, 0.31mmol) in acetic acid (1mL) and water (0.1 mL) was treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (102.6 mg, 0.77 mmol) at room temperature. A slight exotherm was observed. After 5 min, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g KP-sil column with a 60% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford 1-(2- hydroxyethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (17.2 mg, 0.0817 mmol, 26.6% yield over 2 steps). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 211.

[0213] Step C: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2- hydroxyethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A flask was charged with 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3- carbonitrile (53.64 mg, 0.31 mmol) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (66 mg, 0.31 mmol). Pyridine (2 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was absorbed on silica gel and chromatographed on a Biotage 25 g ultra SNAP column with a 5% to 80% (3:1 EtOAc:EtOH):DCM gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazol e-4-sulfonamide (60.3 mg, 0.166 mmol, 52.9 % yield) as a beige solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 4.18 (t, 2H), 3.82 (t, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 346.

[0214] Example 4: Synthesis of N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide (Compound 40).

[0215] Cesium carbonate (76.9 mg, 0.24 mmol) was added to a microwave vial containing a mixture of N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (35.0 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (1 mL).3-Bromooxetane (0.0098 mL, 0.12 mmol) was added to this mixture and the vial was heated in a microwave at 150 °C for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 10% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3- chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (13.4 mg, 0.036 mmol, 31 % yield) as a solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 6.98 (t, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 5.49-5.42 (m, 1H), 4.96-4.89 (m, 4H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 353, 355.

[0216] Example 5: Synthesis of N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide (Compound 59).

[0217] A vial containing 3-bromopropanenitrile (0.0084 mL, 0.1 mmol), N-(3-chloro- 1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (30 mg, 0.1 mmol), and cesium carbonate (65.9 mg, 0.2 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at 60 ºC. After 8 h, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 10% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N- (3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonam ide (31.8 mg, 0.086 mmol, 85% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 6.99 (t, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H), 4.28 (t, 2H), 2.96 (t, 2H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 350, 352.

[0218] Example 6: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-cyclobutyl- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 61).

[0219] N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-cyclobutyl-pyrazole-4-s ulfonamide was prepared as described in Example 1, substituting 1-cyclobutylpyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride for 1- methylpyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride and 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile for 3-chloro- 1H-indol-7-amine. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 4.77 (p, 1H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.50-2.38 (m, 4H), 1.89-1.80 (m, 2H). m/z (ES- API-pos) [M+1] 356.

[0220] Example 7: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide (Compound 65).

[0221] Step A: Preparation of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde: A mixture of phosphorus (V) oxychloride (0.52 mL, 5.6 mmol) and DMF (15 mL) was stirred at 0 ºC for 1 hour. A solution of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole (1.00 g, 5.55 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice. Aqueous NaOH solution (3 N, 7.4 mL, 22 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated at 80 ºC for 10 min. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to give 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde. The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 209.

[0222] Step B: Preparation of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde oxime: A mixture of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1.15 g, 5.52 mmol), sodium acetate (0.906 g, 11.0 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.576 g, 8.29 mmol) in ethanol (28 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and

concentrated to give crude 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde oxime, which was used in the next step without further purification. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 224.

[0223] Step C: Preparation of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile: 4-fluoro-7-nitro- 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde oxime (1.23 g, 5.51 mmol) was dissolved in THF (18 mL) and treated with 1;1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole (1.67 g, 9.37 mmol) for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (10-50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (140 mg, 12% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 206.

[0224] Step D: Preparation of 7-amino-4-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile: To a solution of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (0.14 g, 0.68 mmol) in ethanol (6 mL) and water (0.6 mL) was added iron (0.19 g, 3.4 mmol) and NH ₄ Cl (0.37 g, 6.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 ºC for 2 hours. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated and diluted with ethyl acetate. The mixture was then filtered. The filtrate was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (20- 80% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 7-amino-4-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (0.080 g, 67% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 176.

[0225] Step E: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide: A mixture of 7-amino-4-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (0.015 g, 0.086 mmol) and 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (0.016 g, 0.086 mmol) in pyridine (0.8 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (1-5% MeOH/DCM) to give N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfo namide (25 mg, 91% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3) ₂ CO): d 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 6.88-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.88 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 320.

[0226] Example 8: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1- (cyclopropylmethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 69).

[0227] A vial containing (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (0.008 mL, 0.083 mmol), N-(3- cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (25.mg, 0.08mmol), and cesium carbonate (54.1 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at 50 °C. After 2.75 h, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 20% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyra zole-4- sulfonamide (14.7 mg, 0.039 mmol, 47% yield) as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 3.93 (d, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.23-1.09 (m, 1H), 0.58-0.52 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.26 (m, 2H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 356.

[0228] Example 9: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 71).

[0229] N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)m ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonamide was prepared in a similar way as Example 8, substituting 3-(bromomethyl)-3- methyloxetane for (bromomethyl)cyclopropane. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD): d 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 4.59 (d, 2H), 4.29-4.26 (m, 4H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.04 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 386. [0230] Example 10: Synthesis of N-(3-chloro-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 75).

[0231] Step A: Preparation of 4-methyl-1H-indol-7-amine: To a microwave reactor tube was added CuI (21 mg, 0.11 mmol), L-proline (26 mg, 0.22 mmol), potassium carbonate (233 mg, 1.69 mmol), DMSO (2.8 mL) and 7-bromo-4-methyl-1H-Indole (118 mg, 0.560 mmol) under nitrogen, followed by the addition of 28-30% ammonia hydroxide aqueous solution (1.4 mL). The resulting suspension was heated under microwave at 155 ºC for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature, suspended in water and EtOAc, and further extracted with EtOAc. Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The crude oil was then purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (20- 100% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 4-methyl-1H-indol-7-amine (41 mg, 50% yield). m/z (ES-API- pos) [M+1] 147.

[0232] Step B: Preparation of 1-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide: A mixture of 4-methyl-1H-indol-7-amine (0.010 g, 0.068 mmol) and 1-methyl-1H- pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (0.012 g, 0.068 mmol) in pyridine (0.7 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (1-5% MeOH/DCM) to give 1-methyl-N- (4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (10 mg, 50% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 291.

[0233] Step C: Preparation of N-(3-chloro-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide: To a stirred solution of 1-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide (5 mg, 0.02 mmol) in THF (0.3 mL) was added 1N HCl (10 ^L) followed by N- chlorosuccinamide (3 mg, 0.02 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO ₃ solution and brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1-5% MeOH/DCM) to give N-(3-chloro-4- methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (3 mg, 54% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD ₃ ) ₂ CO): d 10.24 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 6.74 (d, 1H), 6.71 (d, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 325.

[0234] Example 11: Synthesis of 1-(2-Cyanoethyl)-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 77).

[0235] 1-(2-Cyanoethyl)-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide was prepared in a similar manner as Example 8, substituting 3-bromopropanenitrile for

(bromomethyl)cyclopropane. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 4.39 (t, 2H), 3.00 (t, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 355.

[0236] Example 12: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 79).

[0237] Step A: Preparation of (2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate:

Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.018 mL, 0.24 mmol) was added to an ice-cold solution

of triethylamine (0.055 mL, 0.40 mmol) and 2,2-difluoro-cyclopropanemethanol, (0.019 mL, 0.16 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL). The mixture was stirred in ice. After 40min the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to afford (2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate (25.5 mg, 0.137 mmol, 87% yield) as a colorless oil. Used as is in the next step.

[0238] Step B: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A vial containing (2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate (25.3 mg, 0.14 mmol), N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H- indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 99, 41.0 mg, 0.14 mmol), and cesium carbonate (88.7 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was heated at 100 ºC. After 45 min, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 20% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford impure desired product. This was chromatographed on a Biotage 12+M reverse phase column with a 20% to 100% ACN:water gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (14.6 mg, 0.035 mmol, 26% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 4.25-4.20 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.26 (m, 1H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 392.

[0239] Example 13: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1- (fluoromethyl)vinyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 80).

[0240] Step A: Preparation of [2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethyl] methanesulfonate:

Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.018 mL, 0.24 mmol) was added to an ice-cold solution

of triethylamine (0.55 mL, 0.40 mmol) and 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol (0.012 mL, 0.16

mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL). The mixture was stirred in ice. After 45 min the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO ₃ , dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated to afford [2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethyl] methanesulfonate (20.8 mg,0.12 mmol, 72% yield). Used as is in the next step.

[0241] Step B: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1- (fluoromethyl)vinyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A vial containing [2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethyl] methanesulfonate (20.8 mg, 0.12 mmol), N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide (36.0 mg, 0.12 mmol), and cesium carbonate (77.9 mg, 0.24 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was heated in a microwave at 130 °C for 30min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 20% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3- cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1-(fluoromethyl)vinyl]pyraz ole-4-sulfonamide (4.0 mg, 0.011 mmol, 9% yield) as a solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H), 5.74-5.72 (m, 1H), 5.31-5.29 (m, 1H), 5.29 (d, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 360.

[0242] Example 14: Synthesis of N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide (Compound 81).

[0243] Step A: Preparation of tert-Butyl N-(4-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)carbamate: To a stirred solution of 4-chloro-1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid (721 mg, 3.69 mmol) in toluene (18 mL) were added triethylamine (2.06 mL, 14.7 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.91 mL, 4.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. tert-Butanol (0.78 mL, 8.1 mmol) was added to the reaction. The mixture was heated at 100 ºC for 3 hours. After cooling, the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (10-40% EtOAc/hexanes) to give tert-butyl N-(4-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)carbamate (470 mg, 48% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 267.

[0244] Step B: Preparation of tert-Butyl N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)carbamate: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl N-(4-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)carbamate (0.043 g, 0.16 mmol) in THF (1.6 mL) was added 1N HCl (50 ^L) followed by N-chlorosuccinamide (0.024 g, 0.18 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (10-30% EtOAc/hexanes) to give tert-butyl N-(3,4-dichloro-1H- indol-7-yl)carbamate (0.038 g, 78% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 301.

[0245] Step C: Preparation of 3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-amine: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)carbamate (0.038 g, 0.13mmol) in DCM (0.4687mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.097 mL, 1.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, dried and concentrated to afford 3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-amine, which was used in the next step without further purification. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 201.

[0246] Step D: Preparation of N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4- sulfonamide: A mixture of 3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-amine (0.010 g, 0.05 mmol) and 1-methyl- 1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (0.009 g, 0.05 mmol) in pyridine (0.5 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (1-5% MeOH/DCM) to give N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonami de (0.010 g, 58% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3) ₂ CO): d 10.64 (s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 6.99 (d, 1H), 6.85 (d, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 345.

[0247] Example 15: Synthesis of N-(3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-5-fluoro- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 102).

[0248] N-(3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-5-fluoro-pyrazole -4-sulfonamide was prepared as described in Example 1, substituting 1-ethyl-5-fluoro-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride for 1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride and 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3- carbonitrile for 3-chloro-1H-indol-7-amine. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.49 (br s, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.68 (d, 1H), 4.03 (q, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.33 (t, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 348.

[0249] Example 16: Synthesis of N-(3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 38).

[0250] Step A: Preparation of tert-Butyl N-[(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)amino]carbamate: tert- Butyl 3-(4-cyanophenyl)oxaziridine-2-carboxylate (148.4 mg, 0.60 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-methyloxetan-3-amine (50.0 mg, 0.57 mmol) in diethyl ether (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. The reaction mixture was

evaporated and chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 5% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford tert-butyl N-[(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)amino]carbamate (47.7 mg, 0.21 mmol, 37% yield).

[0251] Step B: Preparation of [(3-Methyloxetan-3-yl)amino]ammonium; 2,2,2- trifluoroacetate: Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL, 13.5 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl N- [(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)amino]carbamate (15.9 mg, 0.079 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored by TLC (silica gel; 2:1 hexane:EtOAc; iodine development). After 1.25 h, the reaction mixture was evaporated without heat to afford [(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)amino]ammonium; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (16 mg, 0.074 mmol, 94% yield). Used as is in the next reaction.

[0252] Step C: Preparation of 4-Benzylsulfanyl-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole: A vial containing [(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)amino]ammonium; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (16.0 mg, 0.074 mmol) and 2-benzylsulfanylpropanedial (14.4 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) was heated at 70 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to afford 4-benzylsulfanyl-1- (3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole (18.4 mg, 0.0707 mmol, 96% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 261.

[0253] Step D: Preparation of 1-(3-Methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride: A solution of crude 4-benzylsulfanyl-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole (18.4 mg, 0.0707 mmol) in acetic acid (1 mL) and water (0.1 mL) was treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (23.6 mg, 0.18 mmol). After 15 min, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was

chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 5% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford 1-(3-methyloxetan-3- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (10.0 mg, 0.0423 mmol, 60% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 237, 239.

[0254] Step E: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A flask was charged with 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3- carbonitrile (7.0 mg, 0.041 mmol) and 1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (9.68 mg, 0.041 mmol). Pyridine (1 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature. After 30 min, the reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was absorbed on silica gel and chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 20% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)py razole-4- sulfonamide (13 mg, 0.033 mmol, 81% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 4.98 (d, 2H), 4.61 (d, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.79 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 372. [0255] Example 17: Synthesis of N-(3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2- methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 108).

[0256] N-(3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-pro pyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonamide was prepared as described in Example 16, substituting 1-amino-2-methyl-2- propanol for 3-methyloxetan-3-amine in Step A. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 4.03 (d, 2H), 3.32-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.06 (s, 6H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 374.

[0257] Example 18: Synthesis of N-(3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1- (trideuteriomethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 110).

[0258] N-(3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(trideuteriomethyl)pyra zole-4- sulfonamide was prepared similarly to Example 3, substituting 2-(methyl-d3)hydrazin-1-ium hydrogen sulfate for 2-hydrazinylethanol in Step A. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD): d 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H), 2.67 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 319.

[0259] Example 19: Synthesis of N-(3,4-Dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 115).

[0260] Step A: Preparation of Diethyl 2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propanedioate: Potassium carbonate (1425 mg, 10.3 mmol) was added to a vial containing a solution of 4-iodo- 1H-pyrazole (1000 mg, 5.16 mmol) in DMF (4 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 min, then treated with 2-bromo-2-methyl-propanedioic acid- 1,3-diethyl ester (1.18 mL, 6.19 mmol). The sealed vial was heated at 100 °C. After 25 min, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 50 g ultra SNAP column with a 0% to 40% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford diethyl 2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propanedioate (1773 mg, 4.60 mmol, 89% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 367.

Step B: Preparation of 2-(4-Iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol: Sodium borohydride (365.8 mg, 9.67 mmol) was added portionwise over 5 min to a solution of diethyl 2-(4- iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propanedioate (1770 mg, 4.83 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) cooled in an ice-bath. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to afford 2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propane- 1,3-diol (1070 mg, 3.79 mmol, 79% yield). Used as is. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 283.

[0261] Step C: Preparation of [3-Hydroxy-2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl] 4- methylbenzenesulfonate: p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (723 mg, 3.79 mmol) was added to a vial containing a solution of 2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol (1070 mg, 3.79 mmol) in pyridine (12 mL). The sealed vial was stirred at RT for 1.25 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and chromatographed on a Biotage 50 g ultra SNAP column with a 10% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford [3- hydroxy-2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (569 mg, 1.24 mmol, 32.7% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 437; [M+23] 459.

[0262] Step D: Preparation of 4-Iodo-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole: 60% Sodium hydride (62.5 mg, 1.56 mmol) was added portion-wise to an ice-cold solution of [3-hydroxy-2- (4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (568 mg, 1.3 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The vial was stirred at room temperature. After gas evolution ceased, the sealed vial was vented, and then heated at 65 °C 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was treated with ~2 mL water and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 25 g ultra SNAP column with a 10% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford 4- iodo-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole (246 mg, 0.932 mmol, 72% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 265.

[0263] Step E: Preparation of 4-Benzylsulfanyl-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole: A vial was charged with 4-iodo-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole (100 mg, 0.38 mmol), THF (2 mL), benzyl mercaptan (0.044 mL, 0.38 mmol), and triethylamine (0.10 mL, 0.76 mmol). The mixture was sparged with nitrogen and treated with palladium, [2'-(amino-.kappa.N)[1,1'- biphenyl]-2-yl-.kappa.C][[5-(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethyl -9H-xanthen-4- yl]diphenylphosphine-.kappa.P](methanesulfonato-.kappa.O)- (Xantphos Palladacycle Gen.3, 26.9 mg, 0.0284 mmol). The sealed vial was heated at 70 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 10% to 80% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford 4-benzylsulfanyl-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole (53.7 mg, 0.196 mmol, 52% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 261.

[0264] Step F: Preparation of N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A solution of 4-benzylsulfanyl-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole (53.7mg, 0.196 mmol) in acetic acid (1.5 mL) and water (0.15 mL) was treated with N- chlorosuccinimide (68.9 mg, 0.52 mmol). After 7 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 5% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fraction were evaporated to afford 1-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (11.3 mg, 0.0358 mmol, 17% yield. m/z (ES- API-pos) [M+1] 237, 239.

[0265] Step G: Preparation of N-(3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A flask was charged with 3,4-dichloro-1H-indol-7-amine (7.0 mg, 0.035 mmol) and 1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (8.24 mg, 0.035 mmol). Pyridine (1 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultraSNAP column with a 20% to

100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford an impure product. This was rechromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 50% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3,4- dichloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4-su lfonamide (3.7 mg, 0.0088 mmol, 25% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD): d 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 6.92 (d, 1H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 4.98 (d, 2H), 4.60 (d, 2H), 1.78 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 401, 403.

[0266] Example 20: Synthesis of N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3- yl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 125).

[0267] N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(oxetan-3-yl)pyrazole-4 -sulfonamide was prepared as described for Example 5, substituting N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide for N-(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD): d 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 5.54- 5.46 (m, 1H), 5.00-4.91 (m, 4H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 378, 380.

[0268] Example 21: Synthesis of N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2- methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 136)

[0269] Step A: 1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol: A vial 2-(2- hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)hydrazin-1-ium chloride (60 mg, 0.43 mmol) and 2- benzylsulfanylpropanedial (82.9 mg, 0.43 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was heated at 70 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to afford 1-(4- benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol (95 mg, 0.362 mmol, 84.85% yield) as a beige oil. Used without purification in the next step. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 263.

[0270] Step B: 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride: A solution of crude 1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol (95 mg, 0.362 mmol) in acetic acid (1.5 mL) and water (0.15 mL) was treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (120.9 mg, 0.91 mmol). After 10min, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column, eluting with a 10% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product- containing fractions were evaporated to afford 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4- sulfonyl chloride (59.5 mg, 0.249 mmol, 68.85% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 239, 241.

[0271] Step C: N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl- propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A flask was charged with 7-amino-4-chloro-1H-indole-3- carbonitrile (47.8 mg, 0.25 mmol) and 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (59.5 mg, 0.25 mmol). Pyridine (1.5 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 20 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 40% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol- 7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (55.3 mg,0.133 mmol, 53.5 % yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD): d 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 1.07 (s, 6H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 394, 396. [0272] Alternative synthesis of Step A intermediate 1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-2- methyl-propan-2-ol:

[0273] Step A: 1-(4-Iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol: 1H-Pyrazole, 4-iodo- (10 g, 51.55 mmol), 1-chloro-2-methyl-propan-2-ol (11.2 g, 103.1 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (33.59 g, 103.1 mmol) were combined in DMF (100 mL). After stirring at 110 ˚C for 48h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc/hexanes (1:1) and washed with H ₂ O/brine, with back-extraction. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography using a 0-20% EtOAc in hexanes gradient to give the title compound 1-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2- methyl-propan-2-ol (10.1 g, 38 mmol, 73.6% yield).

[0274] Step B: 1-(4-Benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol: A mixture of 1- (4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-propan-2-ol (10.56 g, 39.67 mmol), benzyl mercaptan (5.17 g, 41.66 mmol), Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (572.1 mg, 0.99 mmol), xantphos (908.2 mg, 0.99 mmol) and DIEA (5.12 g, 39.7 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was stirred for 16 h at 100 ˚C under

N ₂ . The mixture was filtered through a celite pad and the filtrate was concentrated to give a residue. The residue was taken up in DCM (300 ml) and the organics washed with water, then saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by column chromatography. The desired fractions were concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford 1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-2- methyl-propan-2-ol (6g, 22.9 mmol, 57.6% yield).

[0275] Example 22: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide (Compound 217)

[0276] A flask was charged with 7-amino-4-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (35.5 mg, 0.203 mmol) and 1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride, 1-ethyl- (39.4 mg, 0.203 mmol). Pyridine (1 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT. After 15 min, the reaction mixture was evaporated and treated with EtOAc and water. A ppt formed and was collected by vacuum filtration and dried to afford N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole-4-sulfon amide (18.5 mg, 0.0527 mmol, 26% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 6.79 (dd, 1H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 4.13 (q, 2H), 1.38 (t, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 334.

[0277] Example 23: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy- 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 198)

[0278] Step A: Preparation of 3 methyl 2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7- yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]-2-methyl-propanoate: Cesium carbonate (307.1 mg, 0.94 mmol) was added to a vial containing a solution of propanoic acid, 2-bromo-2-methyl-, methyl ester (0.064 mL, 0.49 mmol) and N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (142 mg, 0.47 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). The sealed vial was heated at 70 °C. After 1.5h, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 30% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford methyl 2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl ]-2- methyl-propanoate (126 mg,0.314 mmol, 66.6% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 401.9.

[0279] Step B: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1- dimethyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: Sodium borohydride (83.1 mg, 2.2 mmol) was added portion-wise over 30min to an ice-cold suspension of methyl 2-[4-[(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol- 7-yl)sulfamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]-2-methyl-propanoate (126 mg, 0.314 mmol) in methanol (4 mL). Considerable gas evolution occured. Additional portions of NaBH ₄ were added until the starting material was consumed. The suspension slowly became a solution. The reaction mixture was evaporated and treated with water. The mixture was neutralized with 1M HCl

and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 40% to 100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl - ethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (93.4 mg,0.238 mmol, 75.7% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 1.07 (s, 6H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 374.

[0280] Example 24: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-1- (fluoromethyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 246)

[0281] Step A: Preparation of (2R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-fluoro-propan-2-ol: Tert-Butyldimethylsily chloride (1.60 g, 10.6 mmol) was added to a solution of (2R)-3- fluoropropane-1,2-diol (1.00 g, 10.6 mmol), triethylamine (1.93 mL, 13.8 mmol) and 4- (dimethylamino)pyridine (0.060 g, 0.53 mmol) in dichloromethane (35 mL) at 0 °C and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic fractions were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (2-20%

EtOAc/hexanes) to give (2R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-fluoro-propan-2-ol (1.50 g, 68% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): d 4.46-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.34-4.42 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.72 (m, 2H), 2.39 (d, 1H), 0.96 (s, 6H), 0.08 (s, 9H).

[0282] Step B: Preparation of [(1R)-1-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-fluoro- ethyl] methanesulfonate: Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.26 mL, 3.33 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of (2R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-fluoro-propan-2-ol (578 mg, 2.77 mmol) and triethylamine (0.58 mL, 4.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (14 mL) at 0 °C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour. The resultant mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with 0.5 N aqueous HCl and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The crude was used in the next step directly.

[0283] Step C: Preparation of (2S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol: A mixture of 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole (538 mg, 2.78 mmol), [(1R)-1-[[tert- butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-fluoro-ethyl] methanesulfonate (795 mg, 2.78 mmol) and cesium carbonate (1.36 g, 4.16 mmol) in DMA (9 mL) was heated at 90 °C for 3 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (20-60% EtOAc/hexanes) to give (2S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (298 mg, 40% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 271.

[0284] Step D: Preparation of (2S)-2-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-fluoro-propan-1- ol: To a mixture of (2S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (0.298 g, 1.10 mmol) and benzyl mercaptan (0.17 mL, 0.43 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (4 mL) were added N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.58 mL, 3.3 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (50 mg, 0.055 mmol) and 9,9-dimethyl-4;5-bis(diphenyl-phosphino)xanthene (64 mg, 0.11 mmol) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The aqueous layer was acidified and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (20-60% EtOAc/hexanes) to give (2S)-2-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-fluoro-propan-1-ol (0.213 g, 72% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 267.

[0285] Step E: Preparation of 1-[(1S)-1-(fluoromethyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4- sulfonyl chloride: To a stirred solution of (2S)-2-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-fluoro- propan-1-ol (213 mg, 0.800 mmol) in acetic acid (6 mL) and water (1 mL) was added N- chlorosuccinimide (342 mg, 2.56 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried, concentrated and used directly in the next step. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 243.

[0286] Step F: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-1- (fluoromethyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: A mixture of 7-amino-4-methyl-1H- indole-3-carbonitrile (32 mg, 0.19 mmol) and 1-[(1S)-1-(fluoromethyl)-2-hydroxy- ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (45 mg, 0.19 mmol) in pyridine (1.8 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (1-5% DCM/MeOH) to give a crude product, which was further purified by flash chromatography on reverse phase Biotage C18 column (5-95%

MeCN/water) to give N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[(1S)-1-(fluoromethyl)- 2-hydroxy- ethyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (45 mg, 64% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD ₃ ) ₂ CO): d 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.81 (d, 1H), 4.09-4.48 (m, 5H), 2.68 (s, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 378.

[0287] Example 25: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 268)

[0288] Step A: Preparation of methyl 1-(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate: To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60 % dispersion in mineral oil, 0.619 g, 15.5 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 4-iodo-1H-Pyrazole (2.00 g, 10.3 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at 0 °C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min. A solution of methyl 2,3-dibromopropanoate (2.54 g, 10.3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched by water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (10-50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give methyl 1-(4- iodopyrazol-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (0.64 g, 21% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 293.

[0289] Step B: Preparation of methyl 1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1- yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate: To a mixture of methyl 1-(4-iodopyrazol-1- yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (0.76 g, 2.6 mmol) and benzyl mercaptan (0.34 mL, 2.9 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (8.7 mL) were added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.36 mL, 7.81 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (119 mg, 0.130 mmol) and 9,9-dimethyl-4;5- bis(diphenyl-phosphino)xanthene (151 mg, 0.260 mmol) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was paritioned between EtOAc and water. The aqueous layer was acidified and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (10-50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give methyl 1-(4- benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (0.672 g, 90% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 289.

[0290] Step C: Preparation of [1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)cyclopropyl]methanol: To a stirred solution of methyl 1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (460 mg, 1.60 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was added dropwise a 1N solution of diisobutylalumane in hexanes (4.79 mL, 4.79 mmol) at 0 °C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min, and then allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir for 1 hour. The reaction was cooled in an ice-water bath and quenched with saturated aqueous Rochelle's salt. After stirring for 30 min, the organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated. The crude was used in the next step without further purification. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 261.

[0291] Step D: Preparation of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-[1- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide: N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1- [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]pyrazole-4-sulfonamide was prepared as described in Example 246, Step E to Step F, substituting [1-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)cyclopropyl]methanol for (2S)-2-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-fluoro-propan-1-ol in Step E. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3) ₂ CO): d 11.36 (s, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 6.89 (d, 1H), 4.14 (br s, 1H), 3.72 (br s, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.13-1.20 (m, 2H), 1.03-1.09 (m, 2H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 372.

[0292] Example 26: Synthesis of 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 271).

[0293] 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide was prepared as described in Example 1, substituting 5-amino-1-ethyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride for 1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride and 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3- carbonitrile for 3-chloro-1H-indol-7-amine. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3) ₂ CO): d 11.01 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.72-6.93 (m, 2H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 3.81-3.95 (m, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.21 (t, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 345.

[0294] Example 27: Synthesis of 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 272).

[0295] 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-ethyl-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide was prepared as described in Example 1, substituting 5-amino-1-ethyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride for 1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride and 7-amino-4-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile for 3- chloro-1H-indol-7-amine. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD ₃ ) ₂ CO): d 11.30 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.91 (m, 2H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 3.90 (q, 2H), 1.21 (t, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] 349.

[0296] Example 28: Synthesis of 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1- methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 282).

[0297] 5-amino-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazole -4-sulfonamide was prepared as described in Example 1, substituting 5-amino-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride for 1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride and 7-amino-4-fluoro-1H-indole-3- carbonitrile for 3-chloro-1H-indol-7-amine. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, (CD ₃ ) ₂ CO): d 11.30 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.93 (m, 2H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H). m/z (ES- API-pos) [M+1] 335.

[0298] Example 29: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-((1- cyanocyclopropyl)methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 145)

[0299] N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-((1-cyanocyclopropyl)me thyl)-1H- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide was prepared similarly to Example 12, substituting p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride for methanesulfonyl chloride and 1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile for 2,2- difluoro-cyclopropanemethanol in Step A. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD) d 7.90 (d, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.34– 1.27 (m, 3H), 1.21– 1.16 (m, 2H). m/z (ES-API-neg) [M-1] = 379.

[0300] Example 30: Synthesis of (R)-N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1- hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 207)

[0301] Step A: To a flame dried flask equipped with a stir bar was added tetrahydrofuran (54.36 mL), (S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid methyl ester (0.62 mL, 6.52 mmol), 4-iodo-1H- pyrazole (1.08 mL, 5.44 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (2.85 g, 10.87 mmol). The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and azodicarboxylic acid diisopropyl ester (2.39 mL, 10.87 mmol) was added dropwise. Once that addition was complete, the reaction was warmed to 60 ^C for 3 hours. The resulting solution was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 5% to 25% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford methyl (R)-2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanoate (933 mg, 3.33 mmol, 61% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 281.

[0302] Step B: Sodium borohydride (144 mg, 3.8 mmol) was added portionwise over five minutes to a solution of methyl (R)-2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanoate (820 mg, 2.93 mmol) in methanol (26 mL) cooling in an ice-bath. The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature for 30 minutes and then the reaction was quenched with saturated NH ₄ Cl. The residual MeOH was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting aqueous was then extracted 3x’s with EtOAc. The combined organics were then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product. The residue was

chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 25% to 85% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford (R)-2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)propan-1-ol (529 mg, 2.1 mmol, 72% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 253.

[0303] Step C: A vial was charged with (R)-2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (266 mg, 0.1.1 mmol), dioxane (6 mL), benzyl mercaptan (0.117 mL, 1.0 mmol), and triethylamine (0.44 mL, 3.26 mmol) The mixture was sparged with nitrogen and treated with palladium, [2'- (amino-.kappa.N)[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl-.kappa.C][[5-(diphenylp hosphino)-9,9-dimethyl-9H- xanthen-4-yl]diphenylphosphine-.kappa.P](methanesulfonato-.k appa.O)- (Xantphos Palladacycle Gen.3, 50.0 mg, 0.053 mmol). The sealed vial was heated at 70 °C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 10% to 75%

EtOAc:DCM gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford (R)-2-(4- (benzylthio)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (189 mg, 0.76 mmol, 72% yield). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 249.

[0304] Step D: A solution of (R)-2-(4-(benzylthio)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (190 mg, 0.77 mmol) in acetic acid (5.1 mL) and water (2.6 mL) was treated with N- chlorosuccinimide (408.6 mg, 3.06 mmol). After 15 minutes the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ether and washed with water 3xs. The organic phase was then dried over MgSO4, filtered and then concentrated to afford (R)- 1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride. Crude was used without further purification. A flask was charged with (R)-1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (43.4 mg, 0.19 mmol) and 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (25.9mg, 0.135 mmol). Pyridine (0.64 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 20% to

100% EtOAc:hexane gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford impure product. This was chromatographed on a Biotage 10 g ultra SNAP column with a 15% to 95% EtOAc:DCM gradient. Product-containing fractions were evaporated to afford (R)-N-(3- cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-py razole-4-sulfonamide (30.6 mg, 0.080 mmol, 25.2% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) d 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H), 4.42– 4.31 (m, 1H), 3.73– 3.69 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.39 (d, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 360.

[0305] Example 31: Synthesis of (R)-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1- hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 208)

[0306] (R)-N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1-hydroxypropan-2- yl)-1H-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide was prepared similarly to Example 30 (above example), substituting 7-amino-4- chloro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile for 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile in Step D. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD ₃ OD) d 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H), 6.70 (d, 1H), 4.42– 4.32 (m, 2H), 3.72 (td, 2H), 1.39 (d, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 380.

[0307] Example 32: Synthesis of (R)-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1- hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 212)

[0308] (R)-N-(3-cyano-4-fluoro-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(1-hydroxypropan-2- yl)-1H-pyrazole- 4-sulfonamide was prepared similarly to Example 30 (above), substituting 7-amino-4-fluoro- 1H-indole-3-carbonitrile for 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile in Step D. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) d 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 6.83– 6.76 (m, 1H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 4.43– 4.32 (m, 2H), 3.72 (d, 2H), 1.40 (d, 3H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 364.

[0309] Example 33: Synthesis of N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3- hydroxypropyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 209)

[0310] The sulfonyl chloride was prepared as described for the sequence of steps in Example 21 (alternate procedure, Synthesis of N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(2- hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 136)) substituting 1-propanol, 3- bromo- for 1-chloro-2-methyl-propan-2-ol.

[0311] A mixture of 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (45.8 mg, 0.20 mmol) and 7-amino-4-chloro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (35.2 mg, 0.18 mmol) was dissolved in Pyridine (0.9 mL) at 25 C. After 1h, LCMS reveals complete reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into 20 mL of aqueous 10% KHSO ₄ and extracted with 3 x 20 mL EtOAc. The combined organics were rinsed with 10 mL of brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. Purification was achieved by flash chromatography on a reverse phase Biotage C18 column (0-65% MeCN/water) to afford N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3- hydroxypropyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (20.4 mg, 0.054 mmol, 26.3% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d6) d 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (p, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H). m/z (ES- API-pos) [M+1] = 380/382.

[0312] Example 34: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2- methylbutan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 229)

[0313] Step A: A solution of 1H-Pyrazole, 4-iodo- (2.0 g, 10.3 mol), 2-butenoic acid, 3- methyl-, methyl ester (3.9 mL, 30.9 mol) and DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, 6.2 mL, 41.2 mol) in ACN (27 mL) was heated at reflux for 3.5 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was diluted with 80 mL of aqueous 10% KHSO ₄ , extracted with 3 x 30 mL of ethyl acetate, and the combined organic extracts were washed with saturated ammonium chloride, dried over MgSO ₄ , and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes) to yield methyl 4-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4- methylpentanoate (1416 mg, 44.6%). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 309.

[0314] Step B: A mixture of Methanesulfonato[9,9-dimethyl-4,5- bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene][2'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl]palla dium(II) dichloromethane adduct, min.98% [Xantphos Palladacycle Gen.3] (217.9 mg, 0.23 mmol) and methyl 3-(4-iodopyrazol- 1-yl)-3-methyl-butanoate (1416 mg, 4.6 mmol) was suspended in 1,4-Dioxane (30 mL) and sparged with nitrogen for 3 mins. The reaction mixture was then treated sequentially with benzyl mercaptan (0.51 mL, 4.37 mmol) and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (1.6 mL, 9.19 mmol) under continuous nitrogen stream. The vessel was sealed and heated to 100 C for 2 h. Volatiles were removed by concentration under reduced pressure. Purification was achieved by

chromatography on silica using a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/hexane to afford methyl 4-(4- (benzylthio)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (404 mg, 28.9%). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 305.

[0315] Step C: A solution of methyl 3-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl- butanoate (302 mg, 0.99 mmol) in Tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) at 0 C was treated with lithium aluminum hydride, ~ 1 M in THF (1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol). The reaction was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature. Once complete by LCMS, the reaction mixture was diluted with ether (5 mL) and cooled to 0 C. The reaction was quenched by the sequential addition of 45 -l water. Then 45 -l uL of 15% aqueous NaOH. And last, 135 -l of water. The resulting mixture was vigorously stirred for 15 min, treated with MgSO4, stirred for another 15 min. The solid precipitates that formed were filtered through a pad of celilte using EtOAc as eluent. The filrate was concentrated and the resulting product used without further purification. m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 277.

[0316] Step D: A solution of the unpurified 3-(4-benzylsulfanylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl- butan-1-ol (308 mg, ~1.1 mmol) in a mixture of acetic acid (8 mL) and water (0.8 mL) at 25 C was treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (416.6 mg, 3.12 mmol). After 1h, volatiles were removed by concentration under reduced pressure. The residue was reconcentrated from toluene (2x) to remove residual water and AcOH that remained and kept under high vac for 15 min. The sulfonyl chloride intermediate was purified by chromatography on silica using a gradient of 10- 60% EtOAc/hexane to afford 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (155 mg, 55.0%). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 253/255.

[0317] Step E: A mixture of 1-(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (77.6 mg, 0.31 mmol) and 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (49.9 mg, 0.29 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (1.1 mL) at 25 C. After 1h, LCMS reveals complete reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into 20 mL of aqueous 10% KHSO4 and extracted with 3 x 20 mL EtOAc. The combined organics were rinsed with 10 mL of brine, dried with MgSO ₄ , filtered, and concentrated to dryness. Purification was achieved by flash chromatography on a reverse phase Biotage C18 column (0-70% MeCN/water) to afford N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)- 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (99.2 mg, 0.256 mmol, 83.4% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d ₆ ) d 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.55 (s, 6H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 388.

[0318] Example 35: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3-hydroxy- 2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 258)

[0319] A mixture of 1-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (75.1 mg, 0.30 mmol) and 7-amino-4-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (48.3 mg, 0.28 mmol) was dissolved in Pyridine (1.1 mL) at 25 C. After 1h, LCMS reveals complete reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into 20 mL of aqueous 10% KHSO ₄ and extracted with 3 x 20 mL EtOAc. The combined organics were rinsed with 10 mL of brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. Purification was achieved by flash chromatography on a reverse phase Biotage C18 column (0-70% MeCN/water) to afford N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(3- hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (99.1 mg, 0.256 mmol, 86.1% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d6) d 11.01 (br s, 1H), 8.64 (br s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.87 (br s, 1H), 3.09 (s, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 0.75 (s, 6H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 388.

[0320] Example 36: Synthesis of N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1-(difluoromethyl)-1H- pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (Compound 292)

[0321] Step A: A solution of 1H-Pyrazol-5-amine, 1-(difluoromethyl)- (250.mg, 1.88mmol) at -78 C was treated with chlorosulfonic acid (1.0 mL, 15.0 mmol) in one and the ice bath was removed. The reaction was stirred while being allowed to warm to room temperature. Then it was heated at 100 C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured onto ice, and extracted with 3 x 20 mL CH ₂ Cl ₂ . The combined organics were rinsed with 10 mL of brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The resulting product was used without further purification (225 mg, 51.7%). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 232/234.

[0322] Step B: A mixture of 5-amino-1-(difluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (42.0 mg, 0.18 mmol) and 7-amino-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (27.1 mg, 0.17 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (0.65 mL) at 25 C. After 1h, LCMS reveals complete reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into 20 mL of aqueous 10% KHSO4 and extracted with 3 x 20 mL EtOAc. The combined organics were rinsed with 10 mL of brine, dried with MgSO ₄ , filtered, and concentrated to dryness. Purification was achieved by flash chromatography on a reverse phase Biotage C18 column (0-55% MeCN/water) to afford N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-7-yl)-1- (difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide (47.7 mg, 0.135 mmol, 77.7% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d ₆ ) d 11.12 (br s, 1H), 8.86 (br s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.42 (t, JH,F = 57.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.01 (s, 2H). m/z (ES-API-pos) [M+1] = 353.

[0323] Example 37: DCAF15 RBM39 Complex Formation Assay.

[0324] LANCE Eu-W1024 Anti-6xHis and SureLight Allophycocyanin-anti-FLAG antibodies were purchased from Perkin Elmer. Human DDB1DB and His-tagged DCAF15 were co-expressed in baculovirus/sf9 system. While full length DDB1 contains three 7-bladed propellers termed A, B, and C, DDB1DB has only propeller A (amino acids 1 to 395) and C (amino acids 709-1140). The His-tagged DCAF15 contains six histidine residues directly preceding the DCAF15 sequence without any linker. An RBM39 fragment containing RRM1 and RRM2 was expressed in E. coli. Amino acids 150 to 331 of RBM39 were cloned into pGEX4T3 with an N-terminal TEV cleavage site and a C-terminal FLAG tag.

[0325] A compound of the present disclosure in DMSO (2 µL) was transferred to a 384- well assay plate. Compound was added in 14 points, 3-fold serial dilution (1 µM to 0.6 pico molar) in DMSO.48 mL FRET assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1 M BSA, 0.5 mM TCEP, 0.005% Tween-20, 0.2 nM Eu-W1024 Anti-6xHis, 50 nM SureLight Allophycocyanin-anti-FLAG, 20 nM DDB1DB /DCAF15, 50 nM RBM39 R ₁ R ₂ ) was added and the resulting solution was incubated overnight at 4 °C. The plate was placed in a plate reader (Spark 10) with excitation at l = 340 nm and emissions monitored at l = 665 nm and l = 615 nm, and the FRET ratio (Em 665/Em 615) was determined. Low signal controls containing no compound and high signal controls containing 10 mM indisulam were measured for each plate. [0326] EC ₅₀ values were calculated using Dotmatics template equation for 4-parameter ^{fit. Results are expressed as % formation using the following equation:}

[0327] Example 38: CellTiter-Glo Assay.

[0328] HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells were used in these experiments. HCT116 cells were obtained from ATCC. CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Reagent was obtained from Promega.

[0329] About 3,000 cells were seeded into 96-well plate with 100 mL of media (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 units penicillin, and 100 mg streptomycin per mL) the day before the experiment. For compound treatment, the master plate was prepared as follows: 100x compound stocks were prepared in a 96-well plate by 1 to 3 serial dilutions of 0.5 mM DMSO stocks. Each master plate contained serial dilution of 8 compounds, including the control compound E7820.1 mL of 100x compound stock was added to each well of the assay plate to give final concentrations of 5, 1.67, 0.56, 0.19, 0.06, 0.02, 0.0069, 0.002, 0.0007, 0.0002, and 0 mM. Each concentration was tested in triplicate. After 3 days, cell viability was determined using CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Reagent following the manufacturer’s recommended protocol. Briefly, 50 mL of CellTiter-Glo reagent was added to each well of the assay plate and the contents were mixed for 3 minutes at 600 rpm on a shaker (Thermomixer R). The plate was immediately placed in a plate reader (Synergy 2) and the luminescence signal (0.5 second per well integration time) was determined. IC50 values were calculated using Dotmatics software.

[0330] Tables 2 shows biological activities of selected compounds described herein in the complex formation and cell-based assays, respectively. Compound numbers correspond to the numbers and structures provided in Table 1 and Examples 1-36.

Table 2

[0331] Example 39: In Vivo Efficacy Studies

[0332] Compound 3 were formulated with 10% absolute ethanol, 30% PEG400, 60% water containing 0.5% methyl cellulose and 0.5% Tween80®.2x106 HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells (ATCC® CCL-247) in PBS and Matrigel (1:1 in volume) were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank of Athymic Nude mice at 6-7 weeks of age for tumor development. When the xenografts reached about 150 mm ³ in size, the tumor bearing mice were randomly grouped into six groups (n=6) and treated by oral gavage with vehicle (10% absolute ethanol, 30% PEG400, 60% water containing 0.5% methyl cellulose and 0.5% Tween80 ^® , BID) or compound 3 at 100 mg/kg BID for 12 days. Tumor sizes were measured twice weekly in two dimensions using a caliper and the volume were expressed in mm ³ using the formula V=0.5 x a x b ² wherein a and b were the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively. The efficacy study for compound 136 was carried out in the same manner as that of compound 3 except compound 136 was dosed at 30 mg/kg BID for 12 days. As shown in Tables 3 and 4,

Compound 3 or 136 treatment led to a statistically significant reduction of tumor volume and tumor weight in the HCT116 mouse model (all data displayed as mean with the standard error of the mean (SEM)) while there was no significant difference between the body weight of the vehicle and compounds 3 and 136-treated groups. Table 3

Table 4