FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering. More specifically, it relates to a smart machine for processing multiple types of garbage to yield commercially useful products.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Definitions

Municipal Solid Waste or MSW - as used in the context of the present invention refers to any waste generated from household or human habitat e.g. home, hospital, hotel, hostel, industry etc. which is discarded and cleared by the municipality of that area.

Commercially useful products- as used in the context of present invention relates to the end products obtained after processing of unsorted garbage, using the machine of present invention and wherein such products have commercial value e.g. as fuel or filler for packaging material such as boxes, egg-trays, paver tiles, partition boards etc. etc.

Garbage Fuel- as used in the context of present invention relates to the fluffy powder obtained after processing of the unsorted garbage, which can be used directly as such as a fuel e.g. in boiler, brick kilns, furnaces, industrial biomass stoves etc. or further converted into fuel pellets. Introduction to the problem

Due to rapid industrialization and growth, society is plagued with two problems: i. Mountains of accumulated garbage in every town and city ii. Pollution caused due to burning of fossil fuels such as petrol, diesel etc. The present invention addresses both these problems in a very innovative manner- it processes the garbage in a clean and efficient manner, thus reducing bad smell, land occupation for dumps and also spread of disease caused by such garbage. Further, from the garbage itself, the present invention produces commercially useful products e.g. energy efficient ‘fuel pellets’ which can replace fossil fuels use in industries and thus prevent pollution.

Present invention thus offers an eco-friendly, efficient and ‘green’ solution to the problem of accumulated municipal waste or garbage.

Fossil fuels e.g. coal, oil, natural gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene etc. are used for heating, transportation, electricity generation etc. and cause pollution. Garbage is nothing but a complex mixture of household wastes, packaging material (plastics) and miscellaneous materials, which also contains energy. Management and use of energy contained in waste can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by effectively utilizing the waste generated by commercial and residential consumers Treatment of garbage to produce clean ‘Garbage Fuel’, which is an alternative to fossil fuel is thus a big step forward to producing ‘clean non- fossil’ fuel. The ‘fuel pellets’ of present invention comprise at least one component from treated solid waste and other components.

The present invention offers the versatility and speed to convert different forms of municipal waste or garbage into useful, well-defined, commercially useful products by processing the raw material obtained e.g. partition boards, file covers, paver tiles, fuel pellets etc. The fuel pellets can be used as an eco-friendly, renewable source of energy for the replacement of fossil fuels.

Municipal Garbage - a worldwide problem The problem of management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a big problem- not only in India but worldwide. While developed countries have to a large extent managed MSW, Asian countries face a big problem of MSW, as follows: i. Shortage of expertise and technological capacity/ infrastructure for the same ii. Limited financial resources iii. Poor legal and administrative enforcement of environmental regulations iv. Lack of public awareness and environmental ethics that results in uncontrolled solid waste disposal.

As a result there is a serious threat to public health due to environmental pollution. A study of the MSW management issues in the four countries has highlighted the main technical factors associated with solid waste from its generation to the composition, collection and transportation, and final disposal systems with the headway made in recycle, reuse and recovery of the valuables (Visvanalhan, Chettiyappan & Trankler, J. (2003). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia: A Comparative Analysis. Workshop on Sustainable Landfill Management.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually on Global Basis

The world generates 2.01 billion tons of municipal solid waste annually, with at least 33 percent of that — extremely conservatively — not managed in an environmentally safe manner. Worldwide, waste generated per person per day averages 0.74 kilogram but ranges widely, from 0.11 to 4.54 kilograms. Though they only account for 16 percent of the world’s population, high- income countries generate about 34 percent, or 683 million tons of the world’s waste. (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-a- waste/trends in solid waste manasement.html).

Waste collection is a critical step in managing waste, yet rates vary largely by income levels, with upper- middle- and high-income countries providing nearly universal waste collection. Low-income countries collect about 48 percent of waste in cities, but this proportion drops drastically to 26 percent outside of urban areas. Across regions, Sub- Saharan Africa collects about 44 percent of waste while Europe and Central Asia and North America collect at least 90 percent of waste.

Waste composition differs across income levels, reflecting varied patterns of consumption. High-income countries generate relatively less food and green waste, at 32 percent of total waste, and generate more dry waste that could be recycled, including plastic, paper, cardboard, metal, and glass, which account for 51 percent of waste. Middle- and low-income countries generate 53 percent and 57 percent food and green waste, respectively, with the fraction of organic waste increasing as economic development levels decrease. In low-income countries, materials that could be recycled account for only 20 percent of the waste stream. Across regions, there is not much variety within waste streams beyond those aligned with income. All regions generate about 50 percent or more organic waste, on average, except for Europe, Central Asia and North America, which generate mainly dry waste.

(http://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-awaste/trends in solid waste management. html). Municipal Waste Generation in India

India is getting buried under mounds of garbage as the country has been generating more than 1.50 lakh metric tons (MT) of solid waste every day. Worse - approximately 90 per cent (1, 35,000 MT per day) of the total amount is collected waste. Figures show that India generates nearly 26.000 MT of plastic waste on a daily basis and 94 lakh tonne trash every year. In 2010-11, the Capital generated 6,800 tonne of municipal waste daily, out of which 690 tonne of trash was plastic - the highest in the country. In 2005, India's pollution watchdog had estimated that the country had churned out around 1.47 lakh tonne e- waste from across the country.

According to a 2016 United Nations report, The Global E- Waste Monitor 2017, India had produced 20 lakh tonne of e-waste.Nearly 15,000 MT of garbage remain exposed every day, resulting in almost 55 lakh MT of solid waste disposed in open areas each year, which leads to "severe" pollution level. Of the total collected waste, only 20 per cent (27,000 MT per day) is processed and the remaining 80 per cent (1,08,000 MT per day) is dumped in landfill sites. At times the "highly polluting" unprocessed solid waste in the dump sites reaches 3 crore MT.

The solid waste in landfill sites and the uncollected trash - of the total 5.4 crore MT of solid waste generated annually - 4.5 crore MT are unprocessed. After conducting a study across 60 major cities of the country the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) estimated that metropolitan areas generate around 4,059 tonne plastic waste per day.

(https://www.indiatodav.in/india/storv/india-s-trash-bomb -80-of-l-5-lakh-metric-tonne- dailv-garbage-rema ins-exposed-untreated- 1571769-2019-07-2 IV Municipal Waste Generation in China

China's annual garbage was reported to be 130 million tons, with annual increase of about 9%. With more than 665 cities and 2300 villages, garbage accumulation surrounds cities and villages and occupies an area of more than 500 million square meters. More than 70% of the cities fall into the ‘garbage dilemma’ siege. Around Beijing, there is a mountain of garbage of about 12,000 tons having diameter of more than 50 meters. Shanghai has a garbage accumulation of 14,000 tons, and is surrounded by more than 3,000 garbage plants (Ref. CN101579689B, 2009).

Problems caused by accumulated municipal solid waste

Large accumulations of municipal solid waste if not effectively treated will cause water, air and land contamination- making the soil toxic and contaminating the underground water, apart from releasing toxic gases into the environment. Thus, technologies which can efficiently process such waste in a timely and economical manner help in environment preservation and safety.

Existing technologies for processing of Municipal Solid Waste and their Limitations i. Biological treatment of the bio-waste- microbial treatment to reduce bio waste and convert it into useful bio-fertilizer, using vermicomposting, microbial cultures etc. Expensive and requires skilled labor ii. Bio-methanation- converting the biological material in the bio-waste, into methane. Expensive and requires skilled labor. iii. Mechanical sorting and recovery of non-biodegradable material - glass and plastics segregation. Labor intensive, if done manually. Health hazard for workers. Requires expensive machinery and continuous power for operation. iv. Heat and water treatment- A common approach used globally is heat-and- water treatment to wash the waste, dry it using heat and then carry out compaction to reduce volume.

Labor and machinery intensive. Uses large amounts of water. v. Incineration- Vaporization of waste at high temperature. Expensive process owing to being energy intensive and also high initial cost of equipment.

Problem solved by present invention Present invention eliminates the problem of sorting and can easily and quickly process all types of municipal solid waste on mega scale i.e. several tons per day, DIRECTLY WITHOUT THE NEED FOR ANY SORTING. Further, it not only processes the unsorted waste, drastically reducing its volume, but ALSO SIMULT ANEOU SLY GENERATES COMMERCIALLY VALUABLE PRODUCTS SUCH AS ENERGY PELLETS OF DEFINED CALORIFIC VALUE, which can replace use of fossil fuels and thus help to reduce pollution caused by the burning of such fuels. The present invention, thus not only eliminates the problem caused due to MSW, but also makes the process economical by generating commercially useful products such as fuel pellets from it. Advantages offered by present invention i. No segregation of waste required- Garbage (wet/dry) is processed directly in a single vessel, without any segregation - this enables utilization in developing countries where waste segregation is not carried out and also makes the machine more versatile. ii. Energy Efficient- Does not involve any heating for drying, which is a common feature in almost all prior art machines. It generates ‘in-situ’ heat by friction of the uniquely designed blades and other technical features. iii. Water Efficient- Unlike prior art machines which require large quantities of water for washing of the solid municipal waste, prior to compaction and pellet formation, the machine of present invention hardly uses any water at all. Rather, the vapors emanating from the solid waste during processing are condensed and used for cooling of the motors and machinery. No washing of the waste is involved. iv. Produces pellets of high calorific value due to incorporation of nonmagnetic material into the pellets: Plastic, food waste and aluminum foil are non- magnetic materials. Aluminum foil is a problematic material to remove from the municipal waste, using automated systems. In present invention, problem of aluminum foil processing has been addressed in a very simple manner by powdering the foil and integrating it inside the powdered material. This resulted in unique advantage of synergistic effect with other materials, resulting in high calorific value of the powder, which can be used directly in boilers/thermal power plant or converted to fuel pellets for domestic or commercial use in biomass stoves, boilers etc. etc. v. Zero emission processing- the invention is a zero emission machine, which does not release any toxic gases into the atmosphere at all. Whatever gases or vapors are produced during processing are condensed under controlled conditions and re-cycled in the process itself. vi. Zero leachates- Unlike most existing commercially sold machines, in which the waste is compacted mechanically and the leachate is drained out, contaminating the water bodies due to microbes etc. the machine of present invention, by in- situ heat generation, PRODUCES NO LEACHATES AT ALL. vii. Silent Operation- Existing processing plants are very noisy, owing to open mechanical parts, which cause noise pollution. In contrast, the machine of present invention is silent, compact and efficient. viii. Safe and accident free automatic operations- Machine is fully automatic and can be operated safely with minimal manpower, thus reducing chances of any accident associated with operation of heavy mechanical machinery. ix. Economical operation- owing to use of minimal water and power resources and high crushing efficiency with minimal manpower and transportation elimination, the operation of the machine is overall economical and cost saving. x. Value added end products- end products such as dry, odorless powder or fuel pellets have economic value and can be used in multitude ways e.g. as fuel or fillers for packaging material such as boxes, egg-trays, paver tiles, partition boards etc. etc. xi. Environmental impact is very positive- wet garbage lying in the open in the dumping ground, attracts flies, animals and birds which causes disease and littering, apart from emitting foul smell.

Prior Art

Chinese Patent Number CN101579689B discloses a “Complete system of recycling treatment of city household garbage and a method thereof”. The invention relates to a complete system for the recycling and treatment of city household garbage and a method thereof. The invention is characterized in that an electronic screen control system further controls mechanical transmission and treatment conditions of a garbage mechanical classification system, a fertilizer-making system a plastic classification system, a pulping system and a sewage treatment system by a contact screen and a circuit, the recycling treatment of day treatment for day garbage, closed operation, automatic sorting, no secondary pollution. Full treatment of resources is realized finally. The city household garbage is divided into 48 types, which are combined into 15 types and seven sorts and the classification rate reaches 100 percent and the recycling rate reaches over 99 percent. The overall system is fast and household garbage can be treated in just 60 to 80 minutes.

Chinese Patent Number CN202028602U discloses a “Complete equipment for household garbage disposal production line” which consists of an unpacking machine and a crushing machine. A vibrating sieve and a manual sorting platform are disposed between the unpacking machine and the crushing machine. The rinsing machine is arranged on the rear side of discharge opening of the crushing machine, and belt conveying devices are disposed between the unpacking machine and the vibrating sieve and between the manual sorting platform and the crushing machine. The unpacking machine, the vibrating sieve, the manual sorting platform and the crushing machine are integrally connected via the belt conveying devices and form a continuous-operation household garbage production line together with the rinsing machine on the rear side of the discharge opening of the crushing machine. The complete equipment is compact, convenient to use and repair. It not only can separate organic matters in household garbage to be utilized as fertilizers. The machine can also be connected with equipment such as a squeezing machine and the like which disposes the household garbage to be utilized as fuel, and really meets disposal requirements of minimization, reclamation and zero pollution of the household garbage.

Chinese Patent Number CN101612630B discloses a “Harmless and recycling real-time treatment method and system for household garbage which comprises a cleaning and temporary storing device before the treatment of the household garbage, a household garbage sorting device, a plastic pelleting device, a wet degradation and pre-drying device, a secondary screening device, a fertilizer preparing device and a device for preparing the garbage derived fuel. By using the household garbage treatment method and system thereof, the household garbage can be furthest changed into wealth and can be cleared on that day, and automatization, mechanization and zero discharge are realized in the treatment process of the household garbage.

Japanese Patent No. JP2987461B2 discloses a “Garbage decomposition processing apparatus which comprises a complex array of machinery connected to each other to process and sort. Garbage is dumped into or stored in a ‘Garbage Tank’ and its drain opening is connected to a garbage crusher crushing unit inlet. Inside the garbage crusher, there is a shaft and a stirring blade. Revolving gear meshes, on the inside of the side plate of the processing machine are present and the processing unit is heat insulated. In addition, a water reservoir is also provided to provide water for mixing with the garbage and also an air supply unit, with exhaust pipe with gas adsorbent. A heating plate helps to heat the material in processing unit. A microbial agent is used for decomposition of the organic material. The operation of the entire machine is by means of an electrical control panel and the same is referred to as ‘garbage decomposition and processing apparatus”. Chinese Patent Number CN101468789B discloses a “Domestic garbage transformation technique, system and apparatus without conventional fuel for supporting combustion. ” The invention provides a process, a system and equipment for converting household garbage without support combustion of the prior fuels, which relates to a process and equipment for processing garbage. The process is characterized in that the household garbage is sent into a gasification furnace or an incinerator after separating, dehydrating by rolling compaction and air-drying treatment; garbage fuel is converted in the furnace by a mode of gasification or incineration, and is subjected to baking, pyrogenation, gasification and carbon residue burn-out in the furnace; the converted synthesis gas is used for cleaning energy; waste heat of incineration is absorbed by heat- exchange equipment for reclamation; garbage rolling liquid is sent into a digesting machine for anaerobic fermentation so as to produce biogas, the biogas is used as auxiliary fuel of the incinerator, and the digested residue and residual liquid are used for fertilizing crops; and inorganic substances separated from the garbage are used as raw materials to manufacture bricks, and clinker discharged from the incinerator or the gasification furnace is used for producing cement or fertilizer. The process, the system and the equipment comprehensively utilize the garbage so as to achieve complete dissolving treatment, and the equipment has a simple structure and low investment cost, and is easy to popularize.

Korean Patent No. KR20150105299 A discloses an “Intergrated equipment for omni bearing treatment of kitchen garbage and production method of products. ” The present invention relates to the integration device and a product manufacturing method for processing kitchen waste with 360- degree, center the intelligent automatic control systems, air handling systems, straw (straw) biochemical systems, advanced oxidation artificial force deactivation system, compound screening and impurities removal systems, complex biological systems, automatic drying system, combined transport systems, waste plastics reverse engineering system, the sludge treatment system consists of a septic system, oil processing systems, and high temperature smoke complex processing system, and the production of products and nutrition microorganism It includes a protein feeds, mineral station III diesel, biodiesel, diesel oil painting, low sulfur clean coal fuel, hybrid charged adsorbent, recycling industrial water and the like. Resource utilization of kitchen garbage amounted to more than 95% in the production process basically wastewater discharge and sludge transferred, greenhouse gas emissions, odor emissions and there is no residue transfer, advanced integration might eco-friendly, safe and reliable in the processing of kitchen waste It allows to provide production equipment and production methods.

United States Patent Application No. US20040127355A1 discloses a “Device and process for processing organic waste. ” Organic matter is converted into a composition or outcome after it is deemed to be waste but before it is finally disposed of or used, for example as compost. One outcome is a solid of substantially fixed shape made of the pieces of organic matter, optionally bound together with a binder. The outcome is dry enough to substantially reduce microbial growth and related odors. The outcome is more convenient to handle and less offensive than raw organic waste and so encourages users to divert organic waste from other garbage and to participate in composting or other programs. The outcome can also be kept in the home or garage for extended periods of time without creating intolerable odors and so the user may take garbage to the curb less often than once a week. Processes for making outcomes involve reducing raw organic waste to pieces, drying the raw organic waste and, optionally mixing the pieces with a binder or water, forming the mixture into a shape and drying the formed mixture into a solid. Apparatuses for performing the processes may include a portable receiving module that interacts with a processing module. The outcomes decompose when exposed to the weather and may be used privately, for example as compost, or exchanged for consideration to an organization. The device offers various options for the processing of garbage to different products e.g. fertilizer, building blocks by mixing of binders etc. to the biomass etc. etc.

Chinese Patent Application No. CN1009808B discloses a “Process and device for working up household, industrial and other similar waste. ” After the primary waste crushing, the same is subjected to magnetic separation, classification, drying and segmentation. Then secondary crushing is carried out to form particles. This is followed by mixing two kinds of crushed material, dried and subdivided to grade fibrous material and particulate material. The processing method is simple and economical to reduce processing costs.

US Patent Application No. US5335425A discloses a “Dry-processing apparatus for heating and drying objects to be processed. ” The invention relates to a dry-processing apparatus for dry-processing objects to be dried such as foods, industrial materials, garbage and industrial waste and in particular to a dry-processing apparatus relatively small in size, convenient and sanitary in use for heat-drying raw garbage, foodstuff, feedstuff and powdered materials generated in kitchens or hospitals and other waste having a relatively high moisture content. The invention consists of an apparatus which further consists of a heat insulating container interposed between an inner container for accommodating objects to be dried and a condensing outer container which is cooled by a fan. The inner container is made of a microwave transmittable material having excellent heat resistance. The adopted heat insulating container is made of a microwave reflecting material. Microwaves are generated by a microwave oscillator to heat the objects to generate vapor from the objects. The generated vapor contacts the cooled condensing outer container so as to be condensed into water. A temperature sensor is provided at the upper portion of the condensing outer container so as to detect the temperature of the generated vapor to thereby control the heating and drying operation.

US Patent Application No. US6017475A discloses a “Process of transforming household garbage into useful material. " The same comprises an apparatus, system, and batch or continuous flow method of thermodynamically reducing and converting household garbage into useful by-products capable of being recycled and reused or otherwise transformed into useful articles. The method of transforming household garbage into useful material comprises the steps of: providing a quantity of household garbage having a first volume and a liquid content; reducing the garbage having a first volume to an aggregate shard having a second volume smaller than the first volume; optionally expelling liquid from the aggregate shard; and heating the aggregate shard under pressure greater than ambient pressure to create an aggregate shard pulp. An embodiment of the system includes: a grinder for reducing the volume of the household garbage to an aggregate shard; an optional expeller for extracting liquids from the aggregate shard; and a hydrolyzer which may be a batch or a continuous flow hydrolyzer for decomposing the remaining aggregate shard after the liquid has been removed and transforming it into an aggregate shard pulp.

Chinese Patent Application Number CN101886010A discloses a “Method for preparing regeneration pellet fuel of urban household garbage. The invention provides a method for preparing the regeneration pellet fuel of urban household garbage, which adopts the following steps of: comprehensive treatment of household garbage, burdening, secondary mixing and crushing material drying fuel forming cooling and packaging and the like. The regeneration pellet fuel of the urban household garbage prepared by the method has the advantages that: the burdening process is adopted in the process of preparing garbage fuel to balance a heat value of the garbage fuel; the garbage fuel is prepared by adopting fully- mechanized assembly line operation, the process of garbage disposal has no phenomenon of material retention, no secondary pollution and no generation of garbage percolate and reduces mosquitoes and flies and the stench grade to the lowest limit, and simultaneously, the heat value of combustible matters in the processing process is not lost basically; and the fuel is dried first before forming, and has the high heat efficiency.

Chinese Patent Application Number CN103717715A discloses “Systems and methods for producing engineered fuel feed stocks from waste material. Systems and methods for producing engineered fuels from solid waste material are described. In some embodiments, a method includes receiving a waste stream at a multi-material processing platform and separating the waste stream to remove non-processable waste and marketable recyclables. The method further includes conveying processable materials to a material classification system and incorporating additives to produce an engineered fuel from the constituents of the waste stream.

None of the prior art systems are ‘smart systems’ and DO NOT have means to digitally communicate to an end defined user that what was the quantity of raw garbage added, types of individual components sorted and finally the quantity of fuel pellets produced and their calorific value. The present invention specifically creates a data record of raw garbage added, quantity of individual components sorted out and finally the total quantity of fuel pellets produced and their calorific value. The machine does not leave the organic matter untreated but dries and compresses it to make a fuel pellet, having high commercial value. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a smart machine for processing of unsorted garbage in a fast, efficient and economical manner. The machine uses almost 95% less water than conventional machines, which process garbage and use water for washing and cooling of the garbage processing machines. Further, the machine is highly energy efficient because it does not use any energy for heating and drying of the garbage. Rather the machine uses a novel and innovative mechanism of ‘in-situ’ heating, in which the heat generated during grinding using specially designed blades, helps in the drying of the garbage and pulverizing it to produce a dry, fluffy powder which can be used to produce commercially useful products e.g. fuel, filler material etc. The vapors given off during the ‘in-situ’ drying process are condensed and re-circulated to cool the machine and other purposes, thus drastically reducing water consumption compared to conventional machines. Other novel features of the machine include ‘zero emission’ during processing of the un sorted waste since during processing or after processing, no harmful gases are discharged into the atmosphere nor did any leachates are produced which can contaminate water resources. The machine consists of a Garbage receiving vessel (2), a pulveriser (3), a cooling tank (14), a vacuum pump (20) and a control panel with wireless modem. The entire operation of the machine is fully automated, making garbage processing a clean, fast, efficient and safe operation. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to disclose a smart machine which can process unsorted garbage into commercially useful products in an energy efficient manner, without the need of large volumes of water as used conventionally. A further object is to disclose that the machine is highly energy efficient as it does not use any drier or heating component.

One more object is to disclose that the machine is a smart machine which ensures fool proof and tamper proof communication for each processed batch in form of a continuous log.

A still further object is to disclose that the machine does not emit any harmful vapors or gases into the atmosphere

A still one more object is to disclose that the machine does not produce any leachates at all. A last object is to disclose that the machine is a ‘zero emission’ machine producing no pollutants at all- neither in air, nor water and nor for any landfill.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig 1 : Block diagram of the working process of present machine Fig 2: Back Isometric view of the present invention Fig 3: Back View of the present invention Fig 4: Front Isometric View of the present invention Fig 5: Front View of the present invention Fig 6: Side View of the present invention Fig 7: Top View of the present invention

Numbering Details:

1. Electric Motor

2. Main vessel

3. Pulveriser consisting of specially designed cutting blade (3 A)

4. Bin for collection of treated waste

5. Electrically actuated drain valve 6. Limit switch

7. Electromagnetic Lock

8. Top Lid of main vessel

9. Pressure Sensor

10. Lilter Assembly

11. Limit switch

12. No return valve

13. Temperature Sensor

14. Cooling Tank

15. Level Switch

16. Cooling Coil

17. Cooling Compressor

18. Solenoid Valve for overflow from water tank

19. Ball Valve for overflow from water tank

20. Vacuum Pump

21. Waste water tank

22. Level Switch for water tank

23. Solenoid valve for water tank

24. Water tank for recirculation of water and condensate

25. Solenoid Valve for overflow from water tank

26. Ball valve for overflow from water tank (24)

27. Control Panel (PLC) with modem

28. Temperature Sensor fitted in main vessel (2)

29. Weight Sensor (Load Cell) fitted main vessel (2)

30. Wireless Modem

31. Recirculation Pump for cooling of vacuum pump (20)

32. Vibration Pad to stop vibration

33. Supporting Prame to absorb vibration

34. Actuator-I for actuating opening/closing of top lid (8)

35. Actuator-II for actuating opening/closing of drain valve (5) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a smart machine for processing of unsorted garbage in a fast, efficient and economical manner. The machine uses almost 95% less water than conventional machines, which process garbage and use water for washing and cooling of the garbage processing machines. Further, the machine is highly energy efficient because it does not use any energy for heating and drying of the garbage. Rather the machine uses a novel and innovative mechanism of ‘in-situ’ heating, in which the heat generated during grinding using four specially designed blades (3 A) which help in the drying of the garbage and pulverizing it to produce a dry, fluffy powder which can be used to produce commercially useful products e.g. fuel, filler material etc. The vapors given off during the ‘in-situ’ drying process are condensed and re- circulated to cool the machine and other purposes, thus drastically reducing water consumption compared to conventional machines. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS:

The machine consists of the following parts: a. Garbage receiving vessel (2): This is a large container of suitable capacity, made of suitable material such as mild steel/stainless steel and has a top lid (8). b. Pulveriser (3): This is a mechanical assembly fitted inside the garbage receiving vessel (2) and consists of specially designed four metal blades (3A) made up HARDOX 500 and 400 and D2 material. A metallic nanoparticle is sprayed on these blades which give more cutting efficiency and durability to these blades. All the four blades are fitted at an angle which is in the range of 30 DEGREE TO 60 DEGREE to each other. Pulveriser is operated with the help of electrical motor (1). Due to special blades and variable speed of rotation, a temperature in the range of 75 to 200 degree centigrade is achieved in garbage receiving vessel (2). The heat generated is not with the help of any external heating mechanism but only due to heat generated due to friction of specially designed blades, and the soring temperature helps in killing germs and pathogens. (3A) set at particular angle and rotated at particular speed under vacuum. Two operations are simultaneously carried out due to this single operation- One is pulverising of waste and other is heat generation. c. Cooling tank (14): This is made of suitable material such as mild / stainless steel consisting of cooling coil (16), which is further connected to cooling Compressor (17). d. Vacuum Pump (20): This is provided to generate negative pressure in the garbage receiving vessel (2) to suck vapours and other volatile gases into the cooling tank (14) through a filter (10). e. Control Panel (27): This consists of a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) with HMI (Human machine interface touch screen panel) which automatically controls all operations by means of sensors and actuators such as temperature Probe (28) (13), electrically actuated drain valve (5), Solenoid Valves (25) (18), Limit switches (6) (11), Level sensors (15) (22), Pressure Sensor (9) and an electromagnetic Lock (7).

Further it is connected to a wireless modem (30) for remote monitoring and control. f. Supporting Frame (30): The whole machine is fitted on a supporting frame (30) and vibration pads (32) are provided at four legs of the said frame to absorb the vibration produced in the said frame during operation. Process Description

Process flow chart is given in Fig. 1 and the manner in which the various parts of the machine are linked together is given in Fig. 2. i. Loading and pre-crushing under vacuum: The garbage is put into the machine by loading into the garbage receiving vessel (2). Thereafter the machine is switched on which with the help of Actuator-I, closes the lid of the vessel (8) by means of electromagnetic lock (7). Thereafter, the pulveriser (3) starts its operation of pre- crushing of the garbage by means of a specially designed blade (3A) which reduces the volume of garbage, at slow speed under vacuum, which is created in the vessel by means of vacuum pump (20). ii. High speed crushing and drying by in-situ heat generation: Thereafter, the speed of the pulveriser (3) is increased to further process the pre-processed garbage at high speed so that the in-situ heat is generated by mechanical friction of the specially designed blades (3A) and helps in drying the garbage further, without the need for external heating. iii. Vapour condensation: The vapours which are given off during high speed crushing of the pre-processed garbage, are hot and condensed in the cooling vessel (14) which contains the cooling coil (16) which is further connected to the cooling compressor (17). Thus, the hot condensed water is re-circulated through vacuum pump (20) into the cooling tank (14) after passing through cooling coil (16). iv. Cooling of the dried, pulverized product (fluffy powder) obtained from the garbage: The powder is cooled by reducing the speed of the pulveriser (3) and also injection of atmospheric air into the vessel (2) by opening the vacuum release valve. The recirculation pump (31) is used for the cooling of the vacuum pump.

V. Harvesting of the product: Thereafter, the cooled, pulverized, dry, odourless powder is collected by opening of the electromagnetically controlled drain valve (5), into the collection bin (4) automatically.

The entire operation is safe and without any human intervention at all, thus avoiding any possibility of accident caused due to operation of heavy machinery.

Example- 1

100 kg of mixed municipal waste sample from SAS Nagar, Punjab (INDIA), without any segregation at all, was fed into the machine inlet directly, without washing or addition of any water at all. The composition of the raw unsorted garbage is given below in Table 1: Table 1 Composition of raw unsorted garbage Thereafter, in the machine, the waste got pulverized to dry powder by specially designed blades of the machine, wherein the heat energy produced due to friction helped in drying the material during crushing and pulverization. The vapours released during the grinding process were condensed in the re- circulating system of the machine and helped in cooling of the machine. The volume of the garbage got reduced to about l/5 ^th i.e. about 80% reduction in volume. The weight of the powdered material obtained was about 61.35 kg i.e. recovery of around 60%. The total time taken for processing of the garbage was about 45-50 minutes. Power consumption was about 0.3 kW per kg of the raw garbage i.e. total 30 kW.

Analytical values of the end product obtained after processing of the unsorted garbage are given in Table 2 below:

Table 2 Analytical Values of the end product after processing of garbage Novelty, Inventive Step and Industrial Application

Novelty- The smart garbage processing machine of present invention, which uses ‘in- situ’ heat energy generated by friction of specially designed blades, for the drying of garbage, without the use of any external heating equipment or device, is novel and neither disclosed in the prior art nor anticipated by any of the prior art machines. Other novel features of the machine include ‘zero emission’ during processing of the unsorted waste since during processing or after processing, no harmful gases are discharged into the atmosphere nor did any leachates produce, which can contaminate water resources.

Inventive step- The technical advancement of knowledge lies in disclosing a machine and its detailed operation, to process unsorted garbage (municipal solid waste), in a manner which is fast, safe, economical and friendly for environment since neither any harmful gases are produced nor any leachates are produced which can contaminate the water resources. Further, the machine uses minimal water unlike prior art machines which consume large quantities of water and uses no external heating equipment for drying of garbage. Rather, it uses a unique mechanism of ‘in-situ’ drying in which heat energy generated during grinding of the garbage is utilized for ‘drying’, thus making the process energy efficient and economical.

Industrial Application- The machine has immense industrial application for processing of MSW (municipal solid waste) and can be easily manufactured at commercial scale by industries engaged in manufacture of such equipment.