Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a stroller for conveying infants and/or young children. Background of the Invention Strollers, also known as prams, pushchairs and buggies, are well known and exist in many different forms. These types of manually conveyable vehicle typically comprise a lower frame mounted on a set of steerable wheels or castors, a load receiving element, such as a‘basket’ or seat, mounted on (or suspended between) a pair of side frame members, and a handle comprising a generally horizontal bar coupled and extending between the side frame members at an upper distal end thereof, the handle being configured to enable a user to manually convey,

manoeuvre and steer the vehicle using two hands, and may include a gripping portion, such as a frictional cover or sleeve, to facilitate additional frictional engagement between the user’s hands and the handle. Thus, for example, a stroller design in common use typically comprises a generally rectangular frame defining elongate side edges and opposing end edges. An elongate wheel support leg extends, substantially orthogonally, from each side edge. A pair of wheels is mounted at the corners at one end of the frame and a wheel is mounted at the distal end of each wheel support leg such that, when all four wheels are placed on a supporting surface and the assembly is configured and oriented for use, the frame extends at an angle to the supporting surface, from its wheel-bearing end (the‘lower’ or‘front’ end). The end of the frame opposite the wheel-bearing end (the‘upper’ or‘rear’ end) forms the handle. Mounting members are usually provided on the side edges, within the boundary defined by the frame, and configured to (often removably) receive a load bearing or child carrying element, such as a bassinet or seat. In some cases, a stroller frame assembly of this type may be configured to removably receive one of two or more child supporting elements, so as to enable the same stroller frame assembly to be adapted and used for children of different ages or the same child as they grow. In general, an infant in their first few months should be laid flat in a stroller assembly and a bassinet, or similar type of child supporting element, is typically recommended. However, some stroller assemblies are instead (or additionally) configured to removably receive and support an infant car seat, so that an infant can simply be transferred from a vehicle to a stroller assembly without the need to remove them from the car seat. In both cases, it is most usual for the child supporting element to be oriented such that the infant travels‘backwards’ (i.e. head first) as the stroller assembly is conveyed forward by a user’s pushing action at the‘rear’ end thereof.

In contrast, as a child gets older, and becomes able to support their own head, it is more usual for them to be placed in a front-facing seat of a stroller assembly.

Whilst stroller assemblies exist in many different forms and with many different advantageous features, there are issues associated with existing designs, and various aspects of the present invention seek to address one or more of these issues.

Statements of Invention

A significant problem associated with known strollers is that of the head support. Head supports are known in this, and many other fields, which essentially comprise a generally U-shaped cushion that sits around the back of a user’s neck, with the side portions resting against the side of the user’s face and providing support at those regions. Various different designs for such head support devices exist and have been proposed, not just for strollers and car seats, but also in other

applications and fields, such as travel cushions and the like. These devices tend to be designed to be relatively loose around the neck and face because, otherwise, there can be a build up of heat around the head, which may be uncomfortable for an adult user but may be dangerous to an infant or young child. In addition, they offer little or no support to a user’s chin, allowing the user’s head to droop, not just to the side but toward the chest, resulting in incorrect and uncomfortable postural alignment of the user whilst sleeping and potentially restricting their airway. Again, whilst this can be uncomfortable for an adult user, it could be dangerous to a young child.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a head support device for, in use, supporting a user’s head, the device comprising first and second spaced-apart cushion members coupled together by a neck receiving portion, the cushion members comprising an outer covering of flexible material and being filled with a soft stuffing material, wherein a first strip of shape memory alloy is provided along at least a portion of the length of at least one of the cushion members or the neck-receiving portion. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first strip of shape memory alloy is provided along at least a portion of the length of the neck-receiving portion. The neck-receiving portion may comprise an outer covering of flexible material, in which case, the first strip of shape memory alloy may be provided along at least a portion of the length of the neck-receiving portion, beneath the outer covering of flexible material. Optionally, a strip of shape memory alloy is provided along at least a portion of the length of one or, more preferably, both of the cushion members, optionally beneath the outer covering of flexible material. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a first strip of shape memory alloy is provided along at least a portion of the length of the neck-receiving portion and a second strip of shape memory alloy is provided along at least a portion of the length of each of the cushion members, the second strips of shape memory alloy extending at an angle to the first strip of shape memory alloy.

This exemplary embodiment of the present invention enables the head support device to be adjusted about a vertical axis (at the neck-receiving portion, via the first strip of shape memory alloy) to enable a user to comfortably secure the head support device around their neck, and also about a horizontal axis (at the cushion members, via the second strips of shape memory alloy) to enable the shape of the cushion members to be adjusted to comfortably support the user’s face.

The shape memory alloy may comprise copper-aluminium-nickel or nickel-titanium, although others will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.

In an exemplary embodiment, the outer covering of the cushion members and neck receiving portion are integrally formed. The shape of the cushion members may be generally oval or kidney-like in shape and the neck-receiving portion may extend, generally centrally between the inward-facing edges of the cushion members. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the cushion members may be generally kidney like in shape (i.e. concave at one side edge, convex at the opposing side edge and with rounded ends), with the neck-receiving portion extending generally centrally between the convex side edges of the two cushion members (i.e. such that the convex side edges of the cushion members are‘inward facing’ and nearest the user’s head, when in use). As a result, in use, when the head support device is located with the back of the user’s neck on the neck-receiving portion, the neck- receiving portion can be adjusted about a substantially vertical axis to place the cushion members snugly adjacent respective opposing sides of their face, with the lower portions of the cushion members (i.e. those extending below the neck receiving portion when the device is oriented for use) extending under the user’s chin. The outer covering is beneficially formed of a natural fabric, such as a cotton/wool blend or even 100% cotton, which is naturally moisture-wicking, anti-allergenic and has anti dust mite fibres. At least the cushion members and, optionally, also the neck-receiving portion may have a multi-layered covering comprising the outer covering, an inner layer, which is beneficially also formed of a natural fabric, such as Merino wool or felt (which is additionally naturally fire retardant), and a middle layer formed of a textile into which mPCM material has been integrated. For example, the middle layer may comprise an intelligent, non-woven textile into which mPCM material, such as that sold under the name of ComfortTemp ®, has been integrated. mPCM are phase change materials contained inside a durable microcapsule and which change physical state as a result of a rise or drop in temperature. When the temperature rises above a preset temperature, the PCM automatically absorbs and stores the excess heat from the body, causing a cooling effect. This process turns the PCM from a solid state to a liquid state. When the outside temperature drops below a preset temperature, the PCM automatically releases the stored heat back to the body, causing a warming effect. This process turns the liquid PCM back to a solid state. Because the PCM inside the microcapsules responds automatically to changes in the temperature, the body will remain in a comfortable temperature range for longer. The stuffing in the cushion members may comprise a breathable foam, such as high-density, open-cell polyurethane foam, which is not only breathable, but also anti-static, anti-bacterial and readily washable.

Thus, whilst conventional arcuate head supports are known, both in the fields of car seats and strollers, and in the field of (adult and child) travel cushions, wheelchair head supports, etc, they cannot extend around the chin (or even sit too snugly around the head, neck, face and chin) because the resultant build up of heat in those regions would be very uncomfortable for an adult and potentially dangerous for an infant or young child. In contrast, the innovative inherent temperature regulation provided by the construction and materials of the head support device of exemplary embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention obviates this issue and, therefore, enables full and substantial support to be provided for the user’s face and chin, as well as their neck, thereby providing significantly increased comfort and, potentially, safety. The adjustability of the head support device, in two dimensions relative to the user’s head and neck, offers potential for increased comfort and support by ensuring that the device can be fitted properly and snugly around a user’s head, neck and chin, rather than relying on the‘one size fits all’ solution provided by the prior art. The benefits of this feature are further enhanced by the above- described inherent temperature regulation provided by the exemplary construction and materials used, which offers the associated comfort (and safety) during extended use.

These advantages can be further compounded, in some exemplary embodiments, by providing longitudinal adjustability along the neck-receiving portion (i.e. the ability to adjust the length of the neck-receiving portion or the distance between the inward facing edges of the cushion members). Therefore, optionally, the first strip of shape memory alloy may, in fact, comprise two strips of such material, each extending from one respective end (nearest the adjacent cushion member) of the neck-receiving portion and along a portion of its full length, terminating at a location beyond its centre, such that the two strips are aligned and the distal ends (furthest from the respective adjacent cushion member) either meet or overlap. The two, preferably overlapping, ends may be loosely held in alignment by a coupling loop or the like, such that they are still longitudinally slidable relative to one another. In order to shorten the neck-receiving portion, a user simply pushes the cushion members toward each other. As the two strips of shape memory alloy in the cushions are connected to respective ends of the two strips forming the first strip of shape memory alloy, this action causes the two strips in the neck receiving portion to slide relative to one another, causing the cushion members to be moved closer to each other and the neck-receiving portion to be shortened. In order to widen the space between the cushion members, a user simply pulls them apart, causing the neck-receiving portion strips to slide relative to one another in the opposite direction and lengthening the neck-receiving portion accordingly.

The head support device may further comprise means for enabling it to be clipped or otherwise affixed to the back of a child’s car seat, a stroller seat or a wheelchair, for example, although exemplary embodiments of the device may equally be used as free-standing travel cushions.

Another significant problem associated with known manually conveyable vehicles such as strollers, is that of providing adequate suspension over a wide range of load weights. In general, in known strollers, the only real suspension is provided in the castor or wheel support in the form of a spring which, necessarily, needs to be relatively heavy in order to accommodate, and provide adequate suspension for, weights up to approximately 30kg. Thus, for very low weights (i.e. less than 10kg), this suspension is virtually inoperable. In practice, and especially for stroller frame assemblies that are configured to interchangeably carry a bassinet (or car seat) and a child seat (i.e. are intended for newborn babies, infants, toddlers and young children), it would be desirable to provide adequate suspension across a range of weights from less than 10kg to 30kg or more.

Therefore, in accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wheel for a manually conveyable vehicle, comprising a circular outer rim and a concentric hub spaced apart therefrom, and a plurality of radial elements extending between the hub and the outer rim, wherein the radial elements are formed of an elastomeric material and each having integral first and second portions, the first portion being nearest to the hub and having an elastic modulus greater than the second portion. Thus, the elastomeric radial elements provided between the outer rim and the hub effectively provide an extra“layer” of suspension in the wheel, that layer of suspension being activated progressively according to the weight of the load being carried. The suspension provided by the second portion of each radial element (being nearest the outer rim and having a lower elastic modulus) is activated by a lower weight than that provided by the first portion. Both portions of the radial elements are, in an exemplary embodiment, capable of providing adequate suspension for loads greater than 10kg. As a result, the spring provided in the castor or wheel support of a manually conveyable vehicle having wheels according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, can be significantly lighter and designed to provide suspension for loads of less than 10kg, whilst the wheels themselves will provide the required, and highly responsive suspension for loads over 10kg and up to 30kg+.

In an exemplary embodiment, the outer rim may be formed of a solid or slightly elastomeric plastic material such as TPU or Polyurethane (alone or blended with another copolymer or additive). The outer rim may have a substantially central circumferential ridge, which, in use, makes a manually conveyable vehicle fitted with wheels according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, more readily steerable. The radial elements are formed of a semi-rigid elastomeric material, such as a polyurethane elastomer or TPU, having a shore hardness of, for example, 85A.

The hub may also be formed of a substantially solid or slightly elastomeric plastic or rubber material but is more likely to be a solid plastic in order to retain the bearings effectively.

In an exemplary embodiment, the radial elements may comprise elongate spoke-like elements that extend radially from the hub to the inner wall of the outer rim, wherein the thickness of each spoke varies along its length, becoming progressively thicker from the outer rim to the hub. In this case, each spoke may be curved and extend at an angle to the radius from the hub to the inner wall of then outer rim. The purpose of the progressively thicker spokes (from outer rim to hub) is to ensure that the spokes themselves provide a suspension effect at a range of different loads. In an

exemplary embodiment, the thinner, outer part of the spoke will flex at, say, 14kg whilst the thicker base (nearer the hub) would flex at say 18Kg load. However, in a preferred exemplary embodiment, and to further reduce the

occurrence of vibration in the frame of a manually conveyable vehicle, in use, the radial elements may be likened to a‘honeycomb’ structure, and collectively form a web disposed between the outer rim and the hub. The radial elements of the web may comprise a pentagonal, hexagonal and/or other polygonal shape, and the web is coupled to the inner wall of the outer rim via a plurality of connecting portions, and the web is coupled to the outer wall of the hub via a plurality of elongate portions. In an embodiment, the web comprises radial elements configured to concentric rows or layers around the hub.

In a particular embodiment, each radial element may comprise two sections extending from the inner wall of the outer rim to the outer wall of the hub: a first section comprising a bifurcated portion that extends from a connecting portion toward the inner wall of the outer rim, and a second section comprising a pair of elongate portions, each extending substantially radially from a distal end of a respective arm of the bifurcated portion of the first section.

In a first exemplary embodiment, in a relatively small wheel, the elongate portions forming the second section extend from the distal ends of the arms of the bifurcated portion to the outer wall of the hub, such that the arms of the bifurcated portion, and the elongate portions, together with the respective portion of the outer wall of the hub, form a pentagon, and the elastic modulus of the two arms of the bifurcated portion of the first section is less than the elastic modulus of the elongate portions forming the second section.

The bifurcated portion of the first section of each radial element inherently results in an elastic modulus which is less than that of the two radial, spaced apart elongate portions forming the second section, even if the arms of the bifurcated portion are formed of the same material and of substantially the same thickness as the elongate portions forming the second section. However, in an exemplary embodiment, the elastic modulus of the first section may be further reduced relative to that of the second section by making the thickness of the arms forming the bifurcated portion less than that of the elongate portions forming the second section.

In a second exemplary embodiment, for a relatively larger wheel, each radial element may further comprise a third section comprising a further bifurcated portion extending from a distal end of each of the two elongate portions forming the second section, the end of each arm of the further bifurcated portion being coupled with the end of the arm of the further bifurcated portion of the third section of an adjacent radial element to form an adjoining portion; and a fourth section comprising an elongate portion extending radially from each adjoining portion. In an exemplary embodiment, the elongate portions forming the fourth section may extend to the outer wall of the hub to form a pentagon, a hexagon or other polygonal shaped radial element. The length of the arms forming the bifurcated portion of the third section is, inevitably, less than the length of the arms forming the bifurcated portion of the first section and designed (by material thickness and/or length) to have an elastic modulus equal to or greater than the elastic modulus of the elongate portions forming the second section. The length of the elongate portions forming the fourth section is less than the elongate portions forming the second section, and the fourth section is designed (by material thickness and/or length) to have an elastic modulus greater than that of the third section. Thus, together, the first, second, third and fourth sections of each radial element provide a gradually increasing elastic modulus from the outer rim to the hub.

More generally, each bifurcated portion and pair of elongate portions extending from the end of the arms thereof, form a respective“layer” of suspension and, as the longitudinal dimensions of each layer are reduced, so its elastic modulus is increased. Thus, in theory, and possibly for even larger wheels, one or more additional“layers” could be introduced between the fourth section described above and the hub, each layer comprising a bifurcated portion and a pair of elongate portions extending from the ends of the arms thereof, the elongate portions of the innermost layer extending to the outer wall of the hub, and the longitudinal dimensions of each layer becoming progressively smaller (to increase its elastic modulus) toward the hub.

In an exemplary embodiment, the inner wall of the outer rim may be formed or provided with a layer of elastomeric material from which the radial elements extend and, optionally, the radial elements may be formed integrally with the layer of elastomeric material on the inner wall of the outer rim. Indeed, the outer rim itself may be formed of an elastomeric material and the radial elements may be formed integrally therewith of the same material. The inner wall of the outer rim, between each radial element, may be formed with a plurality of ridges, each adjacent pair of which defines a respective groove therebetween. The ridges and associated grooves serve to ensure that the wheels deform sufficiently to absorb shock, in use, when the vehicle is being conveyed over significant bumps, such as a curb or step. Each ridge may comprise a tapered distal end and have a profiled outer wall at its proximal end that results in each groove having a generally tapered base. The width of each groove is preferably such as to minimise the ability for debris such as mud and stones to collect therein. In one exemplary embodiment, the width of the grooves is between 1.5 and 3mm.

The radial elements are beneficially substantially equally spaced all the way around the inner wall of the outer rim, each beneficially with an equal number of ridges and grooves therebetween. In an exemplary embodiment, for a relatively smaller wheel, eight equally spaced grooves may be provided between each radial element, whereas for a relatively larger wheel, only five grooves may be provided between each radial element. More generally, the number of grooves will be dependent on the elastic modulus required of the outer rim (in the circumstances) and the optimum/maximum width of each groove to minimise the ingress of debris.

In an embodiment, the wheel further comprises a layer of elastomeric material disposed on an outer side of the outer rim, the layer providing a grip between the wheel and the surface over which the wheel is arranged to travel.

Yet another significant problem associated with known manually conveyable vehicles such as strollers, is that of temperature regulation of the infant or young child being conveyed therein. Of course, some ventilation can be provided to provide some cooling air when a parent or carer feels a child may be getting too hot, and covers and the like to cover the space in which the infant or young child is located to provide some protection against cold air and moisture. However, such systems are not targeted and do not provide any form of temperature regulation as such. Indeed, they provide nothing beyond offering a parent or carer means of taking some perceived appropriate action against either warm or cold conditions, without consideration of the infant or child’s actual body temperature. Ventilation is often inadequate to provide sufficient cooling in very warm conditions and, equally, simply providing a barrier against cold air may not be sufficient to actually raise a child’s body temperature to, or maintain it at, an appropriate level.

In accordance with third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a load carrying element for a manually conveyable vehicle, the load carrying element comprising a load receiving surface and a pair of opposing edge panels, the load carrying surface comprising a head portion and a lower body portion, and being configured to, in use, carry an infant or young child such that their head is located within the head portion, each said edge panel comprising or having a perforated panel of flexible material and a releasable cover configured, in a first configuration, to cover said perforated panel and to be selectively released to uncover said perforated panel and allow air to flow therethrough.

The load carrying surface is beneficially provided with a multi-layered covering comprising an outer layer of natural material, such as wool, 100% cotton or a wool/cotton blend and an inner layer of natural material, such as Merino wool (which is also naturally fire retardant). In an exemplary embodiment, the covering of at least the head portion includes a middle layer formed of, or including, a textile into which mPCM material has been integrated (i.e. temperature regulating material, for example of the type described above).

In a first exemplary embodiment, the load carrying element may comprise a bassinet, comprising a substantially flat base and having a pair of opposing side walls and a pair of opposing end walls (forming an open-topped basket-like structure for receiving an infant). The flat base comprises a load receiving surface that can be considered in terms of two portions along its length: a head portion near a first of the end walls and a lower body portion forming the remainder of the load receiving surface to the opposing end wall. It is to be understood, however, the load receiving surface is flat and the head and lower body portions may have an integral outer cover such that the two portions are not outwardly distinguishable from each other, but are instead simply defined by the orientation of the bassinet (which, for example, may have a hood which would define its head end and, therefore, the end of the load receiving surface in which the head portion is defined). In this case, in a preferred embodiment, a mattress may be provided, which is removably fitted within the base of the bassinet and defines the load receiving surface. The mattress may

beneficially comprise a resiliently deformable panel of breathable foam material, for example, which may be of the type described above, and have an outer cover comprising at least an outer layer of natural material such as cotton, wool or a blend of such materials. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the outer cover comprises an outer layer and an inner lining layer, also of natural material, such as Merino wool. The outer cover may comprise a middle layer, between the outer layer and the lining layer, the middle layer covering all of the load receiving surface and being formed of a textile into which mPCM material has been integrated (i.e. temperature regulating material, for example of the type described above). However, in a preferred exemplary embodiment, the middle layer of temperature regulating material may only be provided over the all, or just a generally central section, of the head portion, so as to provide the desired temperature regulation only at and around an infant’s head, in use. The perforated panels may beneficially be provided in both of the end walls of the bassinet. Such that, when they are uncovered and a stroller frame assembly including the bassinet is in normal forward motion, airflow is created through the bassinet, from end to end, and over the infant lying therein to provide additional cooling and ventilation. The each perforated panel may have a respective cover, comprising a panel of flexible material, stitched or otherwise affixed to the bassinet along a side edge of a respective perforated panel (so as to form a‘hinged’ flap over the perforated panel). The cover flap is beneficially of a slightly larger area than the perforated panel so as to completely cover the perforated panel when required. The cover flap may include securing means at its free end, and cooperative securing means may be provided on the bassinet, such that the cover flap can be releasably secured over the perforated panel, when ventilation is not required. Such

cooperative securing means may also be provided at another location on the bassinet and positioned such that the cover flap can be pulled back from the perforated panel, when ventilation is required, and secured safely away therefrom. Cooperative magnetic means may, for example, be used. An elongate temperature indicating strip may be provided on the inner wall of the bassinet, preferably at the head end thereof, to enable a parent or carer to see the temperature within the bassinet from a location at the rear of the stroller frame assembly, when the bassinet is mounted thereon for use. The temperature indicating strip may, for example, comprise a flexible strip of a material that changes colour according to the

temperature of its surroundings, the flexibility of the strip avoiding any risk of breakage in an environment close to the infant. The temperature indicating strip may advantageously be removable and re-attachable, to allow the bassinet liner to be washer. In a second exemplary embodiment, the load carrying element may comprise a child-receiving seat, such as a child car seat or a seat for a stroller, the seat comprising a base, a seat back and a pair of opposing side panels at least partially spanning the side region of the seat between the base and the seat back and each comprising or including a said perforated panel. Each cover may be stitched, or otherwise affixed, along the edge of the seat back adjacent a respective side panel and be of the same, or substantially similar shape and orientation to the respective side panel such that, in use, it can be secured over the side panel to prevent ventilation therethrough, or pulled back from the side panel, to completely expose the perforated panel, when ventilation is required. Securing means may be provided at the free end of the cover to secure it over the perforated panel, as required, and cooperative securing means may be provided on the rear of the seat back to secure the cover behind the seat, when the perforated panel is required to be exposed. As before, at least a section of the head portion (or, in this case, the seat back) may be provided with a multi-layered outer cover comprising an outer layer of natural material, an inner lining of natural material and a middle layer of the above-described temperature regulating material. A pad may be provided over the seat back, which has convex side edges (i.e. they curve away from the side edges of the seat back), and the outer cover may be similarly shaped, such that there is little or no obstruction to air flow when the perforated panels are open.

Aspects of the present invention offer yet further advantageous features, as will now be described in more detail. In an exemplary embodiment, a hood may be provided for a bassinet, stroller seat or child car seat, the hood comprising a retractable canopy attached (removably or otherwise) or attachable to the side edges of the bassinet, stroller seat or child’s car seat so as to extend over a portion of the child receiving opening thereof when in an extended configuration, the hood having a front edge and a rear edge between which the canopy is suspended, wherein a pocket is provided at or near the front edge, the pocket housing an extendible, flexible cover configured, in use, to extend over the child receiving opening of the bassinet, stroller seat or child car seat and comprising a layer of UV reflective and/or protective material configured to be removably secured over the said child receiving opening. The layer of UV reflective/protective material may include a perforated panel, for ventilation, which may have a releasable cover. The releasable cover may, for example, comprise a panel of perforated fabric with hole sizes too small for a mosquito or similar insect to penetrate. The layer of UV reflective/protective material may have a viewing window with a selectively removable cover. The layer of UV reflective/protective material may beneficially be substantially light blocking. In an exemplary embodiment, the hood may comprise a front rib defining the front edge and rear rib defining the rear edge and at least two intermediate ribs along the length of the canopy, in which case, the pocket containing the extendible cover may be provided along or adjacent an intermediate rib nearest the front edge of the hood. The extendible cover may be removably attached within the pocket.

A second pocket may be provided at the rear edge or along or adjacent an

intermediate rib nearest the rear edge, wherein a rain cover is housed (removably or otherwise) within the pocket and shaped and configured to be selectively extended over the hood and releasably secured over the child receiving opening as required. The rain cover may be formed of, for example, waterproof nylon and/or clear PVC to enable the child to see through it.

The present invention extends to a manually conveyable vehicle comprising any one, a combination or all of the aspects of the invention defined above.

These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following specific description.

Brief Description of the Drawings

An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 A is a schematic side view of a stroller frame assembly, on which is mounted a child carrying seat according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 1 B is a side view of the stroller frame assembly of Figure 1 A, on which is mounted a bassinet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a child carrying seat according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2A is a schematic illustration of the multi-layered covering for the base of the child carrying seat of Figure 2;

Figure 2B is a schematic illustration of the multi-layered covering of the seat back of the child carrying seat of Figure 2; Figure 3 is a schematic front view of a head support device according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3A is a schematic illustration of the head support device of Figure 3, illustrating the configuration of the shape memory alloy elements therein; Figure 4 is a schematic front view of a head support device according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4A is a schematic illustration of the head support device of Figure 4, illustrating the configuration of the shape memory alloy elements therein;

Figure 5 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a bassinet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5A is a schematic perspective view of a canopy for the bassinet of Figure 5;

Figure 5B is a schematic perspective view of a rain cover for the bassinet of Figure 5;

Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a child carrying seat according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, illustrating a ventilation panel in a side wall thereof;

Figure 7 illustrates a wheel according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7A is a close-up partial view of the wheel of Figure 7;

Figure 8 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a wheel according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8A is a schematic close-up partial view of the wheel of Figure 8;

Figure 9 is a schematic front view of a wheel according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic close-up partial view of the wheel of Figure 9; and Figure 10 is a schematic perspective view of an infant car seat according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description

Referring to Figures 1 A and 1 B of the drawings, a stroller according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises a generally rectangular frame 10 defining elongate side edges (only one shown in the views of Figures 1 A and 1 B) and opposing end edges. An elongate wheel support leg 12 extends, substantially orthogonally, from each side edge. A pair of wheels 14 is mounted at the corners at one end of the frame 10 and a wheel 16 is mounted at the distal end of each wheel support leg 12 such that, when all four wheels 14, 16 are placed on a supporting surface and the assembly is configured and oriented for use, the frame 10 extends at an angle to the supporting surface, from its wheel-bearing end (the‘lower’ or‘front’ end 10a). The end 10b of the frame opposite the wheel-bearing end (the‘upper’ or ‘rear’ end) forms the handle 18. Mounting members 20 are provided on the side edges, within the boundary defined by the frame 10, and configured to removably receive a load bearing or child carrying element, such as a bassinet (22 - Figure 1A) or seat (20 - Figure 1 B). In some cases, a stroller frame assembly of this type may be configured to removably receive other types of child supporting elements, such as a child car seat for example (not shown).

Referring now to Figure 2 of the drawings, a seat 20 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises a base 24 and a seat back 26, which extends from a‘rear’ edge of the base, upwardly and at a slight rearward angle therefrom. The seat back 26 and base 24 have a multi-layered cover, which can be seen schematically in Figures 2A and 2B of the drawings. The base 24 has a cover comprising, in an exemplary embodiment, an outer (top) layer 24a formed of a natural material, such as cotton, wool or a mixture of such materials, a layer 24b of wadding, such as polyester wadding or the like, and then a layer 24c of lining fabric followed by a layer 24d of plastic panelling and a secondary outer (bottom) layer 24e. Thus, in use, the layer 24a directly in contact with a child occupying the seat is a natural fabric which is naturally moisture-wicking, anti-allergenic and has anti dust mite fibres. The seat back 26 has a cover comprising an outer (top) layer 26a formed of a natural material, such as cotton, wool or a mixture of such materials, a temperature regulating layer 25b formed of, for example, an intelligent, non-woven textile into which mPCM material, such as that sold under the name of ComfortTemp ®, has been integrated. mPCM are phase change materials contained inside a durable microcapsule and which change physical state as a result of a rise or drop in temperature. When the temperature rises above a preset temperature, the PCM automatically absorbs and stores the excess heat from the body, causing a cooling effect. This process turns the PCM from a solid state to a liquid state. When the outside temperature drops below a preset temperature, the PCM automatically releases the stored heat back to the body, causing a warming effect. This process turns the liquid PCM back to a solid state. Because the PCM inside the

microcapsules responds automatically to changes in the temperature, the body will remain in a comfortable temperature range for longer. Next, a layer 25c of spacer fabric followed by the layers of lining fabric 25d, wadding, such as polyester wadding 25e, plastic panelling 25f and a layer 25g of outer (bottom) fabric.

Straps 28 are provided to secure a child in the seat 20, when in use, and strap covers 30 may also have an outer cover of natural material such as 100% cotton, wool or a mixture of the two, for example. The seat 20 further comprises a footwell 32 which extends downwardly and at an angle from the‘front’ edge of the base 24, and the footwell 32 may include at least a panel 32a, adjacent the front edge of the base, having an outer cover of natural fabric of the type described above. Mounting members 34 are provided on the side edges of the frame 33 defining the seat 20, the mounting members 34 being located at or adjacent to the point at which the base 24 and seat back 26 join, and being configured to enable the seat 20 to be releasably mounted within a stroller frame assembly of the general type described above.

It can be seen in Figure 2 that the side panels 36 of the seat, adjacent to the seat back 26, span the sides of the base 24 and back 26 and are, therefore, generally right-angled triangle shaped (with the‘right angle’ being located at the join between the base 24 and the back 26. At least the lower part 36a of the seat side panels 33 is perforated, and this feature will be described in more detail later. A top portion 26a of the seat back 26 may also be perforated to provide ventilation from the rear for a child occupying the seat 20, in use.

Referring to Figure 3 of the drawings, a head support device 40 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be configured to be releasably affixed to the seat back 26 of the seat 20 described with reference to Figure 2 or, in fact, a child car seat (not shown). Typically, a head support device of this type comprises an arcuate cushion configured, in use, to extend loosely around a child’s head and the sides of their face when they are occupying the stroller seat or car seat. In contrast, the head support according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises a pair of cushion members 42 that are generally ‘kidney’-like in shape, having a concave side edge 42a and an opposite convex side edge 42b. A neck-receiving portion 44 extends generally centrally between the concave side edges 42a of the cushion members 42, and an arcuate cushion member 46 extends between the top edges of the cushion members, being connected along its inner edge to the neck-receiving portion 44.

The cushion members 42 have an outer multi-layered cover comprising (at least) an outer layer of natural fabric such as 100% cotton, wool or a mixture of the two. An inner layer of a natural fabric, such as Merino wool or the like, and a layer between the outer and inner layers of temperature regulating fabric, such as that of the type described above. A soft, breathable foam may be used as the cushion stuffing. The neck-receiving portion 44 comprises an outer cover of (at least) a natural fabric, such as that of the type described above and (possibly) a layer of wadding or breathable foam for additional comfort. A generally central soft mesh panel 48 may be provided at the location at which the back of the infant/child’s head would be located in use, such that the temperature regulating benefits of the seat back described above can be optimised. In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the neck-receiving portion 44 may include a layer of temperature regulating fabric of the type described above, thereby obviating the need for the mesh panel 48. The arcuate cushion member 46, which extends around the infant/child’s head when in use, may be formed of a soft touch breathable foam and have a removable cover formed of the above-described temperature regulating fabric with an anti bacterial finish.

Referring to Figure 3A of the drawings, the head support device 40 comprises a first elongate shape memory alloy element 50 that extends laterally along the width of the neck-receiving portion 44 (relative to the device when oriented for use) and a second elongate shape memory alloy element 52 that extends longitudinally (generally along the longest dimension) along at least a portion of the length of each cushion member 42. The shape memory alloy elements 50, 52 are disposed within the outer covers of the neck-receiving portion 44 and the cushion members 42. The second shape memory alloy elements 52 comprise respective strips of such material that extend at an angle (matching the longest dimension of the respective cushion member) relative to the first shape memory alloy element 50 within the neck-receiving portion 44, and are disposed beneath or within the breathable foam forming the stuffing. In an exemplary embodiment, the first shape memory alloy element may be a single strip of such material that extends along the full width of the neck-receiving portion 44. However, in a second exemplary embodiment (and, as shown in Figure 3A of the drawings), the first shape memory alloy element 50 may comprise two strips of such material. The first strip 50a extending from (and being attached or otherwise connected to) a second shape memory alloy element 52 in a first of the cushion members 42, along the width of the neck-receiving portion 44 to a location just beyond the centre thereof, and a second strip 50b extending from (and being attached or otherwise connected to) the second shape memory alloy element 52 in the other of the cushion members 42, along the width of the neck-receiving portion 44 to a location just beyond the centre thereof, such that the distal ends of the two strips 50a, 50b are aligned and overlap. A coupling means 54 may be provided to loosely couple the distal ends of the strips 50a, 50b, to hold them in alignment whilst still allowing slidable longitudinal movement thereof. The configuration of the first shape memory alloy element 50 described above enables the width of the neck receiving portion 44 to be adjusted, so as to enable the head support device 40 to be snuggly fitted around an infant/child’s head, in use. In order to shorten the width of the neck-receiving portion 44, a user simply needs to push the cushion members 42 toward each other, causing the strips 50a, 50b forming the first shape memory alloy element 50 to slide relative to each other. In order to lengthen the width, the user simply pulls the cushion members 42 apart to cause the strips 50a, 50b to slide relative to each other in the opposite direction. In addition, the neck-receiving portion 44 can be bent (via the first shape memory alloy element 50) about a vertical axis (relative to the user and when the device is oriented for normal use) to enable the cushion members 42 to be pulled around an

infant/child’s head such that they sit snugly against the side of their face.

The second shape memory alloy elements 52 enable the cushion members 42, which sit at the side of the infant/child’s face and extend under their chin, in use, to be adjusted to fit snugly around the infant/child’s chin simply by manually manipulating them. The application of manual force causes the second shape memory alloy elements 52 to bend and hold the cushion members 42 in the desired position and configuration. Thus, the head support 40 of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention allows the neck-receiving portion 44 to be adjusted width- ways and also about a vertical axis, and the cushion members 42 to be adjusted about an axis corresponding generally to the longest axis of the cushion member(s) 42 such that the head support device provides adequate support all around the infant/child’s face and chin, in use. The temperature regulating fabric facilitates these features, by ensuring that even during prolonged use, the temperature of the infant/child’s head is regulated and kept at a suitable temperature.

Means may be provided at the rear of the head support device 40 to enable it to be removably attached to the seat back of, for example, a stroller or child’s car seat.

Referring to Figures 4 and 4A of the drawings, a head support device according to an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention is similar in many respects to the head support device described with reference to Figures 3 and 3A.

Thus, a head support device 40’ according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention may again be configured to be releasably affixed to the seat back 26 of the seat 20 described with reference to Figure 2 or, in fact, a child car seat (not shown). Flowever, in this case, the device may alternatively be designed and configured as a stand-alone device for use by an adult or a child as a travel cushion or the like. The head support 40’ comprises a pair of cushion members 42’ that are generally‘kidney’-like in shape, having a concave side edge 42a’ and an opposite convex side edge 42b’. An elongate neck-receiving portion 44’ extends generally centrally between the concave side edges 42a’ of the cushion members 42’, but in this case, comprises an elongate strip configured to receive only the user’s head, in use, rather than the larger panel of the head support device of the first exemplary embodiment, which is intended to be received behind the user’s head, in use. The cushion members 42’ once again have an outer multi-layered cover comprising (at least) an outer layer of natural fabric such as 100% cotton, wool or a mixture of the two. An inner layer of a natural fabric, such as wool or the like, and a layer between the outer and inner layers of temperature regulating fabric, such as that of the type described above. A soft, breathable foam may be used as the cushion stuffing. The neck-receiving portion 44’ once again comprises an outer cover of (at least) a natural fabric, such as that of the type described above and (possibly) a layer of wadding or breathable foam for additional comfort.

Referring particularly to Figure 4A of the drawings, the head support device 40’ once again comprises a first elongate shape memory alloy element 50’ that extends laterally along the width of the neck-receiving portion 44’ (relative to the device when oriented for use) and a second elongate shape memory alloy element 52’ that extends longitudinally along at least a portion of the length of each cushion member 42’. The shape memory alloy elements 50’, 52’ are disposed within the outer covers of the neck-receiving portion 44’ and the cushion members 42’. The second shape memory alloy elements 52’ comprise respective strips of such material that extend at an angle relative to the first shape memory alloy element 50’ within the neck- receiving portion 44’, and are disposed beneath or within the breathable foam forming the stuffing. The angle at which the second shape memory alloy elements 52’ extend is, once again, defined by the relative angle of the longest dimension of the respective cushion member 42’. In an exemplary embodiment, the first shape memory alloy element may be a single strip of such material that extends along the full width of the neck-receiving portion 44’. However, in an alternative exemplary embodiment (and, as shown in Figure 4A of the drawings), the first shape memory alloy element 50’ may comprise two strips of such material. The first strip 50a’ extending from (and being attached or otherwise connected to) a second shape memory alloy element 52’ in a first of the cushion members 42’, along the width of the neck-receiving portion 44’ to a location just beyond the centre thereof, and a second strip 50b’ extending from (and being attached or otherwise connected to) the second shape memory alloy element 52’ in the other of the cushion members 42’, along the width of the neck-receiving portion 44’ to a location just beyond the centre thereof, such that the distal ends of the two strips 50a’, 50b’ are aligned and overlap. In the embodiment illustrated, the first shape memory alloy element 50’ extends from a point generally central along the respective second shape memory alloy element 52’, such that each second memory alloy element 527strip 50a’, 50b’ assembly forms a generally T-shaped structure. A coupling means 54’ may once again be provided to loosely couple the distal ends of the strips 50a’, 50b’, to hold them in alignment whilst still allowing slidable longitudinal movement thereof.

As before the configuration of the first shape memory alloy element 50’ described above enables the width of the neck receiving portion 44’ to be adjusted, so as to enable the head support device 40’ to be snuggly fitted around an infant/child’s head, in use. In order to shorten the width of the neck-receiving portion 44’, a user simply needs to push the cushion members 42’ toward each other, causing the strips 50a’, 50b’ forming the first shape memory alloy element 50’ to slide relative to each other. In order to lengthen the width, the user simply pulls the cushion members 42’ apart to cause the strips 50a’, 50b’ to slide relative to each other in the opposite direction.

In addition, the neck-receiving portion 44’ can be bent (via the first shape memory alloy element 50’) about a vertical axis (relative to the user and when the device is oriented for normal use) to enable the cushion members 42’ to be pulled around an infant/child’s head such that they sit snugly against the side of their face. The second shape memory alloy elements 52’ enable the cushion members 42’, which sit at the side of the infant/child’s face and extend under their chin, in use, to be adjusted to fit snugly around the infant/child’s chin simply by manually

manipulating them. The application of manual force causes the second shape memory alloy elements 52’ to bend and hold the cushion members 42’ in the desired position and configuration. Thus, the head support 40’ of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention allows the neck-receiving portion 44’ to be adjusted width- ways and also about a vertical axis, and the cushion members 42’ to be adjusted about an orthogonal horizontal axis such that the head support device provides adequate support all around the infant/child’s face and chin, in use. The temperature regulating fabric facilitates these features, by ensuring that even during prolonged use, the temperature of the infant/child’s head is regulated and kept at a suitable temperature.

Referring now to Figure 5 of the drawings, a bassinet according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated. The bassinet 100, in its most basic form, comprises an outer‘basket’ 102, a liner 104 and a mattress 106. The outer basket 102 comprises a generally oval or rounded rectangular rigid frame 108 and a base 1 10, with a fabric sidewall 1 12 extending between the frame 108 and base 1 10 to form a basket-like structure. The fabric sidewall 1 12 may be formed of any suitable, hard wearing, water resistant fabric, and the present invention is not necessarily intended to be limited in this regard. Mounting members 1 14 are provided on opposing side edges of the frame 108 to enable the bassinet to be mounted on a stroller frame assembly, for example, of the type described above. An opening 1 16 (only one shown) is provided in each of the opposing ends of the fabric sidewall 1 12, and a fabric flap 1 18 is stitched along the upper edge of each of the openingsl 16 to provide a releasable flap to selectively cover or uncover the opening 1 16, in use. Cooperative magnetic securing means 120 may be provided (at the free end of the flap 1 18 and at a suitable location adjacent the lower edge of the opening 1 16) to secure the flap 1 18 over the opening, as required. Means 122 may also be provided to secure the flap 1 18 in an open configuration as required.

The liner 104 comprises a rigid or semi-rigid, generally oval or rounded rectangular frame 124, a fabric base 126 and a fabric sidewall 128 extending between the frame 124 and the base 126. Again, the liner sidewall 128 may be formed of any suitable material, and the liner 104 itself is shaped and configured to fit inside the outer ‘basket’ 102. One end of the liner sidewall 128 may include a ventilation panel 130 formed of a mesh material. The opposing end may have a similar, mesh ventilation panel or it may have a closable opening 132, as shown in Figure 5. The mattress 106 is a padded generally oval or rounded rectangular element, shaped and configured to fit in the base of the liner 104. The outer cover of the mattress 106 (within which is provided a breathable foam material or a soft breathable wadding material) comprises a multi-layered structure formed of (at least) an outer layer of natural material such as cotton, wool or a mixture of the two, an inner layer of Merino wool or the like, which is naturally fire retardant, and a middle layer (at least at a‘head region of the mattress) of temperature regulating material such as that described above. The temperature regulating material may be used across the entire outer cover, but in a preferred exemplary embodiment, a small layer only is provided at the surface of the mattress on which it is intended that an infant will lie and at the region in which their head will be located, in use.

A flexible temperature indicating strip (not shown) is provided, also at the head region of the bassinet, and removably secured along the frame of the liner 104. Referring to Figure 6 of the drawings, and as referenced above in relation to Figure 2 of the drawings, a stroller seat according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention has side panels 36 including a perforated region 36a, in addition to the layer of temperature regulating fabric (at least) in the head region of the seat back cover. A closable flap 150 is affixed or otherwise connected longitudinally adjacent the back of the stroller seat, the flap 150 being shaped and configured to cover (at least) the perforated region 36a of a respective side panel 36 (with securing means being provided to secure the flap 150 in the closed configuration). Additionally, securing means may be provided on the outer rear wall of the seat back to enable each flap to be pulled back and secured against the back of the seat when it is required to uncover the perforated regions 36a of the side panels 36.

Furthermore, and to ensure that the perforated regions 36 of the side panels 36 remain completely unobstructed, the seat base cover (or at least the padded portion thereof) may be generally oval or rounded rectangular in shape, to match the shape and size of the seat base 24, but have concave side edges (at the regions thereof adjacent the perforated regions 36a of the side panels 36) so as to ensure that the seat base cover does not obstruct the perforated regions 36a, in use.

Thus, it can be seen, both in the case of the stroller seat and the bassinet described above, a temperature regulating material is provided (at least) at the head region of the device, and ventilation panels are provided in opposing walls. The temperature regulating material always acts to regulate the temperature of the infant or child in the device but, if additional cooling is required, the ventilation panels can be opened, and they are positioned and configured such that, as the stroller assembly is conveyed forward, airflow is created across the infant/child in the seat/bassinet. In the bassinet, the additional provision of a temperature indicator strip at the head end of the bassinet, enables a user to see the temperature from their‘normal’ position at the opposite end of the device, and (if necessary) take corrective action.

A stroller frame assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of wheels. Each wheel comprises an outer circular rim and an inner concentric hub, with equally spaced radial elements extending all the way around the wheel between the inner wall of the outer rim and the outer wall of the hub. The elastic modulus of the radial elements increases along their length from the outer rim to the hub (i.e. it is less adjacent to the outer rim than it is adjacent to the hub). This is highly beneficial to provide a radially graduated shock absorbing capability, enabling the wheels themselves to perform the required shock absorption for larger weight, thus enabling the suspension spring to be made much lighter to accommodate the lowest weights (e.g. <10kg).

Referring to Figure 7 of the drawings, in a first exemplary embodiment, a wheel 200 of the invention may comprise a circular outer rim 202 of resiliently flexible plastic material and a substantially rigid concentric hub 204. The shape of the hub, whilst generally circular, is not critical. However, and especially if the radial elements are to be formed by moulding, it is beneficial for the hub to have a non-uniform outer wall. Furthermore, the hub 204 may include cut-out portions to minimise its weight, whilst retaining the required rigidity and strength.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 7, the radial elements effectively comprise slightly curved spokes 206 which extend from the outer wall of the hub, at an angle relative to the radius of the wheel, to the inner wall of the outer rim 202. The thickness of each of the spokes 206 is graduated so as to gradually increase from the outer rim to the hub, thereby providing a graduated elastic modulus thereof that increases from the outer rim to the hub. In a stroller assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the suspension spring (alone) provides the required shock absorption for weights of less than 10kg or so. For weights of between 10 and 20kg, the required shock absorption is provided by the portions of the radial elements nearest the outer rim. Once the weight of the load exceeds 20kg, the required additional shock absorption is provided by the portions of the spokes nearest the hub. In order to provide an element of shock absorption at the outer rim for when a user is conveying the stroller assembly over steps, for example, it is highly desirable for the outer rim to be slightly deformable. In order to ensure that the outer rim is sufficiently robust to perform the required shock absorption but also provide this desirable deformation, the inner wall of the outer rim is provided with a series of ridges 208 and respective grooves 210 (see Figure 7A). The spacing between the ridges (i.e. the width of the grooves) is optimised to minimise the ingress and collection of debris therein, i.e. they need to be sufficiently wide to provide the desired deformation but sufficiently narrow to minimise the ingress and retention of debris. The ridges 208 are tapered at their ends, and the grooves 210 are tapered at their base.

Referring now to Figures 8 and 9 of the drawings, respective wheels according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated schematically. Referring first to Figure 8, the wheel 214 once again comprises a circular, resiliently flexible outer rim 216 and a substantially rigid concentric inner hub 218 with resiliently flexible radial elements extending all the way around the wheel between the outer rim and the hub. The radial elements form a web disposed between the hub and the outer rim. The radial elements of the web may comprise a pentagonal, hexagonal or other polygonal shape and the web is coupled to the inner wall of the outer rim 216 via a plurality of connecting portions or points 232, and the web is coupled to the outer wall of the hub 218 via a plurality of elongate portions or arms 324. The radial elements are configured to concentric rows or layers around the hub 218 (as illustrated in figures 9 and 9A), with each layer comprising an elastic modulus which reduces as the radial distance from the hub 218 increases.

The outer rim includes a generally central, circumferential rib 220 to aid steering of the stroller frame assembly, in use. The outer rim 216 and the radial elements (to be described hereinafter) may be integrally formed of rubber or similar elastically deformable material by moulding or other suitable manufacturing process. The inner wall of the outer rim 216, between each radial element, is provided with a series of spaced apart ridges 222 with respective grooves 224 being defined between adjacent ridges 222. Once again, the number and spacing of the ridges and grooves is dependent on the size of the wheel, but can be optimised to ensure that the outer rim is sufficiently resiliently flexible to provide some shock prevention when going over bumps and steps but also to minimise ingress and collection of debris. The hub 218, as before, need not be entirely solid, but can be optimised to minimise weight whilst providing the required degree of rigidity.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, and with additional reference to Figure 8A, each radial element comprises two sections: a first section 228 and a second section 230. The elastic modulus of the first section 228 is less than that of the second section 230. The first section comprises a bifurcated portion, which in the illustrated embodiment comprises an inverted V-shaped portion comprising a pair of elongate arms 228a extending at opposing angles from a connecting point 232 to the inner wall of the outer rim 216. The radial elements are positioned such that an arm of each inverted V-shaped portion adjoins an arm of the V-shaped portion of the adjacent radial element to form an adjoined portion 231. The second section 230 comprises a pair of elongate arms 234, each arm extending substantially radially to the outer wall of the hub 218 from a respective adjoined portion 231. Each inverted V-shaped portion and respective pair of radially extending elongate arms 234, together with the portion of the outer wall of the hub 218 extending between the radially extending elongate arms 234, form a pentagonal cavity. The shape and configuration of the V-shaped first portion of each radial element is such that it naturally has an elastic modulus less than that of the associated two parallel radially extending elongate arms 234. However, the thickness of the arms 228a of the inverted V-shaped first section and the radially extending arms 234 forming the second section of each radial element can be adjusted in order to achieve the desired elastic modulus for each section to accommodate the respective weight ranges. It will be appreciated that the wheel described above, and illustrated in Figures 8 and 8A of the drawings provides two“layers” of shock absorption or suspension via radial elements that define two separate respective sections 228 and 230. Referring now to Figure 9 of the drawings, and in the case that a (possibly larger) wheel is required to provide more than two‘layers’ of shock absorption or

suspension, more‘layers’ can be added by repeating the radial element pattern described above with reduced dimensions. It is to be understood that the elastic modulus of the two-part radial element described above increases as its physical dimensions are decreased. Thus, for example, in the wheel of Figure 9, the outer rim, circumferential rib and hub are all similar to those described above with reference to Figure 8, and the same reference numerals are used to define them, except their physical dimensions may be different (i.e. their diameter larger). In this case, the sections of the radial elements nearest the outer rim are substantially the same as the radial elements of the wheel of Figure 8. Thus, each radial element comprises the inverted V-shaped section 228 and the parallel radial arm section 230. However, in this case, a further two‘layers’ of shock absorbing sections are included. Referring additionally to Figure 9A of the drawings, the further layers are similar in most respects to the layers nearest the outer rim, in that they comprise, respectively, an inverted V-shaped portion and a parallel radial arm portion (wherein the radial arms extend from respective ends of the adjacent V-shaped portion). However, the physical dimensions of the further two layers are smaller than those of the

corresponding first two layers (defined, respectively, by sections 228 and 230). Each inverted V-shaped section 240 of the‘third’ layer extends (from its apex) from the end of a radially extending elongate arm 228a of the second layer, and each radially extending arm 242 of the fourth layer extends from an end of an arm 240a of the respective V-shaped portion 240 of the third layer. In this case, it is the V-shaped section and respective radially extending parallel arms of the third and fourth sections that make a pentagonal recess, and the equally spaced first and second sections (together with the upper profile of the third sections) effectively form a honeycomb-like pattern around the wheel. Thus, the elastic modulus of the first section 228 (nearest the outer rim) of each radial element is less than that of the second section 230 (as explained above). The elastic modulus of the second section 230 is less than that of the third section defined by the inverted V-shaped section 240 (which is dimensioned to have an elastic modulus greater than that or at least substantially the same as that of the second section), and the elastic modulus of the fourth section, defined by the radially extending arms 242 (which meet the outer wall of the hub) is, by its very nature, greater than that of the third section. As a result, a wheel is provided with four distinct levels of shock absorption of suspension. The thickness of the various elements of each layer of suspension can be adjusted to provide the desired elastic modulus.

Referring to Figure 10 of the drawings, a child’s car seat according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically. The car seat comprises a seat 300 mounted within a rigid base 302. A handle 304 is pivotally mounted at the side edges of the base so as to laterally span the seat 300, in use. A selectively extendible and contractible hood 306 is also mounted to the base 302 and defines the‘rear’ of the car seat. A seat lining 308 is provided within the seat 300, the seat lining comprising a multi layered covering comprising (at least) an outer layer of natural material, such as cotton, wool or a mixture of the two, an inner layer of a natural fabric, such as Merino wool, and a middle layer comprising a temperature regulating material of the type described above, the middle layer being provided at least at a head region of the seat lining 308. Straps 312 are provided to secure an infant within the seat, in use, and a head support device 314 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention (as illustrated in Figure 4) is provided at the head region of the seat lining 308. It will be apparent that the stroller seat and bassinet described above, as well as the car seat illustrated in Figure 10 of the drawings, may incorporate a hood of the type that will now be described in more detail.

Thus, referring back to Figure 5 of the drawings, as well as Figures 5A and 5B, the bassinet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may comprise a carrycot cover 23 and a hood 306, mounted at opposing side edges of the‘basket’ at the‘head end’ of the bassinet such that it spans the open upper end and can be extended and retracted in a conventional manner.

The hood 306 comprises a rigid front rib and a similar rear rib and, in this case, may comprise two intermediate ribs to provide structure to the hood 306 when it is extended for use.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first pocket (not shown) may be provided on the outer surface of the hood, either adjacent to the front rib or adjacent to (or along) the intermediate rib nearest the front rib). A canopy (307 - Figure 5A) may be

removably retained within the first pocket (in a folded or rolled configuration). The canopy 307 is formed of (or includes a large panel of) UV reflective (and/or protective) fabric and is shaped and configured to be extended, from the first pocket, over the remainder of the hood and the exposed open region of the child carrying device (i.e. car seat, stroller seat or bassinet). Releasable securing means 309 may be provided to releasably secure the canopy over the child carrying device. An opening may be provided in the front of the canopy 307 which is covered by a flap 31 1 which can be released and pulled back, away from the opening, if it is required to look into the seat/bassinet to check on the infant/child therein. Securing means 313 may be provided to secure the flap 31 1 in an open configuration, if required.

The canopy 307 may be formed of a light blocking fabric.

A second pocket (not shown) may be provided adjacent to the rear rib or adjacent to (or along) the intermediate rib nearest the rear rib. A rain cover (315 - Figure 5B) may be removably retained within the second pocket (in a folded or rolled

configuration). The rain cover may be formed of a waterproof nylon material, or similar, and is shaped and configured to be extended, from the second pocket, over the remainder of the hood (and the canopy 307 if extended) and the exposed region of the child carrying device. Releasable securing means 317 may be provided to releasably secure the rain cover 315 over the child carrying device. Perforations 319 may be provided in the rain cover for ventilation.

It will be understood by a person skilled in the art, from the foregoing description, that modifications and variations can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.