This invention relates to signal separation systems and, in particular, to a comb filter arrangement for separating the luminance and chrominance components of a digitized video signal at a reduced data rate.

Conventional television broadcast systems are arranged so that much of the brightness (luminance) information contained in an image is represented by signal frequencies which are concentrated about integral multiples of the horizontal line scanning frequency. In N.T.S.C. systems color (chrominance) information is encoded and inserted in a portion of the luminance signal spectrum around frequencies which lie halfway between the multiples of the line scanning frequency (i.e., at odd multiples of one-half the line scanning frequency).

Chrominance and luminance information can be separated by appropriately combing the composite signal spectrum. Known N.T.S.C. combing arrangements take advantage of the fact that the odd multiple relationship between chrominance signal components and half the line scanning frequency causes the chrominance signal components for corresponding image areas on successive lines to be 180° out of phase with each other. Luminance signal components for corresponding image areas on successive lines are substantially in phase with each other.

In a comb filter system, one or more replicas of the composite image-representative signal are produced which are time delayed from each other by at least one horizontal line scanning interval (a so-called one-H delay). The signals from one line are added to signals from a preceding line, resulting in the -cancellation of the chrominance components, while reinforcing the luminance components. By subtracting the signals of two successive lines (e.g., by inverting the signals of one line and then combining the two), the luminance components are cancelled while the chrominance components are reinforced. Thus, the luminance and chrominance signals

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may be mutually combed and thereby may be separated advantageously.

United States Patent Application Serial Number 405,165 in the names of A.R. Balaban and S.A. Steckler entitled "Low Frequency Digital Comb Filter System" filed August 4, 1982, describes comb filter arrangements suitable for comb filtering an NTSC composite video signal over an asymmetrical passband located about the color subcarrier frequency. The- asymmetrical passband includes the color signal information represented by modulated I and color mixture signals. The signal is modulated as a double sideband signal of the color subcarrier frequency, and extends from about 3.1 MHz to 4.1 MHz. The I signal is modulated as both a single and double sideband signal of the color subcarrier frequency, extending from about 2.1 MHz to 4.2 MHz. The comb filtered chrominance signals produced by the arrangements of this patent application thus contain all of the modulated color information of the NTSC signal.

However, it is also possible to reproduce a color television signal using only the double sideband modulated information of the I and signals, which extends from about 3.1 MHz to 4.2 MHz. The double sideband signals are usually processed and demodulated relative to the in-phase and quadrature phases of the color subcarrier signal, reproducing the (B-Y) and (R-Y) color difference signals. The embodiments of the aforementioned patent application are advantageous in that fewer storage locations are required for the one-H comb filter delay line than those used in prior art arrangements. By using the narrower passband of the (B-Y) and (R-Y) color difference signals, however, it has been discovered that an even greater reduction in the number of storage locations for the one-H comb filter delay line may be achieved. Furthermore, comb filter arrangements constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention may also provide a reduction in the

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co plexity of the clock signal circuitry required by the system.

In accordance with the principles of the present invention, signal separation systems are provided for separating frequency interleaved signal components of a video signal one of which is modulated as double sideband signals of a subcarrier frequency. A video signal is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter. The resultant signal samples are applied to a bandpass filter. The bandpass filter produces a filtered signal restricted to a given passband of the original video band over which the double-sideband-modulated component is modulated. The filtered information in the passband is comb-filtered by a comb filter operating on selected ones of the bandpass-filtered samples in response to a subsampling clock signal. The subsampling clock frequency is less than or equal to the subcarrier frequency. The comb filter comprises a shift register and a signal combining circuit. Comb-filtered samples, produced at the subsampling clock rate, correspond to one of the interleaved signal components.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 illustrates in block diagram form a comb filter arrangement constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, in which the one-H delay line of the comb filter is clocked at one-quarter the rate of the input video signal sample sequence;

FIGURE 2 shows response curves useful for explaining the operation of the embodiment of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 illustrates in block diagram form a second comb filter arrangement constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, in which the one-H delay line of the comb filter is clocked at one-fifth the rate of the input video signal sample sequence;

FIGURE 4 illustrates in block diagram form a third comb filter arrangement constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention in which the

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one-H delay line is used to comb filter two interleaved signal sequences at a reduced data rate;

FIGURE 5 illustrates in block diagram form a fourth comb filter arrangement constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, in which two one-H delay lines are clocked at one-tenth the rate of the input video signal sample sequence; .

FIGURE 6 illustrates in block diagram form a bandpass filter and comb filter arrangement suitable for use in the embodiment of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 7 illustrates in block diagram form an interpolator and output bandpass filter suitable for use in the embodiment of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 8 illustrates a clock signal generating arrangement suitable for providing necessary clock signals for the arrangements of FIGURES 6 and 7;

FIGURE 9 shows clock waveforms used to explain the operation of the clock signal generating arrangement of FIGURE 8;

FIGURES 10-12 show the signal contents at various points in the arrangements of FIGURES 6 and 7 during typical operating conditions; and

FIGURE 13 shows response characteristics of the arrangements of FIGURES 3-7.

Referring to FIGURE 1, a comb filter arrangement constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention is shown. An analog composite video signal is applied to the input of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 10. When the analog signal is an NTSC color signal, it contains interleaved luminance and chrominance components over the band extending from approximately 2.1 to 4.2 MHz. The full signal bandwidth conventionally extends from zero to 4.2 MHz. In FIGURE 1, the analog signal is sampled and converted to a sequence of digital words at a 4f rate by a 4F sampling signal, where f is the color subcarrier frequency. As used herein, clock signals are designated using upper-case letters (e.g. 4F ), and the frequency or sample rate of

signals is designated using lower-case letters (e.g.

4f SC) . In the NTSC system, the color subcarrier frequency is approximately 3.58 MHz, and 4fs_c_ is 14.32 MHz. By sampling and converting the analog signal to digital form at this rate and in a substantially constant phase relationship with the analog color burst signal, an ease in subsequent color demodulation and processing is afforded.

The sampled sequence, at the 4f rate, is applied to the input of a bandpass filter 12 and to the input of an equalizing delay 26. The bandpass filter 12 is clocked by the 4F SC sampling clock signal and exhibits a passband of approximately one MHz for an NTSC signal, extending from about 3.1 MHz to 4.16 MHz. This passband is symmetrically located about the color subcarrier frequency, and includes interleaved luminance and color difference signal [(R-Y) and (B-Y)] information. The output signal sequence of the bandpass filter 12 is at the 4f SC sample rate.

The equalizing delay 26 provides a delay for the composite video signal samples which matches the delay encountered by signal samples as they pass from the input of the bandpass filter 12 to the output of a bandpass filter 32.

The filtered signal samples produced by the bandpass filter 12 are subsampled by Cl and C2 samplers 14 and 16. The signal samples are subsampled at an f •_ ^* _)C_/2 rate (1.79 MHz in the NTSC system) in response to two differently phased sampling clocks φ.FS_C_/2 and φ. ₉ £FSC/2.

Samples at an fs _e c_/2 rate are produced by the samplers 14 and 16 and are interleaved in a single sequence by a sequencer 18. Samples are then produced ^* at the output of the sequencer 18 at an f rate.

The signal information contained in the original composite video signal is shown in FIGURE 2a. The video signal includes luminance (Y) information extending from zero to about 4.2 MHz. i color mixture signal information is interleaved with the luminance information from about

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2.1 to 4.2 MHz, and color mixture signal information is interleaved over the range from about 3.1 to 4.2 MHz. In the range from 3.1 to 4.2 MHz, the color mixture signal information is modulated as double sideband signals of the color subcarrier at 3.58 MHz. When the composite video signal is filtered by bandpass filter 12, a passband as shown in FIGURE 2b results, containing color difference signal information.

By reason of the subsampling of the bandpass filtered signals, replicas of the passband of FIGURE 2a are reproduced about multiples of the f SC subsampling frequency and harmonics thereof. FIGURE 2c illustrates the replication of passbands resulting from two differently phased 1.79 MHz subsampling signals. A passband 50 is replicated about a frequency of 1.79 MHz, and a passband 52 is replicated about 3.58 MHz. Baseband components are also produced in a passband 54 which extends about 0.58 MHz out from the zero frequency axis.

The signal samples produced by the sequencer 18 are applied to inputs of a one-H delay register 22 of FIGURE 1 and a subtractive combiner 24 of a comb filter 20. The output of the register 22 is coupled to a second input of the subtractive combiner 24. The register 22 is clocked by an f S rate clock signal (φ--.L+φ- £ _* )FSC, which is a combination of the two subsampling clock signals. Since the register 22 is clocked at the f rate, it requires approximately 227 stages for an NTSC signal. For an eight-bit signal, only 1816 storage locations are necessary for the one-H delay line. The comb filter combs the signals of the replicated passbands, and exhibits an output spectral response as shown in FIGURE 2d. The signal at the output of the subtractive combiner 24 may be lowpass filtered to eliminate all but the baseband comb filtered components in passband 54', which comprise demodulated color mixture signal components. These baseband components are then available for further color signal processing.

The output of the subtractive combiner 24 is coupled to the input of an interpolator 30, which interpolates intermediate signal values which are interspersed in the sequence to produce a 4f 5C rate sample sequence. This sample sequence is filtered by a bandpass, filter 32, which produces only information in passband 52' of FIGURE 2d at its output. The interpolator and bandpass filter may be combined in a single interpolating bandpass filter, using a technique to be described in conjunction with FIGURE 7 of the present application. Combed chrominance signals in the 3 to 4.16 MHz passband 52' are produced at the output of the bandpass filter 32 in a 4f SC rate sample sequence.

The combed chrominance signals are then subtractively combined with the input composite video signal samples by a subtractive combiner 28. The composite video signal samples are applied to the combiner 28 by an equalizing delay 26 to bring samples of the composite signal into time sequence with corresponding combed chrominance signal samples. The resultant comb filtered luminance signal produced at the output of subtractive combiner 18 is illustratively shown in FIGURE 2e, and is seen to be comb filtered over the one MHz color difference signal band.

Several principles of operation are inherent in the foregoing embodiment of the present invention. The A/D converter clock rate must satisfy the Nyquist criterion for the video signal bandwidth. For instance, if the video signal bandwidth is 4 MHz, the A/D converter clock rate must be at least 8 MHz. The Cl and C2 samplers must be clocked at a frequency which is at least equal to the bandwidth of the bandpass filter. I-f the passband of the bandpass filter is one MHz, for example, the samplers must each be clocked at a rate of at least one MHz. In addition, the sampler clocks must be at different phases of the sampler clock frequency for clock frequencies less than two MHz in this example. Any two different phases are satisfactory, except a 180° phase relationship, which

can only be used if the low frequency cutoff of the bandpass filter 12 passband is integrally related to the sampler clock frequency and to the passband. This means that if the bandpass filter passband extends from 2 MHz to

4 MHz, and the sampler clock frequency is 2 MHz, for instance, the sampler clocks may exhibit a 180° phase relationship. When this restriction is violated, undesirable harmonic components are created in the signal passbands. Finally, a bandpass filter 32 must follow the comb filter so that low frequency signal components, such as those contained in passbands 54' and 50' of FIGURE 2d, are not combined with the composite signal when the comb filter luminance signal is produced.

In FIGURE 3, a second comb filter arrangement, constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, is shown. Elements in FIGURE 3 which function substantially in the same manner as corresponding elements in FIGURE 1 bear the same reference numerals and will not be further described.

In FIGURE 3, the 4fsc rate filtered sample sequence at the output of the bandpass filter 12 is subsampled at a 4fsc/5 rate by a sampler 44. In the NTSC system, the 4F SC/5 subsampling clock frequency is approximately 2.86 MHz. Signal samples at this rate are applied to inputs of a one-H delay register 62 and the subtractive combiner 24 of a comb filter 60. The one-H delay register 62 delays the applied signal samples by the time interval of one horizontal television line and applies delayed signal samples to a second input of the subtractive combiner 24. For an NTSC signal, the ^* subtractive combiner 24 will produce comb filtered chrominance signal samples at the 4f SC/5 ^* rate. The one-H delay register 62 is clocked by the 4F /5 clock signal. Therefore, 182 delay stages are required to delay NTSC signal samples by the time of one horizontal line interval. For eight bit samples, this means that 1456 storage locations are needed for the delay register 62, compared with the 1816 storage locations required by delay

register 22 of FIGURE 1 for eight bit samples. Moreover, a horizontal line of signal samples comprises 910 samples for a 4fSc sampled NTSC signal. When this sequence is subsampled at an f _{sc 2} rate by the Cl and C2 samplers in

FIGURE 1, 227 samples are taken during every line. The extra half sample must be taken into consideration when designing the comb filter and its clock circuitry, necessitating a reversal of the phases of the subsampling clocks from line to line as described in the aforementioned U.S. patent application number (78334).

This requires relatively complex clock circuitry, as shown in that patent application. However, in the arrangement of FIGURE 3, exactly 182 samples are selected by the sampler 44 each horizontal line, and the subsampling and comb filter clocks therefore require no phase reversal from line to line. The clock signal circuitry required by the arrangement of FIGURE 3 is thus less complex than that required by the arrangement of FIGURE 1.

The 4fsc/5 rate combed chrominance signal samples produced by combiner 24 are applied to a resampler 46, which functions in the manner of the interpolator 30 of FIGURE 1 to fill in intermediate samples so as to produce a 4f rate sample sequence. This sample sequence is then bandpass filtered by filter 32 to produce comb filtered chrominance samples in the chroma passband. The comb filtered chrominance samples are then subtractively combined with the composite video signal samples to produce the comb filtered luminance signal.

The comb filter arrangement of FIGURE 4 is similar to that of FIGURE 3, except that the comb filter 60 includes two signal combiners which produce comb filtered chrominance signal samples and comb filtered luminance signal samples. The 4f SC/5 rate samples at the output of the sampler 44 are applied to inputs of the one-H delay register 62, the subtractive combiner 24, and an additive combiner 64. The output of the delay register 62 is coupled to the second inputs of combiners 24 and 64. Comb filtered chrominance signal samples are produced at

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the output of the subtractive combiner 24 at a 4fS_C_/5 rate. This sample sequence is increased to a 4f C rate by resampler 46, and is then filtered by bandpass filter 32. Comb filtered chrominance signal samples at the 4f C sample rate are produced at the output of the bandpass filter 32.

The additive combiner 64 combines delayed and undelayed samples to produce comb filtered luminance signal samples at a 4f S /5 rate. This sample sequence is ^' interpolated up to a 4f S rate by a second resampler 46'.

The interpolated sequence is then filtered by a bandpass filter 32' , which produces comb filter luminance signals over the same passband as that of the input bandpass filter 12. These high frequency, comb filtered luminance signal samples are then additively combined with complementary lowpass filtered and delayed composite-video signal samples to produce a reconstituted luminance signal which is comb filtered over the passband formerly occupied by the color difference signals. Additive combining circuit 68 will therefore exhibit an output response characteristic substantially as that shown in FIGURE 2e, with that portion of the response characteristic between zero and 3 MHz being provided by a lowpass filter 66, and that portion between 3 MHz and 4 MHz being contributed by the bandpass filter 32'.

The comb filter arrangement of FIGURE 5 is functionally similar to that of FIGURE 3. In FIGURE 5, the sampler 44 of FIGURE 3 is divided into two samplers 44a and 44b, which subsample the applied 4f rate sequence at respectively different phases φ, and of a 4F SC/10 rate subsampling signal. The differently phased subsampled sequences are applied to respective one-H delay registers 62a and 62b, and to inputs of respective subtractive combiners 24a and 24b. The outputs of the delay register are coupled to second inputs of the respective subtractive combiners. The combiners 24a and 24b produce comb filtered chrominance signal sample sequences at a 4f SC/10 rate. These two sequences are

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resampled by resampler 46 and interpolated up to the original 4f S sample rate. The 4fs rate sample sequence is filtered by bandpass filter 32 and subtractively combined with composite video signal samples to produce the comb filtered luminance signal sequence.

The arrangement of FIGURE 5 is shown in greater detail in the embodiment of FIGURES 6 and 7. In FIGURES 6 and 7, heavy lines represent clock signal lines and thin lines represent multibit data paths. In FIGURE 6, composite video signal samples at a 4f SC rate (14.32 MHz in the NTSC system) are applied to the input of bandpass filter 12, which comprises a 31-stage output tap-weighted finite impulse response (FIR) filter.

The FIR filter includes a thirty stage shift register 70 with stages labelled T.-T _Q , thirty-one coefficient weighting circuits 72 coupled to output taps of the shift register 70, and an adder tree 80 for combining the tap-weighted signals produced by the coefficient weighting circuits. Composite video signal samples are clocked through the shift register 70 by a 4F SC clock signal. Filtered output signals are produced at the output of the final adder tree adder 81, which exhibits a passband extending from approximately 2.98 MHz to 4.18 MHz. The filtered output sequence is at the 4f sample rate.

The sample sequence at the output of adder 81 is subsampled by phased clock signals F _2/10 and ^F _{ώ3 10} / which load signal samples into latches L,-, and L, ₂ - The latches L , and L, ₂ thus provide differently phased subsampled sequences at a 4f SC_/10 rate. The output of latch L.. is coupled to the input of a ninety-one stage shift register 62a and to the input of an adder 92. The output of the last stage Tg, of shift register 62a is coupled to the input of an inverting circuit 90, which inverts, or one's complements, all of the bits of the signal samples provided by shift register 62a. The one's complemented samples of the inverting circuit are applied to a second input of adder 92 which, together with a

"carry-in" bit Cl, set to one, accomplishes a two's complementing of the delayed signal samples for proper subtraction from the undelayed samples. The adder 92 thus produces comb filtered chrominance signal samples at a

4f _/10 rate. These samples are loaded into a comb filter output latch L. _1CF in response to a 4f /10 rate clock signal, F, _3/1Q _ Latch L, _1CF produces a comb filtered chrominance signal sequence C _ at one phase of the subsampling signal.

The output of latch L ₂ is similarly coupled to the input of a second comb filter shift register delay line 62b, also ninety-one stages in length. The output of latch L, ₂ is also coupled to an input of an adder 96. The delayed samples at the output of shift register 62b are one's complemented by an inverting circuit 94 and applied to a second input of adder 96 which, together with carry-in bit Cl equal to '1', subtractively combines the delayed and undelayed signal samples. Comb filtered signal samples at the output of adder 96 are loaded into a second comb filter output latch Lφ. _rι r., by a clock signal

F _4/1Q , which produces a 4f /10 rate comb filtered chrominance sample sequence C _ at a second phase of the subsampling signal.

The comb filtered sequences C - and C, ₂ produced by latches _ώlCF and L __ _F are applied to inputs of AND gates 102 and 104 of resampler 46 in FIGURE 7. When clock signal F . ,.„ is high, a sample of the C .. sample sequence is coupled through AND gate 102 to appear at the output of OR gate 106. When the differently phase clock signal F . _/lf) is high, a C, ₂ sample is gated through AND gate 104 and OR gate 106. At all other times zero value signals are produced at the output of OR gate 10-6.

The signal sequence at the output of OR gate 106, comprising zero value signals interposed among C., and C ₂ samples, is clocked into a shift register 170 of bandpass filter 32 by - ^* a 4fsc rate clock, 5fsc ^' . The bandpass filter 32 exhibits the same response characteristic as bandpass filter 12, and is constructed

in a similar manner. The bandpass filter 32 includes a thirty stage shift register 170, thirty-one coefficient weighting circuits 172 coupled to output taps of the shift register, and an adder tree 180 which combines the tap-weighted signals at the output of a final adder 181.

Since bandpass filter 32 is constructed in the same manner as bandpass filter 12, only a portion of its elements are shown in FIGURE 7 for ease of illustration.

The final adder 181 produces a comb filtered chrominance signal sample sequence in the chroma passband defined by the filter characteristic. This sample sequence is latched into a chrominance latch L _c by the

4Fsc clock signal, from which it is available for subsequent color signal demodulation and processing. The comb filtered chrominance signal is one's complemented by an inverting circuit 110 and applied to an adder 112 along with a carry-in bit Cl equal to '1' , which performs a two's complementing of the comb filtered chrominance signal for subtraction. The adder 112 also receives the composite video signal sample sequence by way of a delay equalizing shift register 26. The comb filtered chrominance signal is subtractively combined with the composite video signal to produce a comb filtered luminance signal sequence at the output of adder 112.

Circuitry for providing the clock signals for the comb filter system of FIGURES 6 and 7 is shown in FIGURE 8. The color burst signal of the composite analog video signal is gated by a burst gate 120 to a first ^• phase-locked loop 122. The phase-locked loop 122 produces an oscillatory signal F SC in phase and frequency synchronism with the color subcarrier signal represented by the color burst signal. A representative F signal is shown in FIGURE 9a. The F SC clock signal is applied to an input of a phase detector 132 of a second phase-locked loop 130. The phase detector 132 produces a control signal for an oscillator 134, which produces an oscillatory signal 4F at four times the color subcarrier frequency and in a substantially constant phase

relationship therewith. A 4F C signal is shown in FIGURE

9b. A complementary clock signal 4F SC_ is produced at the output of an inverter 138 in response to the 4F SC clock signal. The 4Fsc signal is divided down by a divide-by-four circuit 136, the output of which is coupled to the second input of the phase detector 132.

The 4F SC clock signal is applied to the input of a divide-by-ten circuit or decade counter 140, which produces an output pulse F, _1/1Q during every tenth cycle of the 4F SC clock signal, as shown in FIGURE 9c. The

F, , _/10 pulse sequence is applied to the data input of a D type flip-flop 142, which produces a delayed clock signal

^F Φ2/10 ^at *" ^ts ^ output as shown in FIGURE 9d. The F _ώ2 /ιo clock signal is applied to the data input of a second D type flip-flop 144, which produces a further delayed pulse sequence F. _3/ , _Q at its Q output as shown in FIGURE 9e. The F . ,.„ clock signal is applied to the data input of a third D type flip-flop 146, which produces a further delayed clock signal F _{ώ 10} at its output, as shown in FIGURE 9f. Flip-flops 142, 144, and 146, like the divide-by-ten circuit 140, are clocked in synchronism by the 4F clock signal.

The operation of the comb filter system of FIGURES 6 and 7 and the clock signal circuitry of FIGURE 8 is explained by referring concurrently to the timing diagrams of FIGURES 10, 11, and 12. These timing diagrams are drawn to the same time scale as the clock signal waveforms of FIGURE 9.

FIGURE 10a shows a portion of the composite video signal sample sequence at the input to the first stage t, of the shift register 70 of bandpass filter 12. Since the video signal is sampled at fou different phases relative to the color subcarrier signal F , the samples in FIGURE 10a are denoted φ, , φ_, φ_, φ , etc. When the video signal is an NTSC signal, a horizontal line will comprise 910 samples at the 4f SC sample rate. The last ten samples 901-910 of one line are representatively shown

in FIGURE 10a, and are followed by the first sixteen samples 1-16 of the succeeding horizontal television line.

Filtered signal samples are produced at the output of the FIR bandpass filter 12 of FIGURE 6 following the characteristic delay time of the filter. The delay time is the time required for a given sample to be clocked to the impulse response center of the filter at the output of shift register stage τ ₁₅ , and then to propagate through the coefficient weighting circuits 72 and the adder tree 80 to the output of the final adder 81. For purposes of illustration, it will be assumed that the coefficient weighting circuits each exhibit a propagation delay time of 66 nanoseconds, and that each adder in the adder tree 80 exhibits a propagation delay time of 40 nanoseconds. It may be seen that a signal at the output of each coefficient weighting circuit encounters five adder delays before it arrives at the output of the final adder 81. A delay τ,, equal to the propagation delay of one adder is coupled in the signal path at the output of shift register stage τ „ to equalize the propagation delay of that signal path to the delays of all other paths. Without the x _1A delay, this signal path would exhibit only four adder delays. Therefore, the propagation delay between each shift register tap and the output of adder 81 is the sum of 66 nanoseconds for the coefficient weighting circuit, plus five times 40 nanoseconds, or a total of 266 nanoseconds. The total delay of the bandpass filter 12 is then fifteen cycles of the 4F shift register clock, plus 266 nanoseconds, or approximately 18.8 cycles of the 4F SC clock in an NTSC system. In FIGURE 10b, it is seen that a sample _1F corresponding to φ. sample 901 of FIGURE 10a is produced at the output of adder 81 following a delay of 18.8 samples. Sample 901 of FIGURE 10b is seen to appear during the end of the time that sample 9 is applied to the input of the bandpass filter 12. A sequence of filtered samples as shown in FIGURE 10b is produced at the output of the final adder 81 in the illustrated time correspondence with the input sequence of FIGURE 10a.

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The filtered sample sequence at the output of adder 81 is loaded into subsampling latches L,., and L,^ by the F. _2/10 and F, _3/10 clock signals, respectively. The ^F ώ2/10 ^clock signal, shown in FIGURE 10c, loads the φ__ sample 901 into the L. → latch, the contents of which are shown in FIGURE lOd. Similarly, the F, _3/1Q clock signal shown in FIGURE lOe loads the φ _2F sample 902 into the L> ₂ latch as shown in FIGURE lOf. FIGURES lOd and lOf, which represent the subsampling latch contents, are reproduced in FIGURES lib and lid. The input sample sequence of FIGURE 10a is reproduced and continues as shown in FIGURE 11a.

The samples held in the L... and L., of FIGURE 6 latches are subtractively combined with samples taken one horizontal line earlier in adders 92 and 96. When adders

92 and 96 exhibit the same 40 nanosecond propagation delay as the previous adders, comb filtered samples appear at the output of the adders following this delay time as shown in FIGURES lie and lie. The comb filtered sample

Φ _1CF -901 at the output of adder 92 (FIGURE lie) is loaded into latch _A φ.lC _r F by ^J the F,3/ _/ -1. _n 0 clock sig ³ nal of FIGURE llf, as shown by the ., _™ latch contents of FIGURE llg.

Similarly, the comb filtered sample φ-^,^-902 at the output of adder 96 (FIGURE lie) is loaded into latch L _2CF by "the

^F _ώ 4/10 ^c -'- ^oc -^ signal of FIGURE llh, as shown by the latch

L _2CF contents of FIGURE Hi. Thus, FIGURE llg represents the sequence of samples of the C., signal, and FIGURE Hi represents the sequence of samples of the C ₂ signal.

The C ., and C ₂ signals are gated through the resampler 46 of FIGURE 7 by ^*• - the Fφ,.3./ ,1.0 _n and Fφ.4./,,1 _n 0 clock signals. During the duration of each pulse of the F . _/1Q clock signal of FIGURE llf, the latched C - signal of FIGURE llg appears at the output of OR gate 106. At the midpoint of the F. _3/1Q pulse, the positive-going edge of the _sc clock of FIGURE 11j loads the C . sample into stage τ^ of the shift register 170 of bandpass filter 32. The signal sequence at the output of stage τ _η of shift register 170 is shown in FIGURE Ilk. Similarly, during

the occurrence of an F _4/10 pulse of FIGURE llh, the C. ₂ sample shown in FIGURE Hi is produced at the output of OR gate 106 and is loaded into stage τ.-, during the next rising edge of the ^" 4F_„ clock signal. When pulses of the

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F _3/1Q and F _{ώ4 10} clocks are not present, the 4F _sc clock signal loads zero values into the shift register 170. Thus, the shift register 170 receives two comb filtered samples, such as φ _1CF -901 and φ ₂ _ _F -902, followed by eight zero value signal samples, as shown in FIGURE Ilk.

When the bandpass filter shift register 170 is loaded with the sample sequence of FIGURE Ilk, the filter will weight and combine the samples in the register so as to produce a 4f SC rate sequence with interpolated values filling in the zero value samples. The bandpass filter 32 thus not only filters the sample sequence, but also performs an interpolation function. Since bandpass filter

32 is constructed in the same manner as bandpass filter 12 of FIGURE 6, it exhibits the same filter delay of 18.8 cycles of the 4Fsc clock. Filtered samples will appear at the output of the final adder 181 as shown in FIGURE 11m, in time correspondence with the τ, stage sample sequence of FIGURE Ilk. The filtered sample sequence of FIGURE 11m is latched into the L _r c latch by the 4Fsc clock signal to produce the output sequence shown in FIGURE lln. The comb filtered chrominance sample sequence of FIGURE lln is redrawn in FIGURE 12b, in time correspondence with the original composite signal sample sequence of FIGURE Ha, which is redrawn in FIGURE 12a.

By comparing the sample sequences of FIGURES 12a and 12b, it may be seen that the chrominance sample sequence of FIGURE 12b is delayed by thirty-nine samples relative to the input sequence of FIGURE 12a. In order to bring the two sequences into time correspondence, the input sequence of FIGURE 12a must be delayed by thirty-nine cycles of the 4F clock. This is accomplished by taking the composite video signal sample sequence at the output of stage τ _Q of bandpass filter shift register 70 of FIGURE 6 and delaying this sequence

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by an additional nine 4FSC clock cycles in shift register

26 of FIGURE 7. This will bring the composite video signal samples into time correspondence with samples of the comb filtered chrominance signal at the inputs to adder 112. The adder 112 will produce a comb filtered luminance signal sample sequence as shown in FIGURE 12c (which does not take the propagation delay of adder 112 into consideration) .

An advantage of the arrangement of FIGURES 6 and 7 resides in the low number of stages required for the comb filter shift registers 62a and 62b. Each shift register is only, ninety-one stages long, and is clocked by a 4f /10 rate clock signal. For instance, in the NTSC system, the 4F SC clock has a frequency of approximately

14.32 MHz. The comb filter shift registers are then each clocked at a 1.432 MHz rate. The comb filter clocks have a cycle time of approximately .698 microseconds which, when multiplied by ninety-one, results in a 63.55 microsecond delay, the time interval of one horizontal line in the NTSC system. By reason of the restricted bandwidth of the bandpass filter 12, samples at the rate of two every .698 microseconds by latches L .. and L ₂ are sufficient to comb filter the signal at the low clock frequency, then to recreate the original 4f rate sequence through interpolation in the interpolating bandpass filter 32. Finally, by taking two samples of every ten of the 910 sample line sequence, no phase reversal of the sampling clocks is necessary from line to line, which is required in the embodiments of FIGURE 1 and the aforementioned (RCA 78334) U.S. patent application to align in time vertically aligned samples from one line to another.

The comb filter arrangements of FIGURES 3-7 of the present invention exhibit response characteristics as depicted in FIGURE 13. As discussed above, the composite video signal in the NTSC system includes luminance information over a range of zero to approximately 4.2 MHz, with I color mixture signal information interleaved over

the range of about 2.1 to 4.2 MHz and Q color mixture signal information interleaved in the range of about 3.1 to 4.1 MHz. The I and Q signals are double sideband modulated signals of the 3.58 color subcarrier in the range of 3.1 to 4.1 MHz, as shown in FIGURE 13a.

When the composite video signal of FIGURE 13a is applied to the bandpass filter 12, only the band from about 2.98 MHz to 4.18 MHz is passed, as shown in FIGURE 13b. The subsampling of the bandpass filtered signal by the 4F _sc /5 clock of FIGURES 3 and 4, or the two 4F _gc/10 clocks of FIGURES 5 and 6, causes a replication of spectra about the subsampling frequency (2.864 MHz or 1.432 MHz, .respectively) and harmonics thereof, as shown in FIGURE 13c. The comb filtering process effectively comb filters all of the spectra simultaneously. The spectral repeats of FIGURE 13c must be bandpass filtered after comb filtering and interpolation so that only the original spectrum between 2.98 MHz and 4.18 MHz is left to be subtractively combined with the composite signal to comb filter the luminance signal over the 2.98 MHz to 4.18 MHz passband.