PYRIDO-[3,4-d]PYRIDAZINE AMINE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS NLRP3 DERIVATIVES

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[00011 This application claims priority to U .S. Non-Provisional Application 17/704,983, filed March 25, 2.02.2, U.S. Provisional Application 63/420,930, filed October 31 , 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/443,874, filed February 7, 2023, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

[0002] The present disclosure is directed to inhibitors of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) proteins. The inhibitors described herein are useful in the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with the modulation of NLRP3 proteins. In particular, the invention is concerned with compounds and pharmaceutical compositions inhibiting NLRP3, methods of treating diseases and disorders associated with NLRP3 using said compounds and pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of synthesizing said compounds and compositions.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Innate immune responses are mediated by different types of receptors termed paternrecognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs recognize the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns ( DAMPs ). Once engaged these receptors trigger the activation of downstream inflammatory pathways that will help resolve injury. However, in many instances this activation can be uncontrolled and leads to disease.

[0004] The inflammasomes represent a class of PRRs that are crucial components of the irmate immune response. Activation of the inflammasomes trigger a cascade of events that releases IL-ip, IL-18, and promotes an inflammatory’ form of cell death called pyroptosis induced by the activation of Gasdermin. Pyroptosis is a unique form of inflammatory’ cell death that leads to the release of not only cytokines but also other intracellular components that promote a broader immune response both of the innate and acquired immune system. Thus, inflammasome activation is a major regulatory’ of the inflammatory’ cascade.

[B1MI5] NLRP3 is the most characterized inflammasome and has been shown to be critical in innate immunity and inflammatoiy responses. While several other NLR complexes, such as NLRC4, are activated under very specific circumstances, NLRP3 can be activated by numerous stimuli and should be seen as a sensor of intracellular homeostatic imbalance. Therefore, its precise functioning is essential. In addition to playing a role in host immune defense, dysregulation of NLRP3 lias been linked to the pathogenesis of many inflammatoiy disorders. These include genetic diseases such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) which is caused by gain-of-fnnction mutations in the NLRP3 gene, as well as many' prevalent neurologic and systemic diseases. Importantly, NLRP3 byperactivation has been demonstrated pre-clinically to play a critical role in a plethora of inflammatoty and degenerative diseases including, NASH, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, gout, and numerous other autoinflammatory diseases. Thus, there is an unmet need in the field to develop small molecules for modulating NLRP3 activity to treat various diseases and disorders.

SUMMARY

[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, a compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof, wherein:

A is a 5- to 8-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises at least one O ring atom;

R ¹ is halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy;

R ² is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; or R ^] and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 3 - or 4-membered carbocyclic ring;

R ³ is -OH, halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy;

X is H, -OH, halogen, -NHz, -NH(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl), -N(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl) ₂ , or C]-C _& alkyl; and

R ⁴ is H, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyd, or -C(O)(Cj-C& alkyl); and p is 0 or 1, wherein each instance of alkyl, alk-, or carbocyclic is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms, and when R ³ is C1, then

[0007] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is not

[0008] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of > 0.3.

[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, suitable compounds selected from Tables 1 or 2, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, clathrates, hydrates, stereoisomers, or tautomers thereof. [0010] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, suitable compounds selected from:

(R )-5-cbloro-2"(4"((4,4"dimetbyltetrabydroftiraU"3-yi)amino)py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l" yl)phenol;

5-(difluoromethyl)-2.-(4-((2.-(meEhoxy-d3)-2.-methyipropy l)aiTiino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenol;

(R)-5-ciiloro-2"(4"((3,3”dimethyltetrahydrO"2ri”pyran -4”yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenol;

(S)-5”ChIorO"2-(4-((2,2-dirnethylietrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenol;

(R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3~yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol; and

(S)-2-(4-(((4~inethylmorpholin-2-yl)methyi)ainino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin~l-yl)~5-

(trifluoromethyl)phenol and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, clathrates, hydrates, stereoisomers, or tautomers thereof.

[0013] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising (R)-5- chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[0012] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising 5- (difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3)-2-metliylpropyl)amino )pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[0013] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising (R)-5- chIoro-2-(4-((3,3-dimetbyltetrabydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyr ido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[0014] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions (S)-5-chloro-2-(4- ((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]py ridazin-l-yl)phenol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[0015] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising (R)-2-(4- ((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyrida zin-l-yl)-5-metlwlphenol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[ 0016| Another aspect of the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising (S)-2-(4- (((4-metiiylmorphoIin-2-yl)methyl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridaz in-l-yl)-5-(trifluoromeEhyl)phenol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[0017] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides compounds obtainable by, or obtained by, a method for preparing a compound as described herein (e.g., a method comprising one or more steps described in Schemes 1 and 2),

[0018] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides an intermediate as described herein, being suitable for use in a method for preparing a compound as described herein (e.g., the intermediate is selected from the intermediates described in Examples 1-11).

[0020] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[0021] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutical!}' effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[0022] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein.

[0023] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein. [0024] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein.

[0025] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein.

[0026] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing an NLRP3-related disease or disorder selected from Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, refractory epilepsy, stroke, ALS, headache/pain, and traumatic brain injury. The method comprises administering to the subject at least one therapeutically effective amount of the compound disclosed herein,

[0027] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of tire central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psy chological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3 -related disease in a subject that lias been determined to cany a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3. [0028] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder of the central nervous system is Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or multiple sclerosis.

[0029] In some embodiments, the kidney disease is an acute kidney disease, a chronic kidney disease, or a rare kidney disease.

[ 0030] In some embodiments, the skin disease is psoriasis, iiidradenitis suppurativa (HS), or atopic dermatitis.

[0031] In some embodiments, the rheumatic disease is dermatomyositis, Still’s disease, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

[0032 ] In some embodiments, the NLRJP3 -related disease in a subject that lias been determined to cany' a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3 is ciyopyrin-associated autoinflammatoiy syndrome.

[0033 ] In some embodiments, the cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatoiy syndrome is familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, or neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease.

[ 0034] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of preparing a compound of the present disclosure.

[0035] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of preparing a compound, comprising one or more steps described herein.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein liave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. In the specification, the singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference. The references cited herein are not admitted to be prior art to the claimed invention. In the case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. In the case of conflict between the chemical structures and names of the compounds disclosed herein, the chemical structures will control.

[0037] Other features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description and claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present disclosure relates to phthalazine derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, clathrates, hydrates, stereoisomers (e.g., single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, or racemic mixtures of stereoisomers), tautomers, prodrugs, and isotopically labeled compounds thereof, which may inhibit NLRP3 activity and are accordingly useful in methods of treatment of the human or animal body. Certain compounds of this invention demonstrate surprising and unexpected superiority w ith regard to brain penetration. The present disclosure also relates to processes for the preparation of these compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and to their use in the treatment of disorders in which NLRP3 is implicated, such as inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allody nia, or an NLRP3-related disease in a subject that lias been determined to cany a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3.

Definitions

Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in the specification and claims have the following meanings set out below.

[0040] As used herein, “alkyl”, “ C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , C ₄ , C ₅ or C ₆ , alkyl” or “C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl” is intended to include C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , C ₄ , C ₅ or C ₆ straight chain (linear) saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and C ₃ , C4, C5 or C6 branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups. For example, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl is intends to include C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , C ₄ , C ₅ , and C ₆ alkyl groups. Examples of alkyl include, moieties having from one to six carbon atoms, such as, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, I-propyl, n-butyl, s -butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, i-pentyl, or n-hexyl. In some embodiments, a straight drain or branched alkyl has six or fewer carbon atoms (e.g. , C ₁ -C ₆ for straight chain, C:i-Ct> for branched chain), and in another embodiment, a straight drain or branched alkyl has four or fewer carbon atoms.

[0041J An alkyl group may be an “optionally substituted alkyl”, which refers to an unsubstituted alkyl or alky i having designated substituents replacing one or more hydrogen atoms on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents can include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hvdroxyd, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycaibonyloxy, aiyloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, aiylcarbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkyl thiocarbonyl, alkoxvl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinate, amino (including alkylamino, dialkylamino, aiylamino, diaiylamino and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkyhhio, asylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonate, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaiyl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety.

[0042] Other optionally substituted moieties (such as optionally substituted carbocyclic or heterocycloalkyl) include both the unsubstituted moieties and the moieties having one or more of the designated substituents. For example, substituted heterocycloalkyl includes those substituted with one or more alky l groups, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethyI-piperidinyl and 2,2,6,6-tetraroethyI-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridinyl .

[0043] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” includes unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain at least one double bond. For example, the terra “alkenyl” includes straight chain alkenyl groups (e.g., ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl), and branched alkenyl groups. In certain embodiments, a straight chain or branched alkenyl group has six or fewer carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., CI-CG for straight chain, C3-C.5 for branched chain). The term “C2-C6” includes alkenyl groups containing two to six carbon atoms. The term “CS-CG” includes alkenyl groups containing three to six carbon atoms.

[0044] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted alkenyl" refers to unsubstituted alkenyl or alkenyl having designated substituents replacing one or more hydrogen atoms on one or more hydrocarbon backbone carbon atoms. Such substituents can include, for example, alkyd, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkydcarbonyloxy, asylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxv, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, asylcarbonvl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, pbosphonato, phosphinate, amino (including alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diaryiamino and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkyitbio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonarmdo, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety.

[ 0045| As used herein, the term “alkynyl” includes unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but which contain at least one triple bond. For example, “alkynyl" includes straight chain alkynvl groups (e.g., ethynyl, propynvl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl, octynvl, nonynyl, decynyl), and branched alkynyl groups. In certain embodiments, a straight chain or branched alkynyl group has six or fewer carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C2-C6 for straight chain, Ca-Ce for branched chain). The term “C ₁ -C ₆ ” includes alkynyl groups containing two to six carbon atoms. The term “C3-C6" includes alkynyl groups containing three to six carbon atoms. As used herein, “Ca-Ca alkenylene linker” or“C2-C6 alkyuyleue linker” is intended to include C2, Ca, C), Cs or Ca drain (linear or branched) divalent unsaturated aliphatic hy drocarbon groups. For example, Ca-Ce, alkenylene linker is intended to include C2., C3, C4, C5 and C6 alkenylene linker groups.

[0046] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted alkynyl” refers to unsubstituted alkynyl or alky nyl having designated substituents replacing one or more hy drogen atoms on one or more hydrocarbon backbone carbon atoms. Such substituents can include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynvl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy', aiylcarbonyloxy, alkoxy carbonyloxy', aryloxycarbonyloxv, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arykarbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinate, amino (including alkylamino, dialky lamino, aryiamino, diaiyiamino and alkylaiylamino), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydiyl, alkylthio, aiylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonate, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaiyl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety.

[0047] Other optionally substituted moieties (such as optionally substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl) include both the unsubstituted moieties and the moieties having one or more of the designated substituents. For example, substituted heterocycloalkyl includes those substituted with one or more alkyl groups, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl and 2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl- 1,2,3 ,6-tetrahydropyridinyI .

[0048] As used herein, the term “cyano” refers to a nitrile radical (e.g., -CN).

[0049] As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” or “carbocyclic” or “carbocyclyl” refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated hydrocarbon monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., fused, bridged, or spiro rings) system having 3 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., C3-C12, C3-C10, or Cs-C?,). Examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohepty l, cyclooctyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, and adamantyl.

[0050] As used herein, the term “heterocycloalky l” refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 7-12 membered bicyclic (fused, bridged, or spiro rings), or 11-14 membered tricyclic ring system (fused, bridged, or spiro rings) having one or more ring heteroatoms (such as O, N, S, P, or Se), e.g., 1 or 1-2 or 1-3 or 1-4 or 1-5 or 1-6 ring heteroatoms, or e.g. , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 ring heteroatoms, independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, unless specified otherwise. Examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, piperidinyl, piperazinvl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, isoindolinyl, indohnvl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazohdinyl, triazolidinyl, oxiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, pyranvl, morpholinyl, tetrabydrothiopyranvl, 1,4-diazepanyl, 1 ,4-oxazepanyl, 2-oxa-5- azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl, 2,6- diazaspiro[3 ,3]heptanyl, 1 ,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, l,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 1- oxaspiro[4.5]decanyl, l-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 3FI-spiro[cyclohexane-l,r-isobenzofuran]-yl, 7TI- spiro[cyclohexane-l,5'-furo[3,4-b]pyridin]-yl, 3'H-spiro[cyclohexane-l,r-furo[3,4-c]pyridin]-yl, 3- azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl, l,4,5,6-tetraliydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazolyl,

3.4.5.6.7.8-hexahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridiityl,

5.6.7.8-tetrahy dropyrido[4,3 -d]pyrimidinyl, 2-azaspiro[3 ,3]heptany 1, 2-methyl-2- azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl, 2-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2-methyl-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2- azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 2-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, 2-oxa-azaspiro[3.4]octanyl, 2-oxa- azaspiro[3.4]octan-6~yl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophenyl, and the like. In the case of multicyclic beterocycloalkyl, only one of the rings in the heterocycloalkyl needs to be non-aromatic (e.g., 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[c]isoxazolyl).

[0051] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl” refers to unsubstituted beterocycloalkyl having designated substituents replacing one or more hydrogen atoms on one or more carbon or heteroatom. Such substituents can include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkylcatbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxy carbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylarmnocarbonyl, dialkyiaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphorate, phosphinate, amino (including aikylarmno, dialkylamino, arylamino, diary larnino and alkylarylarmno), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkvlthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety.

[0052] As used herein, the term “hydroxy” or “hydroxyl” includes groups with an -OH or -O'. [0053| As used herein, the term “halo” or “halogen” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

[0054] The term “haloalkyl” or “haloalkoxyl” refers to an alkyl or alk- moiety of the alkoxyl substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

[0055] As used herein, the term “alkoxy” or “alkoxyl” includes substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups covalently linked to an oxygen atom. Examples of alkoxy groups or alkoxyl radicals include, but are not limited to, methoxy', ethoxy, isopropyloxy, propoxy, butoxy and pentoxy groups.

Examples of substituted alkoxy groups include halogenated alkoxy groups. The alkoxy groups can be substituted with groups such as alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy , arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxy carbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonvl, dialkyiaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyi, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinate, amino (including alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diaiylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moieties. Examples of halogen substituted alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, fluoromethoxy , difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, dichloromethoxy and trichloromethoxy.

[0056] Unless otherwise specifically defined, the term "aryl" refers to cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon groups that have 1 to 3 aromatic rings, including monocyclic or bicyclic groups such as phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl. Where containing two aromatic rings (bicyclic, etc.), the aromatic rings of the aryl group may be joined al a single point (e.g. , biphenyl), or fused (e.g., naphthyl). The aryl group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents, e.g. , 1 to 5 substituents, at any point of attachment. Exemplary substituents include, but are not limited to, -H, -halogen, -O-(C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl, -O-(C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl, -©-(C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkynyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl, (C ₂ -C _& ) alkynyl, -OH, - OP(O)(OH) ₂ , -OC(O)(C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyd, -C(O)(C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl, -OC(O)O(C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl, -NH ₂ , NH((C ₁ -C ₃ ) alkyl), N((C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl),, -S(O) ₂ -(C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl, -S(O)NH(C)-C _& ) alkyl, and -S(O)N((C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl) ₂ . The substituents can themselves be optionally substituted. Furthermore, when containing two or more fused rings, the ary l groups herein defined may have a saturated or partially unsaturated ring fused with a fully unsaturated aromatic ring. Exemplary ring systems of these aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrenyl, indanyl, indeny 1, tetrahydronaphthaienyl, tetrahydrobenzoarmulenyl, 10,ll-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulenyl, and the like.

[0057] Unless otherwise specifically defined, "heteroaryl" means a monovalent monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic radical of 5 to 24 ring atoms, containing one or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, Se, or B, the remaining ring atoms being C. Heteroaryl as herein defined also means a bicyclic heteroaromatic group wherein the heteroatom is selected from N, O, S, P, Se, or B. Heteroaryl as herein defined also means a tricyclic beteroaromatic group containing one or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, Se, or B. The aromatic radical is optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. Examples include, but are not limited to, furyl, thieny l, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, py rimidinyl, imidazoly l, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, tbiophen-2-yl, quinolinyl, benzopyranyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, tbiadiazole, indazole, benzimidazolyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, triazolyl, triazinyl, imidazo[l,2- b]pyrazolyl, furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, imidazo[l,2-a]pyridinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[3,4"C]pyridinyl, thieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl, thieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, thieno[2,3-b]pyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, indolinonyi, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzof uranyl, benzofuran, cliromanyl, thiochromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydrobenzothiazine, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, 1,6-naphthyridinyl, benzofdejisoquinolinyl, pyrido[4,3-b] [1, 6] naphthy ridinyl, thieno[2,3-b]pyrazinyl, quinazolinyl, tetrazolofl ,5-a]pyridinyI, [ 1 ,2,4]triazolo [4,3 -a]py ridinyl, isoindoly 1, pvrrolo [2,3 -b]pyridiny 1, pyrrole [3 ,4-b]py ridinyl, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridlnyl, imidazo[5,4-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[l,2-a]pyrimldinyl, tetrahydro pvrrolo[l,2- ajpyrimidinyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-lV-pyrrolo[2,l-b]pyrimidine, dibenzo[b,d] thiophene, pyridin-2-one, furo [3 ,2-c]py ridinyl, furo[2,3-c]pyridmyl, lH-pyrido[3,4-b][l,4] thiazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, furo[2,3-b]py ridinyl, benzothiophenyl, 1,5-naphthyridinyl, :furo[3,2-b]pyridine, [l,2.,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridmyl, benzo [1 ,2,3]triazolyl, imidazo[l ,2-a]pyrimidinyl, [l,2,4]triazolo[4,3- b]pyridazinyl, benzo[c][l,2,5]thiadiazolyl, benzofc] [1, 2, 5]oxadiazole, l,3-dihydro-2H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-one, 3,4-dihydro-2H-py razolo [1,5-b] [l,2]oxazinyl, 4,5,6, 7- tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridinyl, thiazolo[5,4-d] thiazolyl, imidazo[2,l-b][l,3,4]thiadiazolyl, thieno[2,3”b]pyrrolyl, 3H-indolyl, and derivatives thereof. Furthermore, when containing two or more fused rings, the heteroaryl groups defined herein may have one or more saturated or partially unsaturated ring fused with a fully unsaturated aromatic ring, e.g., a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, Se, or B, or a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogens, wherein the saturated or partially unsaturated ring includes 0 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, P, Se, or B, and is optionally substituted with one or more oxo. In heteroaryl ring systems containing more titan two fused rings, a saturated or partially unsaturated ring may further be fused with a saturated or partially unsaturated ring described herein. Exemplary ring systems of these heteroaryl groups include, for example, mdolinyl, indolinonyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzofuran, clirornanyl, thiochromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydrobenzotliiazine, 3,4-dihydro-lH-isoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranonyi, indolinyl, oxindolyl, indolyl, l,6-dihydrO"7H-pyrazoio[3,4-c]pyridm-7-onyl, 7,8-dihydro-6H- pvrido[3,2-b]pyrrolizinyl, 8H-pyrido[3,2-b]pyrrolizinyl, l,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyridinyl, 7,8-dihydro-6H-pyrido[3,2-b]pyrrolizine, pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin~7(4H)-only, 3,4- dihydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-onyl, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, orbenzo[c][l,2]oxaborol- l(3/f)-olyl.

The cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring can be substituted at one or more ring positions (e.g., the ring-forming carbon or heteroatom such as N) with such substituents as described above, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcasbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aralkylaminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, alkenyicaibonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, amino (including alkylamino, dialkylamino, atylamino, diarylamino and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), armdino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamide, miro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety. Aryl and heteroaryl groups can also be fused or bridged with alicyclic or heterocyclic rings, which are not aromatic so as to form a multicyclic system (e.g., tetralin, methylenedioxypbenyl such as benzo[d][l,3]dioxole-5-yI).

[0059J As used herein, the expressions “one or more of A, B, or C,” “one or more A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” “one or more A, B, and C,” “selected from the group consisting of A, B, and C”, “selected from A, B, and C", and the like are used interchangeably and all refer to a selection from a group consisting of A, B, and/or C, i.e., one or more As, one or more Bs, one or more Cs, or any combination thereof, unless indicated otherwise.

[0060] When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent may be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds. [0061 j When any variable (e.g., R) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 R moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two R moieties and R at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of R. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.

[8062] It is to be understood that the present disclosure provides methods for the synthesis of the compounds of any of the Formulae described herein. The present disclosure also provides detailed methods for tire synthesis of various disclosed compounds of the present disclosure according to the following schemes as well as those shown in the Examples.

[8063] It is to be understood that, throughout the description, where compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, it is contemplated that compositions also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components. Similarly, where methods or processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, the processes also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps. Further, it should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain actions is immaterial so long as the invention remains operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions can be conducted simultaneously.

[8064] It is to be understood that the sy nthetic processes of the disclosure can tolerate a wide variety of functional groups, therefore various substituted starting materials caribe used. The processes generally provide the desired final compound at or near the end of the overall process, although it may be desirable in certain instances to further convert the compound to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[8865] It is to be understood tliat compounds of the present disclosure can be prepared in a variety of ways using commercially available starting materials, compounds known in the literature, or from readily prepared intermediates, by employing standard synthetic methods and procedures either known to those skilled in the art, or which will be apparent to the skilled artisan in light of the teachings herein. Standard synthetic methods and procedures for the preparation of organic molecules and functional group transformations and manipulations can be obtained from the relevant scientific literature or from standard textbooks in the field. Although not limited to any one or several sources, classic texts such as Smith, M. B., March, J., March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2001: Greene, T.W., Wuts, P.G. M., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999; R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); L. Fieser and M. Fieser, Fieser and Fieser’s Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1994); and L. Paquette, ed.. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995), incorporated by reference herein, are useful and recognized reference textbooks of organic synthesis known to those in the art [8066] One of ordinary skill in the art will note that, during the reaction sequences and synthetic schemes described herein, the order of certain steps may be changed, such as the introduction and removal of protecting groups. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognise that certain groups may require protection from the reaction conditions via the use of protecting groups. Protecting groups may also be used to differentiate similar functional groups in molecules. A list of protecting groups and how to introduce and remove these groups can be found in Greene, T.W., Wuts, P.G. M., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999.

[6067] It is to be understood that, unless otherwise stated, any description of a method of treatment or prevention includes use of the compounds to provide such treatment or prevention as is described herein. It is to be further understood, unless otherwise stated, any description of a method of treatment or prevention includes use of the compounds to prepare a medicament to treat or prevent such condition. The treatment or prevention includes treatment or prevention of human or non-human animals including rodents and other disease models.

[0068] It is to be understood that, unless otherwise stated, any description of a method of treatment includes use of the compounds to provide such treatment as is described herein. It is to be further understood, unless othe rwise stated, any description of a method of treatment includes use of the compounds to prepare a medicament to treat such condition. The treatment includes treatment of human or non-human animals including rodents and other disease models, As used herein, the term “subject” is interchangeable with the term “subject in need thereof’, both of which refer to a subject having a disease or having an increased risk of developing the disease. A “subject” includes a mammal. The mammal can be e.g., a human or appropriate non-human mammal, such as primate, mouse, rat, dog, cat, cow, horse, goat, camel, sheep or a pig. In one embodiment, the mammal is a human. A subject in need thereof can be one who has been previously diagnosed or identified as having a disease or disorder disclosed herein. A subject in need thereof can also be one who is suffering from a disease or disorder disclosed herein. Alternatively, a subject in need thereof can be one who lias an increased risk of developing such disease or disorder relative to the population at large (i.e. , a subject who is predisposed to developing such disorder relative to the population at large). A subject in need thereof can have a refractory or resistant a disease or disorder disclosed herein (i.e., a disease or disorder disclosed herein that does not respond or lias not yet responded to treatment). The subject may be resistant at start of treatment or may become resistant during treatment. In some embodiments, the subject in need thereof received and failed all known effective therapies for a disease or disorder disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the subject in need thereof received at least one prior therapy.

[6069] As used herein, the term “treating” or “treat” describes the management and care of a patient for the purpose of combating a disease, condition, or disorder and includes the administration of a compound of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, polymorph or solvate thereof, to alleviate the symptoms or complications of a disease, condition or disorder, or to eliminate the disease, condition or disorder. The term “treat” can also include treatment of a cell in vitro or an animal model. It is to be appreciated that references to “treating” or “treatment” include the alleviation of established symptoms of a condition. “Treating” or “treatment” of a state, disorder or condition therefore includes: (1 ) preventing or delaying the appearance of clinical symptoms of the state, disorder or condition developing in a human that may be afflicted w ith or predisposed to the state, disorder or condition but does not yet experience or display clinical or subclinical symptoms of the state, disorder or condition, (2) inhibiting the slate, disorder or condition, i.e., arresting, reducing or delaying the development of the disease or a relapse thereof (in case of maintenance treatment) or al least one clinical or subclinical symptom thereof, or (3) relieving or attenuating the disease, i.e., causing regression of the state, disorder or condition or at least one of its clinical or subclinical symptoms.

[ti070| It is to be understood that a compound of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, polymorph or solvate thereof, can or may also be used to prevent a relevant disease, condition or disorder, or used to identify suitable candidates for such purposes.

[00711 As used herein, the term “preventing,” “prevent,” or “protecting against” describes reducing or eliminating the onset of the symptoms or complications of such disease, condition or disorder. [0072[ It is to be understood that one skilled in the art may refer to general reference texts for detailed descriptions of known techniques discussed herein or equivalent techniques. These texts include Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2005); Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (3rd edition). Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New' York (2000); Coligan et ai„ Current Protocols in Immunology, John Wiley & Sons, N. Y.; Erma et al.. Current Protocols in Pharmacology, John Wiley & Sons, N. Y.; Fingl et al., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (1975), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 18th edition (1990). These texts can also be referred to in making or using an aspect of the disclosure.

[007.31 It is to be understood that the present disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising any compound described herein in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.

|0074[ As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” is a formulation containing the compounds of the present disclosure in a form suitable for administration to a subject. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is in bulk or in unit dosage form. The unit dosage form is any of a variety of forms, including, for example, a capsule, an IV bag, a tablet, a single pump on an aerosol inhaler or a vial. The quantity of active ingredient (e.g., a formulation of the disclosed compound or salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof) in a unit dose of composition is an effective amount and is varied according to the particular treatment involved. One skilled in the art will appreciate that it is sometimes necessary to make routine variations to the dosage depending on the age and condition of the patient. The dosage will also depend on the route of administration. A variety of routes are contemplated, including oral, pulmonary, rectal, parenteral, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, inhalational, buccal, sublingual, intrapleural, intrathecal, intranasal, and the like. Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this disclosure include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, patches and inhalants. In one embodiment, the active compound is mixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and with any preservatives, buffers, or propellants that are required.

[ 0075] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, anions, cations, materials, compositions, carriers, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

[0076] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” means an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is general!}' safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used in the specification and claims includes both one and more than one such excipient.

[80771 It is to be understood that a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include parenteral, e.g., intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, oral (e.g., ingestion), inhalation, transdermal (topical), and transmucosal administration. Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, or subcutaneous application can include tire following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents: antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethvlenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates, and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The pH can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.

[0078] It is to be understood that a compound or pliarmaceutical composition of the disclosure can be administered to a subject in many of the well-known methods currently used for chemotherapeutic treatment. For example, a compound of the disclosure may be injected into the blood stream or body cavities or taken orally or applied through the skin with patches. The dose chosen should be sufficient to constitute effective treatment but not so high as to cause unacceptable side effects. The state of the disease condition (e.g., a disease or disorder disclosed herein) and the health of the patient should preferably be closely monitored during and for a reasonable period after treatment.

[0079] As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount”, refers to an amount of a pharmaceutical agent to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject’s body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; and the therapeutic or combinatio n of therapeutics selected for administration. Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill mid judgment of the clinician.

[0080] It is to be understood that, for any compound, the therapeutically effective amount can be estimated initially either in cell culture assays, e.g., of neoplastic cells, or in animal models, usually rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, or pigs. The animal model may also be used to determine the appropriate concentration range and route of administration. Such information can then be used to determine useful doses and routes for administration in humans. Therapeutic/prophy lactic efficacy and toxicity may be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., ED ₅ O (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population) and LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index, and it can be expressed as the ratio, LDWEDso. Pharmaceutical compositions that exhibit large therapeutic indices are desired. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, sensitivity of the patient, and the route of administration.

[8081 [ Dosage and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the active ageni(s) or to maintain the desired effect. Factors which may be taken into account include the seventy of the disease state, general health of the subject, age, weight, and gender of the subject, diet, time and frequency of administration, drug combination(s), reaction sensitivities, and tolerance/response to therapy.

[00821 The pharmaceutical compositions containing active compounds of the present disclosure may be manufactured in a manner that is generally known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or lyophilizing processes. Pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and/or auxiliaries that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations tliat can be used pharmaceutically. Of course, the appropriate formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.

[0083 ] Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. For intravenous administration, suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor EL™ (BASF, Parsippany, N.J.) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In all cases, the composition must be sterile and should be fluid to the extent tliat easy syringeability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the iike. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol, and sodium chloride in the composition. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

[18)84] Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally , dispersions are prepared by incorpora ting the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-dry ing that yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.

[8085] Oral compositions generally include an inert diluent or an edible pharmaceutically acceptable earner. They can be enclosed in gelatin capsules or compressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tabiets, troches, or capsules. Oral compositions can also be prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash, wherein the compound in the fluid carrier is applied orally and swished and expectorated or swallowed. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition. The tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or com starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.

[0086 ] For administration by inhalation, the compounds are delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressured container or dispenser, which contains a suitable propellant, e.g., a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.

[0087] Systemic administration can also be by transmucosal or transdermal means. For transmucosal or transdermal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, detergents, bile salts, and fusidic acid derivatives. Transmucosal administration can be accomplished through the use of nasal sprays or suppositories. For transdermal administration, the active compounds are formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams as generally known in the art.

[0088] The active compounds can be prepared with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers tliat will protect the compound against rapid elimination from the body, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, poly glycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and poly lactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The materials can also be obtained commercially from Alza Corporation and Nova Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Liposomal suspensions (including liposomes targeted to infected cells with monoclonal antibodies to viral antigens) can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,811.

[0089] It is especially advantageous to formulate oral or parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity’ of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specification for the dosage unit forms of the disclosure are dictated by and directly dependent on the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved.

[0090 j In therapeutic applications, the dosages of the pharmaceutical compositions used in accordance with the disclosure vary depending on the agent, the age, weight, and clinical condition of tiie recipient patient, and the experience and judgment of the clinician or practitioner administering the therapy , among other factors affecting the selected dosage. Generally, the dose should be sufficient to result in slowing, and preferably regressing, the symptoms of the disease or disorder disclosed herein and also preferably causing complete regression of the disease or disorder. Dosages can range from about 0.01 mg/kg per day to about 5000 mg/kg per day. An effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent is that which provides an objectively’ identifiable improvement as noted by the clinician or other qualified observer. Improvement in survival and growth indicates regression. As used herein, the term “dosage effective manner” refers to amount of an active compound to produce the desired biological effect in a subject or cell.

[0091] It is to be understood that the pliarmaceutical compositions can be included in a container, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration.

[0092] It is to be understood that, for the compounds of the present disclosure being capable of further forming salts, all of these forms are also contemplated within the scope of the claimed disclosure.

[0093] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer to derivatives of the compounds of the present disclosure wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines, alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional uon-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from Bon-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include, but are not limited io, those derived from inorganic and organic acids selected from 2-acetoxybenzoic, 2- hydroxyethane sulfonic, acetic, ascorbic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, bicarbonic, carbonic, citric, edelic, ethane disulfonic, 1,2-ethane sulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, glycolic, glycollyarsanilic, hexylresorcinic, hydrabamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodic, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauryl sulfonic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, napsylic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, polygalacturonic, propionic, salicylic, stearic, subacetic, succinic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tannic, tartaric, toluene sulfonic, and the commonly occurring amine acids, e.g., glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, etc.

[0994] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a calcium salt, a magnesium salt, a diethylamine salt, a choline salt, a meglumine salt, a benzathine salt, a tromethamine salt, an ammonia salt, an arginine salt, or a lysine salt.

[0095] Other examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include hexanoic acid, cyclopentane propionic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, 4- chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo-[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-l-caiboxylic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, muconic acid, and the like. The present disclosure also encompasses salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such as ethanolamme, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N -methylglucamine, and the like. In the salt form, it is understood that the ratio of the compound to the cation or anion of the salt can be 1 : 1 , or any ratio other than 1 : 1, e.g., 3:1, 2: 1, 1:2, or 1:3.

[0096] It is to be understood that all references to pharmaceutically acceptable salts include solvent addition forms (solvates) or cry sial forms (polymorphs) as defined herein, of the same salt.

[0097] The compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are administered orally, nasally, transdermally, pulmonary, inhal at tonally, buccally, sublingually, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly , intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally and parenterally. In one embodiment, the compound is administered orally . One skilled in the art will recognise the advantages of certain routes of administration.

[0098] The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity' of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilled physician or veterinarian can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drag required to prevent, counter, or arrest the progress of the condition. An ordinarily skilled physician or veterinarian can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to counter or arrest the progress of the condition.

[ (8)99] Techniques for formulation and administration of the disclosed compounds of the disclosure can be found in Remington: the Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA ( 1995). In an embodiment, the compounds described herein, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are used in pharmaceutical preparations in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include inert solid filters or diluents and sterile aqueous or organic solutions. The compounds will be present in such pharmaceutical compositions in amounts sufficient to provide the desired dosage amount in the range described herein. ifiiOO] All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by weight. Other features and advantages of the present disclosure are apparent from the different examples. The provided examples illustrate different components and methodology useful in practicing the present disclosure. The examples do not limit the claimed disclosure. Based on the present disclosure the skilled artisan can identify and employ other components and methodology useful for practicing the present disclosure.

[8101 j In the synthetic schemes described herein, compounds may be drawn wuth one particular configuration for simplicity. Such particular configurations are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure to one or another isomer, tautomer, regioisomer or stereoisomer, nor does it exclude mixtures of isomers, tautomers, regioisomers or stereoisomers; however, it will be understood that a given isomer, tautomer, regioisomer or stereoisomer may have a higher level of activity than another isomer, tautomer, regioisomer or stereoisomer.

[81021 All publications and patent documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference as if each such publication or document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Citation of publications and patent documents is not intended as an admission that any is pertinent prior art, nor does it constitute any admission as to the contents or date of the same. The invention having now been described by way of written description, those of skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced in a variety of embodiments and that the foregoing description and examples below are for purposes of illustration and not limitation of the claims that follow'.

[ 01 S3 ] As use herein, the phrase “compound of the disclosure” refers to those compounds which are disclosed herein, both generically and specifically. Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[0104] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, a compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

A is a 5- to 8-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises at least one O ring atom;

R ^! is halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy;

R ² is halogen or Ci-Ce alkyl; or R ^l and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 3 - or 4-membered carbocyclic ring;

R ³ is -OH, halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyd, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy;

X is H, -OH, halogen, -NH2, -NHfCi-Cg alkyl), -N(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyd)?., or Ct-Ck alkyl; and

R ⁴ is H, C]-Cs alkyd, or -C(O)(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl); and p is 0 or 1, wherein each instance of alkyl, alk-, or carbocyclic is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms; and when R ³ is CI, then is not

[0105] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is not or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0106] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (I) wherein p is 1; R ^l is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl or Ci- C? alkoxy'; and R ² is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

[0107] In some embodiments, A is a 5- to 8-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises of at least one O ring atom. In some embodiments, A is a 5- to 8- membered monocyclic heterocvcloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyd comprises one O ring atom. [0108] In some embodiments, A is a 5-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocvcloalkyl comprises of at least one O ring atom. In some embodiments, A is a 5-membered monocyclic heterocvcloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one O ring atom. [0109] In some embodiments, A is a 6-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises of at least one O ring atom. In some embodiments, A is a 6-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one O ring atom.

[01101 Io some embodiments, A is a 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises of at least one O ring atom. In some embodiments, A is a 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one O ring atom.

[0111] In some embodiments, A is a 8-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises of at least one O ring atom. In some embodiments, A is a 8-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one O ring atom.

[0112] In some embodiments, p is 0 or 1.

[0113] In some embodiments, p is 0. In some embodiments, p is 1.

[0114] In some embodiments, R ¹ is halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, wherein the alkyl or alkoxy’ is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[0115] In some embodiments, R ¹ is halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyd, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy’, wherein the alkyd or alkoxy’ is substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[0116] In some embodiments, R ¹ is halogen, Ci-Ce alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy.

[0117] In some embodiments, R ¹ is halogen.

[0118] In some embodiments, R ¹ is F, Cl, Br, or I.

[0119] In some embodiments, R ¹ is F. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ci. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Br. In some embodiments, R ¹ is I.

[0120] In some embodiments, R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen, [0121] In some embodiments, R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. [0122] In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ci-Ce alkvl.

[0123 ] In some embodiments, R ^l is methyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is ethyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is propyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is butyl substituted w ith 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is pentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is hexyd substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, each R ¹ is isopropyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isobuty l substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isopentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isohexyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. Io some embodiments, R ¹ is secbutyl substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is secpentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is sechexyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is tertbutyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen,

[6124] In some embodiments, R ¹ is methyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ^! is ethyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ^! is propyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ^! is butyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is pentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, Ri is hexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, each R ¹ is isopropyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isobutyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isopentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isohexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is secbutyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is secpentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ^s is sechexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ^! is tertbutyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[0125] In some embodiments, R ¹ is methyl. In some embodiments, R ¹ is ethyl. In some embodiments, R' is propyl. In some embodiments, R ¹ is butyl. In some embodiments, R' is pentyl. In some embodiments, R ^] is hexyl. In some embodiments, each R ¹ is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isobutyl. In some embodiments, R ^l is isopentyl. In some embodiments, R ^l is isohexyl. In some embodiments, R ¹ is secbutyl. In some embodiments, R ^l is secpentyl. In some embodiments, R ¹ is sechexyd. In some embodiments, R‘ is tertbutyl.

[0126[ In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ci-Ch alkoxy substituted with 0, I, 2, or 3 halogen.

[0127] In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ci-Ch alkoxy substituted with I , 2, or 3 halogen.

[0128| In some embodiments, R ¹ is C i-Ch alkoxy.

[fi}29[ In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ci alkoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen.In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ch: alkoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Cs alkoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ^! is Q alkoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ^! is Cs alkoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ^l is Cs alkoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[0130| In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ci alkoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ¹ is C2 alkoxy substituted with I, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ^l is Ch alkoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ^[ is Ch alkoxy substituted with I , 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Cs alkoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is C& alkoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[01311 In some embodiments, R ^l is C] alkoxy. In some embodiments, R ¹ is C2 alkoxy. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Cs alkoxy. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Ch alkoxy. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Cs alkoxy. In some embodiments, R ¹ is Cs alkoxy,

[0132] In some embodiments, R ² is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted with 0, I, 2, or 3 halogen. [0133[ In some embodiments, R ² is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted with I, 2, or 3 halogen. [0134] In some embodiments, R ² is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

[©135] In some embodiments, R ² is halogen.

[0136] In some embodiments, R ² is F, Cl, Br, or I.

[0137] In some embodiments, R ² is F. In some embodiments, R ² is Cl. In some embodiments, R ² is Br. In some embodiments, R ² is I. [0138J In some embodiments, R ² is C]-C _& alkyl substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or 3 halogen. [0339J In some embodiments, R ² is C]-C _& alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[6146] In some embodiments, R ^z is Ci-Ca alkyl.

[6145] In some embodiments, R ² is methyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is ethyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is propyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is butyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is pentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is hexyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isopropyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isobutyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isopentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isohexyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is secbutyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is secpentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is sechexyl substituted w ith 0, 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is tertbuty l substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or 3 halogen.

[0142] In some embodiments, R ² is methyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is ethyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is propyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is butyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is pentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is hexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isopropyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isobutyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isopentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is isohexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ² is secbutyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is secpentvl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is sechexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² is tertbutyl substituted with I, 2, or 3 halogen.

[61431 In some embodiments, R ² is methyl. In some embodiments, R ² is ethyl. In some embodiments, R ² is propyl. In some embodiments, R ² is butyl. In some embodiments, R ² is pentyl. In some embodiments, R ² is hexyl. In some embodiments, R ² is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R ² is isobutyl. In some embodiments, R ² is isopentyl. In some embodiments, R ² is isohexyl. In some embodiments, R ² is secbutyl. In some embodiments, R ² is secpentyl. In some embodiments, R ² is sechexyl. In some embodiments, R ² is tertbutyl.

[6144] In some embodiments, R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 3- or 4-membered carbocyclic ring substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[6145] In some embodiments, R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to wiuch they are attached, form a 3- or 4-membered carbocyclic ring substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen atoms.

[6146] In some embodiments, R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 3- or 4-membered carbocyclic ring. [0147] In some embodiments, R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 3 -membered carbocyclic ring substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[0148] In some embodiments, R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 3-membered carbocyclic ring substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[0149] In some embodiments, R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a

3 -membered carbocyclic ring.

[0150] In some embodiments, R ^! and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a

4-membered carbocyclic ring substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[0151] In some embodiments, R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-membered carbocyclic ring substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[0152] In some embodiments, R ^! and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-membered carbocyclic ring.

[0153] In some embodiments, p is 1 and each of R ¹ and R ² is independent!}' C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl. In some embodiments, p is 1 and each of R ¹ and R ² is independent!}' C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl, wherein R ^] and R ^z are attached to the same carbon atom on Ring A.

[0154] In some embodiments, p is 1 and each of R ¹ and R ² is methyl. In some embodiments, p is 1 and each of R ¹ and R ² is methyl, wherein R ¹ and R ² are attached to the same carbon atom on Ring A. [0155] In some embodiments, R ³ is -OH, halogen, Ci-Cr, alkyl, or Ci-C& alkoxy, wherein the alkyl or alkoxy is independently substituted with O, 1, 2, or 3 halogea

[0156] In some embodiments, R ³ is -OH, halogen, Ci-Cr, alkyl, or Ci-C& alkoxy, wherein the alkyl or alkoxy is substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[0157] In some embodiments, R ³ is -OH, halogen, Ci-Ce alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy.

[0158] In some embodiments, R ³ is -OH.

[01 §9] In some embodiments, R ³ is halogen.

[0160] In some embodiments, R ³ is Br. In some embodiments, R ³ is Cl. In some embodiments, R ³ is F. In some embodiments, R ³ is I.

[0161] In some embodiments, R ³ is not halogen.

[0162] In some embodiments, R ³ is C] -C _& alky! or Ci -Cs alkoxy’.

[0163] In some embodiments, R ³ is Ci-Ca alkyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[0164] In some embodiments, R ³ is Ci-Ca alkyl substituted with I, 2, or 3 halogen.

[0165] In some embodiments, R ³ is Cj-Ct. alkyl.

[0166] In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is ethyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ³ is propyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is butyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is pentyl substituted with 0, I, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is hexyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is isopropyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ⁵ is isobutvl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ² independently is isopentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is isohexyl substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is secbutyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is secpentyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is sechexyl substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is tertbutyl substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or 3 halogen.

[0167] In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is ethyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ³ is propyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is butyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is pentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is hexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is isopropyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ³ is isobutvl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ² independently is isopentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is isohexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is secbutyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is secpentyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is sechexyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is tertbutyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[0168] In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is ethyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is propyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is butyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is pentyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is hexyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is isobutyl. In some embodiments, R ² independently is isopentyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is isohexyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is secbutyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is secpentyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is sechexyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is tertbutyl.

[0169] In some embodiments, R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogea [0170 j In some embodiments, R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. [0171] In some embodiments, R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy.

[0172] In some embodiments, R ³ is methoxy' substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is ethoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ³ is propoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is butoxy' substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ^! is pentoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is hexoxy substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen,

[0173] In some embodiments, R ³ is methoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen, In some embodiments, R ³ is ethoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is propoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is butoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogea In some embodiments, R ³ is pentoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 lialogen. In some embodiments, R ³ is hexoxy substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen.

[9174] In some embodiments, R ³ is methoxy. In some embodiments, R ³ is ethoxy'. In some embodiments, R ³ is propoxy. In some embodiments, R ³ is butoxy. In some embodiments, R ³ is pentoxy. In some embodiments, R ³ is hexoxy.

[0175] In some embodiments, R ³ is Cl, methyl, -CF?, -CHF?, or -OCHF2.

[0176] In some embodiments, R ³ is -CF?, -CHF?, or -OCHF2.

[0177] In some embodiments, R ^J is -CFs. In some embodiments, R ³ is -CHF?. In some embodiments, R ³ is -OCHF?.

[0178] In some embodiments, X is H, -OH, halogen, -NH?, -Nl-tyC ₁ -C ₆ alkyl), -N(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl)?., or Ci-Ce alkyl.

[0179] In some embodiments, X is -OH, halogen, -NH?, -NHiCi-Ce alkyl), -N(Ci-C ₆ alkyl)?, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

[0180] In some embodiments, X is H.

[0181] In some embodiments, X is halogen.

[0182] In some embodiments, X is Br, Cl, F, or I.

[0183] In some embodiments, X is Br. In some embodiments, X is CI. In some embodiments, X is F. In some embodiments, X is I.

[0184] In some embodiments, X is -OH.

[0185] In some embodiments, X is -NH?. In some embodiments, X is -NH(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl).

[0186] In some embodiments, X is -NH(Ci alkyl). In some embodiments, X is -NH(C? alkyl). In some embodiments, X is -NH(C? alkyl). In some embodiments, X is -NH(C ₄ alkyl). In some embodiments, X is -NH(Cs alkyl). In some embodiments, X is -NH(Cs alkyl).

[0187] In some embodiments, X is -N(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl)?.

[0188] In some embodiments, X is -N(Ci alkyl)?. In some embodiments, X is -N(C? alkyl)?. In some embodiments, X is -N(C? alkyl)?. In some embodiments, X is -N(C ₄ alkyl)?. In some embodiments, X is -N(Cs alkyl)?. In some embodiments, X is -N(Cs alkyl)?.

[0189] In some embodiments, X is Ci-Cg alkyl.

[0190] In some embodiments, X is methyl. In some embodiments, X is ethyl. In some embodiments, X is propyl. In some embodiments, X is butyl. In some embodiments, X is pentyl. In some embodiments, X is hexyl. In some embodiments, each X is isopropyl. In some embodiments, X is isobutyl. In some embodiments, X is isopentyl. In some embodiments, Xis isohexyl. In some embodiments, X is secbutyl. In some embodiments, X is secpentyl. In some embodiments, X is sechexyl. In some embodiments, Xis tertbutyl.

[0191] In some embodiments, X is H or F.

[0192] In some embodiments, R ⁴ is H, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C?-C ₆ alkenyl, Cb-Cg alkynyl, or -C(O)(Ci-C6 alkyl).

[0193] In some embodiments, R ⁴ is Ci-C ₆ alkyl, C?-C ^! 6 alkenyl, C2-C.5 alkynyl, or -C(O)(Ci-C'6 alkyl).

[0194] In some embodiments, R ⁴ is H.

[0195] In some embodiments, R ⁴ is Ci-C& alley 1.

[0196] In some embodiments, R ⁴ is methyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is ethyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is propyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is butyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is pentyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is hexyl. In some embodiments, each R ⁴ is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is isobutyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is isopentyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is isohexyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is secbutyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is secpentyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is sechexyl. In some embodiments, R ⁴ is tertbutyl, [0197] In some embodiments, R ⁴ is -<'{<);(( -( alkyl).

[0198] In some embodiments, R ⁴ is -C(O)(Ci alkyl). In some embodiments, R ⁴ is -C(O)(C2 alkyl). In some embodiments, R ⁴ is -C(O)(C3 alkyl). In some embodiments, R ⁴ is -C(O)(C4 alkyl). In some embodiments, R ⁴ is -C(O)(C-5 alkyl). In some embodiments, R ⁴ is -C(O)(Ct, alkyl).

[0199] In some embodiments, each instance of alkyl, alk-, or carbocyclic is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[0200] In some embodiments, each instance of alkyl is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. [0201] In some embodiments, each instance of alk- is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. [0202] In some embodiments, each instance of carbocyclic is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.

[02031 In certain embodiments, the phenyl ring system of formula (a): wherein X is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -F, -Cl, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, Ci-Ce alkyl, or C t-C& alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH3, or - OCHF2.

[0204] In certain embodiments, the amine ring sy stem of formula (b):

[0205] In certain embodiments, the amine ring system of formula:

[h2b6| In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (I-a) or (I-b): pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -II, -F, -Cl, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, Rf is halogen, Ci-Cj, alkyl, or Cj-Ce alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, -CHF2, -CFa, -CFI-j, or - OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ci-Ct, alkyl or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g, -CHF2, -CF-j, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -CHF?, -CF3, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, the amine ring system of formula (b) is of formula (b-1). In certain embodiments, R ¹ is -CH? and R ² is -CH3.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (Il-a), or (II-c): pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, X is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -F, -Cl, or -CHj. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, or Ci-C* alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, - CHF?., -CF3, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ci-C6 alkyl or Cj-Ce alkoxy, e.g., -CHF2, -CF3, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ci-Cg alkyl, e.g., -CHF2, - CF-j, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, the amine ring system of formula (b) is of formula (b- 1), In certain embodiments, R ¹ is -CH3 and R ² is -CH3.

[0208] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (IM), (Il-e), or (Il-f): pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathratf hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, X is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -F, -Ci, or -CHj. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, Ct-Ce alkyl, or Ci-C* alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, - CHFj, -CF3, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ci-C6 alkyl or Cj-Ce alkoxy, e.g., -CHF2, -CF3, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ci-Cg alkyl, e.g., -CHF2, -

CF3, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, the amine ring system of formula (b) is of formula (b- 1), In certain embodiments, R ¹ is -CH3 and R is -CH3.

[0209] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (III-a), (III-b), or s lll-ci clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, w herein m is an integer from 0 to 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 2.

[0210] In some embodiments of Formula (III-a), ( 111 -b ), or (III-c), m is 0, 1, or 2.

[0211 ] In some embodiments of Formula (III-a), (III-b), or (III-c), m is 1 or 2.

[0212] In some embodiments of Formula (III-a), (III-b), or (III-c), m is 0. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2. [0213] In some embodiments of Formula (Ill-a), (IH-b), or (III-c), n is 0, 1, or 2.

[0214] In some embodiments of Formula (Ill-a), (IH-b), or (IIJ-c), n is 1 or 2.

[0215] In some embodiments of Fo rmula (Ill-a), (III-b), or (III-c), n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2.

[0216] In some embodiments of Formula (Ill-a), (III-b), or (III-c), when one of m and n is 0, the other of m and n is 1 or 2.

[0217] In some embodiments of Formula (Ill-a), (III-b), or (III-c), when one of m and n is 0, the other of m and n is 1.

[0218] In some embodiments of Formula (IH-a), (III-b), or (III-c), w'hen one of m and n is 0, the other of m and n is 2.

[0219] In certain embodiments of Formula (Ill-a), (III-b), or (III-c), the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., - H, -F, -Cl, or -CH?,. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, Ci-Ce alkyl, or Ci-C« alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, -CHF ₂ , -CF ₃ , -CH ₃ , or -OCHF?. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Cj-Ce alkyl or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g. , -CHF ₂ , -CFj, -CH ₃ , or -OCHF ₂ . In certain embodiments, R ³ is C i-C& alkyl, e.g., -CHF?, -CFj, or -CH?. In certain embodiments, R ¹ is -CH?, and R ² is -CH?.

[0220] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (IJI-d), (III-e), or (Ill-f): pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate. hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein m is an integer from 0 to 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 2.

[0221] In certain embodiments of Formula ( 11 I d ). (III-e), or (III-f), the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or Cj-Cs alkyl, e.g., - H, -F, -Cl, or -CH?. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, Ci-C _£ , alkyl, or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, -CHF ₂ , -CF?,, -CH?, or -OCHF ₂ . In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ci-C _£ , alkyl or Ci-C _£ , alkoxy, e.g., -CHF ₂ , -CF ₃ , -CH ₃ , or -OCHF ₂ . In certain embodiments, R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -CHF ₂ , -CF ₃ , or -CH?. In certain embodiments, R ¹ is -CH? and R ² is -CH ₃ (when p = 1). In certain embodiments, R ^! is -CH ₃ and R ² is absent (whenp = 0).

[1)222] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (IV-a), (IV -to), or (IV-c):

clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or Ci-C-6 alkyl, e.g.. -H, -F, -Cl, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ^J is halogen, Cj-Ce alkyl, or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g, -Cl, -CHF2, -CF?, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R? is Ci-Ce alkyl or Ci-Cg alkoxy, e.g. , -CHF?., -CF3, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ct-Cg alkyl, e.g. , -CHF?., -CF3, or -CH?. In certain embodiments, R ¹ is -CH3 and R ^z is -CH?.

[02231 In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (IV-al), (IV-bl), or (IV- cl): clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or Ci-Ce alkyl, e.g., -H, -F, -Cl, or -CH?. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ^J is halogen, Cj-Ce alkyl, or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g, -Cl, -CHF?, -CF?, -CH?, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ^J is Ci-Ce alkyl or Ci-Cg alkoxy, e.g. , -CHF?, -CF?, -CH?, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is Ct-Cg alkyl, e.g , -CHF?„ -CF?, or -CH?.

[0224J In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (V-a), (V-b), or (V-c):

hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0225| In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (V-a’), (V-b’), or (V-c’): clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or Ci-Cj, alkyl, e.g, -H, -F, -Cl, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, Ci-Ce alkyl, or Ci-Ct, alkoxy, e.g., -Ci, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH-j, or - OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R’ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g., -CHF2, -CF3, -CH ₃ , or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ^J is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -CHF2, -CF3, or -CII3. In certain embodiments, R ¹ is -CH3 and R ² is -CH3.

[82261 In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (Vl-a), (Vl-b), ( VI-c),

pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or Cj-Cr. alkyl, e.g., -H, -F, -Cl, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, R ⁴ is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, Ci-C-6 alkyl, or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, -CHF?, -CF3, -CH3, or - OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl or Ci-Ce alkoxy, e.g., -CHF2, -CF3, -CH3, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, e.g., -CHF2, -CF3, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, R ^J is -CH3 and R ² is -CH3.

[02271 In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is of Formula (Vl-al ), (VI-M), (VI-cl),

(Vl-dl), (Vl-el), (Vl-fl), (Vl-gl), or (VI-M):

pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodnig thereof. In certain embodiments, the phenyl ring system of formula (a) is of formula (a-1), (a-2), or (a-3), wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or C1-C& alkyl, e.g., -H, -F, -Cl, or -CH3. In certain embodiments, R* is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ³ is halogen, Cs-Ce alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, e.g., -Cl, -CHF?., -CF?, -CH?, or - OCHF2. Tn certain embodiments, R ³ is Ci-Cc, alkyl or Ci-Cr, alkoxy, e.g. , -CHF2, -CF?, -CH?, or -OCHF2. In certain embodiments, R ^J is Ci-Cg alkyl, e.g. , -CHF?, -CF?, or -CH?.

[0228] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a phannaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[0229] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0230] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a solvate thereof.

[0231| In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a clathrate thereof.

[0232] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a hydrate thereof.

[0233] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a stereoisomer thereof.

[1)234] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a tautomer thereof.

[0235] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or an isotopically labeled compound thereof.

[0236] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1, or a prodrug thereof.

[0237] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 1. Stereochemistry which has been arbitrarily assigned is signified with an Asterix (*)

[0238] In some embodiments, the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound described in Table 1.

[0239] In some embodiments, the compound is a prodrug of a compound described in Table 1,

[0240] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described in Table 1, or a prodrug or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0241] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0242] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic deriva tive of a prodrug of any one of the compounds described in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0243] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described in Table 1 .

[0244] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. [0245] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0246] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a solvate thereof.

[0247] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a clathrate thereof.

[0248] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a hydrate thereof.

[0249] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a stereoisomer thereof.

[6250] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a tautomer thereof.

[0251 ] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or an isotopically labeled compound thereof.

[0252] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2, or a prodrug thereof.

[0253] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from a compound described in Table 2. Stereochemistry which has been arbitrarily assigned is signified with an Asterix (*).

[0254] In some embodiments, the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound described in Table 2.

[0255] In some embodiments, the compound is a prodrug of a compound described in Table 2,

[0256] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described in Table 2, or a prodrug or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0257] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described in Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0258] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of a prodrug of any one of the compounds described in Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. [0259] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described in Table 2.

[0260] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound being an isotopic derivative (e.g., isotopically labeled compound) of any one of the compounds of the Formulae disclosed herein.

[0261] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides, inter aha, compounds selected from

(R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amin o)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol;

5-(difluoromethyl)”2-(4-((2-(methoxy -d3 )-2-methy lpropyl)amino)py rido [3 ,4-d]py ridazin- 1 - yl)phenol;

(R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran4-yl)a mino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol;

(S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyitetrahydro-2H-pyran~4-yl) amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol;

(R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yi)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol; and

(S)-2-(4-(((4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)metbyl)amino)pyrido[3, 4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenol.

[6262] In some embodiments, the compound is (R)-5-cbloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofiiran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol.

[6263] In some embodiments, the compound is 5-(difluorometiiyl)-2-(4-((2-(metiioxy-d3)-2- methylpropyl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l"yl)phenoL

[6264] In some embodiments, the compound is (R)-5-chioro-2-(4-((3,3-dimetliyltetraliydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-I-yl)phenol.

[0265] In some embodiments, the compound is (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-diinethyItetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-I-yl)phenol.

[0266] In some embodiments, the compound is (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahvdrofuran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-methylphenol.

[0267] In some embodiments, the compound is (S)-2-(4-(((4-methylmorpholin-2- yl)methyl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-(trifluoromet by])pbenol.

[0268] In some embodiments, the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the compounds described herein.

[0269] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound being an isotopic derivative (also referred to herein as an isotopically labeled compound) of any one of the compounds of the Formulae disclosed herein.

[0270] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described herein and prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[0271] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described herein and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[8272] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of prodrugs of the compounds described herein and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[827.3 ] In some embodiments, the compound is an isotopic derivative of any one of the compounds described herein.

[8274] It is understood that the isotopic derivative can be prepared using any of a variety of art- recognized techniques. For example, the isotopic derivative can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples described herein, by substituting an isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.

[8275] In some embodiments, the isotopic derivative is a deuterium labeled compound.

[8276] In some embodiments, the isotopic derivative is a deuterium labeled compound of any one of the compounds of the Formulae disclosed herein.

[8277] The term “isotopic derivative”, as used herein, refers to a derivative of a compound in which one or more atoms are isotopically enriched or labeled. For example, an isotopic derivative of a compound disclosed herein is isotopically enriched with regard to, or labeled with, one or more isotopes as compared to the corresponding disclosed compound. In some embodiments, the isotopic derivative is enriched with regard to, or labeled with, one or more atoms selected from ² H, ¹³ C, ¹⁴ C, ¹⁵ N, ¹⁸ O, ²⁹ Si, ³¹ P, and ³⁴ S. In some embodiments, the isotopic derivative is a deuterium labeled compound (i.e., being enriched with ² H with regard to one or more atoms thereof). In some embodiments, the compound is a ¹⁸ F labeled compound. In some embodiments, the compound is a ^l23 I labeled compound, a ^S24 I labeled compound, a ^l23 I labeled compound, a ¹²⁹ I labeled compound, a ^{13 l} I labeled compound, a ^S35 I labeled compound, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the compound is a ³³ S labeled compound, a ³⁴ S labeled compound, a ³⁵ S labeled compound, a ^3b S labeled compound, or any combination thereof.

[8278] It is understood that the ^iS F, ^l23 1, ¹²⁴ I, ^l23 I, ¹²⁹ I, ^{]3 l} I, ^l33 I, ³² S, ³⁴ S, ³ 'S, and/or ³⁶ S labeled compound, can be prepared using any of a variety of art-recognized techniques. For example, the deuterium labeled compound can generally be prepared by carry ing out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples described herein, by substituting a ¹⁸ F, ¹²³ I, ^l24 I, ⁱ² ’1, ¹²⁹ I, ^l31 1, ¹³⁵ I, ^3z S, ³⁴ S, ^! ’S, and/or ³⁶ S labeled reagent for a non-isotope labeled reagent.

[8279] A compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof that contains one or more of the aforementioned ⁱ⁸ F, ⁱ²³ I, ¹²⁴ 1, ¹²⁵ I, ⁱ²⁹ I, ¹³¹ 1, ¹³⁵ 1, ³² S, ³⁴ S, ³⁵ S, and ^3£ 'S atom(s) is within the scope of the invention. Further, substitution with isotope (e.g., ¹⁸ F, ¹²³ 1, ¹²⁴ 1, ¹²⁹ I, ¹³¹ 1, ¹³⁵ 1, ³² S, ³⁴ S, ³⁵ S, and/or ^3b S) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, e.g., increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements.

[8288] For the avoidance of doubt it is to be understood that, where in this specification a group is qualified by “described herein”, the said group encompasses the first occurring and broadest definition as well as each and all of the particular definitions for that group. [028 Ij A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the disclosure is, for example, an acid-addition salt of a compound of the disclosure which is sufficiently basic, for example, an acid-addition salt with, for example, an inorganic or organic acid, for example hydrochloric, bydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, trifluoroacetic, formic, citric methane sulfonate or maleic acid. In addition, a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the disclosure which is sufficiently acidic is an alkali metal salt, for example a sodium or potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, for example a calcium or magnesium salt, mi ammonium salt or a salt with an organic base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, for example a salt with methylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine. [02821 It will be understood that the compounds of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein and any pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprise stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, polymorphs of all isomeric forms of said compounds.

[0283| In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is not:

5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)aniino)p yrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenol;

5-chloro-2-t4"((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amin o)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin- l -yl)phenol; or

2-(4-((5,5-dimetliyltetraliydrofunin-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3, 4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof

[0284] As used herein, the term “isomerism” means compounds that have identical molecular formulae but differ in the sequence of bonding of their atoms or in the arrangement of their atoms in space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers.” Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed ‘'diastereoisomers,” and stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers” or sometimes optical isomers. A mixture containing equal amounts of individual enantiomeric forms of opposite chirality is termed a “racemic mixture.”

[0285] As used herein, the term “chiral center” refers to a carbon atom bonded to four nonidentical substituents.

[0286] As used herein, the term “chiral isomer” means a compound with at least one chiral center. Compounds with more than one chiral center may exist either as an individual diastereomer or as a mixture of diastereomers, termed “diastereomeric mixture.” When one chiral center is present, a stereoisomer may be characterized by the absolute configura tion (R or S) of tliat chiral center. Absolute configuration refers to the arrangement in space of the substituents attached to the chiral center. The substituents attached to the chiral center under consideration are ranked in accordance with the Sequence Rule of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog. (Cahn et al., Angew. Chem. Inter. Edit. 1966, 5, 385; errata 511; Cahn et al., Angew. Chem. 1966, 78, 413; Cahn and Ingold, J. Chem. Soc. 1951 (London), 612; Cahn et al., Experieutia 1956, 12, 81; Cahn, J. Chem, Educ. 1964, 41, 116).

[8287] As used herein, the term “geometric isomer” means the diastereomers that owe their existence to hindered rotation about double bonds or a cycloalkyl linker (e.g., 1,3-cycIobutyl). These configurations are differentiated in their names by the prefixes cis and trans, or Z and E, which indicate that the groups are on the same or opposite side of the double bond in the molecule according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rales.

[8288] It is to be understood tliat the compounds of the present disclosure may be depicted as different chiral isomers or geometric isomers. It is also to be understood that when compounds have chiral isomeric or geometric isomeric forms, all isomeric forms are intended to be included in the scope of the present disclosure, and the naming of the compounds does not exclude any isomeric forms, it being understood tliat not all isomers may have the same level of activity.

[8289] It is to be understood tliat the structures and other compounds discussed in this disclosure include all atropic isomers thereof. It is also to be understood that not ail atropic isomers may have the same level of activity.

[8290] As used herein, the term “tautomer” is one of two or more structural isomers that exist in equilibrium and is readily converted from one isomeric form to another. This conversion results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom accompanied by a switch of adjacent conjugated double bonds. Tautomers exist as a mixture of a tautomeric set in solution. In solutions where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will be reached. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent and pH. The concept of tautomers that are interconvertible by tautomerizations is called tautomerism. Of the various types of tautomerism that are possible, two are commonly observed. In keto-enol tautomerism a simultaneous shift of electrons and a hydrogen atom occurs. Ring-chain tautomerism arises as a result of the aldehyde group (-CHO) in a sugar chain molecule reacting with one of the hydroxy groups (-OH) in the same molecule to give it a cyclic (ring-shaped) form as exhibited by glucose.

[8291] It is to be understood that the compounds of the present disclosure may be depicted as different tautomers. It should also be understood that when compounds have tautomeric forms, all tautomeric forms are intended to be included in the scope of the present disclosure, and the naming of the compounds does not exclude any tautomer form. It will be understood tiiat certain tautomers may have a higher level of activity than others.

[8292 ] Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers.” Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers” Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superirnposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers.” When a compound lias an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (-)-isomers respectively). A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture.”

[8293] The compounds of tliis disclosure may possess one or more asymmetric centers; such compounds can therefore be produced as individual (R)- or (S)-stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, the description or naming of a particular compound in the specification and claims is intended to include both individual enantiomers and mixtures, racemic or otherwise, thereof. The methods for the determination of stereochemistry and the separation of stereoisomers are well-known in the art (see discussion in Chapter 4 of “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, 4th edition J. March, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2001), for example by synthesis from optically active starting materials or by resolution of a racemic form. Some of the compounds of the disclosure may- have geometric isomeric centers (E- and Z- isomers). It is to be understood that the present disclosure encompasses all optical, diastereoisomers and geometric isomers and mixtures thereof that possess inflamniasome inhibitory activity.

[8294] It is to be understood that the compounds of any Formula described herein include the compounds themselves, as well as their salts, and their solvates, if applicable. A salt, for example, can be formed between an anion and a positively charged group (e.g., amino) on a substituted compound disclosed herein. Suitable anions include chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, bisulfate, sulfamate, nitrate, phosphate, citrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, glutamate, glucuronate, glutarate, malate, maleate, succinate, fumarate, tartrate, tosylate, salicylate, lactate, naphthalenesulfonate, and acetate (e.g., trifluoroacetate).

[8295] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable anion" refers to an anion suitable for forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, likewise, a salt can also be formed between a cation and a negatively charged group (e.g., carboxylate) on a substituted compound disclosed herein. Suitable cations include sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, and an ammonium cation such as tetrametliylanmionium ion or diethylamine ion. The substituted compounds disclosed herein also include those salts containing quaternary nitrogen atoms.

[0296] It is to be understood that the compounds of the present disclosure, for example, the salts of the compounds, can exist in either hydrated or unhydrated (the anhydrous) form or as solvates with other solvent molecules. Nonlimiting examples of hydrates include rnonohydrates, dihydrates, etc. Nonlimiting examples of solvates include ethanol solvates, acetone solvates, etc.

[6297] As used herein, the term “solvate” means solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoicbiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H20.

[8298] As used herein, the term “analog" refers to a chemical compound that is structurally similar to another but differs slightly in composition (as in the replacement of one atom by an atom of a different element or in the presence of a particular functional group, or the replacement of one functional group by another functional group). Thus, an analog is a compound that is similar or comparable in function and appearance, but not in structure or origin to the reference compound.

[8299] As used herein, the term “derivative” refers to compounds that have a common core structure and are substituted with various groups as described herein.

[8388] It is also to be understood that certain compounds of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein may exist in solvated as well as unsolvated forms such as, for example, hydrated forms. A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable solvate is, for example, a hydrate such as hemi-hydrate, a mono-hydrate, a di-hydrate or a tri-hydrate. It is to be understood that the disclosure encompasses all such solvated forms that possess inflammasome inhibitory activity.

[0381] It is also to be understood that certain compounds of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein may exhibit polymorphism, and that the disclosure encompasses all such forms, or mixtures thereof, which possess inflammasome inhibitoiy activity. It is generally known that crystalline materials may be analyzed using conventional techniques such as X-Ray Powder Diffraction analysis. Differential Scanning Calorimetry', Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, solution and/or solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The water content of such crystalline materials may be determined by Karl Fischer analysis. [0302J Compounds of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein may exist in a number of different tautomeric forms and references to include all such forms. For the avoidance of doubt, where a compound can exist in one of several tautomeric forms, and only one is specifically described or shown, all others are nevertheless embraced by Formula (I). Examples of tautomeric fo rms include keto-, enol-, and enolate-forms, as in, for example, the following tautomeric pairs: keto/enol (illustrated below), imine/enamine, amide/imino alcohol, amidine/amidme, nitroso/oxime, thioketone/enethiol, and nrtro/aci-nitro.

[0303] The compounds of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein may be administered in the form of a prodrag which is broken down in the human or animal body to release a compound of the disclosure. A prodrug may be used to alter the physical properties and/or the pharmacokinetic properties of a compound of the disclosure. A prodrug can be formed when the compound of the disclosure contains a suitable group or substituent to which a property -modifying group can be attached. Examples of prodrugs inchide derivatives containing in vivo cleavable alkyl or acyl substituents at the ester or amide group in any one of the Formulae disclosed herein.

[0304] Accordingly, the present disclosure includes those compounds of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein as defined hereinbefore when made available by organic synthesis and when made available within the human or animal body by way of cleavage of a prodrug thereof. Accordingly, the present disclosure includes those compounds of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein that are produced by organic synthetic means and also such compounds that are produced in the human or animal body by way of metabolism of a precursor compound, that is a compound of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein may be a synthetically -produced compound or a metabolically -produced compound.

[0385] A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of a compound of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein is one that is based on reasonable medical judgment as being suitable for administration to the human or animal body without undesirable pharmacological activities and without undue toxicity . Various forms of prodrug have been described, for example in the following documents: a) Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 42, p. 309-396, edited by K. Widder, el al. (Academic Press, 1985); b) Design of Pro-drugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, (Elsevier, 1985); c) A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, edited by Krogsgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Chapter 5 “Design and Application of Pro-drags," by H. Bundgaard p. 113-191 (1991); d) H. Bundgaard, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 8, 1-38 (1992); e) H. Bundgaard, et al.. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 77, 285 (1988); f) N. Kakeya, et al., Cbem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 692 (1984); g) T. Higuchi and V. Stella, “Pro-Drugs as Novel Deliveiy Systems,” A.C.S. Symposium Series, Volume 14; and h) E. Roche (editor), “Bioreversible Carriers in Drag Design,” Pergamon Press, 1987.

[0366] A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable prodrag of a compound of any one of tbe Formulae disclosed herein that possesses a hydroxy group is, for example, an in vivo cleavable ester or ether thereof. An in vivo cleavable ester or ether of a compound of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein containing a hydroxy group is, for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable ester or ether which is cleaved in the human or animal body to produce tlie parent hydroxy compound. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable ester forming groups for a hydroxy group include inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphoramidic cyclic esters). Further suitable pharmaceutically acceptable ester forming groups for a hydroxy group include Ci-Cio alkanoyl groups such as acetyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl groups, Ci-Cio alkoxycarbonyl groups such as ethoxycarbonyl, N,N-(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl)2carbamoyl, 2 -dialkylaminoacetyl and 2- carboxyacetyl groups. Examples of ring substituents on the phenylacetyl and benzoyl groups include aminomethyl, N-alkylaminomethyl, N,N-dialkylaminomethyl, mo rpholino methyl, piperazin-1 - ylmethyl and 4-(Ci-C* alkyl)piperazin-l -ylmethyl. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable ether forming groups for a hydroxy' group include a-acyloxyalkyl groups such as acetoxvmethyl and pivaloyloxymethyl groups.

[0387[ A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of a compound of any one of die Formulae disclosed herein that possesses a carboxy group is, for example, an in vivo cleavable amide thereof, for example an amide formed with an amine such as ammonia, a C1-4 alkylamine such as methylamine, a (C1-C4 alkylh-amine such as dimethylamine, N-ethyl-N-methylamine or diethylamine, a C1-C4 alkoxv-CA-CA alkylamine such as 2-methoxyethylamine, a phenyl-C1-C4 alkylamine such as benzylamine and ammo acids such as glycine or an ester thereof.

[6368] A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of a compound of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein tlrat possesses an amino group is, for example, an in vivo cleavable amide derivative thereof. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable amides from an amino group include, for example an amide formed with Ci-Cio alkanoyl groups such as an acetyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl groups. Examples of ring substituents on the phenylacetyl and benzoyl groups include aminomethyl, N-alkylaminomethyl, N,N-dialkylaminomethyl, morpholinomethyl, piperazin-l-ylmethyl and 4-(C;-C4 alkyl)piperazin-l -ylmethyl,

[8309] The in vivo effects of a compound of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein may be exerted in part by one or more metabolites tlrat are formed within the human or animal body after administration of a compound of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein. As stated hereinbefore, tlie in vivo effects of a compound of any one of the Formulae disclosed herein may also be exerted by way of metabolism of a precursor compound (a prodrug).

[6310] A suitable general route for the preparation of a compound of the application is using Protocol A and can be described in Scheme 1 herein.

Scheme 1

[0313] Exampies presented herein, unless otherwise stated, are synthesized according to the general procedure presented in Scheme 1.

[03121 Step one involves an SxAr reaction between an amine (i) and an aryl dicliloride (ii), to provide the target chloroaiyl intermediate (iii). Step two involves cross-coupling between intermediate (iii) and the desired boronic acids or boronates (iv), optionally followed by deprotection of an alkyl ether (e.g., a methyl ether) on the phenyl ring, to generate the desired compound (v). Amine (i), and dichloride (ii), and boronic acid or boronate (iv) are either commercially available or known in the chemical literature, unless otherwise indicated.

[0313] Another suitable general route for the preparation of a compound of the instant disclosure is using Protocol B in Scheme 2 herein.

Scheme 2

[0314] Step One involves opening commercially available 3,4-pyridmedicarboxylic acid anhydride (vii) with a Grignard reagent to obtain carboxylic acid (viii). Step two features chlorination, then condensation with hydrazine to furnish pyridazinol (ix). Step three then involves another chlorination to furnish key intermediate (x), which in turn may be engaged in step four as a an SNAr reaction with an amine (i) to form azaphthalazines (xi). Step five then features a methyl ether deprotection then provides analogs (xii).

Biological Assays

[ (1315] Compounds designed, selected and/or optimized by methods described above and herein, once produced, can be characterized using a variety of assays known to those skilled in the art to determine whether the compounds have biological activity. For example, the molecules can be characterized by conventional assays, including but not limited to those assays described below, to determine whether they have a predicted activity, binding activity and/or binding specificity.

[0316] Furthermore, high-throughput screening can be used to speed up analysis using such assays. As a result, it can be possible to rapidly screen the molecules described herein for activity, using techniques known in the art. General methodologies for performing high-throughput screening are described, for example, in Devlin (1998) High Throughput Screening, Marcel Dekker; and U.S. Patent No. 5,763,263. High-throughput assays can use one or more different assay techniques including, but not limited to, those described below.

[0317] Various in vitro or in vivo biological assays are may be suitable for detecting the effect of the compounds of the present disclosure. These in vitro or in vivo biological assays can include, but are not limited to, enzymatic activity assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, reporter gene assays, in vitro cell viability assays, binding assays, cellular assays (cell lines, primary' cells and whole blood), in vitro cell viability assays, as well as assays for determining NLRP3 potency , unbound clearance, solubility, permeability, metabolic stability (e.g., in hepatocytes), and CYP inhibition and timedependent inhibition (TD1) assays (e.g., for de-risking potential adverse in vivo drug-drug interactions).

[0318| In some embodiments, the biological assay is described in the Examples, Assay Methods section. In some embodiments, the Assay Methods section refers to Example 12.

[0319] For example, in some embodiments, the compounds of the instant disclosure may be tested for their human-NLRP3 inhibition activity using known procedures, such as the methodology reported in Coll et al. Nat Med. (2015) 21(3):248-255. See also the Examples, Assay Methods section. In some embodiments, the compounds of the instant disclosure may be tested for their human NLRP3 potency using known procedures. See, e.g., the human whole blood NLRP3 assay described in the Assay Method section of the Examples. In some embodiments, the compounds of the instant disclosure may further be tested for brain penetrance. See, e.g., the kp and kpu,u NLRP3 assay described in the Assay Method section of tire Examples.

[0320] In other embodiments, the compounds of the instant disclosure may be tested for unbound clearance (Clu) following known procedures, such as described in Miller et al., J. Med. Chem. (2020) 63: 12156-12170. For example, unbound clearance (Clu) may be calculated by dividing total clearance (‘CL’ in mL/min/kg) as measured in blood or plasma by the unbound fraction in plasma (fu).

[0321] In yet other embodiments, the permeability of compounds of the instant disclosure may be determined following known procedures, such as described in Wang et al. J Mass Spectrom. (2000) 35:71-76. For example, permeability across cell membranes may be measured using either Caco-2 or MDCK-MDR1 cell lines in Transwell plates, after measuring the compound in both apical and basolateral chambers, and reported as an apparent permeability Papp A-B in 10" ^b env's.

[0322] In additional embodiments, the solubility of compounds of the instant disclosure may be determined following known procedures, such as described in Alsenz and Kansy, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2007) 59:546-567, and Wang et al. J Mass Spectrom. (2000) 35:71-76. For example, the kinetic solubility in physiologically relevant media, such as phosphate buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.4) or simulated gastric fluid (SGF), may be measured using serial dilution and two hour incubation period, followed by filtration, and reported in pM by LC-MSZMS. Thermodynamic solubility in physiologically relevant media may be measured by LC-MS/MS, after a twenty-four hour incubation, followed by filtration, and reported in mg/mL. Optimized solubility may be beneficial for manufacturing and further processing of the compound. Furthermore, optimized solubility allows for a more efficient in vitro analysis of the compound, including data collection around the compound’s safety, drug-drug interactions, potency, selectivity, metabolism, and permeability.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

[03231 In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present disclosure as an active ingredient. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of each of the formulae described in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodmg thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of each of the formulae described In Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising al least one compound of each of the formulae described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable earners or excipients. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more carrier, filler, vehicle, excipient, solubility enhancing agent, chelating agent, or a combination thereof In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound described in Table 1. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound described in Table 2. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound described herein,

[03241 In some embodiments of the disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound described in Table 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0325] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound described in Table 2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0326] In some embodiments of the instant disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of Formula I as described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0327] In one embodiment of the instant disclosure the pharmaceutical composition comprises (R)-5- chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yi)phenoi as described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0328] In another embodiment of the disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises 5- (difluorometbyl)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy ^r -d3)-2-methyIpropyl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl) phenol as described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0329] In another embodiment of the disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises (R)-5- chloro-2.-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol as described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0330] In another embodiment of the disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises (S)-5- chloro-2-(4-( (2,2-dimethyItetrahydro-2H-py ran-4-y l)amino )py ndo [3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0331 j In one embodiment of the instant disclosure the pharmaceutical composition comprises (R)-2- (4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyr idazm-l-yl)-5-methylphenol as described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0332] In one embodiment of the instant disclosure the pharmaceutical composition comprises (S)-2- (4-(((4-methylmorphoIin-2-yl)methyl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyrid azin-l-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyI)phenoI as described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

[0333] The compounds of present disclosure can be formulated for oral administration in forms such as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, syrups and emulsions. The compounds of present disclosure on can also be formulated for intravenous (bolus or in-fusion), intraperitoneal, topical, subcutaneous, intramuscular or transdermal (e.g., patch) administration, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts.

[0334] The formulation of the present disclosure may be in the form of an aqueous solution comprising an aqueous vehicle. The aqueous vehicle component may comprise water and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Suitable acceptable excipients include those selected from the group consisting of a solubility enhancing agent, chelating agent, preservative, tonicity agent, viscosity /suspending agent, buffer, and pH modifying agent, and a mixture thereof. [0335J Any suitable solubility enhancing agent can be used. Examples of a solubility enhancing agent include cyclodextrin, such as those selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl-P- cyclodextrin, methyl-p-cyclodextrin, randomly methylated-P-cyclodextrin, ethyiated-p-cyclodextrin, triacetyl-p-cyclodextrin, peracetylated-p-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl-p-cyclodextrin, hydroxy ethyl- P-cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonto)propyl-P-cyclodextrin, ghicosyl-P-cyclodextrin, sulfated p-cyclodextrin (S-P-CD), maltosyl-p-cyclodextrin, p-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether, branched- P-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-y-cyclodextrin, randomly methylated-y-cyclodextrin, and trimelhyl-y- cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.

[03361 Any suitable chelating agent can be used. Examples of a suitable chelating agent include those selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and metal salts thereof, disodium edetate, trisodium edetate, and teirasodiuin edetate, and mixtures thereof.

[0337| Any suitable preservative can be used. Examples of a preservative include those selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts such as benzalkonium halides (preferably benzalkonium chloride), chlorbexidine gluconate, benzethonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzyl bromide, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury neodecanoate, merthiolate, methy lparaben, propylparaben, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, ethyl p-hy droxybenzoate, propylaminopropyl biguanide, and butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, and sorbic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0338] The aqueous vehicle may also include a tonicity agent to adjust the tonicity (osmotic- pressure). The tonicity agent can be selected from the group consisting of a glycol (such as propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol), glycerol, dextrose, glycerin, mannitol, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride, and a mixture thereof.

[0339] The aqueous vehicle may also contain a viscosity /suspending agent. Suitable viscosity /suspending agents include those selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyethylene glycols (such as polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400), carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and cross-linked acrylic acid polymers (carbomers), such as polymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with polyalkenyl ethers or divinvl glycol (Carbopols - such as Carbopol 934, Carbopol 934P, Carbopol 971, Carbopol 974 and Carbopol 974P), and a mixture thereof.

[0340] In order to adjust the formulation to an acceptable pH (typically a pH range of about 5,0 to about 9.0, more preferably about 5.5 to about 8,5, particularly about 6.0 to about 8.5, about 7.0 to about 8.5, about 7.2 to about 7.7, about 7.1 to about 7.9, or about 7.5 to about 8.0), the formulation may contain a pH modifying agent. The pH modifying agent is typically a mineral acid or metal hydroxide base, selected from the group of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid, and mixtures thereof, and preferably sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid. These acidic and/or basic pH modifying agents are added to adjust the formulation to the target acceptable pH range. Hence it may not be necessary to use both acid and base - depending on the formulation, the addition of one of the acid or base may be sufficient to bring the mixture to the desired pH range. [034 Ij The aqueous vehicle may also contain a buffering agent to stabilize the pH. When used, the buffer is selected from the group consisting of a phosphate buffer (such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate), a borate buffer (such as boric acid, or salts thereof including disodium tetraborate), a citrate buffer (such as citric acid, or salts thereof including sodium citrate), and e-aminocaproic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0342] The formulation may further comprise a wetting agent. Suitable classes of wetting agents include those selected from the group consisting of polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymers (poloxamers), poly ethoxylated ethers of castor oils, polyoxyethylenated sorbitan esters (polysorbates), polymers of oxyethylated octyl phenol (Tyloxapol), polyoxyl 40 stearate, fatty acid glycol esters, fatty acid glyceryl esters, sucrose fatty esters, and polyoxyethylene fatty esters, and mixtures thereof.

[0343 ] Oral compositions generally' include an inert diluent or an edible pharmaceutically acceptable earner. They can be enclosed in gelatin capsules or compressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound can be incorporated with excipients and used in the fo rm of tablets, troches, or capsules. Oral compositions can also be prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash, wherein the compound in the fluid carrier is applied orally and swished and expectorated or swallowed. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition. The tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin: an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide: a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.

[1)344] According to a further aspect of the disclosure there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the disclosure as defined hereinbefore, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or cawier.

[0345] The compositions of the disclosure may be in a fo rm suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, liard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, sy rups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrapentoneal or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing).

[0346] The compositions of the disclosure may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipients, well known in the art. Thus, compositions intended for oral use may contain, for example, one or more coloring, sweetening, flavoring and/or preservative agents. [0347] An effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure for use in therapy is an amount sufficient to treat or prevent an inflammasome related condition referred to herein, slow its progression and/or reduce the symptoms associated with the condition.

[ 03481 An effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure for use in therapy is an amount sufficient to heat an inflammasome related condition referred to herein, slow its progression and/or reduce the symptoms associated with the condition.

[03491 The size of the dose for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes of a compound disclosed herein will naturally vary according to the nature and severity of the conditions, the age and sex of the animal or patient and the route of administration, according to well-known principles of medicine.

Methods of Use

[0350J In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of modulating NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo), comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[03511 In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of modulating NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo), comprising contacting a cell with a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

[0352] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo }, comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0353] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting NLRP3 activity (e.g,, in vitro or in vivo), comprising contacting a cell with a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0354] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder inhibited by NLRP3 as disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable sal t thereof or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[0355] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[0356] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder inhibited by NLRP3 as disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodnig thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[0357] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to tire subject a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a disease or disorder in which NL.RP3 activity is implicated.

[ 63581 In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory’ disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3 -related disease in a subject that lias been determined to cany a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3.

[0359] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3 -related disease in a subject that has been determined to cam' a gennline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[0360] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating inflammation, an autoimmune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory' disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3-related disease in a subject that has been determined to cany a gennline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[6361] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3-related disease in a subject that Sias been determined to cany a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. [0362] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating inflammation, an autoimmune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3 -related disease in a subject that has been determined to cany a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.

[0363] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof for use in modulating NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo). [0364] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in inhibiting NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo). [0365] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in inhibiting NLRP3 (e.g., in vitro or in vivo).

[8366] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as an antagonist for NLRP3 (e.g., in vitro or in vivo). [0367] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in trea ting or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein.

[0368] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein. [0369] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo).

[0370] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating NLRP3 (e.g., in vitro or in vivo).

[0371 ] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo).

[0372] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting NLRP3 (c.g., in vitro or in vivo).

[03731 In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present di sclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treati ng or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein,

[ 0374] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein.

[0375J In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for modulating NLRP3 activity (e.g., in vitro or in vivo). [0376J In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable sal t thereof for inhibiting NLRP3 ac tivi ty (e.g., in vitro or in vivo ). [03771 In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for modulating NLRP3 (e.g., in vitro or in vivo ).

[03781 In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for inhibiting NLRP3 (e.g., in vitro or in vivo ).

[fi379[ In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treating or preventing a disease or disorder disclosed herein.

[0380 j In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treating a disease or disorder disclosed herein.

[038 If Effectiveness of compounds of the disclosure can be determined by industry -accepted assays/ disease models according to standard practices of elucidating the same as described in the art and are found in the current general knowledge.

[0382J In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is associated with implicated NLRP3 activity. [0383J In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3 -related disease in a subject that has been determined to cany a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3,

[03841 In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is inflammation.

[ 03851 I ¹¹ some embodiments, the disease or disorder is an auto-immune disease.

[ 03861 I ¹¹ some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a cancer.

[0387| In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is an infection.

[0388J In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a disease or disorder of the central nervous system. [6389] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a metabolic disease.

[6396] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a cardiovascular disease.

[6391] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a respiratoiy disease,

[6392] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a kidney disease.

[0393] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a liver disease.

[6394] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is an ocular disease.

[0395] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a skin disease.

[0396] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a lymphatic disease.

[0397] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a rheumatic disease.

[0398] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a psychological disease.

[0399] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is graft versus host disease.

[0400] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is allodvnia.

[0401] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is an NLRP3-related disease.

[0402] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder of the central nervous system is Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or multiple sclerosis.

[0403] In some embodiments, the respiratory disease is steroid-resistant asthma.

[0404] In some embodiments, the respiratory disease is severe steroid-resistant asthma.

[0405] In some embodiments, the kidney disease is an acute kidney disease, a chronic kidney disease, or a rare kidney disease.

[8496] In some embodiments, the skin disease is psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa (US), or atopic dermatitis.

[0497] In some embodiments, the rheumatic disease is dermatomyositis. Still’s disease, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

[6488] In some embodiments, the NLRP3-related disease in a subject that bas been determined to cany a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3 is ciyopyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndrome.

[9489] In some embodiments, the ciyopyrin-associated autoinflammatory' syndrome is familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, or neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory' disease.

[6410] In some embodiments, the compound is brain penetrant, e.g., having a Kpu,u of > 0.3.

[6411] Compounds with a Kpu.u of less than or equal to 0,3 are not brain penetrant. In some embodiments, the compound is not brain penetrant.

[6412] In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 10.

[6413] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 9. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 8. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 7. In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu.u of greater than 0,3 to about 6. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 5, In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 4. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 3. In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu.u of greater than 0.3 to about 2. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3 to about 1.

[ 0414] In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu,u of about 0.3. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 0.4. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 0.5. [0415] In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu,u of about 1. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 1.5.

[0416] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 2. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 2.5.

[0417] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 3. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu.u of about 3.5.

[0418] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 4. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu.u of about 4.5.

[0419] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 5. In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 5.5.

[0420] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 6. In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu,u of about 6.5.

[0421] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 7. In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu,u of about 7.5.

[0422] In some embodiments, the compound has a Kpu,u of about 8. In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu.u of about 8.5.

[0423] In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu,u of about 9. In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu.u of about 9.5.

[0424] In some embodiments, the compound lias a Kpu.u of about 10.

[0425] In certain embodiments, the compound is metabolically stable, e.g., having a half-life in mouse or human liver microsomes or hepatocytes of greater than 20 minutes, greater than 30 minutes, greater than 40 minutes, greater than 50 minutes, greater tlian 60 minutes, or between about 30 minutes to about 120 minutes.

Routes of Administration

[0426] Compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, iso topically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, may be administered alone as a sole therapy or can be administered in addition with one or more other substances and/or treatments. Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the individual components of the treatment. [64271 For example, therapeutic effectiveness may be enhanced by administration of an adjuvant (i.e. by itself the adjuvant may only have minimal therapeutic benefit, but in combination with another therapeutic agent, the overall therapeutic benefit to the individual is enhanced). Alternatively, by way of example only, the benefit experienced by an individual may be increased by administering a compound of the instant disclosure with another therapeutic agent (which also includes a therapeutic regimen) that also lias therapeutic benefit.

[ 842S| In the instances where the compound of the present disclosure is administered in combination with other therapeutic agents, the compound of die disclosure need not be administered via the same route as other therapeutic agents, and may, because of different physical and chemical characteristics, be administered by a different route. For example, the compound of the disclosure may be administered orally to generate and maintain good blood levels thereof, while the other therapeutic agent may be administered intravenously. The initial administration may be made according to established protocols known in the art, and then, based upon the observed effects, the dosage, modes of administration and times of administration can be modified by the skilled clinician.

The particular choice of other therapeutic agent will depend upon the diagnosis of the attending physicians and their judgment of the condition of the individual and the appropriate treatment protocol. According to this aspect of the disclosure there is provided a combination for use in the treatment of a disease in which inflammasome activity is implicated comprising a compound of the disclosure as defined hereinbefore, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and another suitable agent.

[ 8430| According to a further aspect of the disclosure there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a suitable, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[043 Ij In any of the above-mentioned pharmaceutical composition, process, method, use, medicament, and manufacturing features of the instant disclosure, any of the alternate embodiments of compounds of the present disclosure described herein also apply.

[0432 J The compounds of the disclosure or pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds may be administered to a subject by any convenient route of administration, whether systemically/ peripherally or topically (i.e., at the site of desired action).

[04331 Routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral (e.g. by ingestion); buccal; sublingual; transdermal (including, e.g., by a patch, plaster, etc,); transmucosal (including, e.g., by a patch, plaster, etc.); intranasal (e.g., by nasal spray); ocular (e.g,, by eye drops); pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or insufflation therapy using, e.g., via an aerosol, e.g., through the mouth or nose); rectal (e.g., by suppository or enema); vaginal (e.g., by pessary ); parenteral, for example, by injection, including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial, intracardiac, intrathecal, intraspinal, intracapsuiar, subcapsular, infraorbital, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, subcuticular, intraarticular, subarachnoid, and intra sternal; by implant of a depot or reservoir, for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

Exemplary Embodiments

[6434| Exemplary Embodiment 1 . A compound of Formula (I): or a pbarmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

A is a 5” to 8-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises at least one O ring atom;

R ¹ is halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy;

R ² is halogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl: or R ¹ and R ² , together with the atoms to which they are atached, form a 3- to 4-membered carbocyclic ring:

R ³ is -OH, halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyd, or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy;

X is H, -OH, halogen, -NH2, -NHtCt-CT alkyl), -N(C]-C& alkyd)?, or Ci-Cg alkyl; and

R ⁴ is H, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, or -C(O)(C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl); and p is 0 or 1, wherein each instance of alkyl, alk-, or carbocyclic is independently substituted with 0, 1 , 2, or

3 halogen atoms, and

[8435| Exemplary Embodiment 2. The compound of Exemplary' Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof, wherein A is a 5-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising one O ring atom.

[0436] Exemplary Embodiment 3. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 1 or Exemplary’ Embodiment 2, or a pharmaceutically’ acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof, wherein A is a 6-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising one O ring atom.

[0437] Exemplary Embodiment 4. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1 -3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein p is 1. [0438] Exemplary Embodiment 5. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1 -4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein p is 1; R‘ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl or Ct-C« alkoxy; and R ² is Cj- C ₆ alkyl.

[0439] Exemplary Embodiment 6. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1 -5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein R ³ is not halogen.

[0440] Exemplary Embodiment 7. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein R ³ is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy.

[0441] Exemplary Embodiment 8. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein R ³ is Ci, methyl, -CFs, -CHF2, or -OCHF2.

[0442] Exemplary Embodiment 9. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein R ⁴ is H.

[0443] Exemplary Embodiment 10. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein X is H or F.

[t)444| Exemplary Embodiment 11. The compound of any one of the preceding Exemplary Embodiments, wherein the compound is of Formula (I-a) or (I-b): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0445] Exemplary Embodiment 12. The compound of any one of the preceding Exemplary Embodiments, wherein the compound is of Formula (Il-a), (Il-b), (II-c), (Il-d), (Il-e), or (Il-f):

pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0446] Exemplary Embodiment 13. The compound of any one of the preceding Exemplary Embodiments, wherein the compound is of Formula (Ill-a), (lll-b), or (III-c): clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein m is an integer from 0 to 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 2.

[04471 Exemplary Embodiment 14. The compound of any one of the preceding Exemplary Embodiments, wherein the compound is of Formula (Ill-d), (Ill-e), or (Ill-f): pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, wherein m is an integer from 0 to 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 2.

[8448] Exemplary Embodiment 15. The compound of any one of the preceding Exemplary Embodiments, wherein die compound is of Formula (IV-a), (IV-b), or (IV-e): clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[8449] Exemplary Embodiment 16. The compound of any one of the preceding Exemplary Embodiments, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV-al), (TV -bl), or (IV-cl): clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[8458] Exemplary Embodiment 17. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-13, wherein the compound is of Formula (V-a), (V-b), (V-c), (V-a’), (V-b’), or (V-c’):

pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodnig thereof.

[0451J Exemplary Embodiment 18. The compound of any one of Exemplaiy Embodiments 1-13, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[ft452] Exemplary Embodiment 19. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 1 of the formula:

5-chloro-2-(4-((4.4-dimethyltetrahydrofm'an-3-yl)amino)py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin~l- yl)phenol;

5-chloi'O"2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyraii”4-yl) amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran’4-yl)am ino)pyrido[3 _> 4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenok

2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydiofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazni-l-yl)-5- methylphenol;

5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofiiran-3 -yl)amtno)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin- 1 -y l)phenol;

H

2-(4-((6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran~3-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l~yl)-5- methylphenol; 2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4 -dJpyridazin-l-yl)-5-

(trifluoromethyl)phenol;

6-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetohydrofuran-3-yI)amino)pyrido[3,4-d ]pyridazin-l-yl)-2- fluoro-3 -methylphenol;

2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol;

2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2ri-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido [3A-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-

2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2.H-py ran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4"d]pyridazin-l-yi)-5"

(trifluoromethyl)phenol;

5-(difluororaethyl)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyra n-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin-1 -yl)phenol ;

5-(difl«oromethyl)-2-(4-((33-dimethyltetraliydro-2H-pyta n-4-yl)ammo)pyrido[3,4” d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-((3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol; 2”(4"((4”Oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-6"yI)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyr idazin-l-yl)-5-

(trifluoromethy i)phenoi;

5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((6,6-dimetbyltetrahydro-2H-pyran -3-yl)amiuo)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol;

2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydroforan-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)-3- fluoro-5-methylphenol;

2-(4-((2,2-dimethy Itetrahy drofuran-3 -yl)amino)py rido [3 ,4-d]py ridazin- 1 -y l)-5 - (trifluoromethy I)phenol; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or isotopically labeled compound thereof.

[0453] Exemplary Embodiment 20. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 1 of the formula:

(R)-5-cMoro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-y])amino )pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenol; (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)p yrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-

1 -yl)phenol; (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((3,3-diroethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ai nino)pyrido[3,4- djpyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol;

(S)-5-ciiloro- )amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin- 1 -vl)phenol:

(S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) amino)pyrido[3,4-

(R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-diroethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl )ainino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-i -yl)phenol;

H

(R)”2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrid o[3,4"d]pyridazin-l-yl) methylphenol;

(S)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrabydrofiiran-3-yl)amino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazm-l-yl)-5-

(R)-5-(difluoK)methoxy)-2-(4-((5,5-diinethyltetrahydfofur an-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- djpyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol;

(S)"5-(difluoromethoxy)-2"(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofiir an-'3-yl)aniino)pyrido [3 ,4- d]pyridazin-1-yl)phenol; (S)-2-(4-((6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin-l- y 1) -5 -me thy 1 p he no 1;

(R)-2-(4-((6,6-dimetbyltetrabydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)pyr ido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- y 1) -5 -methv Ipbenol ;

(S)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ainino)py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- y 1) -5 -(trifluoro methyl)phenol ; (R)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ainino)pyrid o[3,4-d]pyridazin-] y 1) -5 -(trifluoromethyl)pbenol ;

(R)-6-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ainino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yI)-2- fluoro-3 -methylphenol ;

(S)-6-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetraIiydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-2- fluoro-3 -methylphenol;

(R)-2-(4-((3,3-dimetbyltetrabydro-2H-pyran4-yl)amino)pyri do[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- y 1) -5 -methv Ipbenol ; (S)-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amiiio)pyrid o[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- y 1) -5 -me thy 1 p he no 1;

(R)-2-(4-((2,2-dimetbyltetrabydro-2H-pyran4-yl)amino)pyri do[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- y 1) -5 -methv Ipbenol ;

(S)-2"(4-((2,2”dimetiiyltetraIiydrO"2H”pyran-4"yI)ami no)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-

(S)-2-(4-((3,3-d!methyltetrahydro-2H-pyraB-4-yl)amino)pyr ido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- y 1) -5 -(trifluo romethyliphenol; yrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-

(R)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-p yraii-4- y l)amino)pyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -y Ijphenol;

(S)-5-(difluorometbyl)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-p yran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)pbenol; (S)-5”(difluoromethyl)-2”(4”((3,3-dimethyltetahydro-2I -I-pyran-4” y l)amino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol;

(R)-5-(difIuorornethyl)-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H- pyrani-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol;

5-chIoro-2-(4-(((3S,4R)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l -yl)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-(((3R,4R)-3-methyltetaihydro-2H-pyraa-4-yi) aniino)pyrido[3,4- djpyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol;

5-cMorO"2-(4-(((3R,4S)"3-methylEetrahydro-2H-py raB-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d] py ri dazin- 1 -y l)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4S)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) ainmo)pyrido[3,4-

(S)-2-(4-((4-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d] pyridazm-l-yl)-5-

(trifluoroineUiyl)phenol;

(R)-2-(4-((4-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d] pyridazm-l-yl)-5-

(trifluoromeiliyi)phenoi;

(R)-5-(difIuorornethyl)-2-(4-((6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H- pyrani-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol;

(S)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((6,6-dimetbyltetrabydro-2H-p yran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3 4-d]pyridazin- 3 -yl)phenol;

2-(4-(( <R)-5,5 -dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3 -y I)amino)pyrido[3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -y 1 )-3 - fluoro -5 -methy Iphenol ;

2-(4-(((S)-5,5-dimetltyltetrahydfofiiran-3-yl)aroiiio)pyr ido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)-3- fluoro-5-metbylphenol;

(S)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydroforan-3-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-

(R)-2-(4-((2,2-dimetliyltetraliydrofuran-3-yI)aniino)pyri do[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-

(trifluoromethyi)phenoi;

5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetraiiydrofuran-3- yi)anmio)pyrido[3,4- d] py ridazin- 1 -yi)pheaoi yl)amiiio)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -yliphenol

(S)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran -3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)pbenol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or isotopically labeled compound thereof.

[8454] Exemplary Embodiment 21. A compound of the formula:

5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3)-2-metliylpropyl) amino)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -y l)phenol;

2-( 4-( ( (4-methy Imorpholin-2-y l)methyl)amino)pyrido [3 ,4-d]py ridazin- 1 -y l)-5- (tiifluoromethyl)phenol: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or isotopically labeled compound thereof.

[84551 Exemplary Embodiment 22. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 1 of the formula:

2-(4-(((R)-5,5-dimethyltetahydrofuran-3 -y l)amino)pyrido [3 ,4- d] py ridazin- 1 -yi)-3 , 5 -dimethylphenol;

2-(4-(((S)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4- d ] py ridaz i n- 1 -y I) -3 , 5 -dimethylpheno 1; A*

5-chloro-2-(4-(((2R,4R)-2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -yl'jphenol; B*

5-clilorO"2-(4-(((2S,4S)-2-methyltetohydro-2H-pyran-4- y l)amino)pyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridaziii- 1 -y l)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-(((2S,4R)-2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- y l)amino)pyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-(((2R,4S)-2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- y l)amino)pyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol;

3 -chioro-2 -(4-(((R)-5 ,5-dimethy Itetrahy drofuran-3 -yl)amino)pyrido[3 ,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-methyIphenol;

3 -ch!oro-2-(4-(((S)-5,5-dimethy 1 tetrahy drofuran-3 -yl)amino)py rido [3 ,4- djpy ridazin- 1 -y l)-5 -methylphenol ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or isotopically labeled compound thereof.

[0456] Exemplary Embodiment 23. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 1, wherein the compound is not clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0457] Exemplary Embodiment 24. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 1, wherein the compound is not:

5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l-yl)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydfo-2H-pyran-4-yi)amin o)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -y l)phenol;

5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amin o)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- i -yl)phenol; or

2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltelrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]py'ridazm-l-yl)-5- methylphenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or isotopically labeled compound thereof.

[0458] Exemplary Embodiment 25. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-21, 23 and 24, wherein the compound has a Kpu,u greater than 0.3.

[8459] Exemplary Embodiment 26. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-21, 23, or 24, wherein the compound has a Kpu,u greater titan 0.3 to about 10.

|0460] Exemplary Embodiment 27. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-2.6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or pnodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

[0461] Exemplary Embodiment 28. A method of modulating NLRP3, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of Exemplary Embodiment

[8462 ] Exemplary Embodiment 29. A method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1 -26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of Exemplary Embodiment 27.

[8463] Exemplary Embodiment 30. The compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of Exemplary Embodiment 27, for use in treating or preventing a disease or disorder.

[ 8464] Exemplary Embodiment 31. Use of the compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament, for the treatment or prevention of a disease or disorder.

[8465] Exemplary Embodiment 32. Use of the compound of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, for the treatment or prevention of a disease or disorder.

[6466] Exemplary Embodiment 33. The method, compound, or use of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 29-32, wherein the disease or disorder is an NLRP3 -related disease or disorder.

[8467] Exemplary Embodiment 34. The method, compound, or use of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 2.8-33, wherein the subject is a human.

[8468] Exemplary Embodiment 35. The method, compound, or use of any one of Exemplary' Embodiments 2.8-34, wherein the disease or disorder is inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3-related disease.

[0469] Exemplary Embodiment 36. The method, compound, or use of Exemplary Embodiment 35, wherein the disease or disorder of the central nervous system is Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injujy, spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or multiple sclerosis.

[0470] Exemplary Embodiment 37. The method, compound, or use of Exemplary Embodiment 35, wherein the kidney disease is an acute kidney disease, a chronic kidney disease, or a rare kidney disease.

[0471] Exemplary Embodiment 38. The method, compound, or use of Exemplary Embodiment 35, wherein the skin disease is psoriasis, hidrademtis suppurativa (HS), or atopic dermatitis.

[0472] Exemplary Embodiment 39. The method, compound, or use of Exemplary Embodiment 35, wherein the rheumatic disease is dermatomyositis, Still’s disease, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

[0473] Exemplary Embodiment 40. The method, compound, or use of Exemplary Embodiment 35, wherein the NLRP3 -related disease is in a subject that lias been determined to carry a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3.

[0474] Exemplary Embodiment 41. The method, compound, or use of Exemplary Embodiment 40, wherein the NL RP3 -related disease is in a subject that has been determined to carry a germline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3 is cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatoiy syndrome.

[0475] Exemplary Embodiment 42. The method, compound, or use of Exemplary Embodiment 35, wherein the cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatoiy syndrome is familial cold autoinflammatoiy syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, or neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease.

[l)476| Exemplary Embodiment 43. A compound selected from:

(R)-5-cMoro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino )pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol;

5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3)-2-methyipropyl)a mino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol;

(R)-5-ch]oro-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-y]) amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol;

(S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-i- yliphenol;

(R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyhetrabydrofuran-3-yl)anhno)pyrido[3 ,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol; and

(S)-2-(4-(((4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl)amino)pyrido[3, 4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenol: and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, or prodrug of any of the foregoing.

[0477] Exemplary Embodiment 44. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 43, wherein the compound is (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)p yrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

|0478] Exemplary Embodiment 45. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 43, wherein the compound is 5-(difluoromethyl)“2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3)"2-methylpropyl)am ino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0479J Exemplary Embodiment 46. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 43, wherein the compound is (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyItetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[0480] Exemplary Embodiment 47. The compound of Exemplary' Embodiment 43, wherein the compound is (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)aml no)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-i-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[d4811 Exemplary Embodiment 48. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 43, wherein the compound is (R)-2.-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3, 4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[1)482] Exemplary Embodiment 49. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment 43, wherein the compound is (S)-2-(4-(((4-metliylmoipholin-2-yi)metliyl)aniino)pyrido[3, 4-d]pyridazin-l-yi)-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0483] Exemplary Embodiment 50. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary Embodiment 43, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

[0484] Exemplary Embodiment 51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary Embodiment 44, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0485] Exemplary Embodiment 52. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary' Embodiment 45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, orprodmg thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

[0486] Exemplary Embodiment 53. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary’ Embodiment 46, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0487] Exemplary Embodiment 54. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary Embodiment 47, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

[0488] Exemplary Embodiment 55. A pharmace utical composition comprising a compound of Exemplar}' Embodiment 48, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, orprodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0489] Exemplary Embodiment 56. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary Embodiment 49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, orprodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

[0490] Exemplary Embodiment 57. A method of treating or preventing an NLRP3 -related disease or disorder, comprising administering to the subject at least one therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Exemplary Embodiment 43, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0491] Exemplary Embodiment 58. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 57, wherein the NLRP3 -related disease or drsorder is inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3 -related disease in a subject that lias been determined to cany' a gennline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3.

[04921 Exemplary Embodiment 59. The method of Exemplary’ Embodiment 58, wherein the compound is (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)p yrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0493] Exemplary Embodiment 60. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 58, wherein the compound is 5-(difluorometbyl)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3)-2-methylpropyl)amin o)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0494] Exemplary Embodiment 61. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 58, wherein the compound is (R)-5 -chloro-2-(4-((3 ,3 -dimethy Itetrahy dro-2H-pyran-4-y l)amino)py rido [3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof. [0495| Exemplary Embodiment 62. The method of Exemplary’ Embodiment 58, wherein the compound is (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[0496] Exemplary Embodiment 63. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 58, wherein the compound is (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0497] Exemplary Embodiment 64. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 58, wherein the compound is (S)-2-(4-(((4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methyI)amino)pyrido[3,4-d ]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- (trifhioromethvl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[0498] Exemplary Embodiment 65. A method of treating or preventing an NLRP3-related disease or disorder selected from Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, refractory epilepsy, stroke, ALS, headache/pain, and traumatic brain injury, said method comprising administe ring to the subject at least one therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Exemplaiy Embodiment 43, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0499] Exemplary Embodiment 66. The method of Exemplary' Embodiment 65, wherein the compound is (R)-5 -chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3 -yl)amino)pyrido [3 ,4-d]py ridazin- 1 - yljphenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0500] Exemplary Embodiment 67. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 65, wherein the compound is 5-(difluoromethyI)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3)-2-metliylpropyl)ami iio)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically’ labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[0501] Exemplary Embodiment 68. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 65, wherein the compound is (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[0502] Exemplary Embodiment 69. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 65, wherein the compound is (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami Bo)pyrido[3,4’ d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0503] Exemplary Embodiment 70. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 65, wherein the compound is (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4 ~d]pyridazin~l-yl)~5- methylphenol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrug thereof.

[0504J Exemplary Embodiment 71. The method of Exemplary’ Embodiment 65, wherein the compound is (S)-2-(4-(((4-niethyltnorpholin-2-yl)methyl)amiBo)pyrido[3 _s 4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- (trifluorometbyl jpheuol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled compound, or prodrag thereof.

[0505] Exemplary Embodiment 72. A method of treating or preventing an NLRP3 -related disease or disorder selected from Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, refractory epilepsy, stroke, ALS, headache/pain, and traumatic brain injury', said method comprising administering to the subject at least one therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of Exemplary' Embodiment 50.

[0506] Exemplary Embodiment Al. A compound selected from the group consisting of:

(R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyItetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amin o)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol;

5-(difhioromethyl)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3)-2-methylpropyl)a mino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-i- yljphenol;

(R)-5-cliloro-2-(4-((3,3-dimetiiyltetraliydfo-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol;

(Sj-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethylEetrahydro-2.H-pyran-4-yl januno)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol;

(R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyndazin-l-ylj-5- methylphenol; and

(S)-2-(4-(((4-metliylmorpholin-2-yi)metiiyl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-

(trifl uoro me thy Ijpheno 1.

[b5(17] Exemplary Embodiment A2. The compound of Exemplary' Embodiment Al, wherein the compound is (R)-5 -chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3 -yljaminojpyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 - yljphenol.

Exemplary Embodiment A3. The compound of Exemplary' Embodiment A 1, wherein the compound is 5-(difluoromethylj-2-(4-((2-(methoxy-d3j-2-methyipropyljamin ojpyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -yljphenol .

[0509] Exemplary Embodiment A4. The compound of Exemplary' Embodiment A 1 , wherein the compound is (R)-5-chloro-2.-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yljam inojpyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -yljphenol.

[0510] Exemplary Embodiment AS. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment Al, wherein the compound is (Sj-5-ciiloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimetiiyltetraiiydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) amino)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -y Ijphenol.

[05111 Exemplary Embodiment A6. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment Al, wherein the compound is (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yijamino)pyrido[3,4 ~d]pyridazin~l-y'l)~5- metbylphenol.

[05121 Exemplary Embodiment A7. The compound of Exemplary Embodiment A 1 , wherein the compound is (S)-2-(4-(((4-metiiylmorpho]in-2.-yl)methyl)amino)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l -yl)-5- (trifluorometbyi)phenol.

[0513] Exemplary Embodiment A8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplar}' Embodiment Al, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0514] Exemplary Embodiment A9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplar,' Embodiment A2, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0515] Exemplary Embodiment Alt). A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary Embodiment A3, and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

[0516] Exemplary Embodiment All. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplary Embodiment A4, and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

[0517] Exemplary Embodiment A12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplaiy Embodiment A5, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0518] Exemplary Embodiment A13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplaiy Embodiment A6, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0519] Exemplary Embodiment A14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Exemplaiy Embodiment A7, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0520] Exemplary Embodiment A15. A method of treating or preventing an NLRP3 -related disease or disorder, comprising administering to the subject at least one therapeutically effective amount of tiie compound of Exemplary Embodiment Al.

[0521] Exemplary Embodiment A16. The method of Exemplary Embodiment Al, wherein the NLRP3 -related disease or disorder is inflammation, an auto-immune disease, a cancer, an infection, a disease or disorder of the central nervous system, a metabolic disease, a cardiovascular disease, a respiratory disease, a kidney disease, a liver disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a lymphatic disease, a rheumatic disease, a psychological disease, graft versus host disease, allodynia, or an NLRP3 -related disease in a subject that lias been determined to cany a gennline or somatic non-silent mutation in NLRP3.

[0522] Exemplary Embodiment Al 7. The method of Exemplaiy Embodiment A16, wherein the compound is (R)-5-cMoro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol.

[0523] Exemplary Embodiment Al 8. The method of Exemplaiy Embodiment A16, wherein the compound is 5-(difluorometiiyl)-2-(4-((2-(methoxy -d3)-2-methylpropyl)amino)pyrido[3 ,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -y Ijphenol.

[0524] Exemplary Embodiment A19. The method of Exemplary Embodiment Al 6, wherein the compound is (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyItetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol. [1)525] Exemplary Embodiment A20. The method of Exemplaiy Embodiment A16, wherein the compound is (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -yl)phenol.

|0526] Exemplary Embodiment A21. The method of Exemplaiy Embodiment A16, wherein the compound is (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol.

[0527] Exemplary Embodiment A22. The method of Exemplaiy Embodiment A16, wherein the compound is (S)-2-(4-(((4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methyI)amino)pyrido[3,4-d ]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenol.

[6528] Exemplary Embodiment A23. A method of treating or preventing an NLRP3 -related disease or disorder selected from Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, refractory epilepsy, stroke, ALS, headache/pain, and traumatic brain injury, said method comprising administering to the subject at least one therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Exemplaiy Embodiment Al.

[0529] Exemplary Embodiment A24. The method of Exemplary Embodiment A23, wherein the compound is (R)-5 -chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3 -y l)amino)pyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 - yl)phenol.

[0530| Exemplary Embodiment A25. The method of Exemplary Embodiment A23, wherein the compound is 5-(difluorornethyl)-2-(4-((2-(rnethoxy-d3)-2-methylpropyl)am ino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin- 1 -yljphenol.

[053 lj Exemplary Embodiment A26. The method of Exemplary Embodiment A2.3, wherein the compound is (R)-5 -chloro-2-(4-((3,3 -dimetiiyltetraiiydro-2H-py ran-4-y I)amino)pyrido [3,4- d]pyridazin- 1 -yl)phenol.

[0532 j Exemplary Embodiment A27. The method of Exemplary Embodiment A23, wherein the compound is (S)~5-chloro-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4- d]py ridazin- 1 -v 1) phenol .

[0533 ] Exemplary Embodiment A28. The method of Exemplary Embodiment A23, wherein the compound is (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4 -djpyridazin-l-yl)-5- metbylphenol.

[0534] Exemplary Embodiment A29. The method of Exemplaiy Embodiment A23, wherein the compound is (S)-2.-(4-(((4-methyhnorpholin-2-yl)methyl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l -yl)-5- (trifluoro methyl )phe nol ,

[0535] Exemplary Embodiment A30. A method of treating or preventing an NLRP3 -related disease or disorder selected from Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, refractory epilepsy, stroke, ALS, headache/pain, and traumatic brain injury, said method comprising administering to the subject at least one therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of Exemplary' Embodiment A8. EXAMPLES

[0S36] For exemplaiy purpose, neutral (free base) compounds described herein are synthesized and tested in the examples. It is understood that the neutral compounds disclosed herein may be converted to the corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds using routine techniques in the art (e.g. , by saponification of an ester to the carboxylic acid salt, or by hydrolyzing an amide to form a corresponding carboxylic acid and then converting the carboxylic acid to a carboxylic acid salt).

[0537] Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded at 400 MHz as stated and at 300.3 K unless otherwise stated; the chemical shifts (5) are reported in parts per million (ppm). Spectra w'ere recorded using a Broker Avance 400 instrument with 8, 16 or 32 scans.

[0538] LC-MS chromatograms and spectra were recorded using a Sliimadzu LCMS-2020. Injection volumes were 0.7 - 8.0 ul and the flow rates were typically 0.8 or 1.2 ml/min. Detection methods were diode array (DAD) or evaporative light scattering (ELSD) as well as positive ion electrospray ionization. MS range was 100 - 1000 Da. Solvents were gradients of water and acetonitrile both containing a modifier (typically 0.01 - 0.04 %) such as trifluoroacetic acid or ammonium carbonate.

Abbreviations:

DCM dichloromethane

DMF N,N -di methylformamide

DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide dppf l,l'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene

ESI electrospray ionization

EtOAc or EA ethyl acetate

EtOH ethanol

FA formic acid h hour(s) Hex hexanes HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography

IPA isopropanol

LCMS Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry

\IcC.N or ACN acetonitrile

MeOH methanol min minute(s) mw microwave m/z mass/charge PE petroleum ether prep-HPLC preparative high-performance liquid chromatography

Example 1. 5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimetliyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ainiao)pyr ido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol (Compound 1A), (R)-5-cHoro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)pheiiol (Compound 1*) and (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4- dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)pIienol (Compound IB*)

[054O| Example 1 follows Protocol A.

[0541] Step 1 : Synthesis of 1 -chloro-N- (4, 4-dimethyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido [3, 4-d]pyridazin-4-amine and 4<:hloro-Nf4,4-dimetiiyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazi n-l -amine. Into a 5mL microwave tube were added l,4-dictdoropyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine (250 mg, 1.25 mmol, 1 equiv), DMF (3 mL) and NayCOs (423.91 mg, 4 mmol, 3.2 equiv) at 130°C. The final reaction mixture was irradiated with microwave radiation for 40 min at 130°C. After the reaction was completed, the residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, CIS silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile (MeCN) in water, 0% to 100% gradient in 30 min; detector, UV 254 nin. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. This resulted in l-chloro-N-(4,4-dimethyloxolan-3~ yl)pyrido [3 ,4-djpy ridazin-4-amine and 4-chloro-N -(4,4-dimethyloxolan~3 -yl)pyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -amine (150 mg, mixture of two isomers) as a yellow oil. LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.735 min, were added a mixture of l-chloro-N-(4,4-dimethyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4 -amine and 4- chloro-N-(4,4-dimethyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-a mine (150 mg, 0.53 mmol, 1 equiv), 4- chloro-2-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (120.59 mg, 0.69 mmol, 1.3 equiv), [1,1‘- Bis(diphenylphospluno)ferrocene] dichloropalladium(II) (Pd(dppf)Cl2) (78.75 mg, 0.10 mmol, 0.2 equiv), NazCOs (171.11 mg, 1.61 mmol, 3 equiv), dioxane (6 mL) and HjO (1.2 mL) at 80°C. The final reaction mixture took 2h at 80°C. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography with the following conditions (column, Cl 8 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile (MeCN) in water, 0% to 100% gradient in 30 min; detector, UV 254 nm). After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (2&SHIMADZU (HPLC-01): Column, XBridge Prep Phenyl OBD Column, 19*250 mm, 5pm; mobile phase, water (10 mmolZL NHJ-ICOs) and acetonitrile (MeCN) (25% MeCN up to 45% in 12. min); Detector, UV 254). This resulted in 5-chloro-2-(l-((4,4-diinethyltetrahydrofiiran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-yl)phenol (3,2 mg, 1.5% yield) as a light yellow crude solid and 5- cliloro-2-(4-{[-4,4-dimethyloxoIan-3-yi]ammo}pyrido[3,4-d]py ridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 1A) (32 mg, 15% yield) as a light yellow crude solid. 20 mg of 5-chloro-2-(4-{[-4,4-dimethyloxolan-3- yl]armno}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 1A) w ^; as then chirally separated using the following conditions (Column, Chiral ART Cellulose-SA, 4.6*50 mm, 3 mn; mobile phase, methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) (0.2% formic acid (FA)) and isopropyl:dichloromethane (IPA:DCA1) = 1:1 (hold 50% IPA:DCM=1:1 in 4 min); Detector, UV 254) to provide 5-chloro-2-(4-{[(3R)-4,4- dimetbyloxoIan-3-yI]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)pbenol (also referred to herein as (R)-5- chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyItetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[ 3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)pbenol) (Compound 1") (RT = 1.12 min, 5.4 mg, 2.69% yield) as a light yellow solid and 5-chloro-2-(4- { [(3S)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-3-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l -yliphenol (also referred to herein as (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofiiran-3-yl)amino) pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol) (Compound IB* ) (RT = 2. 12. min, 6,0 mg, 3% yield) as a light yellow solid. Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.

[6543] (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethylletrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)p yrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol. (Compound 1 ^s ) LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.605 min, m/z=371.1 [M+l] ⁺ - ^] H NAIR (400 MHz, AIethanoI-d4) 5 9.77 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.87 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.59 - 7.50 (m, HI), 7.38 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.10 - 4.98 (m, 1H), 4.47 - 4.30 (m, 1H), 3.99 - 3.86 (in, 1H), 3.75 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.16 (s, 3H). [0544J (S)-5-chloro-2-(4-((4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofaran-3-yl)amino)p yrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol. (Compound IB*) LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.605 min, m/z=371.1 [M+lf. ^l H NMR (400 MH/ Methanol-d4) 5 9.81 - 9.74 (m, 1 H ), 8.87 (d, ./ 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57 - 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, ./ 8.0 Hz, 1 H ), 7.06 (d, ./ 7.7 Hz, 2H), 5.13 - 4.98 (m, 1H), 4.50 - 4.33 (m, 1H),4.OO - 3.87 (m, 1H), 2.45 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (d,J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.16 (s, 3H).

Example 2. 3-chloro-2-(4-{[(lS^S)-2-hydroxycyclopentyi]amino}pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol) (Cmnpotind 3A), (S)-5-cHoro-2-(4-((33-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 3*), and (R)-5-cMoro-2-(4-((3,3- dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazi n-l-yl)phenol (Compound 3B*)

P545J Example 2 follows Protocol B.

[0546j Step 1: Synthesis of (lS,2S)-2-((l~(4~cMoro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido|3,4~d]pyndazin -4- yl) amino) cyclopentan- l-ol. To a stirred solution of furo[3,4-c]pyridine-l, 3-dione (30.0 g, 201.20 mmol, 1 equiv) and tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) was added bromo(4-chloro-2- methoxyphenyl)magnesium (0.5M in tetrahydrofuran (THF)) (2.41 mL, 120 mmol, 0.6 equiv) dropwise at -78°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulti ng mixture was stirred for 2h at 25°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water ( 150mL) at 0°C. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration and washed with water (3x50mL). This resulted in 4<4<hloro-2-methoxyberrzoyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (20 g, 34.1% yield) as a light brown solid. LCMS (ES, m/z): RT=0.662 min, m/z=292.0[M+l] ⁺ .

[0547| Step 2: Synthesis of l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-ol . Into a 250 mL round-botom flask were added 4-(4-chloro-2.-methoxybenzoyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (5 g, 17.1 mmol, 1 equiv) and SOCI2 (50 ml,). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 70°C. The reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). After the reaction was completed, the resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dichloromelhane (DCM) (50 mL) and added into the solution of NH2NH2.H2O (3.43 g, 68.6 mmol, 4 equiv), methanol (MeOH) (50 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3h at 70°C in an oil bath. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration. The crude product (4g, 90% purity) was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (2#SHIMADZU (HPLC-01)): Column, XBridge Sliield RP18 OBD Column, 19*250 mm, 10pm; mobile phase, water (10 imnoL'L NH4HCO3) and acetonitrile (MeCN) (hold 39% MeCN in 17 min); Detector, UV 254/220 mn. This resulted in l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-ol (2.0 g, 40.6% yield) as an off- white solid. LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.723 min, m/z=288.0 [M +H] ^b . ^l H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-efe) 5 12.90 (s, 1H), 9.50 (s, 1H), 8.94 (d, .7= 5.5 Hz, I H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H).

[0548^ Step 3: Synthesis of 4-chloro-l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-dJpyridazine . Into a 250mL round-bottom flask were added l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-ol (2,5 g, 8,69 mmol, 1 equiv) and POCI3 (40 mL), and pyridine (4 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 3h at 100°C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with 500 mL of sodium bicarbonate (aq. ) and 500mL of EtOAc at 0 ^,: ’C. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x500 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. This resulted in 4-chloro-l-(4- chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido [3, 4-d]py ridazine (1.5 g, 56.4% yield) as a brown solid. LCMS (ES, m/z): RT=0.845 min, m/z-306.0[M+l] ⁺ . ^] H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-tL) 8 9.84 - 9.68 (m, 1H), 9.12 (d, .7= 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.60 - 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, .7= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H).

[0549| Step 4: Synthesis of l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-py ran-4- yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine. Into a 40mL vial were added 4-chloro- l-(4-chloro-2- methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine (200 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1 equiv) and 3,3-dimethyloxan-4-amine (101.28 mg, 7.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv), triethylamine (TEA) (198.32. mg, 1.96 mmol, 3 equiv), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (5 ml,) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for overnight at 80°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was used in the next step directly without further purification. LCMS:(ES, m/z):RT=0.684 min, m/z=399[M-H] ⁺ .

[0550| Step 5: Synthesis of 5-chloro-2-(4-{[(lS,2S)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl]amino}pyrido[3, 4- djpyridazin- 1 -yl) phenol) (Compound 3A), (S)-5-cMoro-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrcihydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrtdo[3, 4-d]pyridazln-l-yl)phenol (Compound 3 *), and (R)-5-chloro-2-(4-((3,3- dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4<l]pyrid azin-]-yl) phenol (Compound 35*/ Into a 20 vial were added the reaction mixture from step 4, (ethylsulfanyl)sodium (1054.30 mg, 12.53 mmol, 25 equiv), and DMSO (8 mL) at room temperature. Tire resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 120°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by I.. CMS. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed withMeCN (3x5 mL). The fillrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography with the following conditions (column, C18 gel; mobile phase, MeCN in water (lOmmol/L NH4HCO3), 0% to 100% gradient in 30 mm; detector, UV 254 nm), resulting product as an off-white solid. The product (90mg, 98.2% purity) was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (Prep-HPLC-064: Column, CHIRALPAK IG, 2*25 cm, 5 urn; mobile phase, Hex and MeOH:DCM=l:l- (hold 50% MeOH:DCM=l : 1- in 23 min); Detector, U V 254nm) to afford 5-chloro-2-(4-{ [(4R)-3,3- dimethyloxan-4-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yI)phenoI (also referred to herein as (R)-5-chloro- 2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yI)amino)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yl)pbenol) (Compound 3B*) (RT = 1 .50 min, 2.7,8 mg, 14.3% yield) as an off-white solid and 5-chloro-2-(4-{[(4S)-3,3- diniethyloxan-4-ylJammo }py rido[3,4-d]pyridazin- 1 -yliphenol (also referred to herein as (S)-5-chloro- 2.-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2.H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3 ,4"d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol) (Compound 3*) (RT = 3.28 min, 24.4 mg, 12.5% yield) as an off-white solid. Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned. [0551 ] 5-chloro-2-(4-{[(4R)-3,3-dimethyloxan-4-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl) phenol (Compound 3B*). LCMS:(ES, m/z): RT-0.553 min, m/z 38x2 [M+1J+. Tl NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-cfc) 5 10.24 (s, 1H), 9.89 (s, 1H), 8.86 (d, J - 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38 - 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 4.81 - 4.70 (m, 1H), 4.05 - 3.89 (m, 1H), 3.54 - 3.42 (m, 211 ), 3.25 id. J ------ 11.3 Hz, 1 H ), 1.99 - 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.75 - 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.14 (s, 3H), 0.87 (s, 3H).

[05521 5-chloro-2-(4-{[(4S)-3,3-dimethyloxan-4-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 3*) LCMS:(ES, m/z): RT=0.671 min, m/z=385.2 [M+1J+. H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d _s ) 5 10.24 (s, 1H), 9.88 (s, 1H), 8.86 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 - 7.17 (m, 3H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.80 - 4.72 (m, 1H), 4.05 - 3.96 (m, 1H), 3.56 - 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 1H), 2.01 - 1.92 (m, J = 12.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.73 - 7.65 (m, 1H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 0.87 (s, 3H).

Example 3. 2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yi)amsno)pyrido[3,4-d]p yridazin-l-yl)~5- methylphenol (Compound 5A), (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuraB-3~yl)anaino)pyrido[3, 4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-methylphenol (Compound 5), and (S)“2~(4-((5,5-dimethyitetrahydrofnran~3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridaziii-l-yi)-5-methylphenol (Compound 5B)

[05531 Example 3 follows Protocol A.

[0554[ Into a 8mL sealed tube were added l-chloro-N-(5,5-dimetiiyioxolan-3-yl)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-4-amine (120 mg, 0.430 mmol, 1 equiv), 5-methyl-2 -(4,4,5, 5-tetramethy 1-1, 3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (201 mg, 0.860 mmol, 2 equiv), Pd(dppf)Ch (94.5 mg, 0.130 mmol, 0.300 equiv), dioxane (2 ml.,) and H ₂ O (0.4 mL) at 80°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for Ih at 80°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with petroleum ether/ ethyl acetate (1 : 1) to provide a crude product (140 mg) which was purified by Prep-HPLC (Column: Xselect CSH C18 OBD Column 30*150mm 5 m, n; Mobile Phase A: Water ( 10 mmol/L NHd-ICOs; Mobile Phase B: MeCN: Flow rate: 60 mL./min; Gradient: 34% B to 34% B in 11 min, 34% B; Wave Length: 254 mn; RTl(mm): 10.2) to provide a mixture of Compounds 5A and 5B (65mg), which were further purified by Prep-Chiral-HPLC (Column: CHIRAL ART Amylose-SA, 2*25 cm, 5 m; Mobile Phase A: Hexanes (Hex) HPLC, Mobile Phase B: MeOH: DCM-1 : 1, HPLC; Flow rate: 20 mL/mm; Gradient: 20% B to 20% B in 15 min; Wave Length: 220/254 nm) to afford (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yI)-5-methylphenol (Compound 5) (28.4 mg, 18.8% yield) (RT(mm): 9.63) and (S)-2-(4~((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran- 3 -yl)amino)pyrido [3, 4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5 -methylphenol (Compound 5B) (23.7 mg, 15.7% yield) (RT(min): 13.52). Absolute stereochemistry was determined by X-ray crystallography.

[0555J (R)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydmfiiran-3-yi)ammo)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridctzin-l~yi)-5- ¹ MHz, Methanol-^) 8 9.70 (d, J= 1.0 Hz, IH), 8.85 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (m, J= 5.7, 1.0 Hz, IH), 7.28 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 6.91 - 6.83 (m, 2H), 5.05 - 4.97 (ra, IH), 4.41 (m, J= 9.1, 6.7 Hz, IH), 3.92 (m, <7= 9.1, 5.9 Hz, IH), 2.45 (m, J= 12.8, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.08 (m, J = 12.7, 6.8 Hz, IH), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H).

[6556] (S)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltelrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol (Compound 5B) LCMS (ES, m/z): RTM.23 min, m/z=351.1[M+H]*. Tl NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-rL) § 9.70 (d, J ------ 1.0 Hz, IH), 8.85 (d, J- --- 5.7 Hz, IH), 7.57 (m, J ------ 5.7, 1.0 Hz, IH), 7.28 (d, J- 7.7 Hz, IH), 6.91 - 6.83 (m, 2H), 5.07 - 4.97 (m, IH), 4.41 (m, J = 9.1, 6.6 Hz, IH), 3.92 (in, J = 9.1, 5.8 Hz, IH), 2.45 (m, J = 12.8, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.08 (m, J = 12.7, 6.8 Hz, IH), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H).

[6557] Table A shows the protocol by which the compounds of the instant disclosure were prepared, and Table B provides the NMR data.

Example 4. 5-(difl«oromethoxy)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuraii-3-y l)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yT)phenol (Compound 9A), (S)-5-(diflMoromethoxy)-2-(4-((5,5- dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-dlpyridazin-l- yI)pheno! (Compound 9*), and (R)-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(4-((5,5-dimetliyltetrahydrofuran- 3-yi)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)pheno5 (Compound 9B*)

[0558] Example 4 follows Protocol A,

[0559] Step 1. Synthesis of l-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-methoxybenzene. Into a 100 mL roundbottom flask were added 4-bromo-3 -methoxyphenol (5 g, 24.62 mmol, 1 equiv), acetonitrile (MeCN) (10 mL), diethyl bromodifluoromethylphosphonate (13.15 g, 49.25 mmol, 2 equiv) andKOH (2.76 g, 49.25 mmol, 2 equiv), H2O (10 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 xlO mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1x10 mL), dried over anhydrous NazSOv After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with petroleum ether/ethvl acetate (PE/EA) (4:1) to afford the title compound (3.9 g, 61.3% yield). LCMS, ESI: RT= 1.35 min, m/z =253[M+HJ ⁺ . [0560] Step 2. Synthesis of (4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-metho^>phenyl)boronic acid. To a stirred solution of l-bromo-4-(difIuoromethoxy)-2.-methoxybenzene (2200 mg, 8.69 mmol, 1 equiv) in dioxane (25 mL) was added triethylamine (2639.37 mg, 26.08 mmol, 3 equiv) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolane (5563.40 mg, 43.47 mmol, 5 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 0.5h at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. To the above mixture v,as added Pd(OAc)2 (195.19 mg, 0.86 mmol, 0.1 equiv) and 2-(dicycIohexylphosphino)biphenyl, (2- Biphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphine (Cy-JohnPhos) (609.44 mg, 1.73 mmol, 0.2 equiv) in dioxane (2 mL)at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for additional 2h at 80°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1x20 mL), dried over anhydrous NazSCfi. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude title compound, which was used in the next step directly. LCMS, ESI: RT= 0.75 min, m/z =219[M+H]’\

[0561] Step 3. Synthesis of 1 -chloro-N-( 5 ,5-dimethyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido [3 ,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine. Into 20 mL sealed tube were added l,4-dichloropyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine (800 mg, 3.99 mmol, 1 equiv), 5,5-dimethyloxolan-3-amine (552.79 mg, 4.79 mmol, 1.2 equiv), NajCOs (1270.94 mg, 11.99 mmol, 3 equiv) and dimethylformamide (10 mL). The final reaction mixture was irradiated with microwave radiation for 30min at 130°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was repeated for 5 times. The combined resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (3x20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC (2#SHIMADZU (HPLC-01): Column, XBridge Prep Phenyl OBD Column, 19*250 mm, 5pm; mobile phase, water(50 mmol/L NH4HCO3) and acetonitrile (MeCN) (12% MeCN up to 22% in 10 min, hold 22% in 2 min); Detector, UV254nm) to provide l-chloro-N-(5,5- dimethyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine (2 g, 32.3% yield). LCMS, ESI: RT= 0.73 min, m/z = 279.1 ¹ 9.83 (d, ./ 1.0 Hz, 1H), 9.07 (d, ./ 5.6 Hz,

HI), 8.07 (d, • < 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, ./ 5.6, 0.9 Hz, HI), 4.85-4.77 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.74(m, II I), 2.30-2.25 (m, HI), 1.98-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.24 (s, 3H).

[0562| Step 4. Synthesis ofi-(4-(difhic^omethox\f2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(5,5- dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine. To a stirred solution of 1-chloro-N- (5,5-dimetliyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine (1400 mg, 5.02 mmol, 1 equiv) and 4- (difluoromethoxy)-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (3284.18 mg, 15.06 mmol, 3 equiv) in dioxane (12 mL) and water (2.4 mL) was added NaiCOsQ 596.36 mg, 15.06 mmol, 3 equiv) and Pd(dppf)C12 (735.02 mg, 1 mmol, 0.2 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixhire was stirred for 2h at 80°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography (column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile (MeCN) in water, 40% to 50% gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254 nm) to provide the title compound (1.20 g, 57% yield). LCMS, ESI: RT= 0.66 min, m/z - 417.1 [M+H]7

[8563] Step 5. Synthesis of 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethylletrahydrofiiran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol. To a stirred solution of l-(4-(difluoromethoxy)-2- methoxyphenyl)-N-(5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)pyrido[3, 4-d]pyridazin-4-amine (1100 mg, 2.64 mmol, 1 equiv) in dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added (ethylsulfanyl)sodium (666.53 mg, 7.92 mmol, 3 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for Hi at 120°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with MeOH (3x5 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC (Column: Xselect CSH Cl 8 OBD Column 30* 1 ,50mm 5pm, n; Mobile Phase A: Water(0.05% trifhioroacetic acid (TEA)), Mobile Phase B: MeCN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 18% B to 28% B in 10 min, 2.8% B; Wave Length: 254 nm; RT(min): 8.4) to provide the title compound (Compound 9A) (751.6 mg, 55.1% yield). LCMS, ESI: RT= 0.67 min, m/z =403.1[M+H] ⁺ ; ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-^) 5 10.01 (d, J= 1 .0 Hz, 1H), 9. 15 (d, .7- 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72. (dd, J- 5.6, 1.0 Hz, III), 7.47 (d, J - 8.4 Hz, HI), 7.24 - 6.73 (m, 3H), 4.85 - 4.76 (m. III), 4.36-4.32 (m, HI), 4.11-4.07 (m. III), 2.53-2.48 (m, HI), 2.18-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H). Compound 9* and Compound 9B* were then isolated via chiral HPLC, and stereochemistry was assigned based on extrapolation from Compound 5 and Compound 5B stereochemical assignments. [0S64J Isolation of(S)-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyftetrahydrofuran -3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 9*). Prep-Chiral-HPLC (Column: CHIRALPAK IF, 2*25 cm, 5 pm; Mobile Phase A : Hexanes (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)), Mobile Phase B: EtOH: DCM=1 : 1 ; Flow rate: 20 mL./min; Gradient: 60% B to 60% B in 11 rain; Wave Length: 220/2.54 nm; RT(roin): 6,39; ^J H NMR (400 MHz, Metbanol-d4) 8 9.99 (d, J = i .3 Hz, 1H), 9.14 (d, J === 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72 - 7.71 (m, II I ), 7.47 (d, J =- 8.4 Hz, 1 H ), 7.17 - 6.76 (m, 3H), 4.83 - 4.75 (m, 1H), 4.35 - 4.31 (m, 1H), 4.09 - 4.06 (m, 1H), 2.53 - 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.17 - 2.13 (m, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H); LCMS: 403.5 [MH-I] ⁺ .

[6565J Isolation of (R)-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(4-((5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofiiran- 3- yl) amino) pyrido[ 3, 4-d]pyridazin- 1 -y I) pheno I (Compound 9B *> . Prep-Chiral-HPL C (Column: CHIRALPAK IF, 2*25 cm, 5 pm; Mobile Phase A: Hexanes (0.1% TFA), Mobile Phase B: EtOH: DCM=1 :1; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 60% B to 60% B in 11 min; Wave Length: 220/254 nm; RT(min): 9.83; ^l H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-^) 8 10.03 - 9.98 (m, 1H), 9.14 - 9. 13 (m, 1H), 7.72 - 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 - 6.79 (m, 3H), 4.83 - 4.75 (m, 1H), 4.35 - 4.31 (m, 1H), 4.10 - 4.06 (m, 1H), 2.53 - 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.18 - 2.13 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H); LCMS: 403.5

Exampie 5. 2-(4-((6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)am!no)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenul (Compound IDA), (S)-2-(4-((6,6-dimethytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3- y!)ttmino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-methy!phenoI (Compound 10*), and (R)-2-(4-((6,6- dimethyItetrahydro-211-pyran-3~yI)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridaz in-l-yl)-5-methyIphenol (Compound 10B*)

[ 0566] Example 5 follows Protocol B.

[8567] Step 1. Synthesis of 4-(2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid. Into a

250mL 3-necked round-bottom flask were added Iiuo[3,4-c]pyridine~l, 3-dione (10 g, 67.06 mmol, 1 equiv), THF (100 mL) and bromo(2 -methoxy -4-methylphenyl)magnesium (9 g, 40.24 mmol, 0.6 equiv) was added by dropwise at -78°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for Ih at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched by the addition of ice/water (50mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO«, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound (6 g, 33% yield). LCMS:(ES, m/z): RT= 0.570 min, m/z=272 [M+lf .

[0568] Step 2. Synthesis of l-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-ol. Into a 250mL round-botom flask were added 4-(2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)pyridine-3-caiboxylic acid (2g, 7.37 mmol, 1 equiv), and SOCh (20 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 70°C, and tiie reaction was monitored by TLC. After tire reaction was completed, tire resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved inDCM (50 mL) and added into the solution of hydrazine hydrate (1.70 g, 33.99 mmol, 4.61 equiv) and EtOH (10 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3h at 70°C in an oil bath. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration. The crude product (2.0 g, 80% purity) was purified by Prep-HPLC ((Prep-HPLC-059): Column, CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SC, 2*25 cm, 5 um; mobile phase, Hex (0.5% 2M NH ₃ -MeOH) and MeOH:DCMM:l (hold 60% MeOH:DCMM:l- in 10 mm);

Detector, UV 254) to provide the title compound (1 .30g, 66% yield). LCMS:(ES, m/z):RT= 0.880 min, m/z=268[M+l]+ IH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 12.75 (s, IH), 9.49 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, IH), 8.93 id. J = 5.5 Hz, IH), 7.25 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 7.17 (d, J = 5.5, 0.9 Hz, IH), 7.06 (s, IH), 6.98 - 6.91 (m, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H).

[8569] Step 3. Synthesis of 4-(2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid. Into a

250mL round-bottom flask were added l-(2.-methoxy-4"methylphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-ol (800 mg, 2.99 mmol, 1 equiv), POCh (10 mL), and pyridine (1 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 110°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched by the addition into aqueous of NaHCCh (500 mL) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (500mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x500 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H ₂ O ( i x500 mL), dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SO4, filtered, and the filtrate was then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound (300 mg, 35. 1% yield). LCMS:(ES, m/z) : RT= 0.837 rain, m/z=286[M+l]-f-. IH NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 9.74 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 9.10 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, IH), 7.59 - 7.46 (m, IH), 7.35 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H ), 7. 14 id. J = 1.4 Hz, 1 H ), 7.08 - 6.95 (ra, 1 H ), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H).

[6570] Step 4. Synthesis of N-(6, 6-dimethyloxan-3-yl)-l-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)pyrido[3, 4- d]pyridazin-4-amine. To a stirred solution of 4-chloro-l-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)pyrido[3,4- djpyridazine (149.6 mg, 0.52.5 mmol, 1 equiv) inDMSO (4.5 mL) was added 6,6-dimelhyloxan-3- amine (81.39 mg, 0.630 mmol, 1.2 equiv) and triethylamine (TEA) (159.4 mg, 1.58 mmol, 3 equiv). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 80 °C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the reaction was completed, the resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by reverse flash chromatography (column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, MeCN in Water (0.1% FA), 10% to 50% gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254 nm) to provide the title compound (180 mg, 77.5% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT= 0.663min, m/z = 378[M+H] ⁴ .

[ 05711 Step; 5. Synthesis of'2-(4-( (6, 6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H -pyran- 3-yl)amino)pyrido[3, 4- djpyridazin- 1 -yl)-5-methylphenol (Compound 10A), (S)-2-(4-((6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-methylphenol (Compound 10*), and (R)-2-(4-((6,6- dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazi n-l-yl)-5-methylphenol (Compound 10B*). To a stirred solution of N-(6,6-dimethyloxan-3-yl)-l-(2 -methoxy -4-methyiphenyl)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazm-4-amine (50 mg, 0.026 mmol, 1 equiv) inDMF (1.5 mL.) was added (ethylsulfanyi)sodium ( 166.3mg, 1.98 mmol, 15 equiv). The resulting mixture was stirred for Ih at 120°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the reaction was completed, the resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (2xl0mL) and concentrated under vacuum. The product was purified by Prep-HPLC (Column: YMC-Actus Triart C18 ExRS, 30*150 mm, 5pm; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 mmol/L NH4HCO3), Mobile Phase B: MeCN; Flow rate: 60 mL/'min; Gradient: 33% B to 43% B in 10 min, 43% B; Wave Length: 254 nm; RTl(min): 9.5) to provide the title compound (Compound WA). Compound 10* and Compound 10B* were then isolated via chiral HPLC. Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.

[6572] Isolation oJf‘S)n-2-(4-((6,6-dimethyltetrahydm-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)p )yrido[3,4--d]pyridazin- ]-yl)-5-methylphe.nol (Compotmd 10*). Column: Lux 5um Celluloes-3, 2. 12*2.5 cm, 5 pm; Mobile Phase A: Hexanes (0.2% forraic acid (FA)), Mobile Phase B: MeOH: EtOH=l:l; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 15% B to 15% B in 12.5 rain; Wave Length: 220/254 nm; RT(min): 2.81; (13.3 mg, 27.6% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT= 1.372 min, m/z = 365 [MAH]*; Tl NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 9.74 (s, 111 ), 9.65 (s, HI), 8.85 (dd, J = 5.8, 2.2 Hz, IH), 7.53 (d, J - 7.6 Hz, 1H),7.32 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H),7.2O (d, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 6.81 (q, J - 7.7, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 4.39 (s, IH), 3.91 - 3.82 (m, IH), 3.53 (dd, J = 11.1, 9.6 Hz, IH), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.97 - 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.76 - 1.68 (m, IH), 1.64 - 1.53 (m, IH), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H). [0573 j (R)-2-(4-((6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- methylphenol (Compound JOB*). Column: Lux 5um CelIuloes-3, 2.12*25 cm, 5 pm; Mobile Phase

A : Hexanes (0.2% FA), Mobile Phase B: MeOH: EtOH=l: 1; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 15% B to 15% B in 12.5 min; Wave Length: 220/2.54 nm; RT(min): 3,82; (5.4 mg, 11.2% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT= 1.36 min, m/z = 365 [M+H] ⁺ ; Tl NMR (400 MH/ . DMSO-d6) 5 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.64 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J === 5.6 Hz, 1 H ), 7.53 (d, J =- 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 id. J === 5.6 Hz,lH), 7.20 (d, J === 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 - 6.76 (m, 2H), 4.39 (s, 1H), 3.87 (dd, J - 11.4, 4.7 Hz, 1 H ), 3.53 (t, J - 10.5 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.95 - 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.76 - 1.67 i ll:. 1 H ), 1.64 - 1.52. (m, 1H), 1.2.8 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).

Example 6. 2-(4-((2^-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ainino)pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-

(trifluorometh yl)pheuol (Compound 11A), (S)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phe nol (Compound 11*) and (R)-2~(4~

((2,2-dim^thyltetrabydro-2H~pyran~4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d ]pyridazm-l~yl)-5~

(trifluoromethyOphenol (Compound 11B*)

[0574J Example 6 follows Protocol A.

[0575| Step ]. Synthesis o f I -chloro-N-(2, 2-dimethyloxan-4-yl) pyrido[3,4-d] pyrldazin-4-amine. Into a 100 mL sealed tube were added 2,2-dimethyloxan-4-amine (2 g, 15.5 mmol, 1 equiv), Na^COs

(4921 mg, 46.44 mmol, 3 equiv), and DMF (20 mL). The final reaction mixture was irradiated with microwave radiation for lh at 130°C. The reaction progress w ^; as monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with DMF(3xl0 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography (column, C 18 silica gel; mobile phase, MeCN in Water, 10% to 60% gradient in 30 mm; detector, UV 254 nm) to provide the title compound (1.80 g, 39.3% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.93 min, (trifluoromethyl)phenol (Compound 11B*). Into a 20mL vial were added l-chloro-N-(2,2- dimethyloxan-4-yl) pyrido[3,4-d] pyridazin-4-arnine (250 mg, 0.85 mmol, 1 equiv), NazCOj (271.51 mg, 2.56 mmol, 3 equiv), Pd(dppf)Ch (187.44 mg, 0.25 mmol, 0.3 equiv), dioxane (2.5 mL), and H2O (0.5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for Ih at 80°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 40mL). The combined organic layers was dried over anhydrous Na^SCfo After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography (column, CIS silica gel; mobile phase, MeCN in water, 30% to 60% gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254 nm) to provide the crude product. Compound 11 A (200mg, 80% purity), which was purified by Prep-HPLC (Column, YMC-Actus Triart CI8 ExRS, 30*150 mm, 5pm; mobile phase, water (10 mmol/L NH4HCO3) and MeCN (35% MeCN up to 45% in 10 min); Detector, UV 254mn) to provide purified Compound 11 A (120mg, 98% purity) was further purified by Chiral-Prep-HPLC (Column, CHIRALPAK ID, 2*25 cm, 5 um; mobile phase, hexanes (0.2% formic acid) and ethanol (EtOH) (hold 10% EtOH- in 20 min); Detector, UV 254nrn) to provide (S)-2-(4-((2,2-dimeUiyltetrahydro-2H- pyran"4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazm-ltyl)-5”(trifluorom ethyi)phenol (26.5 mg, 7.25% yield) (Compound 11*) with a RT of 1.66 min; and (R)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phe nol (24.3 mg, 5.33% yield) (Compound 11B*) with a RT of 2.37 mm. Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.

[0577| (S)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenol (Compound 11*): LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=1.21 min, m/z=419.0[M+H] ⁺ ; ^! H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-^) 5 9.71 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, IH), 8.86 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, IH), 7.60 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.52 - 7.46 (m, IH), 7.37 - 7.31 (m, IH), 7.28 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, IH), 4.86 - 4.75 (m, IH), 3.99

- 3.88 (m, IH), 3.91 - 3.82 (m, IH), 2.24 - 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.75 - 1.64 (m, IH), 1.67 - 1.58 (m, IH), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H).

[05781 (R)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro~2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenol (Compound 1 IB*) : L.CMS : (ES, m/z) : RT=1.21 min, m/z=419.0[M+H] ⁺ ; Tl NMR (400 MHz, Melhanol-fo) 5 9.71 (d, J ------ 1.0 Hz, IH), 8.86 (d, J- --- 5.7 Hz, IH), 7.59 (d, • < 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.52 - 7.46 (m, IH), 7.37 - 7.31 (m, IH), 7.28 (d, J > 1.7 Hz, IH), 4.86 - 4.74 (m, IH), 3.99

- 3.81 (m, 2H), 2.24 - 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.75 - 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H). Example 7. S-(difluoromethyi)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 16A), (S)-5~(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((2,2~ dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ani!no)pyrido[3,4~d]pyridaz in~l-yl)phenol (Compound 16*), and (R)-5-(difluoroinethyl)-2-(4-((2^-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyra n-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-

|G579| Example 7 follows Protocol A.

I0580J Step 1. Synthesis of l-bromo-4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methoxybenzene. To a stirred solution of 4- bromo-3-methoxybeuzaldehyde (1g, 4.65 mmol, 1 equiv) inDCM (10 mL) was added diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) (3.75 g, 23.25 mmol, 5 equiv). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature under air atmosphere. The reaction was quenched with ice water (20mL) at 0 °C. The aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (3x10 mL). The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with dicMoromettane/petroleum ether (DCM/ PE) (1: 1) to afford the title compound (1.03 g, 93% yield).

[058 If Step 2. Synthesis of (4-(^fluoromefhyl)-2-mefhoxyphenyl)boronic acid. A solution of 1- bromo-4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methoxybenzene (400 mg, 1.68 mmol, 1 equiv) in dioxane (10 mL) was treated with triethylamine (512.27 mg, 5,04 mmol, 3 equiv) for 30 min at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere followed by the addition of Pd(OAc)? (37.88 mg, 0.17 mmol, 0.1 equiv) and 2- (dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl, (2d3iphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphrne (Cy-JohnPhos) ( 118.29 mg, 0.33 mmol, 0.2 equiv) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at 80 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was quenched with ice/water (lOmL) at 0 °C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (50mL x 3). The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1 g crude), which was used for next step directly without further purification. GCMS: m/z 202.06.

[0S82] Step 3. Synthesis of l-[4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-N-(2,2-dimethyloxan-4 - yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine. To a stirred solution of 2-[4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methoxypbenylJ- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (135.86 mg, 0.47 mmol, 1 equiv) in l,4-dioxane(9 mL) and HzO ( 1.8 mL) was added NaaCOs (152.05 mg, 1.43 mmol, 3 equiv) and Pd(dppf)Ch (104.97 mg, 0.14 mmol, 0.3 equiv). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at 80 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was diluted with water(20 mL) at 0 °C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x50 mL). The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography (column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, MeCN in water, 10% to 50% gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254 run) to provide the title compound (176 mg, 88.8% yield). LCMS:(ES,m/z): P C 0.65 min, m/z - 415.40[M+H]+; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 9.78 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, J =- 5.60 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J =- 6.90 Hz, 1H), 7.52 id. J =- 7.70 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d, J - 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.21 - 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.44 (q, J - 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (d, J - 5.50 Hz, 3H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 1.91 (d, J - 12.90 Hz, 4H), 1.27 - 1.14 (m, 6H).

[G583] Step 4. Synthesis of 5-(difluorometf^>l)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyra n-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 16A), (S)-5-(difluoromethyl)~2-(4-((2,2- dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4~yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazi n-l -yl) phenol (Compound 16*), and (R)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyrm -4-yl)cmino)pyrido[3, 4-df pyridazin- 1 - yliphenol (Compound 16B*). To a stirred solution of l-[4-(difluorotnetbyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-N- (2,2.-dimetbyloxan-4-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine ( 150 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1 equiv) in DMF (1.5 mL) was added sodium ethanethiolate (EtSNa) (457 mg, 5.43 mmol, 15 equiv). The final reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at 120 °C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (3x5 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography (column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, MeCN in water (lOmmol/L NH4HCO3), 25% to 45% gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254 nm) to provide Compound 16A (43 mg, 96% purity, 88.8% yield), which was further purified by Prep-Chiral-HPLC (Column: CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SB, 2*25 cm, 5 pm;

Mobile Phase A: Hex(0.2% FA), Mobile Phase B: IP A: DCM=1: 1; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 30% B to 30% B in 15 min; Wave Length: 254/220 nm; RTl(min): 10.29) to afford (R)-5- (dffluoromethyl)-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyitetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl )amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin“l- yl)phenol (Compound 16B*) with a RT of 14.32 min (16.5 mg, 11.4% yield) and (S)-5- (difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl )amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol (Compound 16*) with a RT of 10.29 min ( 18.5 mg, 12.3% yield). Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.

[0584| (R)-5-(difluoromelhyl)-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyra n-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol. (Compound 16B~): LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=1.12 min, m/z - 401.20[M+HJ+; ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.14 (s, 1H), 9.78 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J - 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 - 6.91 (m, 3H), 4.85 - 4.59 (m, IH), 3.79 - 3.69 (m, 2H), 2.03 (s, 2H), 1.65 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).

[0585| (S)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(4-((3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyra n-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 16*): LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=1.12 min, m/z = 401.20[M+H]+; ^! H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.14 (s, 1H), 9.78 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, IH), 7.66 (s, IH), 7.46 (d, J = 7.60 Hz, IH), 7.29 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 - 6.91 (m, 3H), 4.85 - 4.59 (m, IH), 3.79 - 3.69 (m, 2.H), 2.03 (s, 2H), 1.65 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.2.2 (s, 3H).

Example 8. 3-chloro42-(4-((3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrid o[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol (Compound 18B*), 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3R,4S)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 18C*), 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4R)-3- methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ammo)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l -yl)phenol(Compound 18A*), 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3R,4R)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol (Compound 18*), 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4S)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 18D*) -

[0586] Example 8 follows Protocol B.

[0587] Step 1: Synthesis of 4-(4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl)pyrldine-3-carboxylic acid. To a stirred solution of furo[3,4-c]pyridine-l, 3-dione (30.0 g, 201.20 mmol, 1 equiv) and tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) was added bromo(4-chloro-2~methoxyphenyl)magnesium (0.5M in THF) (241 mL, 120 mmol, 0.60 equiv) dropwise at -78°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 25°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (150mL) at 0°C. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration and washed with water (3x50mL). This resulted in the title compound (20 g, 34.1 % yield). LCMS (ES, m/z): RT=0,662 min,

[6588] Step 2: Synthesis . Into a 250 mL round-bottom flask were added 4-(4-chIorO"2-methoxybenzoyl)pyridine--3-carboxylic acid (5 g, 17. 1 mmol, 1 equiv) and SOC1? (50 mLl.The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 70°C. The reaction was monitored by TEC. After the reaction was completed, the resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL) and added into the solution of NH2NH2.H2O (3.43 g, 68.6 mmol, 4 equiv), MeOH (50 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3h at 70°C in an oil bath. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration. The crude product (4g, 90% purity) was purified by Prep-HPLC (2#SHIMADZU (HPLC-01): Column, XBridge Shield RP 18 OBD Column, 19*250 mm, lOum; mobile phase, water (10 mmolZL NHJ-ICO?,) and MeCN (hold 39% MeCN in 17 min); Detector, UV 254/220 nm) to provide the title compound (2.0g, 40.6% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.723 min, m/z=288.0 [M + H ] . T-I NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-%) 5 12.90 (s, 1H), 9.50 (s, 1H), 8.94 (d, • < 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J ------ 1.9 Hz, HI), 7.23 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H).

[6589] Step 3: Synthesis of 4-chloro-l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine . Into a 250mL round-bottom flask were added l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-ol (2.5 g, 8.69 mmol, 1 equiv) and POCI3 (40 mL), and pyridine (4 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred for 3h at 100°C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with 500mL of sodium bicarbonate (aq.) and 500mL of EtOAc at 0°C. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x500 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound (1.50 g, 56.4% yield). LCMS (ES, m/z): RT=0.845 min, m/z=306.0[M+lf. T-I NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-rfe) 8 9.84 - 9.68 (m, 1H), 9. 12 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.60 - 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, ./ 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.32. - 7.25 (m. H i). 3.74 (s, 3H).

[0590] Step; 4: Synthesis l-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-meth.yltetrahydro-2H-pyran -4- yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine. Into a 20mL vial were added j-methyloxan-4-amine hydrochloride (200 mg, 1.31 mmol, 3 equiv), DMSO (3 mL) , 4-chloro-l-(4-chloro-2- methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazme (134.60 mg, 0.44 mmol, 1 equiv) and DIEA (170.48 mg, 1.31 mmol, 3 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for overnight at 80 C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography (column, C18 gel; mobile phase, MeCN in water , 0% to 100% gradient in 30 min; detector, UV 254 nm) to provide the title compound as a mixture of cis and trans stereoisomers (150 mg, 88.7% yield). LCMS:(ES, m/z):RT= 0.688 min, m/z=385[M+l]+.

[0591] S 'tep 5: Synthesis of 5-chloro-2-(4-((3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrid o[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 18B*). Into a 20 mL vial were added the cis/trans mixture of (1- (4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-methyhetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-y l)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-aroine (90 mg, 0.2.4 mmol, 1 equiv), DMSO (3 ml..) and (ethyisulfanyl)sodium (2.04.14 mg, 2.43 mmol, 10 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for Ih at

120°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography (column, C18 gel; mobile phase, MeCN in water , 0% to 100% gradient in 30 min; detector, U V 254 nm) to provide a crude mixture of stereoisomers (70mg, 90% purity).

[0592] Step 6: Isolation of cis diastereomers: 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3R,4R)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-dJpyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 18*), 5-chloro-2-(4-{3-methyloxan-4- yl]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 18 ’*) and 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4S)-3- methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-dlpyridazin- l-yl) phenol (Compound I8D*). The erode mixture was purified using Chiral -Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column, Chiral ART Cellulose-SA, 2*25 cm, 5 um; mobile phase, Hex(0.2% FA)- and EtOH:DCM=l:l (hold 30% EtOH:DCM=l: l- in 15,5 min); Detector, UV 2.54mn. This resulted in 5-chloro-2-(4-{[(3R,4R)-3- methyloxan-4-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (also referred to as 5-chloro-2-(4- (((3R,4R)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyra£i-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3, 4-d]pyridazm-l-yl)phenol) (Compound 18*) (9.30 mg, 10.3% yield, RT=1.47 on 4.6*50mm column) as a light yellow solid and 5-chloro-2.-(4-{3-methyloxan-4-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridaz in-l”yl)phenol (also referred to as 5-chloro-2-(4-{3-methyloxan-4-yl]aniino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridaz m-l-yl)phenol) (Compound 18’*) as an assumed mixture of trans isomers (30 mg, 34.6% yield, R 1-2.39 on 4.6*50mm column) as a light yellow solid and 5-chloro-2-(4-{ [(3S,4S)~3-methyloxan-4~yl]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol (also referred to as 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4S)~3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran~4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-djpyridazin-l-yl)phenol) (Compound 18®*) (7.50 mg, 8.3% yield, RT=3.11 on 4.6*50mm column) as a light yellow solid (cis and trans isomers and stereochemistro arbitrarily assigned).

[0593] 5-chIoro-2-(4-(((3R,4R)-3-mediyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrldo[3,4-d]pyridcain-l- yl)phenol (Compound 18*): LCMS:(ES, m/z):RT= 0.631 min, m/z=371[M+l]+; NMR (400 MHz, Methanol^) S 9.72 (d, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.45 - 7.32

(m, HI), 7.05 (d, • 7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.43 - 4.31 (m, 1H), 4.11 - 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.72 - 3.57 (m, HI), 3.30

- 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.12 (m, 1H), 2.12 - 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.85 - 1.61 (m, 1H), 0.99 (d, ./ 6.6 Hz, 3H).

[0594J 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4S)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yljphenol (Compound 181)*): LCMS:(ES, m/z):RT= 1.202 min, m/z=371[M+l]+; ^l H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-ah) 5 9.72 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 - 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.45 - 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.14 - 6.99 (m, 2H), 4.43 - 4.31 (m, 1H), 4.10 - 3.94 (m, 2H), 3.70 - 3.59 (m, 1H), 3.31 - 3.16 (m, 1H), 2.25 - 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.14 - 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.80 - 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.00 (d, J = 6.6 assumed trans mixture (30 mg, 98% purity) was separated by Chiral-Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column, Chiral ART Cellulose-SA, 2*25 cm, 5 um; mobile phase, Hex(0.2% FA)- and EtOH:DCM ^:; 4:l- (hold 30% EtOI 4: 1 - in 18.2 min); Detector, UV 254nm. Tills resulted in 5- chlorO”2-(4-{[(3R,4S)”3-methyloxan-4-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4 -d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (also referred to as 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3R,4S)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol) (Compound 18C*) (13.9 mg, 39.6% yield, RT=4.880 on 4.6*50mm column) and 5- chloro-2-(4-{ [(3S,4R)-3-methyloxan-4-yl]amino}pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l -yl)phenol (also referred to as 5-chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4R)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)phenol) (Compound 18A*) ( 14,0 mg, 40.0% yield, RT=3.50 on 4.6*50mm column).

Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.

[0596J 5-Chloro-2-(4-(((3R,4S)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4-d]pyrid(ain-l- yljphenol (Compound ’ISC*): LCMS:(ES, m/z):R f 1.032min, m/z-371[M+l]+; U NMR (400 MI lz. Methanol-^) 5 9.78 (d, J === 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42 - 7.33 (m, I I I). 7.38 (d, J 8.0 Hz, III), 7.11 - 7.01 (in, 2H), 4.74 - 4.66 (m, 1H), 4.11 - 4.02 (m, 1H), 3.86 - 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.66 (d, J= 2.7 Hz, 1H), 2.58 - 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.29 - 2.12 (m, HI), 1.83 - 1.72 (m, HI), 1.13 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H).

[0S97J 5-Chloro-2-(4-(((3S,4R)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran.-4-yl)am ino)pyrido[3,4-dJpyridazin-l- yl)phenol (Compound ISA*): LCMS:(ES, m/z):RT- 1.032 min, m/z-371[M+l]+; ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-^) 5 9.78 (d, J = 1 .0 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.59 - 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, J= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.10 - 6.97 (m, 2H), 4.79 - 4.52 (m, 1H), 4.07 (d, J= 11.9 Hz, 1H), 3.86 - 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.70 - 3.56 (m, 1H), 2.53 (s, 1H), 2.25 - 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.86 - 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.13 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H).

[0598^ Additional compounds provided in Table C below follow the Protocols and Examples described herein.

Example 9. 2-(4-(((R)-5^-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4- d]pyrida2:hi-l-yl)-3^- dimethylphenol (Compound 24*) mtd 2-(4-(((S)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yI)-3,5-dimethylphestol (Compound 24B*)

[0599) Example 9 follows Protocol A.

[86O0J Step 1: Into 20ml sealed tube were added l,4-dicliloropyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine (500 mg, 2.50 mmol, 1 equiv), 5,5-dimethyloxoIan”3-amine (201.53 mg, 1.75 mmol, 0.7 equiv), NazCOs (802.39 mg, 7.50 mmol, 3 equiv) mid DMF (5 mL). The final reaction mixture was irradiated with microwave radiation for 30min at 130°C. The reaction was repeated for four times. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with methanol (MeOH). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, C18 silica gel: mobile phase, acetonitrile (MeCN) in water, 10% to 80% gradient in 25 min; detector, UV 254 am, to provide a crude product, which was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (2#SHIJMADZU (HPLC-01 )): Column, XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 30*150 mm, 5pm; mobile phase, water (10 mmol/L. NH4HCO3) and acetonitrile (23% up to 35% in 8 min); Detector, UV 254nm to provide 1-chloro-N- (5,5-dimethyloxolan-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine as a mixture of R and S stereoisomers (1.2 g, 28% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT - 0.62 min, m/z=279.0[M+FI] ⁺

[0691] Step 2: The stereoisomeric mixture from Step 1 was purified by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: CHIRALPAK IG, 2*25 cm, 5 tun; Mobile Phase A: hexanes (0.5% 2M NH3 in methanol), Mobile Phase B: isopropanol/dichloromethane (1:1); Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 70% B to 70% B in 14.5 min; Wave Length: 254/220 nm; RTl(min) ((R)-l-chloro-N-(5,5- dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)pyrido[3,4~d]pyridazin-4-amine) : 4.81; RT2(min): 11.33 (S)-l-chloro- N-(5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4 -amine; Sample Solvent: methanol/dichloromethane (1: 1); Injection Volume: 1 mL, to provide (R)-l-chloro-N-(5,5- dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-araine (Intermediate A*) (120 mg, 39% yield; LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT = 0.78 min, m/z = 279.i [M+Hf) and (S)-l-chloro-N-(5,5- dimetbyltetrabydrofaran-3-yl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine (Intermediate B*) (121 rag, 39% yield; LCMS:(ES, m/z): RT = 0.78 rain, m/z = 279,1[M+H] ⁺ ), stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned. [0682] Step 3: Into a 20 nil. vial was added 2-bnorao-3,5-dimethylphenol (600 mg, 2.98 mmol, 1 equiv) and dioxane (6 mL), triethylamine (905.92 mg, 8.95 mmol, 3 equiv), and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1909.55 mg, 14.92 mmol, 5 equiv). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min al room temperature under mirogen atmosphere. To tire above mixture was added palladium (II) acetate (Pd(OAc)2) (67 mg, 0.29 mmol, 0.1 equiv), 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl (Cy- JohnPhos) (209.18 mg, 0.59 mmol, 0.2 equiv). The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at 80 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by GCMS. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (3 x 10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na^STh. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2 -hydroxy -4 ,6-dimethylpbeny Iboronic acid (800 mg, 81% yield), which was used in the next step directly without further purification.

[0603| Step 4. Into a 8 mL vial were added 2-bydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenylboronic acid (2.14.37 mg, 1 .29 mmol, 3 equiv) and Intermediate A* (120 mg, 0.43 mmol, 1 equiv), water (0.2. mL), Naj.COs (138.19 mg, 1,29 mmol, 3 equiv), [l,r-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane (Pd(dppf)C12 CH2Q2) (94.50 mg, 0.12 mmol, 0.3 equiv), and dioxane (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h al 80 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was concentrated wider reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile in water, 10% to 50% gradient in 10 mm; detector, U V 254 ran, to provide the crude product (70 mg), which was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 30*150 mm, 5pm; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mmol/L NH4HCO3), Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 25% B to 35% B in 10 mln, 35% B; Wave Length: 254 urn; RTl(rain): 9.5, to provide 2-(4- (((R)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofiiran-3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]p yridazin-l-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol (Compound 24*) (41.90 mg, 27% yield). Stereochemistry was arbitrarily assigned. LCMS:(ES, m/z): RT _; = 1.43 min, m/z = 365.2[M-t-H] ⁺ . T-I NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-ris) 5 9.81 (d, J= 0.9 Hz, 1H), 9.21 (d, J- 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.82 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.84 - 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.13 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.65 id. ./ 6.9 Hz, 2.H ), 4.98 - 4.88 (m, 1H), 4.30 - 4. 18 (m, 1H), 3.87 - 3.71 (m, 1H), 2.38 - 2.26 (m, 4H), 2.05 - 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.87 (d../ 3.1 Hz, 3H), 1.37 id..-' 3.2 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (s, 3H).

[8684] Step 5. Into a 8 mL vial was added 2-hydroxy-4,6-dunethylphenylboronic acid (214.37 mg, 1.29 mmol, 3 equiv), Intermediate B* (120 mg, 0.43 mmol, 1 equiv), water (0.2 mL), NaiCOj (138.19 mg, 1.29 mmol, 3 equiv), [l,r-bis(diphenylphospliino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane (Pd(dppf)Ch CH2CI2) (94.50 mg, 0.12 mmol, 0.3 equiv), and dioxane (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at 80 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, C 18 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile in water, 10% to 50% gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254 nm, to provide the crude product (70 mg), which was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: XBridge Shield RP 18 OBD Column, 30*150 mm, 5prn; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mmol/L NH4HCO3), Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 25% B to 35% B in 10 min, 35% B; Wave Length: 254 nm; RTl(rmn): 9.5, to provide 2-(4- (((S)-5,5-dimethyltelraliydrofman-3"yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]py ridazin-l-yl)-3,5-dimelhyiphenol (Compound 24B*) (40.4 mg, 26% yield). Stereochemistry was arbitrarily assigned. LCMS:(ES, m/z): RTi - 1.43 min, m/z - 365.2[M+H] ⁺ . ^] H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-aj 5 9.81 (d, J - 0.9 Hz, 1H), 9.21 (d, J- 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.82 (d, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.84 - 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.13 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.65

(d, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.98 - 4.88 (m, 1H), 4.30 - 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.87 - 3.71 (m, iH), 2.38 - 2.26 (m, 4H), 2.05 - 1.90 (m, IH), 1.87 (d, J= 3.1 Hz, 3H), 1.37 (d, J= 3.2 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (s, 3H).

Example 10. Synthesis of 5-chlon>-2-(4-(((2R,4R)-2-methyltetrahydn>-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[33-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 25A*), 5-chloro-2-(4-(((2S,4S)-2- methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin- l~yJ)phenoi (Compound 25B*), 5-chioro-2-(4-(((2S,4R)-2-methyltetrahydro-2H~pyran~4-yl)ami no)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l- yl)pheuol (Compound 25C*), and 5-chloro-2-(4-(((2R,4S)-2-methyitetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)phenol (Compound 25D*)

Scheme iOA

[0605] Example 10 follows Protocol B.

[(1686] Step 1: Into a 250 mL 3-necked round-bottom flask were added furo[3,4-c]pyridme-l, 3-dione (3 g, 20.12 mmol, 1 eqniv), tetrahydrofuran (THF) (30 mL), and bromo(4-chloro-2- metlioxyphenyl)magnesium (0.5 mol/L) (24.16 mL, 12.07 mmol, 0.6 eqniv) at -78°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched by the addition of ice water (300mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration and washed with water (3x 20mL), and dried under vacuum, to provide 4-(4-chloro-2- methoxybenzoyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 43% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.633 min, m/z=292.0[M+l]'.

[0607] Step 2: Into a 250mL round-bottom flask were added 4-(4-chloro-2- methoxybenzoyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 8.56 mmol, 1 eqniv) and SOCh (25 mLl.The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 70°C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dichlorometbane (DCM) (30 mL) and added into the solution of NH2NH2.H2O (80%) (2.39 g, 34.24 mmol, 4 equiv) in methanol (MeOH) (50 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for Ih at 80°C in an oil bath. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration. The crude product (2g, 73% purity) was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (2#SHIMADZU (HPLC-01)): Column, XB ridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 19*250 ram, lOum; mobile phase, Water (10 mmol/L NH4HCO3) and acetonitrile (hold 41% in 19 min); Detector, UV 254/220 nm, to provide l-(4-chloro-2-methoxypheiQrl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-ol (1.2 g, 49% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT=0.678 min, m/z=288.0[M+l] ⁺ .

[86(18 [ Step 3: Into a 250mL round-bottom flask were added l-(4-chloro-2- methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4"Ol (1.2 g, 4.16 mmol, 1 equiv) and POCL (25 ml.), and pyridine (2.5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 110°C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (20mL).The resulting mixture was poured into the mixture of EtOAc (IL) and sat. sodium bicarbonate (aq.)(lL) slowly at 0°C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2xlL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MnSCL. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 4-chloro~l-(4-chloro-2~methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine (800mg, 63% yield). LCMS: (ES, m/z): RT-0.801 mm, m/z=306.0[M+l] ⁺ .

[0669] Step 4. Into a 20 mL sealed tube were added 4-chloro-l-(4-chloro-2- methoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine (200 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1 equiv), 2-methyloxan-4-amine (150.48 mg, 1.30 mmol, 2 equiv), triethylamine (198.32 mg, 1.95 mmol, 3 equiv) andDMSO (6 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 12 h at 80°C under air atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The crude product, a mixture of cis and trans stereoisomers of 5- chloro-2-{4-[(2-methyloxan-4-yl)amino]pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin -l-yl}phenol, was used in the next step directly without further purification, LCMS: RT== ^: 0.85 min, m/z ^:: 385 [M+H] ⁺ .

[0610] Step 5. Sodium ethanethiolate (EtSNa) (654.78 mg, 7.80 mmol, 15 equiv) was added directly into the reaction solution from Step 4. The resulting mixture was stirred for Ih at 120°C under air atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The residue was purified by reverse flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile in water, 15% to 18% gradient in 15 min; detector, UV 254 nm and 220 nm, to provide a mixture of cis and trans isomers of 5-cliloro-2~{4~[(2-methyloxan-4-yl)amino]pyrido[3,4-d]pyrida zin~l -yljphenol (150 mg, 78% yield). The crude product (150 mg) was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (Column: XSelect CSH Prep C18 OBD Column, 19*250 mm, 5pm; Mobile Phase A: Water (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid), Mobile Phase B: methanol; Flow' rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 40% B to 45% B in 8 min; Wave Length: 254 nm; RTl(min): 10) to afford 5-chloro-2-{4-[(2-metbyloxan- 4-yl)amino]pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l -yljphenol as a mixture of cis and trans isomers ( 120 mg, 99% purity). LCMS: RT= 0.62 min, m/z = 371 [M+H] ⁺ .

[0611] Step 6. The mixture of isomers of 5-chloro-2-{4-[(2-methyloxan-4-yl)amino]pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-l-yl}phenol (120 mg) was purified by Prep-Chiral HPLC with the following conditions (Column: CHIRALPAK IG, 2*25 cm, 5 pm; Mobile Phase A: hexanes (0.2% formic acid). Mobile Phase B: ethanol; Flow rale: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 50% B to 50% B in 20 min; Wave Length: 220/254 nm; RTl(min): 8.115; (Mixture of Compounds 25A* and 25B*); RT2(min): 12.895 (Compound 25C*); RT3(min): 18.241 (Compound 25D*); Sample Solvent: metbanol/dichloromethane =1: 1; Injection Volume: 0.7 mL) to afford to a mixture of Compounds 25A* and 25B* (55 mg, 98% purity). Compound 25C* (11.2 mg, 99.8% purity) and Compound 25D* ( 10.6 mg, 99.9% purity); stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.

|66121 Compound 25C*: LCMS: RT= 0.61 min, m/z = 371 [M+H]*. ^! H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) 5 9.80 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.87 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J = 5.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 id. J == 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 - 7.02 (m, 2H), 4.73 - 4.66 (m, 1H), 4.11 - 3.86 (m, Si H 2.18 (d, J =- 13.9 Hz, 1H), 2.12 - 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.58 (ddd, J - 14.0, 10.0, 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 1.35 (d, J - 6.3 Hz, 311 ).

[0613] Compound 25D*: LCMS: RT= 0.62 min, m/z = 371 [M+H] ⁺ . ^! H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) 5 9.80 (d, J - 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.87 (d, J - 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J - 5.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 - 7.02 (m, 2H), 4.73 - 4.66 (m, 1H), 4.11 - 3.86 (m, 3H), 2.18 (d, J - 13.9 Hz, 1H), 2.12 - 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.76 (ddd, J = 14.0, 10.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H).

[0614] Step 7: The mixture of Compounds 25A* and 25B* (55 mg) was purified by Prep-Chiral HPLC with the following conditions (Column: CHIRALPAK IE, 2*25 cm, 5 pm Mobile Phase A: hexanes (0.2% formic acid), Mobile Phase B: ethanol; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 35% B to 35% B in 16.5 min; Wave Length: 254/220 nm; RTl(min): 1.179 (Compound 25A*); RT2(min): 4.19 (Compound 25B*); Sample Solvent: methanol; Injection Volume: 0.6 mL) to afford to Compound 25A* (14,7 mg, 98% purity) and Compound 25B* (15.5 mg, 99% purity); stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.

[0615| Compound 25AN LCMS: RT= 0.91 min, m/z = 371 [M+H] ⁺ . ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) 5 9.69 (d, I == 1.0 Hz, II 1). 8.85 (d, J - 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J - 5.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J - 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 - 7.02 (m, 2H), 4.63 - 4.52 (m, 1H), 4.13 - 4.05 (m, 1H), 3.73 - 3.62 (m, 2H), 2.30 - 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.18 (d, J = 13.3 Hz, 1H), 1.72 (qd, J = 12.3, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (q, J - 11.6 Hz, 1H), 1.27 (d, J - 6.2 Hz, 3H).

[061 Compound 25B*: LCMS: RT= 0.91 min, m/z - 371 [M+Hf . ^] H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) 5 9.72 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.68 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J = 5.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.09 - 7.02 (m, 2H), 4.63 - 4.53 (m, 1H), 4.13 - 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.73 - 3.62 (m, 2H), 2.30 - 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.21 - 2.13 (m, 1H), 1.72 (qd, J = 12.3, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (q, J = 11.7 Hz, 1H), 1.24 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H).

Example 11. Synthesis of 3-chloro-2-(4-(((R)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3- yI)amino)pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-l-yl)-5-methyIphenol (Compound 26*) and 3-chloro~2-(4-(((S)- 5^-dimethyItetrabydrofuran~3-yl)amino)pyrido[3,4-(l]pyri(laz in-l-yt)-5~metbylpbenoI (Compound 26B*) Scheme HA

Scheme 1 IB

[0617| Example 11 follows Protocol A.

[0618J Step 1. Into a 40mL vial were added chloro-M-cresol (3 g, 21 .04 mmol, 1 equiv), acetonitrile (20 mL), K2CO3 (8.72 g, 63.12 mmol, 3 equiv) and methyl iodide (Mel) (8.96 g, 63.12 mmol, 3 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 80°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with water (20mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (3 x 50mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (l x 20 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SOv After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluting with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (18:1) to afford l-chloro-3-methoxj'-5- methylbenzene (3.1 g, 94% yield). LCMS: RT= 1.04mm, m/z =157.0 [M+I-I]’.

[0619] Step 2. In a 100-mL three-round bottom flask, to a solution of l-chloro-3-methoxy-5- methylbenzene (3 g, 19.16 mmol, 1 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (THE) (5 mL) was added t-butyllithium solution (1.6 M in hexane, 20 mL, 1.7 equiv) by dropwise at -78°C under N ₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 1 h. Then a solution of triisopropvl borate (5.40 g, 28.73 mmol, 1.50 equiv) in THF (lOmL) was added by dropwise and the mixture was stirred at -20 °C for another 2 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with sat. NH4CI (10 mL), and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (2x30mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (30mL), dried over anhydrous NarSCL, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by Prep-TLC (petroleum ether/etbyl acetate 3: 1) to afford 2-chloro-6-methoxy-4- methylphenylboronic acid (780 mg, 20% yield). LCMS: RT = 0.78 min, m/z = 201.0 [M+H]*.

[0620] Step 3. Into a 8mL vial were added 2"CldorO“6-methoxy-4-metIiylphenylboronic acid (287.60 mg, 1.40 mmol, 4 equiv), dioxane (1.5 mL), II ₂ O (0.3 mL), Intermediate A* from Example 9 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1 equiv), NajCOs (114.06 mg, 1.08 mmol, 3 equiv) and [1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(Il), complex with dichloromethane (Pd(dppf) ₂ Cl ₂ CH2O2) (79.2 mg, 0.11 mmol, 0.3 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 80°C under N ₂ atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with water (5mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (3 x lOmL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (l x 10 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SCh. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversed-pbase flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile in Water, 10% to 50% gradient in 20 min; detector, UV 254 ran, to provide l-(2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-methylpbenyl)-N-[(3R)-5,5-dimethylox olan-3-yl]pyrido[3,4- d]pyridazin-4-amine (80 mg, 56% yield). LCMS: RT=1.01min, m/z =399.0 [M-Hp. ^S H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-<i 5 9.83 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, J= 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, HI), 7.12 - 7.01 (m, 3H), 5.00 - 4.87 (m, 1H), 4.30 - 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.87 - 3.70 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.39 - 2.26 (m, 1H), 2.06 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 3H). Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned. [06211 Step 4. Into a 8mL vial were added l-(2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-N-[(3R)-5,5- dimethyloxolan-3-yi]pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine (80 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1 equiv), DMSO (1 mL) and (ethylsulfanyl)sodium (168.69 mg, 2.01 mmol, 10 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at 120°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile in water, 10% to 40% gradient in 10 min; detector, UV 254/220 nm, to provide a erode product (70 mg, 90% purity), which was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (Column: Xselect CSH F-Phenyl OBD column, 19*250 mm, 5pm; Mobile Phase A: Water (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid), Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 20% B to 25% B in 8 min; Wave Length: 254 nm; RTl(min): 8 min; to provide Compound 26A* (25 mg, 25% yield). LCMS: RTi=1.08 min, m/z = 385.0 [M+Hp. ^S H NMR (400 MJ Iz, DMSO-Ps) 5 10.15 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H), 9.03 (s, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.26 - 4.17 (m, II I), 3.91 (m, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.10 - 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.38 (d, ./ 2.5 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (s, 3H). [h622| Step 5. Into a 8 mL vial was added Intermediate B* from Example 9 (80.0 mg, 0.29 mmol, 1 equiv), dioxane (0.5 mL), H ₂ O (0.1 mL), 2-chloro-6~methoxy-4-methyIphenylboronic acid (173 mg, 0.86 mmol, 3 equiv), Na2COs (91.3 mg, 0.86 mmol, 3 equiv) and [1,1 '- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dich]oropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane (PdtdppffiCL CH2O2) (63 mg, 0,09 mmol, 0.3 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at 60°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with water (5mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (3 x 20mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL) and dried over anhydrous NaiSOi. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography with the following conditions: column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, acetonitrile in water, 15% to 40% gradient in 20 min; detector, UV 220/254 nm. This resulted in l-(2-chloro-6-methoxy~4-methyiphenyl)-N-[(3S)-5,5-diinethylo xolan-3- yl]pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine (40.4 mg, 26% yield). LCMS, ESI: RT=0.73 min, m/z -399.0 i \1 1 H . H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-A ! 5 9.84 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, IH), 8.00 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, IH), 7.14 - 7.03 (m, 3H), 4.93 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, IH), 4.32 - 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.87 - 3.72 (m, 1H), 3.64 (d, J = 1 .0 Hz, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.39 - 2.21 (m, 1H), 2.08 - 1.86 (m, IH), i .36 (s, 3H), 1 .26 (s, 3H). Stereochemistry was arbitrarily assigned.

[0623| Step 6. Into a 8mL vial was added l-(2-chloro-6"methoxy"4-methylphenyl)-N-[(3S)-5,5" dimethyloxolan-3-ylJpyrido [3,4-d]pyridazin-4-amine (80 mg, 0,20 mmol, 1 equiv), dimethyl formamide (DMF) (1 mL) and (ethylsulfanyl)sodium (168.69 mg, 2,01 mmol, 10 equiv) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at 120°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with DMF (4rnL). After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The filtrate was purified by Prep- HPLC with the following conditions (2#SHIMADZU (HPLC-01)): Column, XBridge Prep Phenyl OBD Column, 19*250 mm, 5pm; mobile phase, water (10 mmoI/L NH4HCO3) and acetonitrile (30% up to 40% in 10 min); Detector, UV 220/254 nm, to provide Compound 26B* (20 mg, 20% yield). LCMS, ESI: RT=0.85 min, m/z =385.0 [M+H] ⁺ ; ’H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-A) 8 9.82 (s, IH), 8.93 (s, IH), 7.38 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, IH), 6.97 (s, IH), 6.81 (s, IH), 4.97 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, IH), 4.45 - 4.30 (m, IH), 4.06 - 3.91 (m, IH), 2.52 - 2.43 (m, IH), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.16 - 2.06 (m, IH), 1.46 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H).

Example 12. Biological Activity of the Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[6624] The biological activity of the compounds of the present disclosure was determined utilizing the assay described herein.

Human -whole blood NLRP3

[0625] Heparin lithium coated tubes were used to collect blood from volunteers. Blood samples were distributed on 96 well plates using 90 pl per well. Priming was performed by adding 5 ui of LPS (O26:B6; Sigma L-2654) at a final concentration of 1 pg/ml for 4.5 hours in a humidified incubator with 37 °C, 5 % CO2. Thirty minutes prior to NLRP3 activation, 5 pl of a 20X compound solution or vehicle (2% DMSO) was added to each well and plates were incubated on a shaker (450 rpm) in a humidified incubator with 37 °C, 5 % CO2. Activation was then performed by adding 3.3 ul of a 3 IX ATP solution per well. At the end of the 30 minutes stimulation, the plates were centrifuged (800 g, 10 min, room temperature) and the plasma from each well was frozen at -80 °C. IL- Ip levels in the supernatant were analyzed using a mesoscale discovery assay (MSD K151TUK) according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Human whole blood was drawn from healthy volunteers after obtaining written informed consent.

Brain levels (kp and kpu,u) -NLRP3

[0626] The in vivo total brain to plasma ratio was assessed in CD1 mice after oral administration of the compound. Blood was collected at several timepoints up to 24h, and transferred into plastic micro centrifuge tubes with EDTA-K2 as anticoagulant. Blood samples were centrifuged at 4000g for 5 minutes at 4°C to obtain plasma, then immediately frozen and stored at -75±15°C prior to analysis. Animals were terminally anaesthetized with a rising concentration of CO2 gas at about 1 minute. At selected timepoints, whole brains were removed from the skull, rinsed in cold PBS to remove blood, dried with clean gauze, then frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -75±15°C before analysis. At the time of analysis, brain samples were homogenized with PBS by tissue weight (g) to PBS volume (mL) ratio 1 :3. Plasma and brain drug levels were quantified by LC/MS/MS on a AB Sciex Triple Quad 5500-1- instrument, after separation on a HALO 160AES-C18, 2.7 pm 2.1x50mm column.

Quantitation was performed using a calibration curve prepared in blank plasma or blank brain homogenate. The software WinNonlin (Phoenix™) was used for pharmacokinetic analysis from the concentrations versus time date, including the AUCM and AUCi _6S t. The Kp ratio (total brain concentration over total plasma concentration) was calculated as (AUCtot,br)/(AUC _t ot,pi).

[0627J The unbound brain exposure was assessed as Kp _uu , which is the free brain/free plasma concentration ratio (C,., _Bf /C _u ,pi). The C _u wCu, _Pi ratios were obtained from in vivo total brain to plasma ratios (C tot/bi/C tot, pl) by using in vitro determined F _u>b r and F _u.pl .

[ 0628 ] Plasma protein binding and brain homogenate protein binding were measured by equilibrium dialysis in a HTDialysis plate. The dialysis membranes were soaked in ultrapure water for 60 minutes to separate strips, then in 20% ethanol for 20 minutes, finally in dialysis buffer for 20 minutes. The dialysis set up was assembled according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Each cell received 150 pL of plasma orbrain homogenate spiked with 1 mM of compound, and dialyzed against an equal volume of dialysis buffer (PBS). The dialysis plate was sealed and incubated in an incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2 at 100 rpm for 6 hours. At the end of incubation, compound concentration was measured in both chambers by LC-MS/MS on a Triple QuadTM 5500 from AB Inc after separation on a XSelect Hss T3 2.5p (2.1 *30 mm) column. Free fraction (Fu) was calculated as (Peak Area Ratio buffer chamber / Peak Area Ratio plasma chamber). [0629] Kpao was calculated as (AUCwr.br x F _a ,br)/ (AUCwr.pi x F^).

Activity data

[ 6630| Table D assigns each compound a code for potency in the human whole blood (hWB) NLRP3

Assay: A or B, According to the code, zk represents an IC50 value < 1.0 pM; B represents an IC% value >1.0 pM. The corresponding raw activity data is also included.

[06311 The below table also assigns each compound a code for kp and kpu,u values: A or B. According to the code, A represents a value of >0.3 and B represents a value of < 0.3. The kp values were calculated by measuring whole brain drug levels over 24h (AUC) in mice dosed at 20 mpk PO, and dividing by plasma AU C. The kpu,u was then calculated upon correcting this kp value with mouse plasma protein binding and mouse brain homogenates binding. A Kpu,u value >0.3 is brain penetrant, and Kpu,u value less than or equal to 0.3 is not brain penetrant. N.D. = not determined. The corresponding raw kp and kpu,u data is also included.

Comparative Examples

[0632| The compounds described in the present disclosure are useful for the treatment of NLRP3 proteins -mediated diseases and/or disorders and are structurally related to compounds previously disclosed in US Patent Application No. 17/528,928 as inhibitors of the same NLRP3 proteins. The brain levels of these active pliarmaceutical ingredients, however, were unexpected, and hence not contemplated in the US 17/528,928 application. Thus, tire unanticipated ability of the instant compounds 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*, 5, and 6 to penetrate the brain blood barrier constitutes a novel invention. [ 1)633] Furthermore, as shown in the above Table D, it is not obvious that inhibitors of NLPR3 proteins described in US Application No. 17/528,928 exhibit this unpredicted activity. The selected NLPR3 inhibitors of the instant disclosure were found to exhibit more potent brain-penetrant properties in a head-to-head comparison with compounds of the USSN 17/528,928 application similar in NLPR3 inhibitory activity in the blood as illustrated in Table D. By way of a clearer illustration in the above Table, Compounds 1 *, 2, 3*, 4*, 5, and 6 of the present disclosure exhibit unexpected “A” brain levels compared to Compound 7* (Comparative Example 1, Compound 89 of USSN 17/528,928) and Compound 8 (Comparative Example 2, Compound 96 of USSN 17/528,928), each of which exhibit “B" brain levels and are not brain penetrant, thereby making the compounds of the instant application more available to treatment of NLPR3-mediated CNS diseases.

[0634] It has also been further discovered that the solubility of compounds of Formula (I) may be improved by replacing an R ³ halogen moiety, such as a chloro group, with an Ci-C ₆ alkyl or Cs-Cs alkoxy group (wherein alkyl or alk- is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms) while still maintaining a Kpu,u of greater than 0.3. See, e.g. , below Table E. Compare, for example. the solubility in phosphate buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.4) of Comparative Example 3 (Compound 105 of USSN 17/528,928) having a chloro R ³ moiety, to Compounds 9*, 9B-, and 5: both Compound 9* and Compound 9B* result in a 7-fold increase in solubility moving from a chloro R ³ moiety to an -OCHF2 R ^J moiety; Compound 5 results in a 27-fold increase in solubility moving from a chloro R ³ moiety to an -CH; R ^J moiety; and each of which maintains good brain penetrance.

Incorporating a non-hydrogen group meta to the R ³ moiety of Compound 5, such as with Compound 21* (meta-fluoro moiety), Compound 26* (meta-chloro moiety), and Compound 24* (meta-CIty group) results in a further increase in solubility; compare Compound 21* (a 37-fold increase), Compound 26* (a 42-fold increase), and Compound 24* (a 43 -fold increase) to Comparative

Example 3. Compounds which are not brain penetrant but with improved properties, such as solubility, may be useful in the treatment of systemic (non-CNS) NLPR3 -mediated diseases.

EQUIVALENTS

[0635] The details of one or more embodiments of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying description above. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure, the desired methods and materials are herein described. Other features, objects, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the description and from the claims. In the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. All patents and publications cited in this specification are incorporated by reference.

[8636] The foregoing description has been presented only for the purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed, but by the claims appended hereto.