STRUCTURAL BEARING RUNOUT CONSTRUCTION METHOD IN BUILDINGS

WITH SEISMIC BASE ISOLATORS

The present invention relates to the structural bearing runout construction method for the structural bearing runout located between the rigid structure mass and the moving structure in the moving base isolator systems, which are used to absorb the seismic forces to minimize the impacts of earthquakes in detached buildings, to be established easily and with the right measurements during construction.

Earthquake is defined as a natural disaster, the impacts and timing of which cannot be fully predetermined. However, as mankind learned more about the impacts of earthquakes through experience, they started developing methods to provide for protection against earthquakes. In today's technology, various techniques and systems have been developed, called isolator systems (seismic isolation), to prevent the damages that may be caused by moving forces of earthquakes, to minimize the loss of life and property and to maintain transportation. One of the foremost techniques is the base isolator systems that absorb the seismic motions.

The general principle of base isolator systems is based on moving of the (moving structure of the) building within its rigid structure mass in a way to absorb the seismic forces that affect the building during an earthquake. This absorbent action is provided by ball mechanisms between the moving structure and rigid structure mass. Due to such systems, which are placed between the second foundation that is part of the moving structure and the first foundation that is part of the rigid structure mass, the moving structure on the first foundation moves and absorb the seismic forces that affect the building. In order for the absorbing to take place, there is a structural bearing runout between the moving structure and the rigid structure mass. The moving structure performs its motion within the rigid structure mass in the bearing runout. Bearing runout may also be called the "isolator layer".

The system described in the document, numbered 2012/14397 and entitled "Earthquake-proof building system" lacks explanations on how the bearing runout is to be manufactured and which materials are to be used in its manufacture. This bearing runout is one of the most important and critical elements of earthquake-proof building systems. It is not possible to use the known methods in construction, which are steel or wood formwork systems. Indeed the formwork used, cannot be removed from the bearing thrust and remain at the location it was used due to narrow spacing. Such construction materials remaining in the structural bearing runout will either limit or make it impossible for the building to move during and earthquake. Our present invention, entitled structural bearing runout construction method in earthquake- proof buildings has resolved all of the above issues. The present solution allows for the structural bearing runout to be constructed in the calculated form and measures, to function as a formwork in the related surfaces of the reinforced concrete structural elements and also, for easy movement on the base isolator of the moving structure as the filling materials used in the construction of the structural bearing runout gets crushed without any resistance during an earthquake. Due to the present system, which is totally articulated, the base shear forces and base momentum that are created during an earthquake are cancelled and the earthquake forces are not conveyed to the upper storeys. In the present system, the moving building performs the motion as a monolithic mass.

Around the foundation of the moving structure of the buildings that have base isolator systems with ball action mechanisms used in earthquake-proof building systems, there is a base console, an impact console, which is located in the rigid structure mass and which limits the motion of the moving structure during an earthquake. Naturally, in the buildings that have this system, a structural bearing runout is left between the moving structure and the rigid structure mass. The measurements of the gap between the moving structure and the impact console are determined via precision calculations. If the impact console in the rigid structure mass is too close to the moving structure, the span of motion of the building will be shorter and with each earthquake, the moving structure will hit against the base console and the impact console located in the rigid structure mass. In reality, with the present invention in the earthquake-proof building systems, we predict the collision of the base console against the impact console in earthquakes in disaster scenarios, i.e., in earthquakes that occur every 2000 years or in very high buildings. The motion of the building in massive earthquakes is precisely calculated and the maximum motion span can be determined. If a more forceful earthquake happens than the one calculated, the same kind of collision will occur and the moving building will not go beyond the limits we have set. Furthermore, in the event the impact console is farther away from the moving structure than required, the size of the calculations for the base console and the impact console will be larger than needed and the solution will no longer be economic. Keeping the operational sizes of these structural elements, which are subject to heavy loads, at minimum allows the solution to be economic.

The present invention, which relates to structural bearing runout construction method in buildings with seismic base isolator, provides for the structural bearing runout, located in between the rigid structure mass and the moving structure of detached buildings with seismic energy absorbing moving base isolators used to minimize the earthquake impacts, to be established easily and with the right measurements during construction and overcomes all of the aforementioned disadvantages allowing the structural bearing runout to be established during construction in the right measurements and in an economic and easy manner and being appropriate for use, posing no obstructions to the lateral movement of the building in any way during an earthquake, facilitating the manufacturing of the structural bearing runout and producing of the formworks for reinforced concrete structural elements, not obstructing the movement of the building as it crushes during an earthquake and having low-cost.

The present invention allows for the structural bearing runout to be constructed in any direction, shape and in precision measurements in building with base isolator systems. Furthermore, the present invention provides an easy method, in terms of construction techniques and a low-cost method.

In the structural bearing runout construction method developed in the present invention, filling materials such polystyrene, soft runner, rock wool, etc. are used in between the rigid structure mass and moving structure. The filling materials should be of the nature that will not obstruct the movement of the building during an earthquake. When the building moves during an earthquake, he fillings materials will be crushed without showing any resistance.

The measurements of the fillings materials will be determined based on the measurements of the structural bearing runout determined via precision calculation methods. Thus, the structural bearing runout can be constructed exactly with the required measurements. Also, the filling materials can be cut or molded as required and produced appropriately for the structural bearing runout using known methods.

The filling materials placed between the rigid structure mass and the moving structure during construction facilitate laying of the second foundation for the moving structure. This provides convenience in terms of construction techniques, savings in manpower and low-cost advantages. When the impact console in the rigid structure mass and the exterior curtain walls, their inside are covered with filling materials in the projected sizes and manner. Therefore, in the building system having a seismic base isolator with a ball mechanism, the gap between the impact console and the moving structure is established easily and in the exact measurements as calculated. Base isolators are placed in such a way that there is one under each one of the building columns.

Hereafter, the present invention is illustrated more in detail referencing the accompanying drawings which;

Figure 1 is the general view of a building where the structural bearing runout construction method for buildings with seismic base isolator was applied.

Figure 2 is the view of the structural bearing runout construction method for buildings with seismic base isolator with detailed filling material.

Figure 3 is the view of the structural bearing runout construction method for buildings with seismic base isolator without detailed filling material.

Legend:

NO NAME OF THE PART

1 Structural bearing runout

2 Filling material

Base isolator

4 Rigid structure mass

4.1 First foundation

5 Moving structure

5.1 Second foundation

6 Impact console

7 Exterior curtain wall

8 Interior curtain wall 9 Reinforced concrete cover

10 Second base console

1 1 Building columns

The present invention, which relates to structural bearing runout construction method for buildings with seismic base isolators that allows for the structural bearing runout in the building systems, with moving base isolator minimizing the earthquake impacts in detached buildings, between the rigid structure mass and the moving structure to be established easily and with the right measurements, is generally comprised of rigid structure mass (4), moving structure including the storeys of the building (5), structural bearing runout ( 1) located between the rigid structure mass (4) and the moving structure (5), filling material (2) in the size and shape of the structural bearing runout (1), the first foundation (4.1 ) within the rigid structure mass (4), impact console (6) within the rigid structure mass (4), exterior curtain wall (7) that protects the rigid structure mass (4) from the lateral loads of the base and thoroughly surrounds the structural bearing runout (i), the second foundation (5.1) on which the moving structure is built, base isolator (3), which is placed under each building column between the second foundation (5.1 ) and the first foundation (4.1 ) and on which the moving structure (5) that conveys the vertical building loads to the first foundation (4.1) moves, interior curtain wall (8) that completes the structural bearing runout by surrounding the moving structure on the second foundation (5.1 ), reinforced concrete cover (9) protecting the structural bearing runout ( 1 ) from foreign objects, the second base console (10) protecting the moving structure from tipping over, and building columns (1 1 ) bearing the storeys of the moving structure (5).

The present invention functions in the following way:

The present invention allows for the structural bearing runout (1) between the rigid structure mass (4) and the moving structure (5) of the buildings with base isolators (3) that are built using earthquake-proof building systems against earthquakes to be constructed with the right measurements and easily in terms of construction techniques and at a low cost. The aforementioned advantages of the present invention are achieved by a structural bearing runout (1 ), which is established using filling materials (2) such as polystyrene, soft rubber, rock wool, etc. in the cuts and forms appropriate for the calculations and the geometrical shape of its location and which does not limit the motion of the base isolators (3) on which the moving structure (5) moves during an earthquake. in buildings, constructed with earthquake-proof building ss'stems, having base isolators (3), the first foundation (4.1) of the rigid structure mass (4) is laid initially using known construction applications. Then, the other structural elements of the rigid structure mass (4), impact consoles (6) and exterior curtain wall (7) are built. Base isolators (3) are placed under each one of the building columns (1 1) between the first foundation (4.1 ) of the rigid structure mass (4) and the second foundation (5.1) of the moving structure (5).

Filling material (2) is prepared in the shape and with the measurements that will allow for the structural bearing runout (1) to be covered by such methods as cutting, molding, etc. The filling material (2) thus prepared is installed between the first foundation (4.1) in the rigid structure mass (4) and the second foundation (5.1) in the moving structure (5), between impact console (6) and the second foundation console (1 ) and between the exterior curtain wall (7) and the interior curtain wall (8). The reinforced concrete cover (9) located in the moving structure (5) protects the structural bearing runout (1 ) against accumulation of foreign objects to prevent any complications from arising.

Over the first foundation (4.1 ) and the filling material (2), installed on the interior of the impact console (6), the second foundation (5.1) of the moving structure (5) is laid using known methods. On this foundation (5.1 ), interior curtain wall (8) that thoroughly surrounds the moving structure (5), reinforced concrete cover (9), and building columns (1 1) are constructed. The volume of the filling material (2) constitutes the structural bearing runout (1 )-

During any earthquake, the moving structure (5) moves within the structural bearing runout (1 ). The filling material (2), does not show any resistance to this motion in any way due to its material properties and it is crushed with the first motion.