SAFETY HELMET

The present invention relates to a Safety Helmet.

BACKGROUND

Safety helmets such as those used in emergency services such as by firefighters are often used. They have certain design standards that need to be met to ensure sufficient protection to the head of the wearer is provided. Helmets when worn, may be subjected to adverse conditions and contaminants that may damage of contaminate parts of the helmet. Helmets often need repair or decontamination and this can be a time consuming and/or expensive process. Helmets may comprise of many components that may need replacement or decontamination and their dis-assembly can require tools and take time to achieve.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a safety helmet that will overcome at least some of the above disadvantages or to at least provide the public with a useful choice.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

In a first aspect the present invention may be said to broadly consist in a protective helmet comprising: a. a helmet shell, b. an inner assembly comprising of: i. a halo secured to the shell and positioned to locate about the head circumference of a wearer, intermediate of the head of the wearer and the shell, and ii. a sub assembly of

(a) a shock absorber panel located in use intermediate the shell and the head of the wearer over at least part of the crown and of the head of the wearer and extending downwardly from the crown, the shock absorber panel comprising of plurality of interconnected discrete spaced apart shock absorbing elements to, in concert, reduce transfer of shock forces encountered by the shell to the head of the wearer,

(b) framing, secured to the halo and extending from the halo to the shock absorber panel to releasably secure the shock absorber panel to the halo,

(c) a head harness to, in use, locate to the head of the wearer and anchored to the framing.

Preferably a liner is registered inside the helmet shell and intermediate of the helmet shell and the shock absorber panel.

Preferably the helmet shell provides coverage over the head of the wearer from the crown downwardly.

Preferably the helmet shell provides coverage over the head of the wearer of areas A & B as described in AS/NZS 4067:2012 and EN443:2008.

Preferably the helmet shell is liquid impervious.

Preferably the helmet shell is moulded.

Preferably the helmet shell is a one piece moulding.

Preferably the helmet shell is unitary.

Preferably the helmet shell is impact resistant to a standard of EN443:2008

Preferably the helmet shell is penetration resistant to a standard of EN443:2008

Preferably the helmet shell is heat resistant to a standard of NFPA 1971 :2008

Preferably the helmet shell comprises extensive over its shape an impact resistant material selected from one of: i. a plastic material, ii. poly-carbonate, iii. co-moulded poly-carbonates, iv. polyamide, v. resin infused polyaramid, vi. resin infused Kevlar™, vii. resin infused fibreglass viii. resin infused carbon fibre, ix. a laminated assembly of any one or more of the above, and x. a laminate sandwich assembly of anyone of more of the above involving a foamed material (such as but not limited to Divinycell™) as the sandwiched material.

Preferably the resin is an ester or epoxy resin.

Preferably the liner is a cap located intermediate of the helmet shell and the inner assembly.

Preferably the liner is registered to the inner side of the helmet shell and spans substantially parallel the helmet shell.

Preferably the liner is registered to the inner side of the helmet shell and spans at least 70 % of and substantially parallel the helmet shell.

Preferably the liner is of a rigid construction.

Preferably the liner is sandwiched between the inner assembly and the helmet shell.

Preferably the liner is registered due to pressure applied between the inner assembly (preferably the halo) and shell.

Preferably the liner has a pop in-out fit relationship with the helmet shell.

Preferably the liner comprises a layer of foam.

Preferably the liner comprises a layer of polyurethane foam.

Preferably the liner provides thermal insulation from heat external of the helmet shell for the head of the wearer.

Preferably the liner is able to attest elements that may penetrate through the helmet shell.

Preferably the liner is able to absorb impact forces received to the helmet shell.

Preferably the liner comprises of a lining presented at its inner side.

Preferably the lining is plastic.

Preferably the lining is a thin plastic layer.

Preferably the lining is of a vacuum formed plastic.

Preferably the lining is secured (such as adhered) to the layer of foam.

Preferably the lining is air impervious. Preferably the halo is releasably secured to the shell.

Preferably the halo comprises of a halo band.

Preferably the halo band is located about the head of the wearer in use.

Preferably the halo band is located intermediate of the head of the wearer and the helmet shell inside the helmet shell.

Preferably the halo band comprised of at least 2 and at least 3 and preferably 4 arch members.

Preferably the arch members are able to releasably connect together.

Preferably the arch members are able to releasably connect together using mechanical fastening.

Preferably the mechanical fastening comprises of snap or interference fit fastening or penetrative fasteners or both.

Preferably the arch members when connected together define a rigid halo band as a structural component from which the subassembly depends.

Preferably the halo band is made of Technyl Techstar PA66 Nylon.

Preferably the halo band is made of 15 - 30% Glass filled PA66 Nylon.

Preferably the halo comprises of anchor members secured to the halo band at spaced apart locations.

Preferably the halo comprises of anchor members releasably secured to the halo band at spaced apart locations mechanically by way of: a. Snap or interference fit, b. Penetrative fasteners, or c. Both.

Preferably the anchor members project from the halo band to present fastening regions at where the anchor members can connect and be fastened to the helmet shell.

Preferably the anchor members project from the halo band to present fastening regions at where the anchor members are connected and fastened to the helmet shell.

Preferably the anchor members releasably secure to the shell at least 2 spaced apart locations. Preferably the anchor members releasably secure to the shell at least 2 spaced apart locations using mechanical fasteners.

Preferably the anchor members releasably secure to the shell at least 2 spaced apart locations using mechanical fasteners comprising of:

(a) Snap or interference fit,

(b) Penetrative fasteners, or

(c) Both.

Preferably the anchor members are of PA6 Nylon.

Preferably the anchors provide shock impact absorbing capacity whilst keeping the liner in the helmet at the correct height and orientation.

Preferably there are two side anchors and one rear anchor.

Preferably there are two side anchors and one rear anchor each fastened with a machine screw into a brass threaded insert, the rear retainer is a snap interference fit.

Preferably the halo proves a frame that can be removed from the helmet Shell.

Preferably the halo provides crush resistance to a lateral crush force applied to the helmet shell.

Preferably the crush resistance provided is a defined by one of both of standards: AS/NZS 4067:2012 and EN443:2008.

Preferably in concert the helmet shell and the halo act to improve the crush resistance of the helmet shell.

Preferably the helmet can resist lateral (sideways) and longitudinal (lengthwise) crushing at a force of 630 Kilonewtons. The helmet cannot deform more than 40mm total or 15mm residual (after crushing)

Preferably the helmet will deform no more than 40mm total during and 15mm residual after crushing sideways or lengthwise with crushing at a force of 630 Kilonewtons.

Preferably the halo is a structural member that in concert with the helmet shell increased the crush resistance of the helmet compared to if there was no halo provided.

Preferably the subassembly can be repeatedly released from and coupled to the halo.

Preferably the subassembly can be repeatedly released from and coupled to the halo band. Preferably the shock absorber panel is of unitary construction or assembled from at least two sub panels.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is concave in shape in use.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is formed from a flat precursor.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is located on the inner side of the helmet shell.

Preferably the shock absorber panel provides for a reduction of the effect of an impact on the helmet shell to the wearers head.

Preferably the shock absorber panel absorbs energy from an impact onto the helmet shell.

Preferably the shock absorber panel spread the load of any impact energy encounter by the helmet shell.

Preferably the shock absorber panel comprises of a plurality discrete spaced apart shock absorbing elements connected together by live hinge elements.

Preferably the shock absorbing elements are made of a flexible material.

Preferably the shock absorbing elements are made of elastically flexible material.

Preferably each shock absorbing element comprises of a cup having an open top and side walls extending to a base defining the cup containment region.

Preferably the open top in use is presented to the liner.

Preferably the open top is able to be sealed against the liner.

Preferably the open top is able to be sealed in an airtight manner against the liner. In this manner air pockets in the cups are able to be trapped and provide the cup with a higher resistance to compression.

Preferably the open top is sealed in an airtight manner against the liner when the shock absorbing element is pressed against the liner (eg against the lining).

Preferably when pressed against the liner air in the cup is compressed.

Preferably the cups can compress in the mouth to base direction.

Preferably the cups can compress in the mouth to base direction to act as a compressive spring. Preferably the cups can compress in the mouth to base direction to act as a compressive spring, the resistance to compression being greater when the mouth is sealed to the liner.

Preferably the cups are tri-spoke in cross sectional shape between the mouth opening and base.

Preferably the cups are hollow.

Preferably the cups are between 16mm and 18mm deep

Preferably the elements are interconnected.

Preferably the elements are interconnected by live hinges.

Preferably the elements are in a matrix formation and spaced apart from each other.

Preferably the elements are spaced apart from each other to allow airflow between the elements to help keep head of wearer cool.

Preferably the elements create a gap between the liner and the head of the wearer to allow airflow between to help keep head of wearer cool.

Preferably over the extent that the elements are provided at approximately 3000 elements/M ^A 2

Preferably when an impact force is received to the helmet skin, the elements are able to slide across the lining or the liner.

When so sliding across the lining or the liner energy is absorbed by the elements.

Preferably when an impact force is received to the helmet skin, the elements are able to press against the lining or the liner and absorb emery in a shear force like manner.

Preferably the mouth openings of the elements and the live hinges are aligned with each.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is of a moulded material such as but not limited to DuPont Hytrel™ 3078.

Preferably the framing is releasably secured to the halo.

Preferably the framing is releasably connected to the halo band.

Preferably the framing is releasably connected to the halo band using a connector arrangement. Preferably the connector arrangement is a twist and lock connector arrangement.

Preferably there are at least two and preferably 3 and preferably 6 spaced apart connector arrangements.

Preferably the connector arrangements are twist/lock connections to allow repeatable removal of the sub-assembly for cleaning.

Preferably the twist and lock arrangements are to the North American NFPA 1971 standard for a 45 kN pull force on each of the fixture points.

Preferably the twist and lock arrangement is a bayonet mechanism.

Preferably the framing connects the shock absorber panel to the halo.

Preferably the framing connects the shock absorber panel to the halo in a releasable manner.

Preferably the framing connects the shock absorber panel to the halo in a releasable manner using a mechanical connector such as a hook and eyelet.

Preferably the framing connects the shock absorber panel to the halo in a releasable manner at at least 4 and preferably 8 contact points.

Preferably the framing comprises of at least one frame member.

Preferably there are two frame members each secured to the halo and on each side of the head when in use.

Preferably the frame members are two frame halves.

Preferably the frame members don't connect to each other.

Preferably the frame members independently connect to the shock absorber panel.

Preferably the frame members are independently connected to the shock absorber panel so that the shock absorber panel can conform as best possible to the unique shape of each wearers head - helping ensuring comfort.

Preferably the framing is of a Nylon such as ST801.

Preferably the framing is of a Nylon such as ST801 - impact modified Nylon for improved flexibility and durability after high heat exposure.

Preferably the framing is of a resiliently flexible material and shape.

Preferably the framing is of a wire frame or exoskeletal shape. Preferably the head harness is releasably anchored to the framing.

Preferably the head harness is releasably anchored at least 3 and preferably 4 spaced apart locations to the framing.

Preferably the head harness is anchored in a position adjustable manner to the Framing.

Preferably the head harness is anchored preferably releasably at preferably 4 spaced apart locations to the framing,

Preferably the head harness is adjustable in circumference to help provide a snug fit to the head of the wearer.

Preferably the head harness includes a Brow strip.

Preferably the brow strips are snap fit removable for the purposes of removal and cleaning or disposal.

Preferably the head harness does not have chin strap coming off it.

Preferably the head harness is connected to the framing using connectors.

Preferably the head harness to framing connector interface allow multiple positional settings of the head harness at each connector.

Preferably the head harness to framing connector interface comprises of a ladder shape connector.

Preferably the head harness is height adjustable relative the framing.

Preferably a comfort pad is proved to the shock absorber panel to in use locate between the head of the wearer and the panel.

Preferably a chin strap is proved to help secure the helmet to the head of the wearer.

Preferably the chin strap is secured to the halo.

Preferably the chin strap is releasably secure to the halo.

Preferably the chin strap is releasably secure to the halo band.

Preferably the chin strap is releasably secure to the halo utilising a snap fit arrangement.

Preferably the chin strap is releasable for the halo without the use of a tool or tools or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver. Preferably a visor is provided.

Preferably the visor is an eye protector.

Preferably the visor is pivotally mounted by the halo.

Preferably the visor is releasable mounted to the halo.

Preferably the visor is releasable mounted and releasable from the halo without the need to use tools or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver.

Preferably the visor can move between a stowed higher condition and a deployed lower condition.

In the stowed condition the visor is preferably not presented in the field of vision of the wearer.

In the deployed condition the visor is preferably presented over the eyes of the wearer.

In the stowed condition the visor is held in the stowed condition by a catch.

Preferably the catch prevents the visor from rotation down to the deployed condition.

Preferably the catch is able to release from the visor, allowing the visor to rotate down, by virtue of the visor being pushed upwardly.

Preferably an arm extends from the halo band to position the catch.

Preferably the arm is removable from the halo band.

Preferably the arm is removable from the halo band without the use of a tool or tools or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver.

Preferably the arm is provided at the front of the head of the wearer.

Preferably a second visor is provided.

Preferably the second visor is a face shield /guard afford a larger area of protection to the face of the wearer.

In a second aspect the present invention may be said to be a shock absorber panel for a helmet to locate in use intermediate a helmet shell and the head of the wearer over at least the Crown of the head of the wearer, the shock absorber panel comprising of plurality of interconnected discrete spaced apart shock absorbing elements to, in concert, reduce transfer of shock forces encountered by the shell to the head of the wearer.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is of unitary construction or assembled from at least two sub panels.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is concave in shape in use.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is formed from a flat precursor.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is located on the inner side of the helmet shell.

Preferably the shock absorber panel provides for a reduction of the effect of an impact on the helmet shell to the wearers head.

Preferably the shock absorber panel absorbs energy from an impact onto the helmet shell.

Preferably the shock absorber panel spread the load of any impact energy encounter by the helmet shell.

Preferably the shock absorber panel comprises of a plurality discrete spaced apart shock absorbing elements connected together by live hinge elements.

Preferably the shock absorbing elements are made of a flexible material.

Preferably the shock absorbing elements are made of elastically flexible material.

Preferably each shock absorbing element comprises of a cup having an open top and side walls extending to a base defining the cup containment region.

Preferably the helmet comprises a liner intermediate of the helmet shell and the shock absorber panel.

Preferably the open top is able to be sealed against the liner.

Preferably the open top is able to be sealed in an airtight manner against the liner. In this manner air pockets in the cups are able to be trapped and provide the cup with a higher resistance to compression.

Preferably the open top is sealed in an airtight manner against the liner when the shock absorbing element is pressed against the liner (eg against the lining).

Preferably when pressed against the liner air in the cup is compressed.

Preferably the cups can compress in the mouth to base direction. Preferably the cups can compress in the mouth to base direction to act as a compressive spring.

Preferably the cups can compress in the mouth to base direction to act as a compressive spring, the resistance to compression being greater when the mouth is sealed to the liner.

Preferably the cups are tri-spoke in cross sectional shape between the mouth opening and base.

Preferably the cups are hollow.

Preferably the cups are between 16mm and 18mm deep

Preferably the elements are interconnected.

Preferably the elements are interconnected by live hinges.

Preferably the elements are in a matrix formation and spaced apart from each other.

Preferably the elements are spaced apart from each other to allow airflow between the elements to help keep head of wearer cool.

Preferably the elements create a gap between the liner and the head of the wearer to allow airflow between to help keep head of wearer cool.

Preferably over the extent that the elements are provided there approximately 3000/m ^A 2.

Preferably when an impact force is received to the helmet skin, the elements are able to slide across the lining or the liner.

When so sliding across the lining or the liner energy is absorbed by the elements.

Preferably when an impact force is received to the helmet skin, the elements are able to press against the lining or the liner and absorb emery in a shear force like manner.

Preferably the mouth openings of the elements and the live hinges are aligned with each.

Preferably the shock absorber panel is of a moulded material such as but not limited to DuPont Hytrel™ 3078. In a further aspect the present invention may be said be a shock absorber panel as herein described or as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings or as herein shown in the accompanying drawings.

In a further aspect the present invention may be said be a protective helmet as herein described or as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings or as herein shown in the accompanying drawings.

Other aspects of the invention may become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As used herein the term "and/or" means "and" or "or", or both.

As used herein "(s)" following a noun means the plural and/or singular forms of the noun.

The term "comprising" as used in this specification [and claims] means "consisting at least in part of". When interpreting statements in this specification [and claims] which include that term, the features, prefaced by that term in each statement, all need to be present but other features can also be present. Related terms such as "comprise" and "comprised" are to be interpreted in the same manner.

The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited above and below, if any, are hereby incorporated by reference.

This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more of said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.) In this specification, where reference has been made to external sources of information, including patent specifications and other documents, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the present invention.

Unless stated otherwise, reference to such sources of information is not to be construed, in any jurisdiction, as an admission that such sources of information are prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.

For the purposes of this specification, the term "plastic" shall be construed to mean a general term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products, and generally consisting of a hydrocarbon-based polymer.

For the purpose of this specification, where method steps are described in sequence, the sequence does not necessarily mean that the steps are to be chronologically ordered in that sequence, unless there is no other logical manner of interpreting the sequence.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a rear perspective view of the helmet,

Figure 2 is a front perspective view of the helmet,

Figure 3(a) is an exploded view of some of the components of the helmet to be located inside the helmet shell,

Figure 3(b) is a sectional view laterally through the helmet shell to show the position of the liner,

Figure 3(c) is a sectional view longitudinally through the helmet showing the position of the liner,

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the inner assembly, or part of the inner assembly,

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the halo,

Figure 6 is an alternative perspective view of the halo

Figure 7 is an exploded view of the components of the halo, Figure 8 is a bottom perspective view of the helmet,

Figure 9 is an exploded view of the inner sub-assembly and the halo,

Figure 10 shows the halo and the inner sub-assembly together,

Figure 11(a) is a bottom perspective view of the halo and the inner sub-assembly connected together,

Figure 11 (b) is a view of a frame part,

Figure 12 is an exploded view of an anchor region for the frame with the halo, Figures 13-14 are perspective views of the male bayonet member, Figure 15 is a frame view of a shock absorber panel,

Figure 16(a) is a perspective view of the shock absorber panel,

Figure 16(b) is a close up view of part of the shock absorber panel,

Figure 17 shows the shock absorber panel in a three dimensional configuration,

Figure 18 is an alternative perspective view of Figure 17,

Figure 19 shows a shock absorber panel and the liner,

Figure 20(a) shows the head band and the frame/shock absorber panel in an exploded condition,

Figure 20(b) shows the assembly of Figure 20(a),

Figure 21 is a perspective view of part of the inner sub-assembly,

Figure 22 is a perspective view of part of the inner sub-assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to the above drawings, in which similar features are generally indicated by similar numerals, there is shown in figure 1, a helmet 1000. The helmet 1000 may be of a kind suitable for use by emergency service personnel such as but not limited to firefighters.

The helmet is able to be worn on the head of a person and provide protection for the head against impingements such as impact forces, objects, heat and liquids.

A primary consideration in the invention of the helmet herein described, is an ability to clean the helmet thoroughly. There is a far greater awareness of wellbeing now than there was historically where protection was only considered for the here and now. The possibility of long term health damage through exposure to carcinogens, asbestos, PFAS and similar is recognised by the majority of emergency agencies and their staff. The ability to clean a helmet quickly, reduced the time it is out of service.

The helmet 1000 comprises of a helmet shell 100. The helmet shell 100 is the first line of defense for protection for the head of the wearer. The helmet shell 100 is of a size and shape to allow for the head of wearer to locate on the inner side 106 of the helmet shell 100.

When the helmet shell is being worn the helmet shell 100 will cover a substantial part of the head of the wearer. Such substantial parts include the back of the head the side of the head and the forehead of the wearer.

The helmet shell 100 has a general back region 101, two side regions 102a and 102b, a front region 103, and a top region 104. The helmet shell has an opening 105 via which the head of the wearer can partially pass to locate part of the head on the inner side 106 of the helmet shell 100.

The helmet shell is desirably liquid impervious. The helmet shell is preferably of an impact resistant construction. It may be constructed to a standard of EN443:2008

The helmet shell is desirably penetration resistant. This may be to a standard of EN443:2008

Preferably the helmet shell provides a barrier to heat from outside the helmet for the head of the wearer.

The helmet shell is preferably heat resistant to a standard of NFPA 1971 :2018

The helmet shell is preferably made from an impact resistance material. The material may for example may be a plastic material, poly-carbonate, co-moulded poly-carbonates, polyamide, resin infused polyaramid, resin infused Kevlar™, resin infused fibreglass, resin infused carbon fibre, a laminated assembly of any one or more of the above, and a laminate sandwich assembly of anyone of more of the above involving a foamed material (such as but not limited to Divinycell™) as the sandwiched material.

The helmet shell 100 may be moulded. The helmet shell 100 is preferably molded from a moldable material or materials. In the most preferred from the helmet shell comprises of Kevlar and an ester or epoxy resin.

The helmet shell 100 is substantially of a thin walled construction. The thickness of the helmet shell may be substantially even over its coverage. The inner side 106 is substantially concave.

The helmet shell 100 may be of a smooth exterior, or alternatively, and as seen in the figures, the helmet shell may be of a profiled or contoured shape. The profiling and contouring provided is at least partially for the purposes of enhancing the strength of the helmet in a crush situation. The helmet shell may be coated to provide appropriate colouring and/or indicia.

On the inner side 106 of the helmet shell 100 are components of the helmet provided for additional head protection, safety and/or comfort for the wearer of the helmet. These components will now be described. Figure 3 is an exploded view of at least some of the components of the helmet 1000. It shows a liner 200. The liner 200 is located on the inner side 106 of the helmet shell 100.

The liner 200 is preferably substantially of a layer of foam having an outer side 201 and an inner side 202. The outer side 201 is substantially convex, whereas the inner side 202 is substantially concave. The outer side 201 is preferably of a shape to snugly locate adjacent the helmet shell 100. In a preferred form, the liner 200 is able to snugly register to the helmet shell 100 on the inner side 106 of the helmet shell. The liner 200 is near co-extensive to the helmet shell 100. The liner 200 is slightly smaller in extensiveness compared to the helmet shell, so that the liner does not protrude from the opening of the helmet shell 100.

The liner 200 is preferably made of a foam material. The liner 200 is primarily made from a polyurethane foam material and may also include a lining 203 at its inner side 202. The lining 203 may be of a different material to the foam. The lining may, for example, be a thermo-formed plastic that is preferably co-extensive to the inner side 202 of the liner 200. Preferably the lining is secured (such as adhered) to the layer of foam. Preferably the lining is air impervious and is preferably of a smooth inner face side.

The liner 200 is provided preferably as a second line of defence for absorbing impact forces that may be received on the helmet shell, to help reduce the transfer of those forces to the head of the wearer. The liner 200 is also able to arrest objects penetrating through the helmet shell to help avoid such objects from reaching the head of the wearer. This may happen in the case of an explosion where 'shrapnel' may impact on to the helmet.

The liner 200 also helps reduce the transfer of heat from outside the helmet shell to the head of the wearer. The liner acts as a thermal insulator. The liner 200 can absorb some of the heat at least for a sufficient duration to insulate the head of the wearer from heat. The liner is of a thicker construction than the helmet shell. Its thickness may vary and it is preferably thicker in the middle than at its periphery.

A halo 300 is provided as seen in Figure 3A. The halo 300 preferably comprises of a halo band 301. The halo band 301 is provided to extend about the head of the wearer. It preferably extends around the circumference of the head of the wearer. The halo band 300 is of a size and shape to comfortably fit about the head of the wearer preferably without making contact with the head of the wearer. The halo band is located on the inner side 106 of the helmet shell and preferably does not protrude from out of the opening 105 of the helmet shell.

The halo band 301 carries halo anchors 302. In a preferred form, there are two side halo anchors 302(a) and 302(b), and a rear halo anchor 302(c). The halo anchors are either integrally formed with the halo band 301 or are, and in a preferred form, removably attached to the halo band 301. The removable attachment may be by way of a mechanical fastener 303, as seen, for example, in Figure 4. The mechanical fastener may, for example, be a machine screw or bolt. Alternative or additional manners in which the halo anchors may be attached to the halo band may include a snap fit or interference fit mechanism.

The halo anchors 302 each have at least one anchor region 304. The anchor regions of the side halo anchors 302(a) and 302(b) are anchor regions 304(a) and 304(b), and preferably include an aperture through which a mechanical fastener can pass to be secured to a respective anchor point of the helmet shell.

In a preferred form, the side halo anchors 302(a) and 302(b) each have only one anchor region 304(a) and 304(b) respectively. The rear halo anchor 302(c) may have two anchor regions 304(c) through which a penetrative fastener such as a machine screw can pass for securing the rear halo anchor to the helmet shell. Preferably a machine screw screws into a brass threaded insert for the side anchors and the rear anchor is secured to the halo band using a snap interference fit. The anchors 302 perform some shock impact duties whilst helping keep the liner in the helmet at the correct height and orientation. Figures 3B and 3C show the liner 200 in black block colour.

Figure 5 and 6 show the halo 300 on its own. As seen in figure 7 the halo 300 preferably comprises of a plurality of parts. Already discussed are the halo anchors 302. The halo band itself preferably comprises of two and as shown in figure 7 preferably 4 halo arches 305a, 305b, 305c, and 305d. The arches 305a and 305c are positioned, when in use, at the side of the head of the wearer. The arch 305d is located at the forehead of the wearer whereas the arch 305b will be located at the rear of the head of the wearer.

The arches are able to be connected to each other to define the halo band 301. They may be connected as a one time connection, with an ability to replace or repair the halo band as and when required or desired. In a preferred form and as can be seen in figure 7, a snap fit or snap lock arrangement is provided at the interface of the adjacent halo arches. A tab and catch arrangement may be provided to allow for a toolless (or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver) separation of the arches from each other. The arches when engaged and connected together define a sustainably rigid halo band. This is provided for by the shape and configuration of the halo arches and the manner in which they are connected together.

Providing a halo band 301 by way of a plurality of halo arches, allows for the halo band to be disassembled. This may be desirable for the purposes of replacing a damaged or contaminated halo band. It may also be desirable for the purposes of cleaning the halo band. By allowing for the halo band to be disassembled into component parts can allow for the halo to be thoroughly cleaned from contaminates. Similarly the ability to remove the halo from the helmet shell can facilitate cleaning and/or parts replacement.

Being of 4 pieces, it allows for the halo to have a degree of versatility of making a larger or smaller halo by only replacing the sides or the front/rear.

It is envisaged that the helmet may be provided as a modular helmet where a user can select certain optional features to be used with the helmet such as a visor or visors or the like. The halo band may hence be part of a modular system where different functionality can be provided for by the halo to meet the needs of the user of the helmet.

Figure 8 shows the halo 300 located inside the helmet shell and fastened at the anchor point 304(b) to the helmet shell 100. This may be achieved utilising a screw for example. Likewise, the other anchor members secure the halo to the helmet shell at the rear of the helmet and the other side of the helmet.

The connection between the halo and the shell is secure but desirably releasable such as with the use of a tool. Together with the helmet shell, the halo provides structural strength to the helmet, in particular at the periphery of the opening 106 of the helmet shell 100. The halo provides additional strength to the helmet shell to help improve the crush resistance of the helmet.

Preferably the halo band is made of Technyl Techstar PA66 Nylon. Preferably the halo band is made of 15 - 30% Glass filled PA66 Nylon. Preferably the anchor members are of PA6 Nylon.

The connection between the halo and the shell is secure but desirably releasable. The connection is preferably a one time connection but with an ability to clean, replace or repair components, such as with the use of a tool. Together with the helmet shell, the halo provides structural strength to the helmet, in particular at the periphery of the opening of the helmet. The halo provides additional strength to the helmet shell to help improve the crush resistance of the helmet.

Preferably the halo is a structural member that in concert with the helmet shell increased the crush resistance of the helmet compared to if there was no halo provided. The halo helps provide crush resistance to a lateral crush force applied to the helmet shell. Preferably the crush resistance provided may be as defined by one of both of standards: AS/NZS 4067:2012 and EN443:2008. Preferably in concert the helmet shell and the halo act to improve the crush resistance of the helmet shell. Preferably the helmet can resist lateral (sideways) and longitudinal (lengthwise) crushing at a force of 630 Kilonewtons. The helmet cannot deform more than 40mm total or 15mm residual (after crushing). Preferably the helmet may deform no more than 40mm total during and 15mm residual after crushing sideways or lengthwise with crushing at a force of 630 Kilonewtons.

Figure 8 shows the halo 300 located inside the helmet shell and fastened at the anchor point 304(b) to the helmet shell 100. Likewise, the other anchor members secure the halo to the helmet shell at the rear of the helmet and the other side of the helmet.

Other components of the halo shown in figure 7 will be referred to herein after.

As seen in Figure 9, a sub-assembly 400 is able to be secured to the halo 300. The secured configuration is shown in Figure 10 and 11(a). The sub-assembly 400 is preferably releasably secured to the halo. The sub-assembly 400 is able to be removed as a sub-assembly from the halo preferably in a manner not requiring the use of tools or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver. The subassembly 400 is releasably secured to the halo to allow for the sub-assembly to be removed for the purposes of cleaning the sub-assembly and/or for replacing parts of the sub-assembly and/or halo.

Parts of the sub-assembly will now be described.

The sub-assembly comprises of framing 500. The framing preferably comprises of at least two frame members 500(a) and 500(b). In a preferred form, the framing 500 comprises of two frame halves 500(a) and 500(b). These are located generally on one side of the head of the wearer.

The framing is provided for holding the shock absorber panel (herein after described) in place, and for supporting the head band (herein after also described).

In a preferred form, the framing comprises of a plurality of connectors. These are referred to as framing connectors 501 (a)-(f). The framing connectors 501 (a)-(f) can locate at framing anchor points 310(a)-(f) of and with the halo band 301.

The framing connectors 501 (a)-(f) and the framing anchor points 310(a)-(f) are of a shape and configuration to preferably allow for a tool-less connection and release of the framing or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver, therefore the sub-assembly 400, with the halo.

In a preferred form, the framing anchor points 310(a)-(f) and framing connectors 501 (a)-(f) are of a bayonet style such as a captive bayonet ratcheting fitting. This allows for a manual twist and lock operation to be provided to secure the sub-assembly to the halo. Preferably the connector arrangements are twist/lock connections to allow repeatable removal of the sub-assembly for cleaning. Preferably the twist and lock arrangements are to the North American NFPA 1971 standard for a 45 kN pull force on each of the fixture points.

Figure 11(b) shows a framing half in a lay flat condition. The framing connectors 501 (a)-(c) are shown in the framing half 500(a) of Figure 11 (b). As seen in Figures 12-13, a bayonet fitting configuration 508 is provided, comprising of a male bayonet member 508(a) and an aperture defining a female bayonet member 310, being at the framing anchor point of the halo band 301 and into which the male bayonet member can pass and be turned through for example 90° to lock the frame half 500(a) in a releasable manner to the halo band 301. It is envisaged that alternative manners in which this connection can be established in a releasable way can be designed.

Preferably the frame members don't connect to each other and independently connect to the shock absorber panel that will herein after be described.

Preferably the frame members are independently connected to the shock absorber panel so that the shock absorber panel can conform as best possible to the unique shape of each wearers head - helping ensuring comfort. The framing may be made from Nylon such as ST801. This may be impact modified Nylon for improved flexibility and durability after high heat exposure. Preferably the framing is of a resiliently flexible material and shape and may be of a wire frame or exoskeletal shape to help it adapt in shape.

The framing 500 extends between the halo 300 and the shock absorber panel 600. The shock absorber panel 600 is able to be connected and is connected in use to the framing at the anchor points 520 of which there are a plurality provided by the framing. The shock absorber panel 600 has complementary anchor points to allow the shock absorber panel to be connected, preferably in a releasable manner, to the framing.

The shock absorbing panel is shown in figure 15 and 16 in a lay flat configuration. In a preferred form the shock absorber panel is manufactured to have a lay flat condition as seen in figure 16 and is of a shape and configuration to allow for it to deform into a three-dimensional format as for example seen in figures 17-19. The shock absorber panel 600 has its anchor points 601 at where the anchor points 520 of the framing can secure to hold the shock absorber panel 600 in place by the framing.

The shock absorber panel is supported by the framing on the inner side of the helmet shell and intermediate of the head of the wearer and the helmet shell. In a preferred form the shock absorber panel 600 is located intermediate of the liner 200 and the head of the wearer in use.

The shock absorber panel provides a further line of defense against impact forces received by the shell of the helmet. The shock absorber panel 600 is able to absorb and reduce the transmission of impact forces received by the helmet to the head of the wearer.

The shock absorber panel preferably covers a substantial part of the upper and side and fronts of the head of the wearer. In a preferred form the shock absorber panel is extensive over at least the top of the head of the wearer and extending from the top downwards. In a preferred form the shock absorber panel is extensive over at least the Impact areas as per EN443:2008 and AS/NZS 4067:2012.

The shock absorber panel 600 preferably comprises of a plurality of shock absorber elements 602. The shock absorber elements 602 are configured in a matrix as seen clearly in figures 16 and 17. The shock absorber elements are interconnected to each other with interconnectors 603. In a preferred form each shock absorber element is connected by at least two and preferably three interconnectors 603 to other shock absorber elements. The interconnectors 603 individually bridge between two adjacent shock absorber elements. The interconnectors 603 and the connected shock absorber elements are preferably in a live hinge relationship thereby allowing for the shape of the shock absorber panel to be compliant and adaptable. Such adaption may be desirable for the purposes of adapting to the shape of a person's head and any hair of the person. It is also able to be adapted if for example a different size helmet is provided. The one shock absorber panel is shape compliant to be used on or with different shaped helmets and or head profiles of a wearer of a person.

In a preferred form each shock absorber element is cup shaped. With reference to the shock absorber element 602a as identified in figure 18 and figure 16a the cup shaped element has an opening 603 and a base 604 with side walls 605 extending between the opening 603 and the base 604.

In a preferred form the side walls are of a tri-spoke shape.

The shock absorber panel is made from a resiliently fixable elastic material. Preferably the shock absorber panel is of a moulded material such as but not limited to DuPont Hytrel™ 3078.

Each shock absorber element is able to deform when pressure is applied yet resiliently move back to its original shape once the pressure is released.

The shock absorber panel in use locates against the liner 200 as seen in figure 19. The opening 603 of each shock absorber element 602 is able to press against the lining 203 of the liner 200. Being made of a flexible material allows for the opening to be pressed against the lining 203 and seal the cup 605 of the shock absorber element against the liner, thereby trapping air inside the cup. When a sufficiently large force is applied to a shock absorber element such as upon impact by an object onto the shell of the helmet at least some of the shock absorber elements are activated and are pressed against the liner of the lining. The cup shape is sealed and therefor the air inside is able to be compressed providing resistance to the deformation of the shock absorber element upon impact. The compressed air provides additional resistance to the deformation of a shock absorber element upon impact yet it allows for a lightweight construction of the shock absorber panel 600 to be provided. The cup allow advantage to be taken of compressed air to help absorb energy from an impact force on the helmet shell.

Preferably when an impact force is received to the helmet skin, the elements are able to slide across the lining or the liner. When so sliding across the lining or the liner energy is absorbed by the elements. Preferably when an impact force is received to the helmet skin, the elements are able to press against the lining of the liner and absorb energy in a shear force like manner.

The shock absorbing elements are of a height (between the base 604 and the mouth opening 603) of between 16mm and 18 mm. The shock absorbing elements are discrete from each other, other than being connected by the connectors 603. Air is able to flow between the adjacent shock absorber elements to allow for ventilation and air flow to be provided for within the helmet. This can help keep the head of the wearer cool in hot weather situations.

Preferably also supported by the framing 500 is a head band 700. The head band is preferably an adjustable head band that may utilise a known adjustment mechanism 701 to allow for different shaped heads to be accommodated. The head band 700 extends around the periphery of the head of the wearer to establish a snug fit with the head of the wearer to thereby help support the helmet in a stable condition on the head of the wearer. The head band 700 is preferably dependent from the framing 500, using head band connectors 702(a)-(d) that are able to locate with connectors 530(a)-(d) of the framing.

The connectors 530(a) and (b) of the framing 500 can be clearly seen in Figure 11(b). The head band 700 is preferably connected to the framing in an adjustable manner. This allows for height adjustment of the head band 700 relative to the framing and also relative to the shock absorber panel. This may be desirable for the purposes of accommodating different shaped and sized heads of the wearers of the helmet and or for example hair/ponytails/breathing apparatus masks. In a preferred form, the connectors 702(a)-(d) and respective connectors 530(a)- (d) of the framing provide for multiple positions of connection to be established. In a preferred form, the connectors 530(a)-(d) are of a ladder configuration, providing for example four discrete locations at which the respective connector 602(a)-(d) can secure. Alternative ways of which this can be established will be envisaged by a person skilled in the art.

Figures 21 and 22 show close up views of the ladder configuration.

As seen in figures 20A and 20B the head band may be engaged and removed from the framing as a unit. This also allows for rapid removal and replacement of the headband as and when desired.

A soft pad or comfort pad may be provided intermediate of the shock absorber panel and the head of the wearer. This pad may be made from a foam and fabric laminate. This is an optional component.

A chin strap is provided to secure the helmet to the wearer. The chin strap is able to extend to and around the chin of the wearer and may include a buckle to secure the chin strap in place and allow it to undo to allow the helmet to be removed from the head. The chin strap may be secured with chin strap anchors 801A-C to the halo. This can be seen in figures 5-7. The chin strap anchors are able to be removeable from the halo without the need for any other disassembly or the use of tools or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver. This is a desirable feature for the purpose of cleaning/ decontamination. A snap fit or interference fit may be provided to allow for assembly and disassembly of the chin strap with the halo.

At least one and preferably two visors are provided.

A first visor is an eye an eye protector 900. It is preferably pivotally mounted by the halo at pivot mounts 901 A and 901 B. The pivot mounts are preferably secured to the halo band. The pivot mounts are such as to allow the visor 900 to removed from the halo band. Preferably it's a repeatable releasable manner to that the visor can be optionally added to the helmet but also to allow it to be removed for replacement and/or cleaning. The visor 900 is releasable mounted and releasable from the halo without the need to use tools or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver. The visor 900 can move between a stowed higher condition and a deployed lower condition. In the stowed condition the visor 900 is preferably not presented in the field of vision of the wearer. In the deployed condition the visor 900 is preferably presented over the eyes of the wearer. In the stowed condition the visor is held in the stowed condition by a catch 902. The catch 902 prevents the visor 900 from rotation down to the deployed condition. The catch 900 is able to release from the visor 900, allowing the visor 900 to rotate down, by virtue of the visor 900 first being pushed upwardly to decouple the catch 902 from the visor. The visor is hence considered to be operate as a push to stow and push to release visor. Preferably an arm 903 extends from the halo band to position the catch. The arm 903 is removable from the halo band. This is possible without the use of a tool or tools or as a quick release configuration that may utilise a tool such as a coin or screw driver. The arm 903 is provided at the front of the head of the wearer.

A second visor may also be provided. The second visor is a face shield /guard and may afford a larger area of protection to the face of the wearer. It is preferably secured to the helmet shell and in a rotational manner such as at 906. It preferably moves from a stowed condition tucked in under the helmet shell and intermediate of the helmet shell and the sub- assembly.

The inner 'visor' is an eye protector and needs to afford a certain area of protection. The outer 'visor' is referred to in the standards as a face shield /guard and needs to afford a defined I larger area of protection.

Where in the foregoing description reference has been made to elements or integers having known equivalents, then such equivalents are included as if they were individually set forth.

Although the invention has been described by way of example and with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and/or improvements may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In addition, where features or aspects of the invention are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognise that the invention is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.