PENCICLOVIR, DOCOSANOL AND HYDROCORTISONE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to synergistic pharmaceutical composition of Acyclovir or Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone for the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and inflammation associated with same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Acyclovir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue active against herpes viruses. Chemically Acyclovir is 2-amino-l, 9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl] -6H-purin-6-one and its molecular weight is of 225.20. Its empirical formula is C8H11N5O3. Acyclovir is represented by compound of structural formula I

Formula I

Acyclovir is white or almost white crystalline powder. The maximum solubility of acyclovir in water at 37°C is 2.5 mg/mL. The pKa's of acyclovir are 2.27 and 9.25. Penciclovir is a nucleoside analog HSV DNA polymerase inhibitor. Chemically, Penciclovir is known as 9-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl) butyl] guanine and its molecular weight is of 253.26. Its empirical formula is C10H15N5O3. Penciclovir is represented by compound of structural formula II

Formula II

Penciclovir is a white to pale yellow solid. At 20°C it has a solubility of 0.2 mg/mL in methanol, 1.3 mg/mL in propylene glycol, and 1.7 mg/mL in water. In aqueous buffer (pH 2) the solubility is 10.0 mg/ml. Its partition coefficient in n-octanol/water at pH 7.5 is

0.024.

Docosanol is saturated fatty alcohol. Chemically it is known as behenyl alcohol and its molecular weight is of 326.61. Its empirical formula is CnLLwO. Docosanol is represented by compound of structural formula III

Formula III

Docosanol is colorless waxy solid and is slightly soluble in ether; very soluble in ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether; soluble in chloroform and insoluble in water.

Hydrocortisone is anti-inflammatory corticosteroid. Chemically Hydrocortisone is pregn- 4-ene-3, 20-dione, 11, 17, 21-trihydroxy-(l l(beta)) - and its molecular weight is of 362.46. Its empirical formula is C21H30O5. Hydrocortisone is represented by compound of structural formula IV

Formula IV Hydrocortisone is white to practically white, odorless crystalline powder and is very slightly soluble in water and in ether, sparingly soluble in acetone and alcohol, slightly soluble in chloroform.

Acyclovir and Hydrocortisone cream is available in the strength of 5%; 1%. The product is indicated for the early treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) to reduce the likelihood of ulcerative cold sores and to shorten the lesion healing time in adults and children.

Penciclovir cream is available in the strength of 1%. The product is indicated for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) in adults and children 12 years of age or older.

Docosanol cream is available in the strength of 10%. The product is indicated for treating cold sores/fever blisters on the face or lips.

The herpes simplex virus is categorized into 2 types herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). As per WHO, an estimated 3.7 billion people under age 50 (67%) have HSV-1 infection globally and an estimated 417 million people aged 15-49 (11%) worldwide have HSV-2 infection.

The commercially available product and product known in the prior art for Acyclovir or Penciclovir alone, Docosanol alone and Hydrocortisone alone does not provide potent antiviral activity as well as anti-inflammatory activity; therefore are not efficacious and does not provide patient compliance in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and inflammation associated with same. Thus, there is an unmet need in the art to provide composition which will be more potent, efficacious and provide better patient compliance in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation by providing more patient compliance.

Accordingly, applicant of the present invention invented synergistic pharmaceutical composition of acyclovir or penciclovir, docosanol and hydrocortisone which is more potent, efficacious and provides better patient compliance in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a synergistic pharmaceutical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir; Docosanol and Hydrocortisone.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a synergistic pharmaceutical topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone.

It is further object of the present invention to provide a synergistic pharmaceutical topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone which is more potent in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and inflammation associated with same.

It is further object of the present invention to provide a synergistic pharmaceutical topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone which is efficacious and provide better patient compliance in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and inflammation associated with same. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a synergistic pharmaceutical topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone which provide minimum side effects in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and inflammation associated with same.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a synergistic pharmaceutical topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone when monotherapy of either Penciclovir or Docosanol or combination of Acyclovir and Hydrocortisone is inadequate in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and inflammation associated with same.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic pharmaceutical combination comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic pharmaceutical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic pharmaceutical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone along with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic topical pharmaceutical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone may be in the form of cream, ointment, gel, paste, solution and lotion.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone along with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide process of preparing topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone along with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic pharmaceutical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone for the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to synergistic pharmaceutical combination a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir; Docosanol and Hydrocortisone for the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation.

The, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone of the present invention may be present in the form of free base or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Herpes simplex virus infection of the present invention can be categorized into 2 types herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).

HSV-1 is mainly transmitted by oral -to-oral contact to cause oral herpes (which can include symptoms known as "cold sores"), but can also cause genital herpes. HSV-2 is a sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are lifelong infections. Acyclovir or Penciclovir of present invention act as antiviral which inhibit the replication of viral DNA. Docosanol of the present invention act as antiviral which act by inhibiting fusion between the human cell plasma membrane and the herpes simplex virus (HSV) envelope, thereby preventing viral entry into cells and subsequent viral replication.

Hydrocortisone of the present invention act as anti-inflammatory agent which suppresses the inflammation associated with viral infection.

A guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir alone, Docosanol alone and Hydrocortisone alone does not provide potent antiviral activity as well as antiinflammatory activity; therefore are not efficacious and does not provide patient compliance in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and inflammation associated with same.

Synergistic pharmaceutical combination of a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir;, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone; wherein Acyclovir/ Penciclovir, Docosanol are antiviral and Hydrocortisone is anti-inflammatory provides potent antiviral activity, efficacy and patient compliance in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation.

The concentrations of Acyclovir or Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone are optimized; so that it will effectively treat Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation with minimum adverse effect and with more patient compliance.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic pharmaceutical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir;, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone for the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation. The synergistic pharmaceutical composition can be prepared using routine skills and techniques known in the art.

The pharmaceutical composition according to present invention comprises a pharmaceutically effective amount of Acyclovir or Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone.

In a preferred embodiment the synergistic pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises Acyclovir or Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone. The concentration of Acyclovir is at least 1%; preferably ranges from 2 to 10%; more preferably the concentration ranges from 3 to 8% by weight of composition. The concentration of Penciclovir is at least 0.2%; preferably ranges from 0.3 to 8%; more preferably the concentration ranges from 0.5 to 5% by weight of composition. The concentration of Docosanol is at least 2%; preferably the concentration ranges from 3 to 20%; more preferably the concentration ranges from 5 to 15% by weight of composition. The concentration of Hydrocortisone is at least 0.05%; preferably the concentration ranges from 0.05 to 10%; more preferably the concentration ranges from 0.5 to 5% by weight of composition. The synergistic pharmaceutical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir; Docosanol and Hydrocortisone according to the present invention preferably is in the form of topical composition or dosage form.

The synergistic topical composition of comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir; Docosanol and Hydrocortisone according to the present invention is in the form of cream, ointment, gel, paste, solution and lotion.

The synergistic topical composition of Acyclovir or Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone may contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The synergistic topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir; Docosanol and Hydrocortisone may contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient selected from the group consisting of bases, thickening agent, solubilizing or emulsifying agent, preservative, antioxidant, humectant, permeation enhancer, chelating agent, acidifying or alkalizing or buffering agent and vehicle.

The example of bases includes but not limited to Carnauba wax, Cetyl alcohol, Cetyl ester wax, Emulsifying wax, Hydrous lanolin, Lanolin, Lanolin alcohols, Microcrystalline wax, Paraffin, Petrolatum, Polyethylene glycol, Stearic acid, Stearyl alcohol, White wax and Yellow wax. The amount of base present in the composition ranges from about 0.05 to 60%; preferably about 5 to 50 %.

The examples of thickening agent include but not limited to Carbomer, Methyl cellulose, Sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose, Carrageenan, Colloidal silicon dioxide, Guar gum, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, Gelatin, Polyethylene oxide, Alginic acid, Sodium alginate and Fumed silica. The amount of thickening agent present in the composition may ranges from about 0.01-45%.

The examples of solubilizing or emulsifying agent includes but not limited to Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 80, Polysorbate 60, Poloxamer, Emulsifying wax, Sorbitan monostearate, Sorbitan monooleate, Sodium lauryl sulfate, Propylene glycol monostearate, Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and Docusate sodium. The amount of solubilizing or emulsifying agent present in the composition ranges from about 0.01-30%; preferably 0.5 to 20%

The example of preservative includes but not limited to Methyl hydroxy benzoate, Chorocresol, Benzoic acid and Phenyl mercuric nitrate. The amount of preservative present in the composition may ranges from about 0.001-6%.

The example of antioxidant includes but not limited to Butylated hydroxyanisole, Butylated hydroxytoluene. The amount of antioxidant present in the composition may ranges from about 0.005-10%). The example of humectant includes but not limited to Glycerin, Propylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol, Sorbitol solution and 1,2,6 Hexanetriol. The amount of humectant present in the composition ranges from about 0.1-30%; preferably may ranges from 0.5 to 22%.

The example of Permeation enhancer includes but not limited to Propylene glycol, Ethanol, Isopropyl Alcohol, Oleic acid and Polyethylene glycol. The amount of Permeation enhancer present in the composition ranges from about 2 to 40 %; preferably 5 to 30%.

The example of chelating agent includes but not limited to Ethylene diamine tetraacetate and like. The amount of chelating agent present in the composition may range from about 0.01-10%. The example of acidifying or alkalizing or buffering agent includes but not limited to Citric acid, Phosphoric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Monobasic sodium Phosphate and Trolamine. The amount of acidifying or alkalizing or buffering agent present in the composition ranges from about 0.01-10%. The example of vehicle includes but not limited to Purified water, Hexylene glycol, Propylene glycol, Oleyl alcohol, Propylene carbonate and Mineral oil. The amount of vehicle present in the composition ranges from about 1-60%; preferably about 5 to 50%.

In another aspect of present invention is to provide process of preparing synergistic topical composition of Acyclovir or Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation. The process of manufacturing topical composition according to present invention may be manufactured by trituration method, fusion method, chemical reaction method or emulsification method. The manufacturing process involves admixing Acyclovir or Penciclovir, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone; optionally along with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to form cream, ointment, gel, paste, solution and lotion. The topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir;, Docosanol and Hydrocortisone according to present invention provides synergism of antiviral agent and anti-inflammatory agent results in potent antiviral activity, efficacy, patient compliance in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection and associated inflammation with minimum side effects.

The synergistic topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir; Docosanol and Hydrocortisone of the present invention packaged in to the tubes, jars, or single dose packets. The container material or packaging material of the present invention does not affect the quality of the preparation or does not allow diffusion of any kind into or across the material of the container into the preparation.

The synergistic topical composition comprising a guanosine analogue selected from Acyclovir and Penciclovir; Docosanol and Hydrocortisone of the present invention were labeled according to the requirement under Good Manufacturing Practice.

EXAMPLES:

The following Examples are provided solely for illustrative purposes and are not meant to limit the invention in any way.

Example 1 :

Sr. No. I n»rccliciils ( m ^« /gm )

1. Acyclovir 50.0 5

2. Hydrocortisone 10.0 1

3. Docosanol 100.0 10

4. Olive oil 160.0 16

5. Cetyl alcohol 65.0 6.5 6. Poloxamer 188 10.0 1

7. Propylene glycol 160.0 16

8. Sodium lauryl sulfate 7.5 0.75

9. Isopropyl myristate 136.0 13.6

10. Citric acid 1.5 0. 15

1 1. Sodium hydroxide QS QS

12. Purified water 300 30

Manufacturing Process:

1. Oil phase was prepared by dissolving Cetyl alcohol, Isopropyl myristate and Olive oil at 65-70 °C with continuous stirring to form uniform liquid.

2. Aqueous phase was prepared separately by dissolving Poloxamer 188 and Citric acid in water, mixed using stirrer and heated at 65-70 °C.

3. Drug phase was prepared separately by dissolving Acyclovir, Hydrocortisone and Docosanol in a Propylene glycol under continuous stirring at room temperature.

4. Oil phase of step 1 was added to aqueous phase of step 2, under continuous stirring at 65-70 °C.

5. Drug phase of step 3 was added to mixture of oil and aqueous phase under continuous stirring.

6. Sodium lauryl sulfate was added to above mixture under stirring.

7. Sodium hydroxide was added to achieve desired pH.

8. Mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenous cream.

9. Formed cream was filled in laminated tubes and tubes were sealed.

Example 2:

6. White soft paraffin 1 10.0 1 1.0

7. Poloxamer 188 10.0 1

8. Propylene glycol 150.0 15

9. Sodium lauryl sulfate 7.5 0.75

10. Isopropyl myristate 136.0 13.6

1 1. Citric acid 1.5 0. 15

12. Sodium hydroxide QS QS

13. Purified water 300 30

Manufacturing Process:

1. Oil phase was prepared by dissolving White soft paraffin, Cetyl alcohol, Isopropyl myristate and Olive oil at 65-70 °C with continuous stirring to form uniform liquid.

2. Aqueous phase was prepared separately by dissolving Poloxamer 188 and Citric acid in water, mixed using stirrer and heated at 65-70 °C.

3. Drug phase was prepared separately by dissolving Acyclovir, Hydrocortisone and Docosanol in a Propylene glycol under continuous stirring at room temperature.

4. Oil phase of step 1 was added to aqueous phase of step 2, under continuous stirring at 65-70 °C.

5. Drug phase of step 3 was added to mixture of oil and aqueous phase under continuous stirring.

6. Sodium lauryl sulfate was added to above mixture under stirring.

7. Sodium hydroxide was added to achieve desired pH.

8. Mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenous cream.

9. Formed cream was filled in laminated tubes and tubes were sealed. Example 3: 3. Docosanol 100.0 10

4. Mineral oil 60.0 6

5. Cetyl alcohol 65.0 6.5

6. White soft paraffin 110.0 11.0

7. Poloxamer 188 10.0 1

8. Propylene glycol 150.0 15

9. Sodium lauryl sulfate 7.5 0.75

10. Isopropyl myristate 136.0 13.6

11. Citric acid 1.5 0.15

12. Sodium hydroxide QS QS

13. Purified water 300 30

Manufacturing Process:

1. Oil phase was prepared by dissolving White soft paraffin, Cetyl alcohol, Isopropyl myristate and Mineral oil at 65-70 °C with continuous stirring to form uniform liquid.

2. Aqueous phase was prepared separately by dissolving Poloxamer 188 and Citric acid in water, mixed using stirrer and heated at 65-70 °C.

3. Drug phase was prepared separately by dissolving Acyclovir, Hydrocortisone and Docosanol in a Propylene glycol under continuous stirring at room temperature.

4. Oil phase of step 1 was added to aqueous phase of step 2, under continuous stirring at 65-70 °C.

5. Drug phase of step 3 was added to mixture of oil and aqueous phase under continuous stirring.

6. Sodium lauryl sulfate was added to above mixture under stirring.

7. Sodium hydroxide was added to achieve desired pH.

8. Mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenous cream.

9. Formed cream was filled in laminated tubes and tubes were sealed. Example 4:

Manufacturing Process:

1. Oil phase was prepared by dissolving White soft paraffin, Cetyl alcohol, Isopropyl myristate and Mineral oil at 65-70 °C with continuous stirring to form uniform liquid.

2. Aqueous phase was prepared separately by dissolving Disodium Edetate, Carbopol 980, Poloxamer 188 and Citric acid in water, mixed using stirrer and heated at 65-70 °C.

3. Drug phase was prepared separately by dissolving Acyclovir, Hydrocortisone and Docosanol in a Propylene glycol under continuous stirring at room temperature.

4. Oil phase of step 1 was added to aqueous phase of step 2, under continuous stirring at 65-70 °C.

5. Drug phase of step 3 was added to mixture of oil and aqueous phase under continuous stirring. 6. Sodium lauryl sulfate was added to above mixture under stirring.

7. Sodium hydroxide was added to neutralize the carbomer and to form a gel/cream.

8. Mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenous cream.

9. Formed cream was filled in laminated tubes and tubes were sealed.