2- Technical and practical field: Mechanics and Electronics / Biomedical Engineering/ Dental

3- Background and Summary of Invention:

Project Summary: This device, as a smart jaw drilling machine in implant placement, it is a device for drilling upper and lower jaw bone for implantation that has several sensors to reduce errors to prevent damage to the sinus membrane in the maxillary maxillary sinus sinus for implantation as well as prevention There is damage to the nerves in the mandible, as well as the ability to track the movement of the device inside the jawbone and display it.

Background: According to studies on implant placement and sinus lift, similar cases include the following:

• A device with a patent number US6247933B1: A device for piercing the upper and lower jawbones and implants in the mouth with the help of instruments with a certain diameter and height depending on the patient's jaw, which is only a type of drill and is not as intelligent as my invention. This means that there is no sensor or calculator inside to measure the distance and thickness of the bone, as well as the sinus lift.

• A device with a patent number US20190117335A1: A device called an apex locator that is used in dentistry to measure the position of the root canal length in endodontics and the only similarity with my inventive element is the spectroscopy of electrical impedance or the resistance of the tissue around the face. However, in my invention, the dentist uses a laser scanner to fully monitor the progress of the procedure, and with the help of this method of spectroscopy of electrical impedance, this invention reduces the definite error in damaging the maxillary nerves.

4- Description: One of the most obvious problems with facial beauty is the loss of teeth, which is a sad event for all human beings. When you lose your teeth, not only does it leave a gap in your mouth, it affects the beauty of your smile and sometimes lowers your self-esteem, but it also causes many problems with your oral health and general health. That's why filling a vacancy is an important step for this group of people. There are several ways to fill a tooth gap, with or without a dental implant. The most common methods of replacing damaged or missing teeth are dentures, bridges, and implants. Dental implants are the only permanent and permanent way to fill the gaps in the teeth and have many benefits for the patient. The dental implant, which is very common, has a screw-like shape and is placed inside a hole made in the jawbone to weld within a few months. Dental implants can be used both to fix dentures and as a single tooth. . In fact, implants are much better both aesthetically and functionally than dentures.

Implant placement is very complex and can be done in a variety of ways, depending on the upper or lower jaw.Sinus lift is a surgery that adds to your upper jaw in the area of the teeth of the large molar and the small molar. This process is sometimes referred to as sinus reinforcement, and the bone between the maxillary sinuses and sinuses, which are located on either side of the nose, is added. To create space to add bone, the sinus membrane must move upward or be "lifted". Sinus lift is usually performed by a specialist who can be a maxillofacial surgeon or a periodontist. The sinus lift is performed when the height of the bone in the upper jaw is not high enough, or when the sinuses are too close to the jaw so that there is not enough space to place the implant.

How is sinus lift surgery performed?

The surgeon cuts the gum tissue where the teeth are located. When the gum tissue is removed, the bone appears. Inside the bone is a small oval orifice. On the other side of this hole is a membrane and a shell that separates your sinuses from your jaw. This membrane is slowly raised and detached from your jaw. The granules of the bone graft material are then placed inside the sinus space.The amount of bone used will vary, but usually several millimeters of bone above the jaw is added. When the bone in the head is replaced, the gum tissue is sutured. Your implant will be placed 4 to 9 months later. This time allows the grafting material to fully bond with your bone. The amount of time it takes depends on the amount of bone you need.

Risks of sinus lift

The main danger of sinus lift is the possibility of perforation or rupture of the sinus membrane. If the membrane ruptures during the procedure, the surgeon must also suture the sinus tear or attach a patch to it. If the repair is not successful and does not go well, your surgeon may stop the process and wait for the repair to be complete. The dentist can re-perform the sinus lift when the membrane is repaired. This process usually takes several months. Vertical bone resorption often occurs after extraction of the maxillary teeth. To compensate for this resorption and to create bone to implant in those areas, it is necessary to first raise the bottom of the maxillary sinus cavity to the required level and inject the powder. Place the bone in the created space of the implant inside the grafted bone.

But implant placement for the lower jaw also has its own sensitivity. The lower jaw is very suitable for dental implants, in this part it is easier to achieve the desired beauty and it is possible to pull the teeth all the time and implant placement in this jaw in one day. Therefore, many people are eager to do this procedure, in the lower jaw, bone regeneration is more successful, and this method can be a good choice for those who are old. At the back of the jaw, the alveolar nerve, which causes tenderness in the lower lip, reaches the bone. If more anterior nerves reach the lip, the implants that are to be placed in the lower jaw are placed inside the bone. The alveolar nerve travels from the middle of the jaw into the bone. This nerve causes a sensation (sensation) in the lower lip, which is annoying and should be avoided. If a tooth is lost, the force from the tooth to the bone is lost and the bone is degraded, which is why the most important reason is to use an implant and plan for an implant placement. In the front of the jaw, the nerve protrudes from the bone and enters the lips. Also, in the dorsal region of the jaw, the nerve enters the jawbone. If the bone decays, the nerve tends to move more toward the surface of the jaw, reducing the distance between the jawbone and the soft tissue of the gums. It is sensitive to implantation of the mandible, its nerves, and to prevent damage to these nerves. It can be said that it is a very sensitive and difficult action that usually has an error percentage. With an overview of the above and the steps required to place an implant during the study, implant placement inside the jawbone requires several tools to replace the missing teeth, sometimes in addition to the exorbitant cost and difficulty in replacing different types of instruments. They also prolong the treatment time. For this reason, we decided to build an intelligent device to put all these tools in one device, and in addition to ease of use and reduce errors during drilling, to improve time and cost.

This invention is a smart device that has the same functionality as the implant motor, which has the ability to be used for the upper and lower jaws separately and at the user's choice. The device has a separate body with a display and a number of touch buttons that have significant capabilities by determining the dentist's needs for the upper or lower jaw.

This device is very safe and the method of determining the rate of progression in the jawbone is by calculating the engine speed of the device using the screw step and the distance of progression in the jawbone by the dentist.

It also has a flash input port, which the dentist can view on a CBCT or tomography scan.

In addition, this device will have different parts for the upper or lower jaw. For the upper jaw, the sensitivity is to prevent the rupture of the sinus membrane. The microscope is small enough to start puncturing the jawbone, and in the middle of the cylinder is a small passageway for water to pass through. A distance sensor is located on the end of the section and a tissue thickness sensor is located near the tip, which distinguishes tooth bone tissue from membranes and soft tissue and stops moving as soon as bone tissue changes. It works by using CBCT to determine the approximate distance of the sinus membrane from the site of the gingival bone. From rotational mode to piezo mode, it changes position and after changing the tissue from bone to soft tissue, it stops moving completely. After that, with the help of the push button embedded on the handle of the water pressure device, it causes the sinus membrane to rise, thus preventing damage to it. This water pressure is induced to oscillate to ensure the lift without damaging the membrane.

But for the lower jaw, part of the device is changed and with the help of CBCT, the location of the nerves and the direction of movement of the device is approximated by the dentist. Goes to the right path to the display for drilling. This laser scanner works in such a way that it scans the images one after the other in a short time and displays them on the screen. In this part of the device, the software uses a software program and a warning system to determine the nerve for the device, and if it reaches the nerve, the device stops moving automatically with the help of an electric impedance spectrometer. In this section, with the help of an electrode, the resistance of the facial skin is measured immediately and with the help of an electrode connected to the head of the device, the electrical impedance of the nerve is detected.

Method of construction: The smart invention includes a body with a display and a touchscreen that is used to adjust the device's position and the upper or lower jaw, which is connected to a part that can be replaced depending on the upper or lower jaw. Inside the body, there is a microcontroller that uses a single-inch shaft motor to control the rotational motion and progress of the motor that when it is finished, it stops moving. On the side of the body of the device is a USB port that can be used with a flash to view 3D tomography or CBCT on the screen of the device and check the movement of the device. A thickness sensor is located on the top of the device that measures and displays the thickness of the bone tissue, and a distance sensor measures the distance from the opposite area, and because it uses an ultrasonic signal, it changes tissue (from bone tissueTo soft tissue) stops moving. After passing the bone tissue and drilling to the end of the maxillary bone and reaching one millimeter of the sinus membrane (according to the program given to the system), the motor goes out of rotation and with the help of its piezoelectric sensor moves this short distance with cautious vibration. It goes through the sinus membrane. After reaching the sinus membrane, the device stopped completely and with the help of the water duct embedded in the middle of the device series and with the help of a water pump and a sterile water tank, it rotated back and forth by increasing and decreasing the pressure of the membrane water spray. It guides the sinus upwards and prevents it from rupturing. This can be changed manually with the help of a button. There is a separate series for the lower jaw of the Nizik, which includes a laser scanner and an electrical impedance spectrometer, and the doctor can see the progress of the device like a GPS and prevent nerve damage. This is done by first scanning the laser scanner repeatedly and at short intervals (in a fraction of a second) to scan the patient's tooth image and send it to the screen, and the dentist can look at the screen to make sure the drilling is done Implanting. In this part, if it reaches the nerve with the help of an audio warning system, the device warns and to be more sure with the help of two electrodes, first by measuring the soft tissue resistance of the patient's face or gums, it recognizes the nerve as a nerve pattern and prevents damage to it. The advantage of this device in finding the nerve is the detection of the electric charge of the nerves by using the magnetic field created by the Inkdar Shaftharal shaft motor, which is used for drilling because, as we know, the electric charge of the nerves is different from other body tissues. This device can detect the nerve before it is damaged and the device stops moving

Benefits of this invention: The advantages of using this device include:

1. Includes two separate sections with specialized sensors for drilling the upper and lower jaws

2. Adjusting the distance and measuring the depth of the bone puncture: By estimating and adjusting the desired distance by the microcontroller user, automatically calculates the number of engine speeds according to the length of the screwing step and the progress of the device. The change of tissue from the bone tissue of the tooth to the sinus or gums and the amount of progress in the bone.

3. With the help of a thickness measuring sensor, the device performs the operation of determining the thickness of bone tissue and the necessary distance for progress and drilling.

4. The device is equipped with an audio alert system to increase the accuracy of the doctor when approaching the sinus membrane in the upper jaw or approaching the nerve in the lower jaw.

5. This device has the ability to display a 3D tomography (CBCT) image of the tooth.

6. It also has the ability to lift the sinus membrane by moving water.

7. It has a small laser scanner for instantaneous scanning of the device's trajectory in the mandible

8. In this device, it is possible to use electrical impedance of soft tissue of the face or gums as a model and measure the electrical impedance of the mandibular nerve to prevent nerve damage with the help of an electrical impedance spectroscopy device.

9. Has autoclave capability of replaceable parts of the device

10. Automatic device and performing treatment steps without the need for the help of side tools and of course reducing the number of tools and instruments for perforation of the upper and lower jaw

11. Has the ability to detect the electrical charge of the nerve by creating a magnetic field by the shaft effect anchor motor.

Device instruction: This device can be used for drilling for implant placement in dentistry, and the method of working with it is that first, with the help of the power button embedded on the touch screen of the device, the device is turned on and with the help of the buttons embedded for the device. We determine the use of the device for the upper or lower jaw. Then, for each selected section, place the jaws on the head of the device and then the device starts working by pressing the touch button on the handle. While working with the device, the display displays 3D tomography images on it. The display is displayed and the dentist can use it to track the movement of the device for a more reliable treatment.

5- Explain the figures, diagrams, maps and ...

• Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2): Physical and schematic map of the device in the general view

• Figure 1-3) :

1) Replaceable part for upper jaw

2) Water tank for sinus lift with water oscillation movements

3) LCD

4) Touch buttons Set engine speed and device mode

5) The interface wire between the series and the device

• Figure 1-4) :

1) Replaceable part for the lower jaw

2) LCD

3) The interface wire between the handpiece and the device

4) Touch buttons Set engine speed and device mode

Detailed view of the physical elements of the device separately, which includes the following:

• Figure 1-5) : LCD and device body

1) Motor connection port to water tank pump

2) USB flash drive connection port

3) LCD

4) Touch device buttons for settings

• Figure 1-6)

1) The body of the water tank • Figure 1-7) :

The replaceable part for the mandible, which includes the following:

1) Laser scanner

2) Rotating series device for drilling

3) Special electrode for connection to facial tissue for electrical impedance spectroscopy

4) Internal electrode attached to the perforating head to detect proximity and position of the mandibular nerves

5) Touch the key on the lower jaw series handle to start or stop the device

• Figure 1-8: Body of the device , including:

The replaceable part for the upper jaw, which includes the following:

1) Special series for maxillary perforation

2) Distance sensor

3) Thickness sensor

4) Touch key to start or stop the device

5) Pressure switch to connect the water tank for sinus lift

• Figure 2-1): Electrical map of the device, which includes the following items:

1) LCD

2) Microcontroller

3) Piezoelectric sensor

4) Thickness sensor

5) Driver

6) Inkdal encoder shaft motor

7) Water pump

8) Ultrasonic distance sensor

9) Capacitive sensor (touch range)

10) Laser scanner

11) push bottom key

12) Electrode

13) Power board