Technical Field

The present invention relates to a shading element for use in windows, especially on the exterior of the building.

State of the Art

Shading elements are used to prevent the direct entry of sunlight into the building through the windows. Fully solid shading elements completely block the sun's rays and completely eliminate the visual connection of the user with the external environment.

The use of perforated (mesh) shading elements is known as an alternative to solid shading elements. Perforated shading elements have multiple openings provided on the planar surface, and as the sun rays pass through these openings, the solid parts between the open areas the sun rays and visual contact with the external environment can be partially established through the holes, but accordingly, some of the sun rays are allowed to enter the environment directly. The rays directly transmitted to the indoor environment seriously affect the user's comfort negatively.

A roller shade system is described in the document with publication number US2014345807A1. In this system, the amount of opening of the curtain according to the angle of the incoming sun rays is controlled by a processing unit. Since roller shade are used in the system and perforated shading design features, like opening dimensions, are not mentioned, it cannot be considered as a perforated shading design. It does not seem possible to use said system outside the building.

A blind solution designed as one of the window layers with rigid sheets is described in the document with publication number CN107724935 A. In the solutions produced in the window detail, solar radiation passes through the first glass layer and heat production occurs in the interstitial space and this production also causes comfort problems. This structure is connected to each other in such a way that the rigid panels move simultaneously through a transmission system, and the panels are completely solid and are not perforated shading elements. For this reason, this structure completely cuts off the sun's rays or allows some direct ray entry by fully or partially opening.

In the document with CN209908342U publication number, rigid panels with holes on the surface are moved uniformly by a common drive element and allow direct sun rays entry in the same way as CN107724935 A. Here, the panels are designed as fan blades and the design is intended to serve essentially as a fan. There are design details to prevent flies from entering. The fact that it is adjacent to the window may pose difficulties in terms of application, use, maintenance, and repair as in the other invention.

Uribe et al. explains a structure with inclined panels with holes on its surface in the article titled "Impact of different control strategies of perforated curved louvers on the visual comfort and energy consumption of office buildings in different climates" published in Solar Energy journal in 2019. In this structure, the sun rays are reflected irregularly from the curved louvers. The panels are applied to the whole window and there is no possibility to change position along the window.

In the document with publication number AU2020339851 (Al), a system is formed by the angled connection of the two panels (102 and 112) with each other. However, while one of these panels is completely solid, the other is a rigid panel with holes on its surface, there is no angle between the opening and the full area, and perforated shading panels with linear structure are used on a flat plane. This system was also applied throughout the window, and since there was no possibility of changing the position along the window, it caused the same effect to occur throughout the volume.

As a result, all the above-mentioned problems have made it imperative to innovate in the relevant field. Objects and Brief Description of the Invention

The main object of the invention is to reveal a shading structure that provides the control of direct solar radiation to prevent the overheating of the indoor environment and does not interrupt the visual connection with the outdoor environment and makes it possible to provide the necessary daylight illumination. Accordingly, energy consumption has been reduced with the increase in thermal comfort and visual comfort conditions.

Another object of the invention is to provide thermal comfort and visual comfort conditions and to optimize to reduce the energy consumed to provide these comfort conditions.

Another object of the invention is to reveal the structure of an adjustable (opened or closed) shading element.

An object of the invention is to reveal the structure of a shading element with change flexibility for each application depending on factors such as the climate of the region to be used, the location of the volume, its function, the direction of the facade, the way the element is used (whole panel, horizontal panels, vertical panels, etc.).

Accordingly, a shading element for the building exteriors of the present invention comprises at least one longitudinally arranged solidly provided first part to reflect the sun's rays, and a longitudinally arranged planar second part positioned at an angle to said first part, and at least one opening on said second part.

Thus, both the user is not disconnected from the external environment and, unlike the shading elements in which the solid part with the opening in the known art is provided on the same linear plane, most of the sun rays in the shading element are reflected from the first part and reach the building surface through the openings, and accordingly, entrance of direct sun rays to the building is reduced or prevented.

In addition, by regulating the length, angle and reflection factor parameters, a system that can be optimized depending on the geography, climate type, volume characteristics, the direction of the facade to be applied, the function of the volume, the number of users and the period of use is provided. Accordingly, it is to ensure that thermal comfort and visual comfort conditions are increased by controlling direct and indirect solar radiation during the cooling period. In this shading element, optimization is made as a result of calculations by making evaluations in terms of providing sufficient daylight illumination from visual comfort conditions and establishing a visual connection with the external environment, providing the comfort condition value ranges specified in the standard in thermal comfort and preventing overheating caused by transparent areas, and thus the thermal and visual comfort conditions of the user are provided together.

In addition, the panels designed as a mounting system by using a slide suitable for sliding systems have been moved depending on the user's request, allowing them to be used in the desired position on the facade. It provides the flexibility to be used in the desired window area while allowing the same conditions in the whole volume with its sliding use and can be canceled by opening it completely when necessary. Depending on the requirement, it can be easily relocated, used in desired areas, fully opened, or completely closed.

Definitions of Figures Describing the Invention

The figures and related descriptions used to better explain the device developed by this invention are as follows.

Figure 1. An isometric and detailed view of the shading element of the invention

Figure la. An isometric view showing the fall of the sun's rays into the shading element.

Figure lb. An isometric view showing the sun rays falling at another angle to the shading element.

Figure 2.1sometric and detailed view of shading elements with different angles and sizes.

Figure 3.1sometric and detailed view of the positioning of the shading element as a vertical element

Figure 4. Isometric and detailed view of the other positioning of the shading element as a horizontal element.

Figure 5. Isometric view showing the angulation of the first and second parts with respect to the Cartesian coordinate system

Figure 5a. Isometric view showing another angulation of the first and second part with respect to the Cartesian coordinate system Figure 6, 6a and 6b. Isometric views showing the dimensions of the first and second part

Figure 5. Front view of a structure with a sliding shading element

Definitions of Components/Pieces/Parts of the Invention

In order to better explain the device developed by this invention, the parts and pieces in the figures are numbered and the corresponding numbers are given below.

1. Shading element

10. First part

20. Second part

21. Opening a. First angle a2. Second angle a3. Third angle b. Thickness of the panel c. Second part width d. Opening width e. First part length f. Opening length g. Connection area length h. Distance from facade

I. Reflection coefficient

Y. Building facade

P. Window area

Detailed Description of the Invention

The subject matter of the invention relates to a shading element (1) for use in windows, especially on the exterior of the building.

With reference to Figure 1, the shading element (1) of the invention is positioned to cover the window area (P) at least partially on the outer facing surface of a Building exterior (Y). Here, the shading element (1) is mounted in such a way that there is some distance between it and the window glass. Inspection of the sun's rays before they reach the window pane makes it easier to inspect heat production. The shading element of the invention prevents the greenhouse effect with this positioning.

The shading element (1) comprises at least one interconnected first part (10) and a second part (20). Preferably, there is a plurality of first parts (10) and second parts (20) sequentially. The first part (10) and the second part (20) are arranged sequentially. That is, a second part (20) is used after a first part (10) repeats the same situation.

The first part (10) and the second part (20) or parts are preferably provided in a monolithic form. Here, the color of the material to be used to form the first part (10) and the second part

(20) is selected according to the reflection coefficient to be determined as a result of the optimization. Preferably, it is recommended to use a material with a high reflection coefficient, preferably between p=0.8 and p=0.9 (80% and 90%), but especially aluminum is selected because it is easy to assemble and requires little maintenance to minimize the formation of the rust layer.

The first part (10) and the second part (20) are configured to form an angle between them. Here, a panel may be thought of as being bent to form, for example, an angle to an axis parallel to one of the sides of a rectangular panel.

The first part (10) is completely arranged. The word "solid" here means that the first part (10) does not have a structure that will not allow the passage of the sun's rays to a large extent, more precisely, it does not have openings (21) for the passage of the sun's rays.

There is at least one, preferably a plurality of openings (21) in the second part (20). The openings (21) may be provided in an identical manner so that the light to pass through is regular. It is sufficient to provide the form of the aforementioned openings (21) to pass the sun's rays. The openings (21) may preferably be selected as polygons, in particular rectangles. As can be seen in Figure 1, the openings (21) in the preferred embodiment are rectangular in the horizontal plane. Here, it is the ratio of the total area of the opening (21) or the openings

(21) to the total area of the second part (20), rather than the form of the opening (21). The opening (21) ratio of the second part (20) is determined as a result of optimization for adequate visual connection with the external environment and healthy sunlight transition, and accordingly, the geometric formation requires that at least 4% and at most 70% of the second part (20) consist of openings (21).

Referring to Figures la and lb, when the shading element (1) of the invention is placed in the exterior of the building facade (Y) as previously mentioned, most of the incoming sun rays come to the first part (10). The sun rays coming to the first part (10) come to the second part

(20) by reflecting from here and reach the building surface by passing through the openings

(21). In this case, most of the sun's rays reach the user by reflecting instead of coming directly. Here, for the correct reflection of the sun rays, the positioning angle of the shading element according to the incidence angle of the sun rays, the angles between the parts and the lengths of said parts are of great importance.

In Figure la, a shading element (1) arranged according to the incidence angle and this incidence angle of the winter sun rays is exemplified, and in Figure lb, a shading element (1) arranged according to the incidence angle and this incidence angle of the summer sun rays is exemplified. As can be seen here, the summer sun provides rays at a much steeper angle. Accordingly, the angle between the first part (10) and the second part (20) is determined depending on the period of use, the cooling period, or the entire year.

Figure 2 shows various shading elements (1) arranged at different angles with length or width. In general use, the width extension direction of the shading element (1) is provided parallel to the exterior of the building facade (Y) as shown in Figures 1 and 2, but it is possible in orientations where the width extension direction of the shading element (1) is perpendicular to the exterior of the building facade (Y) as in Figures 3 and 4. These elements can be used as horizontal and vertical elements, as well as the angle between them and the structure.

Referring to Figures 5 and 5a; If the angle of the opening (21) and the solid plane with the XY plane is above the XY plane compared to the Z plane, if it is below the XY plane, it is calculated by taking a negative sign with the following formula (1) and calculation examples are given in Figures 5 and 5a on the module. Here, the first angle (a) between the first part (10) and the second part (20) is equal to the absolute value of the difference of the second angle (a2) of the second part (20) with the XY plane with the third angle (a3) of the first part (10) with the XY plane. a = Ia2-a3I

Referring to Figures 6, 6a, 6b, design variables are determined in Table 1. Design versions can be created by changing the length, angle, and factor values in any, several, or all of the variables. The final version is determined by optimizing the variables in the design according to thermal and visual comfort conditions. The measurements of these variables vary depending on the geography where the volume is located, the climate type, the characteristics of the volume, the direction of the facade to be applied, the function of the volume, the number of users and the period of use. For this reason, the dimensions of the module are determined by optimizing the variables before production. It is recommended to produce by fixing the design variables by specifically optimizing for each volume in which the proposed design will be used. After these values are determined, the shading element (1) is obtained by passing the material through bending and similar forming processes, considering the relevant values.

Table 1. Design variables used in perforated shading element optimization

Referring to Figure 7, since the design variables are fixed during use, it is recommended that the shading element (1) specified in the design proposal be movable with the sliding system in practice. To ensure this, the system may include a slide suitable for sliding systems. Thus, when desired, the shading element (1) or shading elements (1) can be used regionally in front of the window at any place, as well as offering the opportunity to be completely closed. Thus, it offers flexibility in increasing the visual connection with the external environment and/or increasing the level of daylight illumination in the indoor environment under closed sky conditions. If the user wants the environment to be heated with solar radiation by ensuring the movement of the shading element (1) provided with openings (21) with the slider system, but if he wants to prevent the visual discomfort caused by direct solar radiation and/or if he wants daylight illumination to be provided while preventing overheating, he can provide this with regional use. In addition, it is recommended to manually slide the shading element out of the window area (P) in order to adjust it easily and without consuming energy according to the user's request.

Herein, the shading elements (1) may preferably be used with a fixed sled in contact with the rails of the sliding system, or preferably with a sled with a rotatable cylinder or wheel that fits on the rails. Said slide and rail allow the system to be mounted from the top and/or bottom.