A SUNSCREEN COMPOSITION COMPRISING HIGHLY POROUS AMORPHOUS MESOPOROUS MAGNESIUM CARBONATE AND A CHEMICAL UV FILTER

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a sunscreen composition comprising highly porous amorphous Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate (MMC) and a chemical UV filter or a combination of chemical UV filters. In particular, the invention relates to a sunscreen composition comprising MMC mixed with at least one chemical UV filter, wherein the chemical UV filter is in a range of 1-50 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the chemical filter.

Background of the invention

UV radiation comprises approximately 5% of the solar spectrum which reaches the surface of the earth, with the rest of the spectrum being visible light and infrared radiation. UV radiation (UVR) can further be divided into three subtypes; UVA (320 - 400 nm), UVB (280 - 320 nm) and UVC (200 - 280 nm). While UVC is mainly absorbed by the ozone layer, most UVA and UVB rays are able to penetrate the stratosphere. In the field of sun protection products, UVA is often divided into the subranges UVA1 (340-400 nm) and UVA2 (320-340 nm). The onset of the visible spectrum, where humans observe light is at 400 nm. Despite being a minor constituent of the electromagnetic spectrum, a strong correlation between UVR and premature skin aging and damage as well as skin cancer has been shown. UVB penetrates into the epidermis (top layer of the skin) and is considered as one of the main cause of sunburn and skin cancer (both non-melanoma skin cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma) whereas UVA rays penetrate the skin (into the dermis) and causes genetic damage to cells. Moreover, UVA exposure may suppress the immune system, causes harmful free radicals to form in skin, and is associated with skin ageing such as wrinkles and higher risk of developing melanoma. Sunscreens, or sunscreen compositions, have commonly been employed to prevent photo-induced skin damage by absorbing, scattering and / or reflecting UVA and UVB rays.

The UV filtering components in sunscreen products are divided in two main groups: organic compounds (or molecules) and inorganic compounds (or particles), commonly referred to as chemical and physical (or mineral) UV filters, respectively. The chemical filters absorb UVR and convert it to heat while physical filters, due to size and optical properties of the particles, absorb and scatter the UVR. Physical filters generally show a whitening effect on skin, which can be reduced by decreasing the particle size, hence, physical filters are often used in nanoparticle form, reducing visible light scattering. Today there exists a variety of different UV filters in both the UVA and the UVB region as well as broad spectrum (UVA and UVB) filters. However, many of the approved or proposed chemical filters are being re-evaluated from both health and environmental perspectives. Also, environmental concerns have been raised regarding the release of nanoparticles (such as inorganic UV filters) into the environment.

Sunscreen products come in many forms such as lotions, foams, gels, sticks, powders, and sprays. A sun screen product should preferably provide both high UVA and UVB protection, be easy to apply, have low or no whitening effect, give a light, non-oily skin feel, and exhibit low or no safety concerns.

Different chemical UV filters may give an oily feeling on skin due to the high amount of oil phase required for solubilization, or they can be provided in nano form which limits use in spray formulations or other inhalable product forms such as loose powders. Furthermore, the yellow color and fluorescent properties of some chemical UV filters causes undesirable cosmetic effects.

US2019/0380927 discloses a cosmetic composition having UVA and/or UVB protection comprising at least one inorganic UV filter, and surface-reacted calcium carbonate having a volume medium particle size dso from 0.1 to 90 pm wherein the surface -reacted calcium carbonate is a reaction product of natural ground calcium carbonate or precipitated calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide and one or more ¾0 ⁺ ion donors, wherein the carbon dioxide is formed in situ by the H30 ⁺ ion donors treatment and/or is supplied from an external source.

PCT /EP2019/084966 discloses a highly porous magnesium carbonate and a sunscreen composition comprising such highly porous magnesium carbonate. The highly porous magnesium carbonate comprises incorporated UV-absorbing semiconductor particles, such as titanium dioxide (T1O2) and/or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles.

Although many chemical filters and inorganic filters are in use and / or proposed as suitable components in sunscreen compositions challenges remain in the field. To efficiently protect against the UV radiation, a sunscreen composition should exhibit high absorbance in a broad UV region. Today, in order to achieve a good UV protection, several filters are often combined in a formulation. However, the list of available chemical UV filters, and especially filters that absorbs in the UVA region, is limited. Therefore it is a challenge to develop a sunscreen composition that provides sufficient UV protection. Another need in the area is a sunscreen product in solid form such as for example a powder or spray with a broad UV protection.

Summary of the invention

An object of the invention is to provide a sunscreen composition, a sunscreen product and a cosmetic product with a broad UV absorbance range. This is achieved by the sunscreen composition as defined by claim 1.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method or a use of amorphous magnesium carbonate to broaden a wavelength range at which a UVA and / or UVB absorbing organic compound absorbs at. This is achieved by the use as defined in claim 23 and the method as defined in claim 26.

According to one aspect of the invention sunscreen composition is provided comprising amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) mixed with at least one chemical UV filter. The sunscreen composition comprises the at least one chemical UV filter in a range of 1-50 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter. The amorphous MMC has a specific surface area (BET) of 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g and a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g. The chemical UV filter is an organic compound absorbing UVB and/or UVA light, wherein the organic compound comprises at least one aryl group and at least two functional groups: one comprising oxygen and one comprising oxygen or nitrogen.

According to one aspect of the invention sunscreen composition is provided wherein the organic compound comprises a chemical structure according to the Formula

( i ) wherein one or the other of X and Z is selected from the group consisting of: R ⁱ COR ² , R ⁱ OR ² and R ⁱ COOR ² , wherein R ¹ is attached to the aryl, wherein R ¹⁼ C _n and n=l-3; and wherein R ² is independently selected from a group consisting of H and C _m , wherein m=l-10; wherein the other one of X or Z is selected from the group consisting of: OH and OR ³ wherein the oxygen atom is attached to the aryl, or selected from the group consisting of:

N¾, NHR ⁴ , and NR ⁵ R ⁶ , wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to the aryl, and wherein R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , and R ⁶ is C _p , wherein p=l- 10; and wherein X and Z are randomly attached to the carbon atoms in the aryl group available for substitution.

According to one embodiment the sunscreen composition is provided wherein one or the other of X and Z is selected from the group consisting of R ^! COR ² and R!COOR2.

The sunscreen composition according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the other one of X or Z is selected from the group consisting of: N¾, NHR ⁷ , and NR ⁸ R ⁹ . Alternatively the other one of X or Z is selected from the group consisting of: OH and OR ³ .

According to one embodiment the organic compound comprises at least one additional aryl group.

According to one embodiment the organic compound is a polymer, preferably a polysiloxane, even more preferably a polysilicone, comprising the chemical structure depicted above.

According to one embodiment the organic compound is a compound comprising one or more functional groups selected from benzophenone, salicylate, para-amino benzoate, carbomethoxy aniline, cinnamate, triazine, triazole, siloxane, dibenzoyl methane, benzoate, or acrylate ester.

According to embodiments the chemical UV filter is a UVB-filter, a UVA2 -filter, a UVA1 -filter, or a UVB and UVA -filter or any combination of these UV-filters.

According to one embodiment the organic compound is a compound comprising one or more functional groups selected from benzophenone, salicylate, para- amino benzoate, carbomethoxy aniline, cinnamate, siloxane, dibenzoyl methane, benzoate, acrylate ester.

According to one embodiment the UV filter of the sunscreen composition is an organic compound selected from the group homosalate, octinoxate, octisalate, padimate-O, meradimate, amiloxate, octyl triazone, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), polysilicone- 15, avobenzone, iscotrizinol, bisoctrizole and bemotrizinol, or wherein the UV filter is a mixture of two or more thereof, preferably a mixture of three or more.

According to one embodiment the UV filter of the sunscreen composition is an organic compound selected from homosalate, octinoxate, octisalate, padimate-O, meradimate, amiloxate, octyl triazone, iscotrizinol and polysilicone- 15, or wherein the UV filter is a mixture of two or more thereof, preferably a mixture of three or more thereof.

According to one embodiment the UV filter of the sunscreen composition is an organic compound selected from octisalate, octinoxate, benzophenone-3, octocrylene, and homosalate.

According to one embodiment the UV filter of the sunscreen composition is an organic compound selected from octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and homosalate.

According to one embodiment the UV filter of the sunscreen composition is a mixture of avobenzone and one or more compound selected from octisalate, octocrylene, and homosalate.

According to one embodiment the UV filter of the sunscreen composition is a mixture of avobenzone and one or more compound selected from octisalate, and homosalate.

According to one embodiment the sunscreen composition is further comprises ensulizole.

According to one aspect of the invention a sunscreen composition is provided wherein the sunscreen composition has a maximum content of nanoparticles of physical filters of not more than 1 wt% of the total composition, preferably not more than 0.5wt %, preferably not more than 0.1 wt%, wherein the nanoparticles of physical filter are nanoparticles of titanium oxide or zinc oxide.

According to one aspect of the invention a sunscreen composition is provided wherein amorphous MMC material has a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g preferably larger than 0.2 cm ³ /g, more preferably larger than 0.3 cm ³ /g, a specific surface larger than 100 m ² /g and is constituted of particles having a peak particle size at or below 35 pm, preferably between 1 and 30 pm, and even more preferably between 1 and 20 pm.

In one aspect of the invention there is a use of a porous amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate for broadening a wavelength range at which a UVB and / or UVA absorbing organic compound absorbs at, wherein the amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate has a specific surface area (BET) of 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g and a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g.

In one aspect of the invention there is a method of broadening a wavelength range at which a UVB and/or UVA absorbing organic compound absorbs at comprising the step of mixing a porous amorphous MMC with the UVB and / or UVA absorbing organic compound, wherein the amorphous MMC has a specific surface area (BET) of 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g and a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g.

The sunscreen composition according to the invention may readily be incorporated in existing types of sun protection and cosmetic products, in particular into loose powder products, pressed powder products and powder spray products.

Thanks to the invention it is possible to provide sunscreen compositions and related products with a broad UV absorbance range.

It is an advantage that well-known and approved chemical UV-filters may be utilized and by the sunscreen composition according to the invention will exhibit a broader UV absorbance range than in prior art sunscreen compositions.

A further advantage is that the sunscreen composition according to the invention comprises a porous amorphous MMC that is regarded as an environmentally friendly substance and also regarded as not having any known health aspects.

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail, by way of example only, with regard to non-limiting embodiments thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings. Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a broadening of the UV absorption region;

Figure 2a is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising homosalate, the solid curve represents 10 wt% pure homosalate; (---) represents a composition comprising 10 wt% homosalate mixed with MMC;

Figure 2b is absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising homosalate, the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure homosalate; ( . ) represents 70 wt% pure MMC; ( - ) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% homosalate mixed with MMC; ( — ) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% homosalate and magnesium stearate; and (- - -) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% homosalate and hydromagnesite;

Figure 2c is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising homosalate, the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure homosalate; (---) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% homosalate mixed with MMC;

Figure 3 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising ensulizole, the solid curve represents 8 wt% pure ensulizole; (---) represents a composition comprising 8 wt% ensulizole mixed with MMC;

Figure 4a is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising octisalate, the solid curve represents 10 wt% pure octisalate; (---) represents a composition comprising 10 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC;

Figure 4b is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising octisalate, the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure octisalate; ( — ) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% octisalate and magnesium stearate; and (---) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC;

Figure 4c is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising octisalate, the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure octisalate; (---) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC;

Figure 5a is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising octinoxate, the solid curve represents 10 wt% pure octinoxate; (---) represents a composition comprising 10 wt% octinoxate mixed with MMC; Figure 5b is an UV absorbance graphs for one embodiment of the invention comprising octinoxate, the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure octinoxate; ( — ) represents the mixture comprising 30 wt% octinoxate and magnesium stearate; (---) represents the mixture comprising 30 wt% octinoxate mixed with MMC;

Figure 5c is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising octinoxate, the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure octinoxate and (---) represents the mixture comprising 30 wt% octinoxate mixed with MMC;

Figure 6a is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising Padimate-O, the solid curve represents 10 wt% pure Padimate-O; (---) represents a composition comprising 10 wt% Padimate-O mixed with MMC;

Figure 6b is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising Padimate-O, the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure Padimate-O; ( — ) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% Padimate-O mixed with magnesium stearate; (---) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% Padimate-O mixed with MMC.

Figure 7a is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising avobenzone, the solid curve represents pure avobenzone; (---) represents a composition comprising 10 wt% avobenzone mixed with MMC;

Figure 7b is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising avobenzone using octocrylene as a stabilizing agent, the solid curve represents the mixture of octocrylene and avobenzone; (---) represents a composition comprising 8 wt% octocrylene and 2 wt% avobenzone mixed with MMC;

Figure 8 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising amiloxate, the solid curve represents pure amiloxate; (---) represents a composition comprising 6 wt% amiloxate mixed with MMC;

Figure 9 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising meradimate, the solid curve represents 6 wt% pure meradimate; (---) represents a composition comprising 6 wt% meradimate mixed with MMC;

Figure 10 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising DHHB, the solid curve represents 6 wt% pure DHHB; (---) represents a composition comprising 6 wt% DHHB mixed with MMC; Figure 11 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising octyl triazone, the solid curve represents 5 wt% pure octyl triazone; (---) represents a composition comprising 5 wt% octyl triazone mixed with MMC;

Figure 12 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising polysiliscone-15, the solid curve represents 10 wt% pure polysilisone- 15; (---) represents a composition comprising 10 wt% polysilicone- 15 mixed with MMC;

Figure 13 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising VC25, a proprietary blend of octocrylene, avobenzone, octisalate, octinoxate and benzophenone-3, where the solid curve represents 2.5 wt% of the pure proprietary blend, (---) represents a composition comprising 2.5 wt% pure proprietary blend mixed with MMC;

Figure 14 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising a NA30 chemical UV filter blend, where the solid curve represents 37.5 wt% pure UV filter blend, (---) represents a composition comprising 37.5 wt% NA30 UV filter blend mixed with MMC;

Figure 15a is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising a US30 UV filter blend, where the solid curve represents 32 wt% pure UV filter blend, (---) represents a composition comprising 32 wt% of the US30 UV filter blend mixed with MMC;

Figure 15b is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising a US30 UV filter blend mixed with MMC, where the solid curve represents 32 wt% pure US30 UV filter blend; ( - ) represents a composition comprising 32 wt% pure US30 UV filter blend mixed with MMC; ( — ) represents a prototype with 70 wt% of the 32 wt% pure US30 UV filter MMC composition and 30 wt% silica and polymethylsilsesquioxane ; ( . ) represents 30 wt% of silica and polymethylsilsesquioxane ;

Figure 16 is a UV absorbance graph for one embodiment of the invention comprising homosalate, where the solid curve represents pure homosalate, (---) represents a composition of homosalate and MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite, ( . ) represents a composition of homosalate and MMC ( — ) represents pure MMC-T1O2- ZnO nanocomposite; Figure 17 is a UV absorbance graph, wherein the solid curve represents 10 wt% GC10 chemical UV filter blend in Tricaprylyl carbonate and the dashed curve represents a composition according to one embodiment of the invention comprising 10 wt% pure GC10 chemical UV filter blend mixed with MMC. Figure 18 is a UV absorbance graph illustrating a comparison of a sun screen prototype powder according to one embodiment of the invention and a commercial sun screen powder product, wherein the dashed curve represents a prototype with 70 wt% of the 10 wt% pure GC10 UV filter MMC composition and 30 wt% silica and polymethylsilsesquioxane (dashed lines) and the solid line represents a commercial sunscreen powder (solid line).

Detailed description

The term “sunscreen product” used herein refers to a topical product or topical composition that absorbs or reflects at least some of the sun’s UV radiation and in that way helps protect the skin against sunburn and other skin damage. A sunscreen product can be in the form of a powder, lotion, cream, spray, gel, foam, paste, or stick.

Herein the terms “chemical UV filter”, and “organic UV filter” denote the same thing and refers to a UV filter which absorbs UV radiation and convert it to heat. Herein the terms ’’chemical UV filter”, “organic UV filter”, “chemical filter” have equal meaning and the terms are used interchangeably.

Herein the terms “physical filter” and “inorganic UV filter” denote the same thing and refers to a UV filter which due to size and optical properties of the particles, absorb and scatter the UVR.

The term “solvent” refers to a solvent such as but not limited to ethanol or water, an emollient such as but not limited to alkyl lactate, alkyl benzoate, dicaprylyl carbonate or a liquid chemical UV filter.

The term “UV radiation” refers to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from ~10 nm to -400 nm and is present in sun light. UV radiation can be divided into subtypes:

UVC radiation with wavelengths between -200 and -280 nm; and UVB radiation with wavelengths between -280 and -320 nm; and UVA radiation with wavelengths between -320 and -400 nm. UVA radiation may further be divided into two subtypes: o UVA1 radiation with wavelengths of -340-400 nm; and o UVA2 radiation with wavelengths of -320-340 nm Visible light radiation including violet-blue spectrum -390-485 nm

The term “blue light” as used herein refers to light with wavelengths above -400 nm. The term “blue light protection” is commonly used within cosmetics industry for formulations absorbing at least some light in the violet-blue spectrum (390-485 nm). Especially the light with wavelength in the region just above UV-light, 400-420 is close in energy to the known harmful UVA light.

The term “topical composition” used herein means a composition which is intended to be applied onto the consumer's skin, for example onto the facial skin, or arms, legs, back etc. As appreciated by the skilled person a topical composition may comprise a number of components providing a large number of different functions, for example, but not limited to, other particulate materials, minerals, fillers, binders, perfumes, colorants, stabilizers, active ingredients, oils, waxes, silicones, emollients. Herein a topical composition is mainly discussed in the content of being applied topically on skin to protect against UV-rays from the sun. The term topical composition includes cosmetic products, skin care products, anti-ageing products and sun care products.

The term “MMC” or “mesoporous magnesium carbonate” refers herein to a highly porous amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate with a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g and typically below 1.2 cm ³ /g. The material typically has a specific surface area between 100 and 800 m ² /g (BET), and an average pore size between 2 and 30 nm. The MMC may comprise up to 30 wt% of magnesium oxide (MgO) and unavoidable impurities and additives as a result of for example impurities in the raw material, the production process and/or storage conditions. Impurities include but is not limited to Mg(OH)2. MMC as produced according to prior art is a powder with irregularly shaped particles. The particle sizes can be controlled by various sieving or milling techniques. US 9,580,330 disclose MMC materials, US 9,580,330 is hereby incorporated by reference. For sunscreen compositions particulate MMC as disclosed in PCT/SE2020/050211 is of particular interest. Particulate MMC as disclosed has a peak particle size at or below 35 pm, preferably between 1 and 30 pm, and even more preferably between 1 and 20 pm. The particulate MMC material has an average pore size between 2 and 30 nm, a specific surface area between 100 and 800 m ² /g (BET) and a total pore volume of above 0.1 cm ³ /g, preferably above 0.2 cm ³ /g, and even more preferably above 0.3 cm ³ /g, and typically below 1.2 cm ³ /g. PCT / SE2020 / 050211 is hereby incorporated by reference.

The term “MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite” refers herein to a highly porous magnesium carbonate comprising incorporated UV-absorbing semiconductor particles, such as titanium dioxide (T1O2) and/or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Such a material is disclosed in PCT/ EP2019/084966 that hereby is incorporated by reference. The particle size of the MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite may be controlled as described above and preferred is a peak particle size between 1 and 30 pm, and even more preferably between 1 and 20 pm. In the MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite the titanium dixodie (T1O2) and/or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are comprised in the MMC-matrix. The particulate MMC-Ti0 ₂ -ZnO material retains the porous properties of the MMC and has an average pore size between 2 and 30 nm, a specific surface area between 100 and 800 m ² /g (BET) and a total pore volume of above 0.1 cm ³ /g, preferably above 0.2 cm ³ /g, and even more preferably above 0.3 cm ³ /g, and typically below 1.2 cm ³ /g.

The terms "wt%" and “weight%” both refer herein to percent by weight, i.e. the weight fraction of a component in relation to the total weight of a mixture including the component, expressed in percent.

In the following sunscreen products and / or cosmetic products of different forms or categories comprising the UV absorbing composition of the invention will be discussed. The different categories include, but are not limited to:

A loose powder product’ is a dry powder product characterized by fine free- flowing particles that usually is provided in ajar or powder applicator tube.

A ‘pressed powder product’ is a dry powder product that is compressed into compact form. It may contain ingredients such as silicones and waxes that facilitate the formation of the pressed compact powder form. Face powder in the form of a pressed power cake is an example of a common pressed powder product.

A ‘powder spray’ are powders that come in a spray bottle. In a powder aerosol spray, the powder is dispersed in a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas. A ‘semi-solid product’ is at room temperature neither solid or liquid, for example a wax or a thick paste. Silicones and waxes are typically used to turn the powder product into a semi- solid. A stick is an example of a semi-solid product.

A liquid product’, such as an anhydrous formulation or emulsion such as a lotion or cream, is provided in the form of a semi-viscous or viscous medium, for example hydrous or anhydrous solutions, oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions (cream or lotion), suspensions, ointments, gels or pastes.

A ‘foam’ is a colloidal dispersion of a gas in a liquid medium, for example an aqueous medium and a foam builder / stabilizer.

As discussed in the background there is a need for a sunscreen composition with a broad UV protection, so that it absorbs light in a broader UV region, such as in both the UVA and UVB spectrum, and/or also in the blue light spectrum. There is also a need for a sunscreen composition that comprises a reduced total amount and/or reduced number of chemical filters and no, or at least only a minor amount, of physical filters such as T1O2 and/or ZnO in the form of nanoparticles. As will be described herein, such a sunscreen composition can be provided by a mixture of at least one chemical filter with MMC in which the absorbance range is broader than for the pure chemical filter. In other words the chemical UV filter may go from being a chemical UV filter having UV-blocking properties only in the UVB region to block UV light in both the UVB and the UVA region or alternatively from only blocking in the UVA region to block UV-light in both the UVA and blue-light region or from blocking only in a limited wavelength range in the UVB or UVA region to a broader wavelength range in the same region. By broadening the UV region for chemical UV filters the need for combining different chemical UV filters is reduced. Further, it is also believed that number of and / or the total concentration of chemical UV filters in a sunscreen composition may be reduced by mixing the chemical UV filter with MMC according to the invention.

Amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) has attracted attention as an absorbent of lipids and moisture as well as a carrier of substances for cosmetic or therapeutic applications, among other applications. MMC is a highly porous material composed of amorphous magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide. The specific surface area of MMC can be varied from 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g (BET), the total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g and the average pore size can be varied from 2 to 20 nm, by tuning the synthesis conditions. MMC particles are irregularly shaped and the particle sizes can be controlled by various sieving or milling techniques known in the art, both large particles (several mm) or small particles (pm) can be produced. The material has also been shown in vitro to be non- cytotoxic, showing no toxicity to human dermal fibroblast cells at concentrations of 1000 pg/ml and below and does not induce any skin irritation or skin sensitization when dermatology tested on human subjects.

In all aspects of the invention there is provided a sunscreen composition, which comprises porous amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate and at least one chemical UV filter in a range of 1-50 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with at least one chemical filter, the chemical UV filter being an organic compound absorbing UVB and/or UVA light. The MMC may prior to mixing have a specific surface area between 100 and 800 m ² /g (BET) and a total pore volume of above 0.1 cm ³ /g. After mixing of the chemical filter with MMC the UV absorbance is broadened so that the mixture absorbs UV light also at higher wavelengths as compared with the absorbance of the chemical filter prior to mixing, i.e. the pure chemical filter. This is schematically illustrated in Figure 1 wherein the UV absorbance prior to mixing is illustrated by the solid curve, and the UV absorbance after mixing is illustrated by the dashed curve. Hence, a sunscreen composition and product that absorbs UV light in both the UVB and UVA region or alternatively in both UVA and blue light region can be provided by the invention. The broadening, or additional absorption of UV-light at higher wavelengths, will be discussed in more detail below with reference to different examples.

In other embodiments the MMC material is in the form of a composite material, such as a MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite material. An advantage with a sunscreen composition comprising a chemical filter and a MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite material is that it comprises both at least one chemical filter and at least one physical filter.

A sunscreen composition according to the invention comprises at least one chemical filter mixed with MMC, it may comprise several chemical filters such as for example two, or three, or four, or more chemical filters. Sunscreen compositions according to the present invention experience a broadening of the UV absorbance as described above. An advantage of such a broadened UV absorbance is that a sunscreen composition that absorbs UV-light both in the UVB and UVA region and possibly also provides blue light protection, may be provided without the addition of nanoparticles. Additionally, such a sunscreen composition may have a reduced number of, or total content of, chemical UV filters as compared to current sunscreen compositions. Furthermore, a sunscreen composition according to the invention could expand the choice of chemical UV filters in a formulation and the total number of chemical UV filters can then be reduced due to the additional UV- protection by each chemical UV filter in the composition. By including several chemical UV filters into a sunscreen composition according to the invention a high UV-protection in both UVB, UVA and blue-light region can be achieved depending on the chosen chemical UV filters.

There are many chemical filters on the market today that absorb UV light in the UVA1, UVA2 or UVB region, or in more than one UV region. Different countries and regions have different regulatory requirements, which means that some of the chemical filters are approved by the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) and hence, may be used in the US and some are used in Europe, and some are allowed in both Europe and the US. An example of different chemical filters can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. List of chemical filters, their respective ahsorhance region and if they are currently allowed in US and/ or Europe. *Not considered safe according to FDA proposed rule Feb. 21, 2019. In a first aspect of the invention there is a sunscreen composition comprising amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) mixed with at least one chemical UV filter. The sunscreen composition comprises the at least one chemical UV filter in a range of 1-50 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter. The amorphous MMC has a specific surface area (BET) of 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g and a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g. The chemical UV filter is an organic compound absorbing UVB and/or UVA light. The organic compound comprises at least one aryl group, and at least two functional groups: one comprising oxygen and one comprising oxygen or nitrogen.

In one embodiment of the sunscreen composition comprising amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) the organic compound comprises a chemical structure according to Formula (1)

In Formula (1) one or the other of X and Z is selected from the group consisting of:

R ^! COR ² (i.e., ketone), R ^! OR ² (i.e. ether) and R ^! COOR ² (i.e. ester), wherein R ¹⁼ C _n (i.e. carbonyl) and is attached to the aryl, wherein n=0-3; and wherein R ² is independently selected from a group consisting of H and C _m , wherein m=l-10, or 1-8, 1-6 or 1-3; the other one of X or Z is selected from the group consisting of: OH (i.e., hydroxyl) and OR ³ (i.e. ether), wherein the oxygen atom is attached to the aryl, or selected from the group consisting of: N¾ (i.e. primary amine attached to the aryl), NHR ⁴ (i.e. secondary amine attached to the aryl), and NR ⁵ R ⁶ (i.e. tertiary amine attached to the aryl), wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to the aryl, and wherein R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , and R ⁶ is C _p , wherein p=l-10; and wherein X and Z are randomly attached to the carbon atoms in the aryl group available for substitution.

There is an advantage that the number of carbon atoms, or the alkyl chain, between the aryl group and the respective functional group (i.e., R ^! COR ² , R ^! OR ² , R ^! COOR ² , OH, OR ³ , N¾, NHR ⁴ , and NR ⁵ R ⁶ ) are less than five, or less than four, or less than three, or less than two, or that the respective functional group is directly attached to the aryl group.

In one embodiment of the sunscreen composition, one or the other of X and Z is selected from the group consisting of R ^! COR ² and R ^! COOR ² , wherein the rest of Formula 1 is defined as above.

In one embodiment of the sunscreen composition the other one of X or Z is selected from the group consisting of: N¾, NHR ⁷ , and NR ⁸ R ⁹ , wherein the rest of Formula 1 is defined as above.

In one embodiment of the sunscreen composition the other one of X or Z is selected from the group consisting of: OH and OR ³ , wherein the rest of Formula 1 is defined as above.

In one embodiment of the sunscreen composition the organic compound comprises at least one additional aryl group, wherein the rest of formula 1 is defined as above.

In one embodiment of the sunscreen composition the UV filter is an organic compound selected from the group consisting of homosalate, octinoxate, octisalate, padimate-O, meradimate, amiloxate, octyl triazone, avobenzone, iscotrizinol, bisoctrizole and bemotrizinol, or a mixture of two or more thereof, or a mixture of three or more thereof.

In one embodiment of the sunscreen composition the UV filter is bisoctrizole.

In one embodiment of the invention the chemical UV filter in the sunscreen composition is an organic compound absorbing UVB and/or UVA light, wherein the organic compound comprises a chemical structure according to (2): wherein each of R1 to R6 is independently a hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, an amine group, a first carbonyl group, a triazole group, a triazine group, an amine bound to a triazine group, an alkoxy group, an alkane containing group or an alkene containing group with proviso that at least one of R1 to R6 is a hydroxyl group, an amine group, a first carbonyl group, a triazole group, a triazine group, an amine bound to a triazine group or an alkoxy group.

The amine group may be a primary, secondary or tertiary amine group. The triazine group may be bound directly to the chemical structure (2), or via an amine group, and the triazine group may further comprise additional chemical groups such as amine groups, alkanes, alkenes or aromatic groups.

The alkoxy group, the alkane containing group and the alkene containing group may further comprise carbonyl groups such as ketone or ester groups, aromatic or conjugated groups or amine groups.

In one embodiment the organic compound is a polymer preferably a polysilioxane, even more preferably a polysilicone comprising the chemical structure (2). The polymer, may comprise one or more functional groups along its polymeric chain having the chemical structure (2).

Without being bound by any theory, chemical UV filters which absorb in the UVB region or at higher wavelengths such as in the UVA region do so due to their system of connected p-orbitals which is normally denoted as conjugation. This is normally found in conjugated carbon rings and may extend through substituted groups on the conjugated ring(s).

The conjugation or delocalization of electrons brings the occupied and unoccupied states of the molecule closer together enabling absorption of photons with lower energy or higher wavelengths. The conjugation of a simple conjugated ring may be increased by the addition of electron donating and electron accepting functional groups. The conjugation will then effectively be extended by the length of both the electron donating and accepting groups.

The electron donating groups may provide electrons to the conjugated ring and furthermore electron accepting groups may accommodate these electrons.

Examples of electron donating groups include hydroxyl groups, amine groups, alkoxy groups, or other substituents, which may donate electrons to the conjugated ring. Electron accepting groups may be carbonyl groups in which the double bound oxygen may resonate to form a singly bound oxygen ion.

Without being bound by any theory, the MMC according to the present invention is an amorphous and highly porous magnesium carbonate with Bronsted-Lowry base character in that it may accept protons from Bronsted-Lowry acids. The Mg in magnesium carbonate also acts as a Lewis acid, donating electrons to the carbonate group which possesses Lewis base character. Thus, MMC, comprising both Mg and carbonate groups provides both electron donating and electron accepting groups, which may interact with both electron accepting and donating substituents on a conjugated carbon ring. It appears that the interaction between the MMC and the chemical filter gives an unexpectedly effective conjugation e.g. a shift or broadening in absorbance of the chemical UV filter in the UVB region to absorbance in the UVA2 region or from the UVA2 to UVA1 region or from UVA1 to blue light region, etc.

In one embodiment at least one of R 1 to R6 is an alkane containing group or alkene containing group further comprising a second carbonyl group, wherein said carbonyl group preferably is an ester group or a ketone group. In one embodiment at least one of R1 to R6 is a hydroxyl group. In one embodiment at least one of R1 to R6 is an alkene containing group. In one embodiment at least one of R1 to R6 is a hydroxyl group and wherein at least one of R1 to R6 is a first carbonyl group. In one embodiment the first carbonyl group is a ketone group or an ester group. In one embodiment at least one of R1 to R6 is an amine group. In one embodiment the organic compound comprises an additional conjugated ring, preferably an aromatic ring. In one embodiment the additional conjugated ring is bound to the chemical structure according to (2) via a first carbonyl group, a triazine group or an amine bound to a triazine group. The first and the second carbonyl group may be a COR’ group (ketone) or a COOR’ group (ester) where R’ may be a hydrocarbon group such as an alkane containing group or an alkene containing group or an aromatic group.

In one embodiment the organic compound is a compound comprising one or more functional groups selected from benzophenone, salicylate, para-amino benzoate, carbomethoxy aniline, cinnamate, triazine, triazole, siloxane, dibenzoyl methane, benzoate or acrylate ester.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter may be iscotrizinole, bisoctrizole and/or bemotrizinol. Iscotrizinol, bisoctrizole and bemotrizinol all comprise at least one aromatic ring with a substituted group such as a conjugated carbon ring comprising a triazole, a triazine, an hydroxide group, an alkoxy group or an alkane. The triazine may be selected together with a chemical filter from the groups salicylates and acrylate esters.

A sunscreen composition may comprise a mixture of different chemical UV filters, such as two or more chemical filters, and MMC. Such a mixture may be referred to a ‘chemical UV filter blend’. Mixing of at least two chemical filters is advantageous to achieve sufficient UVA, UVB and blue -light protection of the sunscreen composition such that it can be utilized to protection towards sunburn and other skin damage in cosmetic, anti-ageing, skin-care and sun care products. A mixture of different chemical UV filters may also be advantageous to solubilize solid crystalline chemical UV filters into liquid chemical UV filters. A further advantage is that some chemical UV filters can be stabilized and / or interact in a preferential way to improve UV-absorbance.

The sunscreen composition may comprise one or more stabilizing agents for example but not limited to acrylate polymers such as acrylate ester or ethylhexyl methoxycrylene. For example, the sunscreen composition may comprise a mixture of two or more chemical UV filters such as a combination of avobenzone and octocrylene. In such combination, octocrylene may function as a stabilizing agent for avobenzone. Octocrylene may however additionally provide UV protection as well. A sunscreen composition can also comprise avobenzone and another stabilizing agent, such as for example acrylates polymer, ethylhexyl methoxycrylene, etc. The stabilizing agent may also provide UVB/UVA2 protection in addition to the UVAl protection provided by avobenzone. When mixed with MMC the combination of avobenzone and octocrylene may provide additional UVA- protection and partial blue light protection.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter is a UVB-filter, or UVA2-filter, or UVA1- filter, or a UVB and UVA-filter.

In one embodiment the organic compound is a compound comprising one or more functional groups selected from benzophenone, salicylate, para-amino benzoate, carbomethoxy aniline, cinnamate, siloxane, dibenzoyl methane, benzoate, acrylate ester.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter is an organic compound selected from the group homosalate, octinoxate, padimate-O, meradimate, octisalate, amiloxate, octyl triazone, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), polysilicone- 15, avobenzone, iscotrizinol, bisoctrizole, bemotrizinol, or wherein the chemical UV filter is a mixture of two or more thereof, preferably a mixture of three or more. The mixture may also comprise additional organic UV filters that are not in the list above.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter is an organic compound selected from homosalate, octinoxate, octisalate, padimate-O, meradimate, amiloxate, octyl triazone and polysilicone- 15, or wherein the chemical UV filter is a mixture of two or more thereof, preferably a mixture of three or more thereof.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter is a mixture of avobenzone and one or more compound selected from octisalate, octinoxate, benzophenone-3, octocrylene, and homosalate.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter is a mixture of avobenzone and one or more compound selected from octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and homosalate.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter is a mixture of avobenzone and one or more compound selected from octisalate, octocrylene, and homosalate.

In one embodiment the chemical UV filter is a mixture of avobenzone and one or more compound selected from octisalate, and homosalate.

In one aspect of the invention a sunscreen composition is formed by mixing a chemical UV filter or a chemical filter blend with MMC, the mixing may also be referred to as loading. The mixing may for example be performed using a mortar, a rotary evaporator, large-scale blending facility, or other suitable means for mixing a chemical filter, which can be in the form of a liquid chemical UV filter, or a solid chemical UV filter solubilized in a solvent or in a liquid chemical UV filter, with MMC that is in the form of a powder, or particles. If the chemical UV filter is in the form of a solid powder it may be dissolved first using a suitable solvent such as but not limited to ethanol, acetone or water or in an emollient such as but not limited to Dicaprylyl Carbonate, C12-C13 alkyl lactate, or C12-C15 alkyl benzoate or in another chemical UV filter in liquid from that can solubilize the solid chemical filter. The chemical UV filter can also be dissolved by the addition of a base or acid to the solvent or heated above the boiling point of the chemical UV filter to obtain its liquid form. The ratio between the chemical filter, chemical filter and solvent, or chemical filter blend, or chemical filter and solvent blend (i.e. a mixture of solvents) and the MMC particles may be anything from 1:99 to 50:50 for example 1:99, or 5:95, or 10:90, or 20:80, or 30:70, or 50:50. Depending on the relative amount of chemical filter / chemical filter and solvent / chemical filter blend / chemical filter and solvent blend the formed sunscreen composition may be in the form of a dry, loose powder, a partially agglomerated powder or a paste. To remove excess solvent, the sunscreen composition can be heated slightly above the boiling point of the solvent.

A sunscreen composition comprising MMC and at least one chemical UV filter may be comprised in different cosmetic products sunscreen products, cosmetic products, anti-ageing products, skin-care products, etc. Such products may further comprise different physiological acceptable media, such as other particulate materials, minerals, fillers, binders, perfumes, colorants, stabilizers, active ingredients, oils, waxes, silicones, emollients.

A sunscreen composition with UV-absorbing properties according to the invention can be illustrated by a sunscreen composition comprising homosalate and MMC. Figure 2a shows an absorbance spectrum of one example of a sunscreen composition comprising MMC and 10 wt% homosalate. The composition absorbs UV light up to -369 nm i.e. mainly in the UVA2 region as compared to pure homosalate that absorbs UV light up to -327 nm, i.e. mainly in the UVB region. Hence, the UV absorbance has been broadened with approximately 42 nm. The sunscreen composition was formed by mixing homosalate with MMC. Another sunscreen composition with UV-absorbing properties according to the invention can be illustrated by a sunscreen composition comprising 30 wt% homosalate and MMC. Figure 2b shows an absorbance spectrum of one example of a sunscreen composition comprising MMC and 30 wt% homosalate. The composition absorbs UV light up to -377 nm i.e. mainly in the UVA2 region as compared to pure homosalate that absorbs UV light up to -331 nm, i.e. mainly in the UVB region. Hence, the UV absorbance has been broadened with approximately 46 nm. The sunscreen composition was formed by mixing homosalate with MMC.

Yet another sunscreen composition with UV-absorbing properties according to the invention can be illustrated by a sunscreen composition comprising homosalate and MMC. Figure 2c shows an absorbance spectrum of one example of a sunscreen composition comprising MMC and 30 wt% homosalate mixed with MMC by solvent evaporation. The composition absorbs UV light up to -385 nm i.e. mainly in the UVA2 region as compared to pure homosalate that absorbs UV light up to -331 nm, i.e. mainly in the UVB region. Hence, the UV absorbance has been broadened with approximately 54 nm. The sunscreen composition was formed by mixing homosalate, dissolved in ethanol, with MMC by solvent evaporation using a rotavapor equipment.

The MMC particles used in the sunscreen composition comprising 10 wt% homosalate described above had a specific surface area (BET) of 593 m ² / g, a total pore volume of 0.6 cm ³ /g and a particle size with a D _x (50) value of -5 pm prior to mixing with homosalate. After the mixing the specific surface area (BET) and the total pore volume decreased whereas the particle size remained approximately the same. Table 2 shows the specific surface area (BET) and the total pore volume for the different homosalate samples as well as for the MMC without homosalate (i.e. prior to mixing). As expected, mixing higher amounts of homosalate with MMC decrease total pore volume and surface area of MMC. Different methods of mixing such as oil absorption method and solvent evaporation result in different pore filling as can be observed in Table 2. Table 2. Specific surface area and total pore volume for MMC and MMC mixed with homosalate at different wt%.

¹ Measured using a TriStar II Plus, 3030. The samples were degassed prior to analyzing at 105 °C for 12 hours using a FlowPrep 060/VacPrep 061. The specific surface area were calculated using the BET equation in the relative pressure interval between 0.05 and 0.3 and the total pore volume was determined at the relative pressure of 0.97 at the adsorption branch of the isotherm.

The sunscreen product comprising homosalate and MMC is stable in terms of HPLC-UV analysis of mixing amount and mean purity at the wavelength absorption maximum of homosalate (based on area %): when stored for up to 6 months at 25 °C, 40% RH, and 40 °C, 75% RH. Hence, no or almost no chemical degradation occurs of the homosalate in the sunscreen composition during storage for 6 months. It is an advantage with a sunscreen composition according to the invention that it may be stable in terms of chemical degradation during storage at different temperatures and different relative humidity.

To estimate the broadening of the UV absorbance a parameter denoted Highest Absorbed Wavelength (HAW) has been defined. The HAW is calculated as the minimum value of the derivative of the absorbance function on the higher wavelength side of the absorbance curve of the pure chemical filter or of the sunscreen composition (i.e. a mixture of a chemical filter and MMC) according to formula 2 below, wherein A is the absorbance and L is the wavelength. As the absorbance curve of all chemical UV filters has a maximum, the derivative will be 0 at this maximum and then gradually turn more negative until the inflexion point is reached where the derivative is at its minimum value. Test calculations of the HAW of measured pure chemical UV filter were compared with values of critical wavelength in the sunscreen simulator provided by BASF

(https:/ / www. sunscreen simulator.basf.com/Sunscreen_Simulator/), and were found in good agreement. The shift of HAW was calculated as the difference between HAW for the composition and HAW for the pure chemical UV filter or filter blend. A positive shift of the HAW is an indication that the UV absorbance is broader compared to the UV-absorbance for the pure chemical UV filter or filter blend. Table 3 shows different sunscreen compositions comprising MMC and different chemical UV filters and their respective HAW shifts. In one embodiment the organic compound in a sunscreen composition is one or more of the chemical UV filters (also called a filter blend) that are listed in Table 3. The preparation of the sunscreen compositions presented in T able 3 and the measurements of their respective HAW shifts are described in the examples and in the Figures. The vertical lines in the Figures represent the HAW shifts for the respective UV absorbance curve.

Table 3 List of chemical UV filters, their chemical structure, the wt% of the total composition of the chemical UV filter mixed with MMC, their classification as UVB, UVA2, UVA1 and/or blue light filter and their respective HA W shifl after mixed with MMC.

In one aspect of the invention there is a sunscreen composition, which comprises amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) mixed with at least one chemical filter in a range of 1-50 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with at least one chemical filter, wherein the amorphous MMC has a specific surface area (BET) of 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g and a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g, wherein the chemical UV filter is an organic compound absorbing UVB and / or UVA light, wherein the organic compound is selected from the group homosalate, octinoxate, octisalate, padimate-O, meradimate, amiloxate, octyl triazone, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), polysilicone- 15, avobenzone, iscotrizinol, bisoctrizole, and bemotrizinol or a mixture of two or more thereof, or of three or more thereof. In one embodiment the organic compound is a mixture of two or more, or three or more, organic compounds.

In one embodiment the sunscreen composition comprises amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) mixed with at least one chemical UV filter. The at least one chemical UV filter is in a range of 1-25 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 1-10 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 1-5 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 2-25 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 2-10 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 2-5 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 5-25 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 10-25 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 15-25 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 25-50 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 25-35 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter, or 25-40 wt% of the amorphous MMC mixed with the at least one chemical UV filter. As seen in the examples, the UV-absorbance of the various chemical UV filter may be affected by the amount of MMC. Therefore, the amount of chemical UV filter may depend on the type(s) of UV filter(s) and the desired UV-absorbance of the composition.

It is an advantage with the invention that in some embodiments the sunscreen composition may show both a broadening of the UV absorbance, and also an increase in total UVA absorbance, i.e. an UVA and/or UVB boost. This means that more UVA and/or UVB light is absorbed by the sunscreen composition as compared to the pure chemical filter. This is defined as an increased area under the absorbance curve in the UVA and/or UVB region. This can for example be seen in Figure 2 that shows an UV absorbance curve for a sunscreen composition comprising MMC and homosalate. As can be seen in the figure the area under the absorbance curve in the UVA region is increased for the sunscreen composition as compared to the pure chemical filter. Table 4 shows a list of chemical UV filters and their respective UVA-boost after mixed with MMC. The UVA-boost are calculated from the UV absorbance curve as the area under the UVA absorbance curve for the sunscreen composition minus the area under the curve for the pure filter, the product divided with the area under the UVA absorbance curve for the pure filter and times 100, according to formula 4 below

Table 4 List of chemical UV filters, the wt% of the chemical UV filter in the composition, their classification as UVA1, UVA2 and/or UVB filter and their respective UVA boost after mixed with MMC.

Another example can be seen in Figure 3 that shows the UV absorbance curve for a sunscreen composition comprising ensulizole and MMC. As can be seen in the figure the composition shows an increased absorption in the UVB region, i.e. a UVB boost. In one embodiment a sunscreen composition according to the invention further comprises ensulizole. An advantage with such a composition is that it both has a broader UV absorbance region and a UVB boost. As discussed herein a sunscreen composition according to the invention absorbs UV-light in both the UVA and the UVB region. In one embodiment this is achieved without the use of physical filters such as T1O2 and/or ZnO nanoparticles. Hence, a sunscreen composition with a maximum content of nanoparticles of T1O2 and ZnO of not more than lwt% of the total composition, preferably not more than 0.5wt%, preferably not more than 0. lwt% is provided in one embodiment of the invention. Preferably the composition is essentially free from such nanoparticles.

A sunscreen composition should be applied to the skin, in the form of for example a powder (loose or pressed), an anhydrous or hydrous formulation, a suspension, a semisolid product such as but not limited to a stick, a foam or a liquid spray. In order to be pleasant for the skin the particles of a sunscreen composition should not be too large. Larger particles tend to have a less pleasant feeling when applied on the skin. In one embodiment the amorphous MMC material in the sunscreen composition is constituted of particles having a peak particle size at or below 35 pm, preferably between 1 and 30 pm, and even more preferably between 1 and 20 pm, and has a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g preferably larger than 0.2 cm ³ /g, more preferably larger than 0.3 cm ³ /g, a specific surface larger than 100 m ² /g and. It is an advantage that the sunscreen composition may have the same, or almost the same, particle size as the MMC powder prior to mixing with the chemical filter. In that way the sunscreen composition may have a nice feeling when applied to the skin. Furthermore, MMC material having a peak particle size at or below 35 pm, preferably between 1 and 30 pm, and even more preferably between 1 and 20 pm exhibits a high uptake of oil such as sebum from skin. It is a further advantage of the invention that a sunscreen composition according to the invention may have a less oily feeling when applied to skin as compared to current sunscreen compositions.

It is a further advantage of the invention that a chemical UV filter can be provided in an amorphous, solid formulation, such as for example a powder, in its liquid or solubilized amorphous form, which would otherwise only be possible in a liquid formulation.

In one aspect of the invention there is a sunscreen product comprising a sunscreen composition as described herein wherein the sunscreen product is in the form of a loose powder, pressed powder, a powder spray, a liquid product, a suspension, a semisolid product, a foam, or a liquid spray. A sunscreen product may be provided in different forms such as for example in the form of a cosmetic formulation, a powder (loose or pressed), an anhydrous or hydrous formulation, a suspension , a semisolid product such as but not limited to a stick, a foam or a liquid spray etc. It is an advantage that the sunscreen composition can be used in different products with different physical forms (solid, liquid, semisolid, etc.). It is a further advantage with a sunscreen composition according to the invention that it may have a white color, or at least less colored than the sometimes distinctly colored chemical UV filters.

In one aspect of the invention there is a cosmetic product comprising a sunscreen composition as described herein. The cosmetic product may be in the form of a loose powder, pressed powder, a powder spray, a liquid product, a suspension, a semisolid product, a foam, or a liquid spray. The cosmetic product may for example be an anti- ageing product, or a skin- care product.

In one aspect of the invention there is a use of a MMC material for broadening a wavelength range for which a UVB and / or UVA absorbing organic compound absorbs at, wherein the amorphous mesoporous magnesium carbonate has a specific surface area (BET) of 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g and a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g. Mixing MMC with a chemical filter results in a broadening of the UV absorbance region as described above. Therefore, a MMC material can be used to broaden the UV absorbance region of a chemical filter. In one embodiment such MMC material is constituted of particles having a peak particle size at or below 35 pm, preferably between 1 and 30 pm and even more preferably between 1 and 20 pm.

In one aspect of the invention there is a method of broadening a wavelength range at which a UVB and/or UVA absorbing organic compound absorbs at comprising the step of mixing a porous amorphous MMC with the UVB and / or UVA absorbing organic compound, wherein the amorphous MMC has a specific surface area (BET) of 100 m ² /g up to 800 m ² /g and a total pore volume larger than 0.1 cm ³ /g. In one embodiment such MMC material is constituted of particles having a peak particle size at or below 35 pm, preferably between 1 and 30 pm, and even more preferably between 1 and 20 pm.

Such method may comprise the steps of solubilizing or dissolving a chemical filter in a suitable solvent and mixing it MMC at a final ratio of 1-50 wt% of the amorphous MMC. All aspects, embodiments and variants of the invention may be combined unless explicitly stated otherwise. The experimental details and examples given below are to be regarded as non-limiting examples and the skilled person would understand to adjust the described preparation method and analysis methods to take into account the available equipment and other conditions. Further the skilled person would, guided by the description and the examples, be able to envisage a large variation of blends of chemical filters that would advantageously be combined with MMC.

Experimental

General description of mixing methods

Oil absorption method: MMC particles in solid form are weighed and added to a mortar. A chemical filter in the form of a liquid (oil) or solubilized in a solvent is weighed and added to the MMC particles during stirring with a pestle. The stirring is continued until a loose or agglomerated powder or paste, depending on amount of solvent, was formed. For high melting point chemical UV filters, the chemical UV filter may be heated above its melting temperature and mixed with MMC under heating in for example crystallization beakers. Preferably both the chemical UV filter and MMC is heated during mixing to avoid crystallization.

Solvent evaporation: A chemical filter in solid form is added to a round bottom flask together with a solvent. When the chemical filter is dissolved MMC particles are added to the round bottom flask after which solvent evaporation is performed using a rotary evaporator.

For both oil absorption and solvent evaporation, addition of base or acid to the solvent may be needed to solubilize certain UV filters.

For both oil absorption and solvent evaporation, the formed composition may be heated in oven at a temperature slightly above the solvent boiling point to remove remaining solvent from the mixing.

General description of analysis techniques

UV transmittance of the composition was measured using a UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometer PerkinElmer Lambda 900, equipped with an integrating sphere, where total transmittance spectra were recorded from 250 nm up to 4500 nm with a step size of 1 nm and an integration time of 0.40 seconds. All measured data were corrected using the wavelength dependent reflectance of a Spectralon reference as well as a correction factor to account for port losses. Samples were prepared onto HE6 Molded PMMA plates (Helioscreen) in compliance with ISO24443:2012 for in vitro UVA-PF measurements. Two standard Schonberg reference plates were used to control that the alignment of the spectrometer was satisfactory and transparency of the PMMA-plates was controlled by applying glycerol onto a PMMA-plate and comparing transparency in accordance with to European Cosmetic, Toiletry Perfumery Association (COLIPA) values. When applicable 1.3 mg/cm ² sample was applied, in accordance with ISO24443:2012 for in vitro UVA-PF measurements. Sample amounts are stated for each experiment. The same concentration of reference pure chemical UV filter and chemical filter which was mixed with MMC was applied to enable comparison between the composition and the pure chemical filter. To avoid solvent effects, the references with chemical filters were used in pure form if they had been mixed without solvent or solubilized in the same solvent used for mixing with MMC. Depending on composition, the samples were applied either with a spatula or by using a plastic glove on the rough side of the PMMA plate and by pressing and smearing the sample onto the plate. For powders, over-abundance sample was smeared on the plates and the plates were then shaken vertically to remove all sample not stuck to the plate. Each formulation was measured in triplicates. UV Absorbance, A, was obtained by taking the natural logarithm of the inverse of the transmittance, T in %, obtained using the UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometer described above, according to A = Ln [100/T). The absorbance is in the descriptions and in the figures given in absorbance units.

INF sorption were used to measure the specific (BET) surface area and the total pore volume. For the measurements were a TriStar II Plus, 3030 (serial no. 449 & 450) equipment used, measuring adsorption isotherms of 30 points. Samples were prepared at 105 °C (in some cases lower, depending on chemical UV filter) for at least 12h or until the pressure was less than 20 mTorr, using a FlowPrep 060/VacPrep 061. The surface area was determined by using the BET equation in the relative pressure interval 0.05-0.3. The total pore volume was determined at a relative pressure of 0.97 at the adsorption branch of the isotherm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer (Bruker, AXS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) with Ni-filtered Cu- Ka radiation (l =1.54 A), generating XRD patterns through elastic X-ray scattering. Diffraction angles of 5-80 deg (2Q) were analyzed in steps of 0.02 deg with 0.2 s per step while rotating the sample. The samples were prepared by placing the dry sample onto silicon -aluminum sample holders. Liquid pure UV filters were not characterized due to their known amorphous character. High performance liquid chromatography with UV spectroscopy (HPLC-UV) was used to analyze the chemical stability of the UV filters. The same gradient was used for all oil soluble UV filters. For the water-soluble filter (ensulizole) another gradient was used. Table 5 shows details of the used equipment for the HPLC-UV analysis. Table 6 shows the detection wavelength for the different studied UV filters.

Table 5 Details of HPLC-UV equipment

Table 6 Detection wavelength in HPLC-UV analysis for different UV filters

Examples

Example 1: Homosalate a) 10 wt% Homosalate mixed with MMC

Homosalate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 1.99 g of MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 mhi, D _x (90)=10.8 mhi, specific surface area -522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container and poured into a mortar. 0.23 g of Homosalate (95% purity, Combi-Blocks, lot A49831) was weighed into the container. Pure Homosalate was added to the MMC drop by drop with simultaneous stirring with the pestle. When all the homosalate had been added to the MMC powder, it was stirred for a while with a pestle to make a homogeneous mixture.

The -10% (w/w) homosalate composition was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained composition was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

A 10 wt% Homosalate mixed with MMC and a 10 wt% Homosalate solution in Tricaprylyl carbonate reference were applied at half application amount 16.25±0.15 mg on the HE6 plates to achieve 5 wt% of both reference and composition for UV- VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 2a where the solid curve represents pure homosalate and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising 10 wt% homosalate mixed with MMC. b) 30 wt% Homosalate mixed with MMC

Homosalate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 14.00 g of MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was weighed into the plastic container and poured into a mortar. 6.00 g of Homosalate (95% purity, Combi-Blocks, lot A49831) was weighed into the container. Homosalate was added to the MMC drop by drop with simultaneous stirring with the pestle. When all the Homosalate had been added to the MMC powder, it was stirred for a while with a pestle to make a homogeneous mixture.

The -10% (w/w) Homosalate composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above . The obtained composition was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor. 30 wt% Homosalate composition was applied at full application amount 32.5±0.4 mg on the HE6 plates and 30 wt% pure Homosalate reference, corresponding to 10.2±0.5 mΐ or 9,75 mg was applied on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements. Further references for for UV-VIS measurements were:

70 wt% pure MMC reference: 22.75±0.4 mg MMC; 30 wt% Homosalate Magnesium stearate reference: 9.75±0.15 mg Homosalate blended with 22.75±0.4 mg magnesium stearate; 30 wt% Homosalate Hydromagnesite reference: 9,75±0.4 mg Homosalate blended with 22.75±0.05 mg Hydromagnesite.

The chemical stability of the homosalate composition was tested after storage at 25°C and 60% RH, and 40°C and 75% RH for 6 months, using HPLC-UV as described above. No chemical degradation were noted for the homosalate in the composition.

Absorbance curves for the composition with homosalate and MMC, homosalate and hydromagnesite, and homosalate and magnesium stearate, as well as pure MMC were measured as described above.

The results can be seen in Figure 2b where the solid curve represents pure homosalate; (····) represents pure MMC; ( - ) represents the mixture comprising homosalate and MMC; ( — ) represents the mixture comprising homosalate and magnesium stearate; and (- - -) represents the mixture comprising homosalate and hydromagnesite. c) 30 wt% Homosalate mixed with MMC

Homosalate was mixed with MMC using the solvent evaporation method described above. In short, 1.96 g of homosalate (95% purity, Combi-Blocks) was weighed into a 500 ml round bottom flask to which 150 ml ethanol was added. The solution was stirred for 30 s using a magnetic stirrer, during this time the homosalate was dissolved. 2.03 g of MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002- 1701-04, particle size D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area -593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was added to the solution. The round bottom flask was mounted to a Biichi Rotavapor R-200, Biichi Interface 1-200 Pro and Biichi Heating Bath B-205 and evaporation of the solvent was performed at 60 °C and at 200 mBar with 60 rpm rotation speed for 60 min. The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

30 wt% homosalate composition and 30 wt% pure homosalate reference were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.5 mg and 9.75±0.05 mg respectively on the HE6 plates to achieve 30 wt% of homosalate in both reference and composition for UV-VIS measurements.

The results can be seen Figure 2 c, where the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure homosalate; (---) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% homosalate mixed with MMC. d) 49 wt% Homosalate mixed with MMC

Homosalate (Combi-Blocks, A49831) was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, a plastic weighing boat was weighed, and the weight was noted. 2.03g of MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area -593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was weighed into the same plastic weighing boat and the weight was noted. The Homosalate containing bottle was weighed together with the pipette and the weight was noted. Homosalate was added one drop at a time to MMC by using a pipette and mixed with a micro spatula until an agglomerated powder was formed. The beaker with oil and bottle was weighed and the weight noted after every new drop. When the agglomerated powder was formed, the homosalate bottle and pipette was weighed and the weight noted. The final weight of the product was 3.99 g, resulting in a composition with 49 wt% homosalate.

The obtained material was an agglomerated x-ray amorphous agglomerated powder of white colour and without odour.

Example 2. Ensulizole mixed with MMC

In brief, 0.40 g of ensulizole (Alfa Aesar, 10414225) was added into 5 ml of water. 0.058 g NaOH (1: 1 molar percent of NaOH, ) was directly added into the ensulizole + water mixture. The ensulizole was immediately soluble. 250 ml EtOH was added into the round bottom flask containing the mixture and 4.60 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g). Solvent evaporation was performed, using a Biichi - Rotavapor R-200 at 60 rpm and 200- 500 mbar, for 30 min until the powder was dry. The powder was left in an oven for ~16h (overnight) at 75°C.

The formed composition was a loose porous x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odour.

A 8 wt% ensulizole composition and 8 wt% ensulizole water, NaOH solution (1: 1 molar percent of ensulizole: NaOH) were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.3 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The results can be seen in Figure 3, where the solid curve represents 8 wt% pure ensulizole; (---) represents a composition comprising 8 wt% ensulizole mixed with MMC.

Example 3: Octisalate a. 5 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC

Octisalate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 2.00 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area -522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 0.11 g octisalate (95%, Chemtronice, FGMOl-STNF) was weighed in a plastic container. The octisalate was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -5% (w/w) octisalate composition was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained composition was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

A 5 wt% octisalate composition and reference were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.2 mg on the HE6 plates to achieve 5 wt% of both reference and composition for UV-VIS measurements. The UV absorbance curve can be seen Figure 4a where the solid curve represents 5 wt% pure octisalate and the dashed curve represents a composition of 5 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC. b. 30 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC

Octisalate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above.

In short, 14.00 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 6.01 g octisalate (95%, Chemtronice, FGMOl-STNF) was weighed in a plastic container. The octisalate was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -30% (w/w) octisalate composition was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

The chemical stability of the octisalate composition was tested after storage at 25 °C and 60% RH, and 40 °C and 75% RH for 6 months, using HPLC-UV as described above. Chemical degradation of <2% were noted for the homosalate in the composition.

30 wt% octisalate composition was applied full application amount 32.5±0.4 mg and a 30 wt% pure octisalate reference was applied at 9.75±0.15 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements. An additional 30 wt% octisalate Magnesium stearate reference with 9.75±0.4 mg octisalate blended with 22.75±0.35 mg magnesium stearate was applied on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

Absorbance curves for the composition with octisalate and MMC, and octisalate and hydromagnesite was measured as described above. The results can be seen in Figure 4b where the solid curve represents pure octisalate; ( — ) represents a mixture comprising octisalate and magnesium stearate; and (---) represents a mixture comprising octisalate and MMC. c. 30 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC

Octisalate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above.

In short, 1.20 g of octisalate (>98%, S0387-25ML, Chemtronica) was weighed into a 500 ml round bottom flask to which 150 ml ethanol was added. The solution was stirred for 30 s using a magnetic stirrer, during this time the octisalate was dissolved. 5.0 ml NaOH (1M) was added to the dissolved ingredient and last 2.80 g of MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, particle size D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area -593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was added to the solution. The round bottom flask was mounted to a Biichi Rotavapor R-200, Biichi Interface 1-200 Pro and Biichi Heating Bath B-205 and evaporation of the solvent was performed at 60 °C and at 200 mBar with 60 rpm rotation speed for 60 min.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

30 wt% octisalate composition and 30 wt% pure octisalate reference were applied at full application amount 32.5±1.7 mg and 9.75±0.05 mg respectively on the HE6 plates to achieve 30 wt% of octisalate in both reference and composition for UV-VIS measurements.

The results can be seen Figure 4c, where the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure octisalate; (---) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% octisalate mixed with MMC

Example 4: Octinoxate a. 10 wt% octinoxate mixed with MMC

Octinoxate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 2.00 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 0.23 g octinoxate (TCI chemicals/ Chemtronice, WTS7G-BR) was weighed in a plastic container. The octinoxate was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -10% (w/w) octinoxate composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

A 10 wt% octinoxate composition and 10 wt% octinoxate solution in Tricaprylyl carbonate were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.2 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 5a where the solid curve represents pure octinoxate and the dashed curve represent a composition comprising 10 wt% octinoxate mixed with MMC. b. 30 wt% octinoxate mixed with MMC

Octinoxate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 14.00 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 6.00 g octinoxate (TCI chemicals/ Chemtronica, WTS7G-BR) was weighed in a plastic container. The octinoxate was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -30% (w/w) octinoxate composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles. Octinoxate at 30 wt% was also mixed with MMC using the solvent evaporation technique described above. The results were similar as for the oil adsorption mixed composition.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white or slightly yellow color and without odor.

The chemical stability of the octinoxate composition was tested after storage at 25 °C and 60% RH, and 40 °C and 75% RH for 6 months, using HPLC-UV as described above. Chemical degradation of 28.7% was observed at 25 °C/60% and of 42.2% at 40 °C. 30 wt% octinoxate composition was applied at full application amount 32.5±0.2 mg and 30 wt% pure octinoxate reference was prepared by applying an application amount of 9.75±0.15 m on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

30 wt% octinoxate Magnesium stearate reference corresponding to 9.75±0.4 mg octinoxate blended with 22.75±0.15 mg magnesium stearate was applied on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

Absorbance curves for the composition with octinoxate and MMC, and octinoxate and magnesium stearate was measured as described above. The results can be seen in Figure 5b where the solid curve represents pure octinoxate; ( — ) represents a mixture comprising octinoxate and magnesium stearate; and (---) represents a mixture comprising octinoxate and MMC. c. 30 wt% octinoxate mixed with MMC

Octinoxate was mixed with MMC using the solvent evaporation method described above. In short, 1.20 g of octinoxate was weighed into a 500 ml round bottom flask to which 150 ml ethanol was added. The solution was stirred for 30 s using a magnetic stirrer, during this time the octinoxate was dissolved. 2.82 g of MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, particle size D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was added to the solution. The round bottom flask was mounted to a Biichi Rotavapor R-200, Biichi Interface 1-200 Pro and Biichi Heating Bath B-205 and evaporation of the solvent was performed at 60 °C and at 200 mBar with 60 rpm rotation speed for 60 min.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

30 wt% octinoxate composition and 30 wt% pure octinoxate reference were applied at full application amount. 32.5±0.3 mg and 9.91±0.16 mg respectively on the HE6 plates to achieve 30 wt% of octinoxate in both reference and composition for UV-VIS measurements. The UV absorbance curves can be seen in Figure 5c, where the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure octinoxate; (---) represents a composition comprising 30 wt% octinoxate and MMC.

Example 5: Padimate-O a. 8 wt% padimate-O mixed with MMC

Padimate-0 was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 5.00 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area -522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ / g) was weighed into a plastic container. 0.44 g padimate-O (98%, TCI chemicals, SJ60C-CM) was weighed in a plastic container. The padimate-O was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -8% (w/w) padimate-o composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white or slightly yellow color and without odor.

An 8 wt% padimate-0 and 8 wt% padimate-0 mixed with MMC Tricaprylyl carbonate solution were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.2 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 6a where the solid curve represents 8 wt% pure padimate-0 and the dashed curve represents a composition of 8 wt% padimate-0 mixed with MMC. b. 30 wt% padimate-O mixed with MMC

Padimate-0 was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 8.40 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ / g) was weighed into a plastic container. 3.61 g padimate-0 (98%, TCI chemicals, SJ60C-CM) was weighed in a plastic container. The padimate-0 was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -30% (w/w) padimate-o composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

Padimate-0 at 30 wt% was also mixed with MMC using the solvent evaporation technique described above. The results were similar as for the oil adsorption mixed composition.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white or slightly yellow color and without odor.

30 wt% padimate-0 composition was applied at full application amount 32.5±0.5 mg and a 30 wt% pure Padimate-0 reference was applied at an application amount of 9.75±0.5 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 6b where the solid curve represents 30 wt% pure padimate-0 and the dashed curve represents a composition of 30 wt% padimate-0 mixed with MMC. The dash-dotted curve represents a composition of 30 wt% padimate-0 mixed with magnesium stearate.

The chemical stability of the padimate-0 composition was tested after storage at 25 °C and 60% RH, and 40 °C and 75% RH for 6 months, using HPLC-UV as described above. Chemical degradation of <4% were noted for padimate-0 in the composition.

Example 6: Avobenzone a. 10 wt% avobenzone mixed with MMC

Avobenzone was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 2.00 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002- 1701-07, particle size D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.83 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 0.22 g avobenzone solution (98%, Chemtronica, QB-0437) was weighed in a plastic container. 0.89 g Tricaprylyl carbonate (BASF, 19311097) was weighed into a beaker. The avobenzone was added to the Tricaprylyl carbonate after which the beaker was concealed, shaked and heated to 60 °C to enhance dissolution. The dissolved avobenzone was added dropwise to the MMC material during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -10% (w/w) avobenzone composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

Avobenzone at 10 wt% was also mixed with MMC using the solvent evaporation technique described above. The results were similar as for the oil adsorption mixed composition.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

10 wt% avobenzone composition was applied at half the application amount. 16.25±0.05 mg and 5 wt% avobenzone in Tricaprylyl carbonate solution was prepared by applying full application amount of 32.5±0.3 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 7a where the solid curve represents 10 wt% pure avobenzone and the dashed curve represents a composition of 10 wt% avobenzone mixed with MMC. b. 8 wt% octocrylene and 2 wt% avobenzone mixed with MMC

Octocrylene and avobenzone were mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 6.30 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g ) was weighed into a plastic container. 0.70 g mixture of octocrylene and avobenzone (Avobenzone, Chemtronica, QB-0437 and Octocrylene, Making Cosmetics, 5466-77-3) was weighed in a plastic container. The avobenzone / octocrylene mixture was added dropwise to the MMC material during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -10% (w/w) avobenzone/ octocrylene composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor. The avobenzone 20 wt% octocrylene 80 wt% solution was diluted to 10 wt% in Tricaprylyl carbonate and the solution was used as reference. The 2 wt% Avobenzone 8 wt% octocrylene composition and 2 wt% avobenzone 8 wt% octocrylene Tricaprylyl carbonate solution were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.2 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 7b where the solid curve represents a mixture of 8 wt% octocrylene and 2 wt% avobenzone Tricaprylyl carbonate solution and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising 8 wt% octocrylene and 2 wt% avobenzone mixed with MMC.

Example 7: 6 wt% amiloxate mixed with MMC

Amiloxate was mixed with MMC using the oil adsorption method described above.

In short, 5 g amiloxate solution (Chemtronica, QV-6681-25g) was added to 20 g Tricaprylyl carbonate (BASF, 19311097) and sonicated for 45 min at 80 °, after which a clear solution was obtained. 3.50 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002- 1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g ) was weighed into a plastic container. 1.50 g amiloxate solution (obtained as described above) was weighed in a plastic container. The dissolved ameliorate was added dropwise to the MMC material during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The ~6% (w/w) amiloxate composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, partial crystallization of amiloxate was observed in the XRD pattern. The composition was of white color and without odor.

6 wt% amiloxate composition and 6 wt% amiloxate Tricaprylyl carbonate solution were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.2 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 8 where the solid curve represents 6 wt% pure amiloxate and the dashed curve represents a composition of 6 wt% pure amiloxate mixed with MMC.

Example 8: 5 wt% meradimate mixed with MMC Meradimate was mixed with MMC using the solvent evaporation method described above. In short, 0.25 g meradimate (98 %, Combi Blocks, batch no A49831) was added to a 500 ml round bottom flask together with 250 ml ethanol. Meradimate was immediately soluble in ethanol. 4.75 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q002- 1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g) was added to the round bottom flask. Solvent evaporation was performed using a Biichi - Rotavapor R-200 at 55-59 °C, 60 rpm and 200-500 mBar. After 45 min the round bottom flask was demounted and left to dry in an oven at 80 °C, for -16-18 h (overnight drying).

The formed composition was a loose porous amorphous powder of slightly yellow color and without odour.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

5 wt% meradimate Tricaprylyl carbonate solution was prepared as reference. Note: The compound was not dissolved at this amount and the suspension was instead used as reference. This may decrease absorbance compared to the fully solubilized compound. The 5 wt% meradimate composition and 5 wt% meradimate Tricaprylyl carbonate suspension were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.3 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 9 where the solid curve represents 5 wt% pure meradimate and the dashed curve represent a composition comprising 5 wt% meradimate mixed with MMC.

Example 9: 6 wt% DHHB

DHHB. In short, 2,00 g DHHB (98% in Tricaprylyl carbonate, Combi Blocks, SJ60C- CM) was added to 8 g Tricaprylyl carbonate (BASF, lot 19311097) and sonicated for -4-5 min, at 35 °C and 37 Hz after which a clear solution was obtained. 3.50 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g ) was weighed into a plastic container. 1.51 g of the DHHB solution weighed in a plastic container. The DHHB solution was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The ~6% (w/w) DHHB composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of yellow color.

6 wt% DHHB composition and 6 wt% DHHB Tricaprylyl carbonate solution were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.4 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 10 where the solid curve represents 6 wt% pure DHHB and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising 6 wt% DHHB mixed with MMC.

Example 10: 5 wt% octyl triazone mixed with MMC

Octyl triazone was mixed with MMC using the oil absorption method described above. In short, 1.00 g octyl triazone (BASF, Lot no: 190347P040) was added to 5.01 g Tricaprylyl carbonate (BASF, lot 19311097 and mixed. 5.00 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 2.16 g of the octyl triazone solution weighed in a plastic container. The octyl triazone solution was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The ~5% (w/w) octyl triazone composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous powder of white color and without odor. Partial crystallization was seen in the X-ray diffractogram.

5 wt% octyl triazone composition and 5 wt% octyl triazone Tricaprylyl carbonate solution were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.1 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 11 where the solid curve represents 5 wt% pure Octyl triazone and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising 5 wt% pure Octyl triazone mixed with MMC. Example 11: 10 wt% polysilicone-15 mixed with MMC

Polysilicone- 15 was mixed with MMC using the oil absorption method described above. In short, 2.70 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-07, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 522 m ² /g, pore volume 0.56 cm ³ /g ) was weighed into a plastic container. 0.31 g polysilicone- 15 (DSM, 001542826) was weighed in a plastic container. The polysilicone- 15 was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -10%

(w/w) poly silicone - 15 composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of white color and without odor.

10 wt% Polysilicone-15 mixed with MMC and 10 wt% polysilicone- 15 in Tricaprylyl carbonate solution were applied at full application amount 32.5±0.2 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 12 where the solid curve represents 10 wt% pure polysilicone- 15 and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising 10 wt% pure polysilicone- 15 mixed with MMC.

Example 12: VC25 UV filter blend mixed with MMC a. 2.5 wt% VC25 UV filter blend

Table 7. Approximate composition of VC25 UV filter blend according to vendor.

2.51 g VC25 UV filter blend (proprietary blend of octocrylene, avobenzone, octisalate, octinoxate and benzophenone-3, with approximate composition according to Table 7, Lambson, Lot: 20190605) was diluted in 7.506 g alkyl lactate. 2.705 g of MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was weighed and added to a mortar. 0.30 g 2.5 wt% VC25 UV filter blend UV filter blend alkyl lactate solution was added into the MMC drop by drop under simultaneous stirring with the pestle. When all the 2.5 wt% VC25 UV filter blend alkyl lactate solution added the MMC powder was stirred for a while with pestle to make a homogeneous mixture. The VC25 UV filter blend composition powder (10 wt% total) was stored in to the brown colour glass bottles.

The formed composition was loose, porous, and amorphous with light yellow colour and without odour.

A 2.5 wt% VC25 UV filter blend mixed with MMC and a 2.5 wt% VC25 UV filter blend solution was applied at full application amount 32.5±0.3 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 13 where the solid curve represents 2.5 wt% pure VC25 UV filter blend and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising 2.5 wt% pure VC25 UV filter blend mixed with MMC. b. 25 wt% VC25 UV filter blend mixed with MMC

VC25 UV filter blend (proprietary blend of octocrylene, avobenzone, octisalate, octinoxate and benzophenone-3, with approximate composition according to Table 7, Lambson, Lot: 20190605) was mixed with MMC using the solvent evaporation method described above. In short, 15.01 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002- 1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 5.00 g VC25 UV filter blend was weighed in a plastic container. The VC25 UV filter blend was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -25% (w/w) VC25 composition UV filter blend powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of yellow color and without odor. The chemical stability of the VC25 UV filter blend composition was tested after stored at 25 °C and 60% RH, and 40 °C and 75% RH for 6 months, using x-ray diffraction as described above. The composition was still amorphous after 6 months storage.

Example 13: 37.5 wt% NA30 UV filters mixed with MMC

Each of the UV filters homosalate, octisalate and octinoxate were separately mixed whereas avobenzone was dissolved in octocrylene and then mixed separately with MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot Q0002-1701-04, D _x (10)=1.2 pm, D _x (50)=4.8 pm, D _x (90)=10.8 pm, specific surface area 593 m ² /g, pore volume 0.63 cm ³ /g).The formed compositions were blended to form the NA30 UV filter blend. Table 8 shows the different chemical filters and the weight fraction of the different compositions in the NA30 UV filter blend. All chemical filters were mixed with MMC according to the oil absorption method described above except for avobenzone and octocrylene. Avobenzone was first solubilized with octocrylene prior to mixing with MMC.

Table 8. Composition ofNA30 UV filter blend. Each UV filter (with exception for avobenzone and octocrylene for which avobenzone was first solubilized in octocrylene and then mixed with MMC) has been separately mixed with MMC and the formed powder compositions were blended.

Each chemical UV filter/ UV filter blend was mixed with MMC using the oil absorption method described above and is in detail described below.

0.796g avobenzone was weighed up and mixed with 3.213 g octocrylene. The suspension was stirred at 500 rpm, 45 °C for at least 4h and stirring for 48h (until Avobenzone was dissolved).

Mixing of MMC with chemical UV filters and blending of powders

To prepare the MMC chemical -UV filter mixture, MMC was separately mixed with each chemical UV filter or UV filter blend accordingly:

1. lg MMC was mixed with 0.95 lg octinoxate and mixed in a mortar. 2. 0.756g MMC was mixed with 0.458g octisalate and mixed in a mortar.

3. 0.718g MMC was mixed with 0.558g homosalate and mixed in a mortar.

4. 0.710 g MMC was mixed with 0.290g avobenzone-octocrylene blend and mixed in a mortar.

These four mixture were mixed accordingly: 0.0745g homosalate-mixed material(l)

+ 0.0660g octinoxate -mixed material (2) + 0.0438g octisalate-mixed material (3) + 0.140 g avobenzone-octocrylene-mixed material (4).

A reference blend containing the pure chemical UV filters in the same weight fractions as in MMC was prepared in the following manner: 0.445g octisalate, 0.893g homosalate, 0.892g octinoxate and 1.116 g avobenzone-octocrylene blend (see solubilization of avobenzone) were blended to achieve the same ratio of chemical UV filters as the chemical UV filters mixed with MMC. This blend was then diluted to 37.5 wt% in Miglyol 812N to achieve the same concentration in the final formulation as the NA30 chemical UV filter blend.

The 37.5 wt% MMC powder blend of and the reference solution of 37.5 wt% pure chemical UV filters in Miglyol 812N were applied at full application amount 32.5 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 14 where the solid curve represents 37.5 wt% of pure NA30 chemical UV filter blend and the dashed curve represent 37.5 wt% of pure NA30 chemical UV filter blend mixed with MMC according to the above-described procedure.

Example 14: US30 UV filter blend a. 32 wt% US30 UV filter blend mixed with MMC

The US30 chemical UV filter blend was prepared by weighing 7.50 g octocrylene (Making cosmetics, 5466-77-3) in a 20 ml glass vial. 1.50 g avobenzone (Chemtronica, QB-0437) was added to the same glass vial after which the vial was closed. The vial was treated in an ultrasonic batch at 40 °C for approximately 1.5 hours until all avobenzone was visually dissolved. Meanwhile, 10.01 g of homosalate (Combi-Blocks, A49832) was mixed with 3.34 g of octisalate (Chemtronica, FGMOl-STNF) in a dark glass container. 8.01 g of the avobenzone / octocrylene mixture was added to the same dark glass container and the blend was mixed thoroughly until homogenous.

The US30 chemical UV filter blend was mixed with MMC using the oil absorption method described above. In short, 17.01 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot PC1901D5, D _x (10)=1.17 pm, D _x (50)=4.78 pm, D _x (90)=10.6 pm, specific surface area -320 m ² /g, pore volume 0.49 cm ³ /g) was weighed into a plastic container. 8.00 g filter blend was added to the MMC dropwise during stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture. The -32% (w/w) filter blend composition powder was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained mixture material was a loose porous, x-ray amorphous powder of yellow color and without odor.

The 32 wt% US30 chemical UV filter blend mixed with MMC was applied at full application amount 32.5±0.1 mg on the HE6 plates. The previously prepared pure US30 chemical UV filter blend was applied at 32 wt% of the at full application amount, corresponding to 10.025±0.03 mg on the HE6 plates.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 15a where the solid curve represents 32 wt% pure US30 chemical UV filter blend and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising the 32 wt% pure US30 chemical UV filter blend mixed with MMC. b. Sunscreen powder prototype with sunscreen composition consisting of MMC mixed with US30 chemical UV filter blend (32 wt% degree of mixing).

In short, a powder prototype formulation was prepared by blending 7.00 g MMC 2US30 UV filter sunscreen composition (32 wt% degree of mixing as described in Example 15 a) with 1.50 g Silica (Making Cosmetics, Lot: 980119R17.) and 1.50 g polymethylsilsesquioxane (SESQ Whitel, Kobo, ML5190226). The ingredients were weighed in large plastic ships and transferred to a 500 ml Ninja blender bottle. The formula was mixed for 1 + 1 minute at low speed, using a Ninja Blender system. In between the 1 -minute mixing, the mixing bottle was turned up-side down, shaken by hand and hit against the table to make sure all ingredients were mixed thoroughly. The powder prototype was applied at full application amount 32.5±0.1 mg on the HE6 plates. The pure chemical UV filter blend reference and composition according to Example 15 a was re-used as comparison. The reference for silica and polymethylsilsesquioxane was prepared by applying an application amount of 9.75±0.05 mg on the HE6 plates.

The UV absorbance curves can be seen in Figure 15b where the solid curve represents 32 wt% pure US30 chemical UV filter blend; the dashed curve represents the composition described in Example 15 a; the dashed- dotted curve represents a prototype of 70 wt% of the composition described in Example 15a and 30 wt% other ingredients; and the dotted curve represents 30 wt% of silica and polymethylsilsesquioxane

Example 15: 10 wt% homosalate in.MMC-Ti0 ₂ -Zn0 nanocomposite material

Homosalate was mixed with MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite material using the oil adsorption method described above. In short, 2.04 g of MMC-TiCU-ZnO nanocomposite (Disruptive Materials, D _x ( 10)= 1.1 pm, D _x (50)=7.8 pm, D _x (90)=67.3 pm, specific surface area -159 m ² /g, pore volume 0.38 cm ³ /g ) was weighed into a plastic container and poured into a mortar. 0.11 g of homosalate (95% purity, Combi-Blocks, lot A49831) was weighed into the container. Homosalate was added to the MMC-Ti0 ₂ -ZnO nanocomposite drop by drop with simultaneous stirring with the pestle. When all the homosalate had been added to the MMC-Ti0 ₂ -ZnO nanocomposite powder, it was stirred for a while with a pestle to make a homogeneous mixture. The -10% (w/w) homosalate composition was stored in brown color glass bottles.

The composition was analyzed as described above. The obtained composition was a loose porous powder of white /light -yellow color and without odor.

10% homosalate mixed with T1O2 ZnO nanocomposite and the reference solution of 10 wt% homosalate Tricaprylyl carbonate solution were applied at half application amount 16.25±0.15 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements. A reference of pure T1O2 ZnO nanocomposite was prepared to 14.63±0.13 mg on the HE6 plates for UV-VIS measurements. This corresponds to 90 wt% of the T1O2 ZnO nanocomposite .

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 16 where the solid curve represents pure homosalate. The dotted curved represents a composition comprising 10 wt% Homosalate mixed with MMC nanocomposite and the dash-dotted curve represents pure MMC nanocomposite.

Example 16: GC10 UV filter blend a. 10 wt% GC10 UV filter blend mixed with MMC

To prepare the GC10 chemical UV filter blend, an amount of 8.57 g avobenzone (AK Scientific, Lot: 70225D) was weighed in a plastic weighing ship. An amount of 21.43 g octisalate (AK Scientific, Lot: AZ48653A) and 15.01 g ethylhexyl methoxycrylene (Kemiintressen/Hallstar, Lot: 5000008715) was weighed into a glass vial. The avobenzone was added to the vial and treated in an ultrasonic bath at 40 °C until all avobenzone was visually dissolved.

The GC10 chemical UV filter blend was mixed with MMC using the oil absorption method described above. In short, 2.453 g of GC10 chemical UV filter blend was weighed in a small glass beaker and added drop by drop to 24.21 g MMC (Disruptive Materials, lot PC1901D5, D _x (10)=1.17 pm, D _x (50)=4.78 pm, D _x (90)=10.6 pm, specific surface area -320 m ² /g, pore volume 0.49 cm ³ /g) in a large marble mortar. The intermediate was moulded for at least 20 min using a pestle and mortar until a free flowing powder was obtained. The powder, which was of slight yellow colour was stored in an amber brown glass jar.

The 10 wt% GC10 chemical UV filter blend mixed with MMC was applied at full application amount 29.95 ± 0.5 mg on the HE6 plates. The previously prepared pure GC10 chemical UV filter blend was diluted to 10 wt% in Tricaprylyl carbonate and applied at full amount 29.95 ± 0.6 mg on the HE6 plates.

The UV absorbance curve can be seen in Figure 17, wherein the solid curve represents 10 wt% GC10 chemical UV filter blend in Tricaprylyl carbonate and the dashed curve represents a composition comprising 10 wt% pure GC10 chemical UV filter blend mixed with MMC. b. Sunscreen powder prototype with sunscreen composition consisting of MMC mixed with GC10 chemical UV filter blend (10 wt% degree of mixing). A prototype powder formulation was prepared by blending 20.057 g MMC GC10 UV filter sunscreen composition (10 wt% degree of mixing as described in Example 16 a) with 4.283 g Silica (Making Cosmetics, Lot: N0011) and 4.283 g polymethylsilsesquioxane (SESQ Whitel, Kobo, ML5190226). The ingredients were weighed in large plastic ships and transferred to a 500 ml Ninja blender bottle. The formula was mixed for 3 + 1 minute at low speed, using a Ninja Blender system.

The prototype powder, amounting to about 28.5 g, was stored in an amber brown glass jar. A sunscreen powder under the name Sunforgettable® Total protection™ Brush-on shield SPF 50 (solid line), available from Colorescience was measured for comparison. The 10 wt% GC10 chemical UV filter blend mixed with MMC was applied at full application amount 29.95 ±0.8 mg on the HE6 plates. The powder prototype was also applied at full amount 29.95 ±0.7 mg on the HE6 plates.

Figure 18 illustrates a comparison of the UV absorbance of the sunscreen prototype powder containing MMC mixed with 10 wt% GC10 chemical UV filter blend (dashed line) and a commercial sunscreen powder under the name Sunforgettable® Total protection™ Brush-on shield SPF 50 (solid line), available from Colorescience..