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Title:
STORAGE STABLE PHEROMONE COMPOSITIONS AND SYSTEMS
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2024/081627
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to methods to stabilize and improve efficacy and storage of alcohol and/or aldehyde semiochemicals in various compositions and formulations. The methods include, but are not limited to, selective reduction of fatty acids and alcohol impurities, contacting a pheromone with a silylating agent, packaging having an oleophobic layer and a vacuum-seal layer, vacuum-sealed packaging that can include an inert gas, packaging including a desiccant, and/or packaging that includes an antioxidant. Methods of the invention can be customized to use one or more of the described techniques in systems employing one or more pheromones to reduce or eliminate decomposition of the pheromone active ingredient(s) (AIs).

Inventors:
CELAJE JEFF (US)
CRUM TYLER (US)
GUG JEONGIN (US)
KIM CHANJOONG (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2023/076443
Publication Date:
April 18, 2024
Filing Date:
October 10, 2023
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
PROVIVI INC (US)
International Classes:
A01M1/02; A01M1/20; A01N25/22; A01N27/00; A01P7/04
Domestic Patent References:
WO1991001085A11991-02-07
Foreign References:
US5750129A1998-05-12
JP2018167908A2018-11-01
US20090314676A12009-12-24
US20010053372A12001-12-20
US20120280055A12012-11-08
CN112079679A2020-12-15
US20200039900A12020-02-06
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
CATAXINOS, Edgar R. (US)
Download PDF:
Claims:
CLAIMS What may be claimed is: 1. A semiochemical dispenser system comprising: an active ingredient comprising a low fatty acid content aldehyde semiochemical composition; and a vacuum-sealed package configured to minimize oxygen exposure and oxidation of the active semiochemical composition. 2. The semiochemical dispenser system of claim 1, wherein the package includes an inert gas. 3. The semiochemical dispenser system of claim 2, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen. 4. The semiochemical dispenser system of claim 1, wherein the package includes an oxygen-absorbing desiccant. 5. The semiochemical dispenser system of claim 3, wherein the package further includes an oxygen-absorbing desiccant. 6 The semiochemical dispenser system of claim 1 herein the semiochemical is a pheromone. 7. A semiochemical dispenser system comprising: an active ingredient comprising a semiochemical composition; and a vacuum-sealed package having an interior layer of oleophobic material configured to minimize semiochemical permeation and minimize oxygen exposure and oxidation of the active ingredient. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the oleophobic material comprises cellophane or cellulose. 9. The system of claim 7, the outer vacuum seal layer material is selected from the group consisting of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), nylon, and polylactic acid (PLA). 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the inner oleophobic material and an outer vacuum seal layer consist of one film. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the semiochemical composition comprises an aldehyde or an acetate compound. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the vacuum-sealed package comprises one or more interior bags having an oleophobic material contained within an exterior vacuum- sealed bag. 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the vacuum-sealed package further includes an inert gas. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen. 15. The system of claim 7, wherein the vacuum-sealed package further includes an oxygen-absorbing desiccant. 16. The system of claim 7 herein the semiochemical is a pheromone. 17. A method for stabilizing and improving the efficacy of alcohol and/or aldehyde semiochemicals comprising: providing a pheromone having an aldehyde or alcohol moiety; and contacting the pheromone with a silylating agent. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the silylating agent comprises a trialkyl silyl compound. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the silylating agent comprises a triisoproylsilyl chloride. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the pheromone comprises an aldehyde pheromone selected from the group consisting of (Z)-13-Octadecenal (Z13-18Ald), (Z)-9-Octadecenal (Z9-18Ald), (Z)-9-Hexadecenal (Z9-16Ald), (Z)-11-Octadecenal (Z11-18Ald), and (Z)-11-Hexadecenal (Z11-16Ald). 21. A method for preventing the build-up of fatty acids in alcohol and/or aldehyde semiochemoicals comprising: providing a pheromone having an aldehyde or alcohol moiety; and contacting the pheromone with a silylating agent. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein preventing the build-up of fatty acid comprises reducing the fatty acid concentration to under 0.5% of a pheromone blend in the formulation. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein preventing the build-up of fatty acid comprises comprises reducing the fatty acid concentration to under 0.1% of a pheromone blend in the formulation. 24. A semiochemical dispenser system comprising: an active ingredient comprising a semiochemical composition; and a vacuum-sealed package having an interior layer of oleophobic material configured to minimize semiochemical permeation and minimize oxygen exposure and oxidation of the active ingredient. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the oleophobic material comprises cellophane or cellulose. 26. The system of claim 24, the outer vacuum seal layer material is selected from the group consisting of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), nylon, and polylactic acid (PLA). 27. The system of claim 24, wherein the inner oleophobic material and an outer vacuum seal layer consist of one film. 28. The system of claim 24, wherein the semiochemical composition comprises an aldehyde or an acetate compound. 29. The system of claim 24, wherein the vacuum-sealed package comprises one or more interior bags having an oleophobic material contained within an exterior vacuum- sealed bag. 30. The system of claim 24, wherein the vacuum-sealed package further includes an inert gas. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the vacuum-sealed package further includes an oxygen-absorbing desiccant. 33. The system of claim 24 wherein the semiochemical is a pheromone. 34. A method of reducing the degradation of an aldehyde pheromone comprising: providing an aldehyde pheromone formulation; and reducing the fatty acid concentration the formulation. 35. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing the fatty acid concentration comprises reacting the fatty acid with an isocyanate to form an amide. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the isocyanate comprises methyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and any combination thereof. 37. The method of claim 34, wherein reducing the fatty acid concentration comprises converting the fatty acid to a triisoprylsilyl ester derivative. 38. The method of claim 34, wherein reducing the fatty acid concentration comprises esterifying the fatty acid with a hydroxyl (-OH) group. 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the hydroxyl group is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(butylene adipate-co- terephthalate) (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are terminated with hydroxyl groups. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein reducing the fatty acid concentration comprises reacting the fatty acid with calcium bicarbonate to form carbonic acid. 41. The method of claim 34, wherein reducing the fatty acid concentration the formulation comprises reducing the fatty acid concentration to under 0.5% of a pheromone blend in the formulation. 42. The method of claim 34, wherein reducing the fatty acid concentration the formulation comprises reducing the fatty acid concentration to under 0.1% of a pheromone blend in the formulation.
Description:
STORAGE STABLE PHEROMONE COMPOSITIONS AND SYSTEMS PRIORITY CLAIM This application claims the benefit of the filing date of United States Provisional Patent Application Serial Number 63/414,879, filed October 10, 2022 for “STORAGE STABLE PHEROMONE COMPOSITIONS AND SYSTEMS” which are incorporated herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to methods to stabilize and improve efficacy and storage of alcohol and/or aldehyde semiochemicals and/or dispensers via multiple methods including, but not limited to packaging, including , but not limited to selective reduction of fatty acids (aldol decomposition catalyst) and alcohol impurities (mating disruption antagonists), , but not limited to packaging having an oleophobic layer and a vacuum-seal layer, , but not limited to vacuum-sealed packaging that can include an inert gas, , but not limited to packaging including a desiccant, and/or , but not limited to packaging that includes an antioxidant.   DESCRIPTION OF THE ART As the global demand for food grows, there is an increasing need for effective pest control. Conventional insecticides are among the most popular chemical control agents because they are readily available, rapid acting, and highly reliable. However, the overuse, misuse, and abuse of these chemicals have led to resistant pests, alteration of the natural ecology, and in some cases, environmental damage. The use of semiochemicals such as insect pheromones to control pest populations has gained increasing popularity as a viable, safe, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional insecticides. Since their discovery in the late 1950s, these molecules have shown efficacy in reducing insect populations through a variety of methods, including mass trappings, attract and kill, and mating disruption. The latter method represents a non-toxic means of pest control and utilizes the ability of synthetic pheromones to mask naturally occurring pheromones, thereby causing confusion and mating disruption. Although pheromones have significant potential in agricultural insect control, the presence of pheromones contain various components and impurities that cause degradation of the compounds, particularly in systems employing multiple pheromones. For example, fatty acid impurities in pheromones promote accelerated degradation of the main aldehyde active ingredients. Many techniques have been attempted to stabilize aldehyde products. One such technique involves use of radical scavengers, which has met with unacceptable results. Aldehyde pheromones also demonstrate significant degradation when stored long term under tropical conditions (i.e. presumed average temperature of 40 °C). Although aldehyde pheromones containing antioxidant stabilizers can be stored long term in a refrigerator, the use of refrigeration for storage and transport of pheromones has been found to be problematic in commercial settings, particularly in remote agricultural areas. It has been found that a large amount of decomposition occurs when these aldehydes are stored long term at higher temperatures, particularly when levels of fatty acid impurities are high. Additionally, pheromone decomposition occurs via aldehyde oxidation in the presence of oxygen within the packaging. Other pheromones, such as conjugated diene systems that are common in natural products, are sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, among other things. In an effort to overcome the problem, antioxidants and UV absorbers have been used with limited success. In view of the foregoing, there remains a need for a cost-effective system to stabilize pheromones in the field and during storage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND EXAMPLES The present invention describes methods to stabilize and improve efficacy and storage of alcohol and/or aldehyde semiochemicals in various compositions and formulations. The methods include, but are not limited to, selective reduction of fatty acids and alcohol impurities, packaging having an oleophobic layer and a vacuum-seal layer, vacuum-sealed packaging that can include an inert gas, packaging including a desiccant, and/or packaging that includes an antioxidant. Methods of the invention can be customized to use one or more of the described techniques in systems employing one or more pheromones to reduce or eliminate decomposition of the pheromone active ingredient(s) (AIs). The compositions may be formulated in a myriad of delivery forms that include, inter alia, granules, sprays, flakes, strings, and dispensers. In aspects, the present disclosure relates to a controlled-release agrochemical dispenser comprising: a matrix; and a semiochemical composition contained within the matrix. In aspects, the present disclosure relates to a controlled-release agrochemical flake comprising a matrix; and a semiochemical composition contained within the matrix. In aspects, the present disclosure relates to a controlled-release agrochemical granule comprising: a matrix; and a semiochemical composition contained within the matrix. Silylation In certain embodiments, the present invention describes ways in which to mitigate the impact of fatty acid impurities in pheromones containing aldehydes or alcohols, thereby conferring stability to aldehyde products that cannot be stabilized with radical scavengers alone. For example, silylation of these fatty acid impurities using triisoproylsilyl chloride is a chemical alteration that prevents the otherwise dramatic degradation of the aldehydes via an aldol degradation pathway. Silylation was found to be an efficient method in which the aldehyde product could be salvaged when high levels of fatty acids are present. Without silylation of the fatty acids, the aldehyde product will degrade to an unacceptable level even when adequate amounts of stabilizers are added. Silylation was found to also prevent the buildup of fatty acids during production. Any silylating agent capable of stabilizing and aldehyde containing pheromone can be used. Suitable silylating agents include trialkyl silyl compounds. In a particular embodiment, triisopropylsilyl chloride was tested and was shown to neither: 1) decompose over time; nor 2) be so bulky of a molecule as to dramatically decrease the overall purity of the main aldehyde product. Furthermore, this is a scalable chemistry that does not produce compounds that would be of potential toxicological concerns. The use of particular silylating agents can be optimized to prevent the buildup of fatty acids and/or stabilize the pheromone. For example, the conditions for silylation of the Z11-16OH impurity in Z11-16Ald is different from silylation of the fatty acids. The Z11-16OH does not effectively silylate with triethylamine and triisoproylsilyl chloride. Alternatively, using unoptimized conditions, one percent (1%) of Z11-16OH can undergo silylation using imidazole (8 equiv) and triethylsilylchloride (4 equiv). The present invention can be used for any aldehyde pheromone products. Representative aldehyde insect pheromones products include (Z)-13-Octadecenal (Z13- 18Ald), (Z)-9-Octadecenal (Z9-18Ald), ( (Z)-9-Hexadecenal (Z9-16Ald), (Z)-11- Octadecenal (Z11-18Ald), and (Z)-11-Hexadecenal (Z11-16Ald). The described methods allow for the use of batches of pheromones that would otherwise fail due to high levels of fatty acid, resulting from over oxidations. Furthermore, this technology can potentially be applied to alcohol moieties as a way to reduce the alcohol content of aldehyde products. This is especially attractive where an alcohol may be an antagonist to the target pest and therefore hinder the performance of the product. As previously stated, fatty acid impurities are detrimental to the long-term storage stability of aldehydes because they cause aldol decomposition, which are generally known to be catalyzed by acids. In order to stabilize the aldehyde batch, the fatty acids were converted into non-acidic triisopropyl ester derivatives. By way of example, a representative route demonstrates the effective conversion of a fatty acid (palmitoleic acid) to the triisopropylsilyl derivative (3-Penten-2-one, 4,[(dimethyloctadecylsilyl)oxy]-, as shown:

In particular embodiments, further optimization can be made on the process described above, but the representative route allows for effective conversion of the fatty acid to the triisoproylsilyl derivative. In other embodiments, the silyl group can be altered. As shown, the triisopropyl group provides desired results from a cost, scalability, and toxicological standpoint. In additional embodiments the representative route can be utilized to prevent the buildup of aldol reaction byproducts in semiochemicals, including pheromones. To prove that this stabilization strategy works, stability studies that followed Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines were performed to show that triisopropylsilylation of fatty acid impurities confers stability to aldehydes. The results summarized in Table 1 show that whereas an aldehyde that contains 11% fatty acids fails the test (Sample No.1), three batches wherein the fatty acid impurities have been converted to triisopropylsilyl esters (Samples 3-5) all passed the test (i.e. <5% decomposition after 14 days of storage in an environmental chamber maintained at 54 °C) and can therefore be considered stable to storage at ambient temperature for 2 years. Notably, derivatization of fatty acids into triisopropylsilylesters stabilized the aldehydes against aldol reactions, thus stabilizing the sample. The sample with antioxidants, such as BHT and TBHQ (Sample No.2), did not stabilize the sample. Table 1. Stability Studies Showing Triisopropylsilylation of Fatty Acid Impurities Confer Stability to Aldehydes. Sample  S ample Name Day  a a % of Day 0 b No. 0 weight%  Day 14 weight%  4 Vacuum Packaging Another embodiment of the present invention describes pheromone dispensers containing an active ingredient that can be stabilized in a vacuum-sealed oleophobic packaging by minimizing the oxidation and permeation of the active ingredient. The packaging bag can include an oleophobic layer that minimizes pheromone permeation and a vacuum-seal layer that minimizes oxygen exposure and oxidation of the active ingredient. The oleophobic film layer acts to minimize the permeation of the pheromone from a dispenser into packaging. In a particular embodiment, the inner oleophobic layer material can be selected from commercially available oleophobic compounds, such as cellophane and cellulose. Any suitable oleophobic containing material known in the art can be used. In some embodiments, the outer vacuum seal layer material can be selected from commercially available materials, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), nylon, or polylactic acid (PLA), or any suitable material that prevents oxygen exposure of the pheromone. The vacuum bag surface can be flat or embossed and can be varied to accommodate any size or shape of pheromone compound. In alternative embodiments, the vacuum-sealed package may include an inert gas, such as nitrogen. In other embodiments, the number of inner and outer layers, such as single or multiple, can be varied. In alternative embodiments, the inner oleophobic layer and the outer vacuum seal layer can be combined into one film. Representative pheromone dispensers packaged in vacuum-sealed oleophobic packages are shown in FIG.1. The active ingredients of the pheromone dispenser can include any pheromone composition, such as aldehyde and acetate, and can be varied. It is understood that the number of dispensers per bag can be varied. Likewise, the size of the dispenser and bag can be varied to accommodate particular needs. A trial was performed to determine stability data for various vacuum-sealed oleophobic package types and a non-vacuum packaging. Specifically, the following four vacuum sealed packages were tested: i) Cellophane/LDPE; ii) Cellulose/PLA; iii) Metal coated cellulose/PLA;and iv) Cellulose/metal coated cellulose/PLA. For the non-vacuum packaging, a coffee bag consisting of LDPE and metal coated cellulose was used. As shown in FIG. 2, all vacuum-sealed oleophobic packages performed better than the non-vacuum package, retaining better than about 97% residual active ingredient. Reduction/Removal of Fatty Acid Content The present invention describes ways to stabilize aldehyde pheromones that allows for long term storage under tropical conditions (i.e. presumed average temperature of 40 °C). As previously discussed, a large amount of decomposition occurs when these aldehydes are stored long term at higher temperatures, particularly when levels of fatty acid impurities are high. We have found that aldehyde pheromones in film dispensers that contain even as little as 1% of fatty acid impurities decompose via predominantly aldol reactions (a non-radical decomposition pathway against which antioxidant stabilizers are ineffective) over a few months at high temperature. It is therefore critically important to keep fatty acid concentration very low. Regarding the conversion of fatty acids into non-acidic compounds, it was discovered that conversion into triisopropyl silyl esters confers stability. The triisopropyl silyl group also provides advantages from a cost, scalability, and toxicological standpoint. In a particular embodiment, the general synthetic scheme is as follows: It is understood that further optimization can be made on this process, but the current route allows for effective conversion of the fatty acid to the triisoprylsilyl ester derivative. In another embodiment, the derivatization method includes the conversion of the fatty acids into amides upon reaction with isocyanates. Isocyanates may include, but are not limited to, methyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and any combination of them. This method can be incorporated during the compounding step for biodegradable formulations. In yet another embodiment, removal of fatty acids is conducted through conversion of the fatty acids into amides using isocyanates, as follows: R-COOH + NCO-R' → R-CONH-R' + CO 2 ↑ In an alternative embodiment, fatty acids are esterified by the reaction with hydroxyl (-OH) groups that are readily available in biodegradable formulations that include cellulose, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are terminated with hydroxyl groups: HO-[m]n-OH, where m is the monomeric unit and n is the number of monomeric units. The formation of biodegradable formulations can include compounding active ingredients and inactive ingredients at elevated temperatures (60- 90 °C), at which the esterification of fatty acids readily occurs. In another embodiment, fatty acids are removed via the esterification of fatty acids, as represented below: R-COOH + OH-R'' → R-COO-R'' + H2O↑ In an alternative embodiment, fatty acids can be removed through reaction with Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 , as follows: the aldehyde pheromones, which should be avoided. In order to avoid the basic counterions of Ca 2+ , a less basic counterion is used to decompose into nonbasic byproducts upon deprotonation of the fatty acids. Use of Ca(HCO3)2 allows generation of Ca(FA) 2 after deprotonation of the fatty acids by bicarbonate, resulting in carbonic acid that will decompose into water and carbon dioxide. This removes the acidic fatty acids and prevent them from catalyzing aldol reactions. Oxygen Removal in Packaging In another embodiment, removal of oxygen from the packaging (i.e. by purging with nitrogen gas and/or using an oxygen-absorbing desiccant) and/or use of antioxidant stabilizers prevents aldehyde oxidation (a radical decomposition pathway that occurs in the presence of oxygen). This methodology is important because the presence of oxygen and the absence of antioxidants results in the oxidation of the aldehydes into fatty acids, which, although a minor decomposition byproduct, will catalyze and increase the rate of aldol decomposition. In a particular embodiment, packaging under nitrogen gas is utilized for film dispensers. For biodegradable dispensers, packaging in a vacuum environment can be used as an additional or alternate embodiment. In yet another embodiment, a combination of nitrogen purging in combination with use of an oxygen-absorbing desiccant can be used. It has been observed that the addition of antioxidants also reduces the oxidation of the aldehydes. In particular embodiments, antioxidants can include, but are not limited to, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, CAS# 1948-33-0), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, CAS# 128-37-0), vitamin E (VE, CAS# 10191-41-0), Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) (CAS# 6683-19-8), Octadecyl 3-(3,5- di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (CAS# 2082-79-3), and any combinations thereof. Reduction of Fatty Acid and Oxygen Content In another embodiment, the combination of fatty acid reduction/removal, removal of oxygen, and addition of antioxidants together prevents aldol decomposition and oxidative decomposition, allowing for long term storage of aldehyde pheromones. Stability studies using different packaging conditions that could minimize these decomposition pathways were performed. The packaging conditions found to reduce decomposition were those where: (1) the amount of fatty acid impurity was kept at nearly 0%; (2) oxygen was removed from packaging (i.e. by purging with nitrogen or using an oxygen-absorbing dessicant); and (3) the pheromone contained a combination of two antioxidants. Fatty acid impurities are detrimental to the long-term storage stability of aldehydes because they cause aldol decomposition, which are generally known to be catalyzed by acids. As an initial gage to determine the best packaging conditions, stability studies were performed on EUP film dispensers filled with a blend that contains 1% of (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid (Z11-16FA), 1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 1% tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Different packaging conditions were used, where the coffee bag container was either sealed: 1) with air; 2) with nitrogen gas; 3) under vacuum; or 4) with air plus an oxygen-absorbing desiccant. These conditions allowed comparison of the effect of the presence or absence of oxygen in the container on the rate of decomposition at a storage temperature of 54 °C. These stability studies were patterned after Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines that claims that an active ingredient can be considered stable for two years at ambient temperature if less than 5% of decomposition occurs after storage for two weeks at 54 °C. Table 2 below shows that the aldehyde active ingredients (AIs) decompose relatively rapidly over 8 weeks, regardless of the packaging conditions. If oxidation is the main cause of decomposition, the pheromones in packaging devoid of oxygen would have smaller amounts of decomposition. The rate of decomposition is similar for all four packaging conditions, indicating that oxidative decomposition due to the presence of oxygen is not the major decomposition pathway. The fatty acid-catalyzed aldol decomposition causes the large amount and similar rate of decomposition observed over 8 weeks in all four packaging conditions. This emphasizes the importance of the initial amount of fatty acids in the aldehyde AIs prior to storage and even only 1% initial fatty acid content causes much decomposition. Table 2. Biweekly Stability Studies on Aldehyde AI Containing 1% Initial Fatty Acid Content Using Different Packaging Conditions: Measurement of AI Loss. a Length of Storage  Aldehyde AIs Remaining in Dispensers (% of Day 0)  b at 54 °C Air N 2 Vacuum Dessicant dant stabilizers. b Calculated as (AI weight% at Day 0 / AI weight% after storage at 54 °C). c Day 0 weight% calculated as an average of 3 measurements. d Average of 3 dispensers (one measurement per dispenser). The effect of removing oxygen from the packaging is illustrated in Table 3. The amount of Z11-16FA remains constant when the dispensers are packaged in coffee bags sealed with nitrogen or with desiccant. By contrast, when packaging contains air or is under vacuum (either because air remained during vacuum sealing or air slowly diffuses into the coffee bag), oxidative degradation occurred and the amount of Z11-16FA increased. The increase in the amount of Z11-16FA is small (i.e.0.8%, from 1% to 1.8%, after 8 weeks in coffee bags sealed with air) relative to the AI loss (ca.25% after 8 weeks; see Table 3). This indicates that aldol decomposition, and not oxidation, is the major degradation pathway during storage at high temperature. The Z11-16FA that forms can catalyze the aldol decomposition, making the reduction in oxidative formation of Z11- 16FA necessary to extend aldehyde AI storage stability. Table 3. Biweekly Stability Studies on Aldehyde AI Containing 1% Initial Fatty Acid Content Using Different Packaging Conditions: Measurement of Fatty Acid Formation. a Length of Storage  Amount of Z11‐16FA in Dispensers (% of w/w)  at 54 °C Air N 2 Vacuum Dessicant a xidant sta bilizers. Day 0 Z11-16FA weight% calculated as an average of 2 measurements. c One measurement from 3 different dispensers were averaged. A follow-up stability study experiment that assessed the rate of decomposition when the aldehyde AIs contained different initial fatty acid content (i.e. 0, 0.7, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.1%) was performed for a duration of 8 weeks. Table 4 shows that fatty acids catalyze the degradation of the aldehyde AIs. As the amount of Z11-16FA is increased, a greater amount of degradation was observed at the end of the stability study. Importantly, however, the best storage conditions found are those where the initial fatty acid content was 0% and the dispensers were stored in a coffee bag purged with nitrogen gas. Even after 8 weeks at 54 °C under these conditions, less than 5% of AI loss was observed. By contrast, samples with 0% initial fatty when stored in air, vacuum, or with a desiccant showed improved stability of approximately 10% AI loss after 8 weeks at 54 °C. Table 4. Stability Studies on Aldehyde AI Containing Different Initial Fatty Acid Content and Using Different Packaging Conditions.

Initial Z11‐16FA  Aldehyde AIs Remaining in Dispensers After 8 Weeks  Content at Day 0  at 54 °C (% of Day 0) t a dant stabilizers. b Calculated as (AI weight% at Day 0 / AI weight% after 8 weeks storage at 54 °C). c The Day 0 weight% was calculated as an average of 3 measurements. d The week 8 weight% was the average of 2 dispensers (one measurement per dispenser). The biodegradable dispensers were manufactured using a twin-screw extruder by compounding the aldehyde AIs, PCL, microcrystalline cellulose, antioxidants, and UV stabilizers, and extruding through a slit die. The compounding temperature was 60 – 90 °C. The residual amounts of AI in biodegradable dispensers were then packaged using two different sealing methods: vacuum sealing or no-vacuum sealing. The no-vacuum sealed packages contained air, while the vacuum-sealed ones did not contain air. After being stored at 54 °C for 2 weeks, the residual amount of the aldehyde AIs without vacuum sealing was found to be 96.6 ± 1.1 % compared to the initial amount, while that with vacuum sealing was 99.7 ± 1.0 %. This demonstrated that the oxygen-free vacuum- sealed packaging provided enhanced AI stability. The combined results of these experiments are shown in FIG.3.

FIG.3 Active Ingredients The agrochemical compositions of the present disclosure comprise an active ingredient. Persons skilled in the art can select the type and amount an active ingredient, or mixture of active ingredients (such as a pheromone), that, when used in an agrochemical composition of the present disclosure (infra), is effective for a particular agricultural application (such as the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)). The following active ingredients are non-limiting examples of active ingredients that may be used, alone or in combination, in the agrochemical compositions of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the active ingredient comprises a semiochemical. In embodiments, the semiochemical comprises allomone, a kairomone, a pheromone, and mixtures thereof. In particular embodiments, the semiochemical comprises a pheromone. In other embodiments, the pheromone comprises one or more of a sex, trail, territory, or aggregation pheromone. Non-limiting examples of insect pheromones which can be protected by the methods disclosed herein include linear alcohols and aldehydes listed in Table 5. In embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise a sex pheromone described in Table 5. In embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise a mixture of sex pheromone in Table 2. TABLE 5 C 6 -C 20 Linear Pheromones N ame Name (E)-2-Decen-1-ol (E,E)-10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol Name Name (Z,E)-3,5-Decadienyl acetate (Z,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate Name Name (E)-10-Dodecen-1-ol (E,Z)-4,6-Hexadecadienal Name Name (Z,Z,E)-3,6,8-Dodecatrien-1-ol (E,E)-10,14-Hexadecadienal te te Name Name (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate (Z)-11-Octadecenyl acetate Name Name ( Z,E)-8,10-Tetradecadien-1-ol Pests In some aspects, the present disclosure provides methods for controlling a population of one or more pests in an area (such as a field) where the agrochemical compositions of the present disclosure are applied. Persons skilled in the art can select the type and amount of an active ingredient, or mixture of active ingredients (such as a pheromone), that, when used in an agrochemical composition of the present disclosure, is effective for a particular pest (such Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)). The following are non-limiting examples of pests that may be controlled using the agrochemical compositions of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the pests comprise one or more insects. In particular embodiments, the pest comprises pests of the Phylum Nematoda. In embodiments, the pest comprises pests of the Phylum Arthropoda. In embodiments, the pest comprises pests of the Subphylum Chelicerata. In embodiments, the pests comprise pets of the Class Arachnida. In embodiments, the pests comprise pests of Subphylum Myriapoda. In embodiments, the pests comprise pests of the Class Symphyla. In embodiments, the pests comprise pests of the Subphylum Hexapoda. In embodiments, the pests comprise pests of the Class Insecta. In embodiments, the pest comprises Coleoptera (beetles). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides spp. (weevils), Acanthoscelides obtectus (common bean weevil), Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer), Agriotes spp. (wireworms), Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorned beetle), Anthonomus spp. (weevils), Anthonomus grandis (boll weevil), Aphidius spp., Apion spp. (weevils), Apogonia spp. (grubs), Ataenius spretulus (Black Turgrass Ataenius), Atomaria linearis (pygmy mangold beetle), Aulacophore spp., Bothynoderes punctiventris (beet root weevil), Bruchus spp. (weevils), Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil), Cacoesia spp., Callosobruchus maculatus (southern cow pea weevil), Carpophilus hemipteras (dried fruit beetle), Cassida vittata, Cerosterna spp., Cerotoma spp. (chrysomeids), Cerotoma trifurcate (bean leaf beetle), Ceutorhynchus spp. (weevils), Ceutorhynchus assimilis (cabbage seedpod weevil), Ceutorhynchus napi (cabbage curculio), Chaetocnema spp. (chrysomelids), Colaspis spp. (soil beetles), Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio), Cotinus nitidis (Green June beetle), Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (rusty grain beetle), Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle), Cryptolestes turcicus (Turkish grain beetle), Ctenicera spp. (wireworms), Curculio spp. (weevils), Cyclocephala spp. (grubs), Cylindrocpturus adspersus (sunflower stem weevil), Deporaus marginatus (mango leaf-cutting weevil), Dermestes Lardarius (larder beetle), Dermestes maculates (hide beetle), Diabrotica spp. (chrysolemids), Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle), Faustinus cubae, Hylobius pales (pales weevil), Hypera spp. (weevils), Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), Hyperdoes spp. (Hyperodes weevil), Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry beetle), Ips spp. (engravers), Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetle), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Liogenys fuscus, Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil), Lyctus spp. (wood beetles/powder post beetles), Maecolaspis joliveti, Megascelis spp., Melanotus communis, Meligethes spp., Meligethes aeneus (blossom beetle), Melolontha (common European cockchafer), Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes rhinoceros (date palm beetle), Oryzaephilus Mercator (merchant grain beetle), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed grain beetle), Otiorhynchus spp. (weevils), Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle), Oulema oryzae, Pantomorus spp. (weevils), Phyllophaga spp. (May/June beetle), Phyllophaga cuyabana, Phyllotreta spp. (chrysomelids), Phynchites spp., Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle), Prostephanus truncates (larger grain borer), Rhizopertha dominica (lesser grain borer), Rhizotrogus spp. (European chafer), Rhynchophorus spp. (weevils), Scolytus spp. (wood beetles), Shenophorus spp. (Billbug), Sitona lineatus (pea leaf weevil), Sitophilus spp. (grain weevils), Sitophilus granaries (granary weevil), Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil), Stegobium paniceum (drugstore beetle), Tribolium spp. (flour beetles), Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle), Trogoderma variabile (warehouse beetle), and Zabrus tenebioides. In other embodiments, the pest comprises Dictyoptera (cockroaches). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Blattella germanica (German cockroach), Blatta orientalis (oriental cockroach), Parcoblatta pennylvanica, Periplaneta americana (American cockroach), Periplaneta australoasiae (Australian cockroach), Periplaneta brunnea (brown cockroach), Periplaneta fuliginosa (smokybrown cockroach), Pyncoselus suninamensis (Surinam cockroach), and Supella longipalpa (brownbanded cockroach). In alternative embodiments, the pest comprises Diptera (true flies). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Aedes spp. (mosquitoes), Agromyza frontella (alfalfa blotch leafminer), Agromyza spp. (leaf miner flies), Anastrepha spp. (fruit flies), Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly), Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes), Batrocera spp. (fruit flies), Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly), Bactrocera dorsalis (oriental fruit fly), Ceratitis spp. (fruit flies), Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranea fruit fly), Chrysops spp. (deer flies), Cochliomyia spp. (screwworms), Contarinia spp. (gall midges), Culex spp. (mosquitoes), Dasineura spp. (gall midges), Dasineura brassicae (cabbage gall midge), Delia spp., Delia platura (seedcorn maggot), Drosophila spp. (vinegar flies), Fannia spp. (filth flies), Fannia canicularis (little house fly), Fannia scalaris (latrine fly), Gasterophilus intestinalis (horse bot fly), Gracillia perseae, Haematobia irritans (horn fly), Hylemyia spp. (root maggots), Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle grub), Liriomyza spp. (leafminer flies), Liriomyza brassica (serpentine leafminer), Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked), Musca spp. (muscid flies), Musca autumnalis (face fly), Musca domestica (house fly), Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly), Oscinella frit (frit fly), Pegomyia betae (beet leafminer), Phorbia spp., Psila rosae (carrot rust fly), Rhagoletis cerasi (cherry fruit fly), Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot), Sitodiplosis mosellana (orange wheat blossom midge), Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly), Tabanus spp. (horse flies), and Tipula spp. (crane flies). In some embodiments, the pest comprises Hemiptera (true bugs). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug), Blissus leucopterus (chinch bug), Calocoris norvegicus (potato mirid), Cimex hemipterus (tropical bed bug), Cimex lectularius (bed bug), Dagbertus fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus suturellus (cotton stainer), Edessa meditabunda, Eurygaster maura (cereal bug), Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus (brown stink bug), Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis theivora (tea blight plantbug), Lagynotomus spp. (stink bugs), Leptocorisa oratorius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus spp. (plant bugs), Lygus Hesperus (western tarnished plant bug), Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Neurocolpus longirostris, Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug), Phytocoris spp. (plant bugs), Phytocoris californicus, Phytocoris relativus, Piezodorus guildingi, Poecilocapsus lineatus (fourlined plant bug), Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Scaptocoris castanea, and Triatoma spp. (bloodsucking conenose bugs/kissing bugs). In other embodiments, the pest comprises Homoptera (aphids, scales, whiteflies, leafhoppers). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Acrythosiphon pisum (pea aphid), Adelges spp. (adelgids), Aleurodes proletella (cabbage whitefly), Aleurodicus disperses, Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly), Aluacaspis spp., Amrasca bigutella, Aphrophora spp. (leafhoppers), Aonidiella aurantia (California red scale), Aphis spp. (aphids), Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid), Aphis pomi (apple aphid), Aulacorthum solani (foxglove aphid), Bemisia spp. (whiteflies), Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci (sweetpotato whitefly), Brachycolus noxius (Russian aphid), Brachycorynella asparagi (asparagus aphid), Brevennia rehi, Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid), Ceroplastes spp. (scales), Ceroplastes rubens (red wax scale), Chionaspis spp. (scales), Chrysomphalus spp. (scales), Coccus spp. (scales), Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid), Empoasca spp. (leafhoppers), Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid), Icerya purchase (cottony cushion scale), Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus (smaller brown planthopper), Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphum spp., Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid), Macrosiphum granarium (English grain aphid), Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid), Macrosteles quadrilineatus (aster leafhopper), Mahanarva frimbiolata, Metopolophium dirhodum (rose grain aphid), Mictis longicornis, Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), Nephotettix spp. (leafhoppers), Nephotettix cinctipes (green leafhopper), Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper), Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale), Parlatoria ziziphin (ebony scale), Peregrinus maidis (corn delphacid), Philaenus spp. (spittlebugs), Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape phylloxera), Physokermes piceae (spruce bud scale), Planococcus spp. (mealybugs), Pseudococcus spp. (mealybugs), Pseudococcus brevipes (pine apple mealybug), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale), Rhapalosiphum spp. (aphids), Rhapalosiphum maida (corn leaf aphid), Rhapalosiphum padi (oat bird-cherry aphid), Saissetia spp. (scales), Saissetia oleae (black scale), Schizaphis graminum (greenbug), Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid), Sogatella furcifera (white-backed planthopper), Therioaphis spp. (aphids), Toumeyella spp. (scales), Toxoptera spp. (aphids), Trialeurodes spp. (whiteflies), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly), Trialeurodes abutiloneus (bandedwing whitefly), Unaspis spp. (scales), Unaspis yanonensis (arrowhead scale), and Zulia entreriana. In alternative embodiments, the pest comprises Hymenoptera (ants, wasps, and bees). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Acromyrrmex spp., Athalia rosae, Atta spp. (leafcutting ants), Camponotus spp. (carpenter ants), Diprion spp. (sawflies), Formica spp. (ants), Iridomyrmex humilis (Argentine ant), Monomorium ssp., Monomorium minimum (little black ant), Monomorium pharaonic (Pharaoh ant), Neodiprion spp. (sawflies), Pogonomyrmex spp. (harvester ants), Polistes spp. (paper wasps), Solenopsis spp. (fire ants), Tapoinoma sessile (odorous house ant), Tetranomorium spp. (pavement ants), Vespula spp. (yellow jackets), and Xylocopa spp. (carpenter bees). In some embodiments, the pest comprises Isoptera (termites). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes spp., Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes frenchii, Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite), Cornitermes spp. (nasute termites), Cryptotermes spp. (drywood termites), Heterotermes spp. (desert subterranean termites), Heterotermes aureus, Kalotermes spp. (drywood termites), Incistitermes spp. (drywood termites), Macrotermes spp. (fungus growing termites), Marginitermes spp. (drywood termites), Microcerotermes spp. (harvester termites), Microtermes obesi, Procornitermes spp., Reticulitermes spp. (subterranean termites), Reticulitermes banyulensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern subterranean termite), Reticulitermes hageni, Reticulitermes hesperus (western subterranean termite), Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes tibialis, Reticulitermes virginicus, Schedorhinotermes spp., and Zootermopsis spp. (rotten-wood termites). In other embodiments, the pest comprises Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Achoea janata, Adoxophyes spp., Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis spp. (cutworms), Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm), Alabama argillacea (cotton leafworm), Amorbia cuneana, Amyelosis transitella (navel orangeworm), Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer), Anomis sabulifera (jute looper), Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar), Archips argyrospila (fruit tree leafroller), Archips rosana (rose leaf roller), Argyrotaenia spp. (tortricid moths), Argyrotaenia citrana (orange tortrix), Autographa gamma, Bonagota cranaodes, Borbo cinnara (rice leaf folder), Bucculatrix thurberiella (cotton leaf perforator), Caloptilia spp. (leaf miners), Capua reticulana, Carposina niponensis (peach fruit moth), Chilo spp., Chlumetia transversa (mango shoot borer), Choristoneura rosaceana (oblique banded leaf roller), Chrysodeixis spp., Cnaphalocerus medinalis (grass leafroller), Colias spp., Conpomorpha cramerella, Cossus (carpenter moth), Crambus spp. (Sod webworms), Cydia funebrana (plum fruit moth), Cydia molesta (oriental fruit moth), Cydia nignicana (pea moth), Cydia pomonella (codling moth), Darna diducta, Diaphania spp. (stem borers), Diatraea spp. (stalk borers), Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer), Diatraea graniosella (southwestern corn borer), Earias spp. (bollworms), Earias insulata (Egyptian bollworm), Earias vitelli (rough northern bollworm), Ecdytopopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser cornstalk borer), Epiphysias postruttana (light brown apple moth), Ephestia spp. (flour moths), Ephestia cautella (almond moth), Ephestia elutella (tobacco moth), Ephestia kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth), Epimeces spp., Epinotia aporema, Erionota thrax (banana skipper), Eupoecilia ambiguella (grape berry moth), Euxoa auxiliaris (army cutworm), Feltia spp. (cutworms), Gortyna spp. (stemborers), Grapholita molesta (oriental fruit moth), Hedylepta indicate (bean leaf webber), Helicoverpa spp. (noctuid moths), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (bollworm/corn earworm), Heliothis spp. (noctuid moths), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), Hellula undalis (cabbage webworm), Indarbela spp. (root borers), Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato pinworm), Leucinodes orbonalis (eggplant fruit borer), Leucoptera malifoliella, Lithocollectis spp., Lobesia botrana (grape fruit moth), Loxagrotis spp. (noctuid moths), Loxagrotis albicosta (western bean cutworm), Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), Lyonetia clerkella (apple leaf miner), Mahasena corbetti (oil palm bagworm), Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillars), Mamestra brassicae (cabbage armyworm), Maruca testulalis (bean pod borer), Metisa plana (bagworm), Mythimna unipuncta (true armyworm), Neoleucinodes elegantalis (small tomato borer), Nymphula depunctalis (rice caseworm), Operophthera brumata (winter moth), Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer), Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana (common currant tortrix), Pandemis heparana1 (brown apple tortrix), Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm), Peridroma spp. (cutworms), Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm), Perileucoptera coffeella (white coffee leafminer), Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth), Phyllocnisitis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp. (leafminers), Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm), Plathypena scabs, Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth), Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), Polychrosis viteana (grape berry moth), Prays endocarps, Prays oleae (olive moth), Pseudaletia spp. (noctuid moths), Pseudaletia unipunctata (armyworm), Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper), Rachiplusia nu, Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow stemborer), Sesamia spp. (stemborers), Sesamia inferens (pink rice stem borer), Sesamia nonagrioides, Setora nitens, Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois grain moth), Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera spp. (armyworms), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Spodoptera oridania (southern armyworm), Synanthedon spp. (root borers), Thecla basilides, Thermisia gemmatalis, Tineola bisselliella (webbing clothes moth), Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), Tuta absoluta, Yponomeuta spp., Zeuzera coffeae (red branch borer), and Zeuzera pyrina (leopard moth). In particular embodiments, the pest comprises Mallophaga (chewing lice). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Bovicola ovis (sheep biting louse), Menacanthus stramineus (chicken body louse), and Menopon gallinea (common hen louse). In other embodiments, the pest comprises Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket), Gryllotalpidae (mole crickets), Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers), Microcentrum retinerve (angular winged katydid), Pterophylla spp. (katydids), chistocerca gregaria, Scudderia furcate (fork tailed bush katydid), and Valanga nigricorni. In alternative embodiments, the pest comprises Phthiraptera (sucking lice). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus spp. (cattle and hog lice), Linognathus ovillus (sheep louse), Pediculus humanus capitis (human body louse), Pediculus humanus (human body lice), and Pthirus pubis (crab louse). In other embodiments, the pest comprises Siphonaptera (fleas). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea), Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea), and Pulex irritans (human flea). In some embodiments, the pest comprises Thysanoptera (thrips). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips), Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips), Frankliniella shultzei Frankliniella williamsi (corn thrips), Heliothrips haemorrhaidalis (greenhouse thrips), Riphiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips), Scirtothrips dorsalis (yellow tea thrips), Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis, and Thrips spp. In other embodiments, the pest comprises Thysanura (bristletails). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Lepisma spp. (silverfish) and Thermobia spp. (firebrats). In other embodiments, the pest comprises Acarina (mites and ticks). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Acarapsis woodi (tracheal mite of honeybees), Acarus spp. (food mites), Acarus siro (grain mite), Aceria mangiferae (mango bud mite), Aculops spp., Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite), Aculops pelekasi, Aculus pelekassi, Aculus schlechtendali (apple rust mite), Amblyomma Americanum (lone star tick), Boophilus spp. (ticks), Brevipalpus obovatus (privet mite), Brevipalpus phoenicis (red and black flat mite), Demodex spp. (mange mites), Dermacentor spp. (hard ticks), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (house dust mite), Eotetranycus spp., Eotetranychus carpini (yellow spider mite), Epitimerus spp., Eriophyes spp., Ixodes spp. (ticks), Metatetranycus spp., Notoedres cati, Oligonychus spp., Oligonychus coffee, Oligonychus ilicus (southern red mite), Panonychus spp., Panonychus citri (citrus red mite), Panonychus ulmi (European red mite), Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite), Polyphagotarsonemun latus (broad mite), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick), Rhizoglyphus spp. (bulb mites), Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite), Tegolophus perseaflorae, Tetranychus spp., Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite), and Varroa destructor (honey bee mite). In other embodiments, the pest comprises Nematoda (nematodes). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Aphelenchoides spp. (bud and leaf & pine wood nematodes), Belonolaimus spp. (sting nematodes), Criconemella spp. (ring nematodes), Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm), Ditylenchus spp. (stem and bulb nematodes), Heterodera spp. (cyst nematodes), Heterodera zeae (corn cyst nematode), Hirschmanniella spp. (root nematodes), Hoplolaimus spp. (lance nematodes), Meloidogyne spp. (root knot nematodes), Meloidogyne incognita (root knot nematode), Onchocerca volvulus (hook-tail worm), Pratylenchus spp. (lesion nematodes), Radopholus spp. (burrowing nematodes), and Rotylenchus reniformis (kidney-shaped nematode). In other embodiments, the pest comprises Symphyla (symphylans). A non- exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, Scutigerella immaculata. Agrochemical Compositions Sprayable formulations of the various embodiments of the inventions include any suitable insect pheromone, including, but not limited to: (E)-2-Decen-1-ol; (E,E)- 10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol; (E)-2-Decenyl acetate; (E,E)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (E)-2-Decenal; (E,E)-10,12-Tetradecadienal; (Z)-2-Decen-1-ol; (E,Z)-10,12- Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z)-2-Decenyl acetate; (Z,E)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z)-2-Decenal; (Z,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol; (E)-3-Decen-1-ol; (Z,Z)-10,12- Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z)-3-Decenyl acetate; (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate; (Z)-3-Decen-1-ol; (E)-8-Pentadecen-1-ol; (Z)-4-Decen-1-ol (E)-8-Pentadecenyl acetate; (E)-4-Decenyl acetate; (Z)-8-Pentadecen-1-ol; (Z)-4-Decenyl acetate; (Z)-8- Pentadecenyl acetate; (Z)-4-Decenal; (Z)-9-Pentadecenyl acetate; (E)-5-Decen-1-ol; (E)-9-Pentadecenyl acetate; (E)-5-Decenyl acetate; (Z)-10-Pentadecenyl acetate; (Z)-5- Decen-1-ol; (Z)-10-Pentadecenal; (Z)-5-Decenyl acetate; (E)-12-Pentadecenyl acetate; (Z)-5-Decenal; (Z)-12-Pentadecenyl acetate; (E)-7-Decenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-6,9- Pentadecadien-1-ol; (Z)-7-Decenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-6,9-Pentadecadienyl acetate; (E)-8- Decen-1-ol; (Z,Z)-6,9-Pentadecadienal; (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal; (E,E)-8,10- Pentadecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal; (E,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadien-1-ol; (Z,Z)- 2,4-Decadienal; (E,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-3,5-Decadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-3,5-Decadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-8,10- Pentadecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-4,7-Decadien-1-ol; (E,Z)-9,11-Pentadecadienal; (Z,Z)- 4,7-Decadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-9,11-Pentadecadienal; (E)-2-Undecenyl acetate; (Z)-3- Hexadecenyl acetate; (E)-2-Undecenal; (E)-5-Hexadecen-1-ol; (Z)-5-Undecenyl acetate; (E)-5-Hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-7-Undecenyl acetate; (Z)-5-Hexadecen-1-ol (Z)-8-Undecenyl acetate; (Z)-5-Hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-9-Undecenyl acetate; (E)-6- Hexadecenyl acetate; (E)-2-Dodecenal; (E)-7-Hexadecen-1-ol; (Z)-3-Dodecen-1-ol; (E)-7-Hexadecenyl acetate; (E)-3-Dodecenyl acetate; (E)-7-Hexadecenal; (Z)-3- Dodecenyl acetate; (Z)-7-Hexadecen-1-ol; (E)-4-Dodecenyl acetate; (Z)-7-Hexadecenyl acetate; (E)-5-Dodecen-1-ol; (Z)-7-Hexadecenal; (E)-5-Dodecenyl acetate; (E)-8- Hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-5-Dodecen-1-ol; (E)-9-Hexadecen-1-ol; (Z)-5-Dodecenyl acetate; (E)-9-Hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-5-Dodecenal; (E)-9-Hexadecenal; (E)-6- Dodecen-1-ol; (Z)-9-Hexadecen-1-ol; (Z)-6-Dodecenyl acetate; (Z)-9-Hexadecenyl acetate; (E)-6-Dodecenal; (Z)-9-Hexadecenal; (E)-7-Dodecen-1-ol; (E)-10-Hexadecen- 1-ol; (E)-7-Dodecenyl acetate; (E)-10-Hexadecenal; (E)-7-Dodecenal; (Z)-10- Hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-7-Dodecen-1-ol; (Z)-10-Hexadecenal; (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate; (E)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol; (Z)-7-Dodecenal; (E)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate; (E)-8- Dodecen-1-ol; (E)-11-Hexadecenal; (E)-8-Dodecenyl acetate; (Z)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol; (E)-8-Dodecenal; (Z)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-8-Dodecen-1-ol; (Z)-11- Hexadecenal; (Z)-8-Dodecenyl acetate; (Z)-12-Hexadecenyl acetate; (E)-9-Dodecen-1- ol; (Z)-12-Hexadecenal; (E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate; (E)-14-Hexadecenal; (E)-9- Dodecenal; (Z)-14-Hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-9-Dodecen-1-o;l (E,E)-1,3-Hexadecadien- 1-ol; (Z)-9-Dodecenyl acetate; (E,Z)-4,6-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (Z)-9-Dodecenal (E,Z)- 4,6-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E)-10-Dodecen-1-ol; (E,Z)-4,6-Hexadecadienal; (E)-10- Dodecenyl acetate; (E,Z)-6,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E)-10-Dodecenal; (E,Z)-6,11- Hexadecadienal; (Z)-10-Dodecen-1-ol; (Z,Z)-7,10-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (Z)-10- Dodecenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-7,10-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-3,5-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-3,5-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-7,11- Hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-3,6-Dodecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadienal; (E,E)- 4,10-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (E,E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol; (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-7,11- Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol; (Z,Z)-8,10-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)- 5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-8,11-Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal; (E,E)- 9,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol; (E,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienal; (Z,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-9,11- Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal; (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (E,E)-7,9- Dodecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol; (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-10,12- Hexadecadien-1-ol; (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienal; (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol; (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-10,12- Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienal; (E,E)- 8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol; (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal; (E,E)-11,13- Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol; (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (E,Z)- 8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-8,10- Dodecadienal; (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-11,13- Hexadecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal; (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-8,10- Dodecadien-1-ol; (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol; (Z,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z,E,E)-3,6,8-Dodecatrien-1-ol; (Z,Z)-11,13- Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z,E)-3,6,8-Dodecatrien-1-ol; (E,E)-10,14-Hexadecadienal; (E)-2- Tridecenyl acetate; (Z,E)-11,14-Hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z)-2-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,E,Z)-4,6,10-Hexadecatrien-1-ol; (E)-3-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,E,Z)-4,6,10- Hexadecatrienyl acetate; (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,Z,Z)-4,6,10-Hexadecatrien-1-ol; (Z)-4-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,Z,Z)-4,6,10-Hexadecatrienyl acetate; (Z)-4-Tridecenal (E,E,Z)-4,6,11-Hexadecatrienyl acetate; (E)-6-Tridecenyl acetate (E,E,Z)-4,6,11- Hexadecatrienal (Z)-7-Tridecenyl acetate (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-Hexadecatrienal (E)-8- Tridecenyl acetate; (E,E,E)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienyl acetate; (Z)-8-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,E,E)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienal; (E)-9-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,E,Z)-10,12,14- Hexadecatrienyl acetate; (Z)-9-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienal; (Z)-10-Tridecenyl acetate; (E,E,Z,Z)-4,6,11,13-Hexadecatetraenal; (E)-11-Tridecenyl acetate; (E)-2-Heptadecenal; (Z)-11-Tridecenyl acetate; (Z)-2-Heptadecenal; (E,Z)-4,7- Tridecadienyl acetate; (E)-8-Heptadecen-1-ol; (Z,Z)-4,7-Tridecadien-1-ol; (E)-8- Heptadecenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-4,7-Tridecadienyl acetate; (Z)-8-Heptadecen-1-ol; (E,Z)- 5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate; (Z)-9-Heptadecenal; (Z,E)-5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate; (E)-10- Heptadecenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate; (Z)-11-Heptadecen-1-ol; (Z,Z)- 7,11-Tridecadienyl acetate; (Z)-11-Heptadecenyl acetate; (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-Tridecatrienyl acetate; (E,E)-4,8-Heptadecadienyl acetate; (E)-3-Tetradecen-1-ol; (Z,Z)-8,10- Heptadecadien-1-ol; (E)-3-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-8,11-Heptadecadienyl acetate; (Z)-3-Tetradecen-1-ol; (E)-2-Octadecenyl acetate; (Z)-3-Tetradecenyl acetate; (E)-2- Octadecenal; (E)-5-Tetradecen-1-ol; (Z)-2-Octadecenyl acetate; (E)-5-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z)-2-Octadecenal; (E)-5-Tetradecenal; (E)-9-Octadecen-1-ol; (Z)-5- Tetradecen-1-ol; (E)-9-Octadecenyl acetate; (Z)-5-Tetradecenyl acetate; (E)-9- Octadecenal; (Z)-5-Tetradecenal; (Z)-9-Octadecen-1-ol; (E)-6-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z)-9-Octadecenyl acetate; (Z)-6-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z)-9-Octadecenal; (E)-7- Tetradecen-1-ol; (E)-11-Octadecen-1-ol; (E)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate; (E)-11- Octadecenal; (Z)-7-Tetradecen-1-ol; (Z)-11-Octadecen-1-ol; (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z)-11-Octadecenyl acetate; (Z)-7-Tetradecenal; (Z)-11-Octadecenal; (E)-8- Tetradecenyl acetate; (E)-13-Octadecenyl acetate; (Z)-8-Tetradecen-1-ol; (E)-13- Octadecenal; (Z)-8-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z)-13-Octadecen-1-ol; (Z)-8-Tetradecenal; (Z)-13-Octadecenyl acetate; (E)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol; (Z)-13-Octadecenal; (E)-9- Tetradecenyl acetate; (E)-14-Octadecenal; (Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol; (E,Z)-2,13- Octadecadien-1-ol; (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate; (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienyl acetate; (Z)- 9-Tetradecenal; (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienal; (E)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z,E)-2,13- Octadecadienyl acetate; (Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol; (E)-11-Tetradecen-1-ol; (Z,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienyl acetate; (E)-11-Tetradecenyl acetate; (E,E)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate; (E)-11-Tetradecenal; (E,Z)-3,13- Octadecadienyl acetate; (Z)-11-Tetradecen-1-ol; (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienal; (Z)-11- Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z,E)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate; (Z)-11-Tetradecenal; (Z,Z)- 3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate; (E)-12-Tetradecenyl acetate; (Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienal; (Z)-12-Tetradecenyl acetate; (E,E)-5,9-Octadecadien-1-ol; (E,E)-2,4-Tetradecadienal; (E,E)-5,9-Octadecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-9,12- Octadecadien-1-ol; (E,Z)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienal; (E,Z)-3,7- Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-11,13-Octadecadienal; (E,Z)-3,8-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-11,14-Octadecadienal; (E,Z)-4,9-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-13,15- Octadecadienal; (E,Z)-4,9-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Octadecatrienyl acetate; (E,Z)-4,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (E,E,E)-9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol; (E,E)-5,8- Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadien-1- ol; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienal; (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-5,8- Tetradecadienal; (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadien-1-ol; (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienal; (E,Z)-8,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-8,10- Tetradecadienal; (Z,E)-8,10-Tetradecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-8,10-Tetradecadienal; (E,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-9,11- Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadien-1-ol; (Z,Z)-9,11- Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienal; (E,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol; (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-9,12- Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol; and (Z,Z)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides controlled-release agrochemical compositions. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure provide slow release of an active ingredient into the atmosphere, and/or so as to be protected from degradation following release. In embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are biodegradable. In other embodiments, a composition of the present disclosure comprises: (a) a matrix; (b) an active ingredient composition contained within the matrix. In embodiments, the composition further comprises (c) a filler contained within the matrix. In particular embodiments, the matrix comprises a binder. In embodiments, the binder comprises one or more polymers. In embodiments, the binder is a biodegradable polymer. In some embodiments, a composition of the present disclosure comprises from about 10 wt% to about 98 wt% of a binder, e.g., about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 75 wt%, about 80 wt%, about 85 wt%, about 90 wt%, about 95 wt%, about 96 wt%, about 97 wt%, or about 98 wt%, including all values and ranges there between. In alternative embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 70 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 80 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 80 wt% to about 98 wt%, about 90 wt% to about 98 wt% of a binder. In particular embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise a filler. In embodiments, the filler is contained within the matrix. In embodiments, the matrix comprises a binder and the filler is contained within the binder. In other embodiments, the filler is clay, a zeolite, talcum, shredded hay, cotton, cork, hemp, wood chips, wood dust, wood excelsior, microcrystalline cellulose, paper pulp, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chitosan, or mixture thereof. In embodiments, the clay is organoclay. In other embodiments, the filler comprises microcrystalline cellulose. In embodiments, the filler comprises kaolin. In embodiments, the filler comprises calcined kaolin. In alternative embodiments, the filler comprises a biomass from a fermentation. In other embodiments, the filler comprises an active filler (e.g., a filler capable of retaining the semiochemical). In certain embodiments, a composition of the present disclosure comprises from about 1 wt% to about 98 wt% of a filler, e.g., about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 75 wt%, about 80 wt%, about 85 wt%, about 90 wt%, about 95 wt%, about 96 wt%, about 97 wt%, or about 98 wt%, including all values and ranges there between. In other embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 98 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 70 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 80 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 80 wt% to about 98 wt%, about 90 wt% to about 98 wt% of a filler. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an additive, an antioxidant, a UV-blocking agent, an anticaking agent, or mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the composition further comprises an additive. In embodiments, the additive is a dye, reflectant, inorganic salt, organic salt, or mixtures thereof. In embodiments, a composition of the present disclosure comprises from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt% of an antioxidant, e.g., about 0.1 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, about 0.9 wt%, or about 1 wt%, including all values and ranges there between. In particular embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.2 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.3 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.2 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.3 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.4 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.6 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.7 wt% to about 1 wt% of an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, about 0.9 wt%, or about 1 wt% of an antioxidant. In certain embodiments, the composition further comprises a UV-blocking agent. In embodiments, the UV-blocking agent is methyl cinnamate, iron oxides, carbon black, octabenzone, or mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, a composition of the present disclosure comprises from about 1 wt% to about 70 wt% of an active ingredient composition comprising one or more active ingredients, e.g., about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, or 70 wt%, including all values and ranges therebetween. In particular embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 70 wt% of an active ingredient composition. In other embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, or about 70 wt% of an active ingredient composition. In embodiments, the active ingredient composition comprises from about 10 wt% to about 98 wt% of one or more active ingredients. In embodiments, the active ingredient composition comprises from about 10 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 70 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 80 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 80 wt% to about 98 wt%, about 90 wt% to about 98 wt% of one or more active ingredients. In embodiments, the active ingredient composition comprises about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 75 wt%, about 80 wt%, about 85 wt%, about 90 wt%, about 95 wt%, about 96 wt%, about 97 wt%, or about 98 wt% of one or more active ingredients.