"SYNTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE."

The present patent refers to an internal combustion engine which works with various types of fuel, having FOUR STROKES SYNTHESIZED IN TWO, so called SYNTHESIZED CYCLE, bringing thus higher efficiency, higher power, lower weight, lower volume, lower cost of manufacturing, lower cost of maintenance, lower fuel consumption, lower consumption of oil and lower level of pollutants released into the atmosphere of our planet.

Currently, there are two types of internal combustion engines most widely known and used, the "two stroke" and the "four stroke" engines. Mostly working with gasoline fuel based, or diesel, ethanol, methanol, ethanol mixed fuels, natural gases, hydrogen, among others, based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, it can be ensured that any fuel or fuel product may supply the energy needed for the functioning of these engines. In comparing these two types of engines, the two stroke engine is highlighted by its constructive simplicity, smaller size, lower weight, fewer moving parts, lower cost of manufacturing, lower cost of maintenance, low vibration and increased power, as it has a cycle with only two strokes per one crank (crankshaft) turn or shift. Its main disadvantages are: increased fuel consumption, higher consumption of oil and higher levels of pollutants released in the atmosphere for it is necessary to add oil to the fuel for lubricating of the moving parts, because generally this type of engine works with the principle that the lubricating oil is not stored in the crankcase and instead in fact is diluted in the fuel itself. Now, the four-stroke engines pollute way less in comparison for it is not necessary to have any oil added to the fuel for lubrication of the moving parts, such type of engines usually having a lubrication system that pumps the lubricating oil stored in a specific reservoir or in the crankcase, thus consuming less quantity of oil and less fuel than the two stroke engines. Now, its main disadvantages are: higher vibration, higher weight, larger sizes and greater number of moving parts, higher cost of manufacturing, higher maintenance costs and lower power output because of the need for two complete turns of the crank (crankshafts), to complete one cycle of four strokes.

In order to exploit the best features of both types of engines we have developed the present invention, which combines in one single engine, the most constructive simplicity, a smaller size, a lower weight, fewer moving parts, lower cost of manufacturing, lower cost of maintenance, effectively combining the relative increased two stroke engine power with the lubrication system for moving parts of the four stroke engines as well as its valve control system which is driven by mechanical touches of hydraulic or electronic nature. Here stressing that the use of independent electronic control admission and escape valves may void the mechanical valve control by sync belts, normally used in most common four stroke engines, thereby obtaining a higher efficiency and control of the course, opening, closing and timing of the valves according to its rotation and desired performance of the engine. With this, we have an engine which is more efficient and less polluting. The cooling system of the present engine, object of this invention may be that of air or oil or water or any other system or subsystem that would indeed provide for it. As for the fuel supply system, there may be a carburetor, direct fuel injection, electronic fuel injection, either that of single point, indirect multipoint electronic fuel injection, direct electronic multipoint fuel injection, or any other adequate system for it. It is evident that the electronic resources used in the current engines and in its sensors and actuators may also be used to ensure that pollutants generated and released by the SINTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE in the atmosphere are below the required rates for the maintenance and conservation of our planet, thus contributing to an effective action to slow down global warming.

In order to better illustrate the present descriptive report, references are made to the drawings attached, which are presented only for demonstration and do not intend to provide in them the explicating or limiting nature of the real scope of patent protection. The invention may be best understood through the following detailed description, in line with the figures attached, where:

Figure 1 represents the layout of the admission stage of the SINTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE.

Figure 2 represents the diagram of the compression stage of the SINTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE.

Figure 3 represents the scheme of the explosion and expansion stage of the SINTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE. Figure 4 represents the diagram of the exhaustion stage or escape in the SINTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE.

Figure 5 represents the diagram of a SYNTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE WITH FOUR CYLINDERS and its system of clutch-synchronized connection and disconnection of auxiliary cylinders. With reference to these figures, it may be observed that in the stage of admission, the piston (1) is in its initial upward position, position that can occur at any point of his journey inside the cylinder (6) and the exhaustion valve (2) in its initial closed position. Thus, the air or a pressurized fuel-air mixture (3) enters the admission compressor (4) into the pressurization chamber (5), which may not exist if the engine is so designed, is injected and allowed to the inside chamber of the cylinder (6) through the admission valve (7), which is initially opened, driven by independent electronic control of admission valves (8) which are controlled by the central system of micro-processed electronic controls (9). It may be that the admission compressor (4), which is driven by an electric server-engine (10), controlled by the central system of micro-processed electronic controls (9), which processes the information received from sensors of admission pressure (11) and (12), also be driven by a belt or a chain, a gear, the air, some fluid, gas or any other form that lends itself to this purpose.

In the compression stage, the admission valve (7) closes when the independent electronic admission control valve (8) is driven by the micro-processed electronic controls central system (9), in the moment that the admission pressure sensors (11) and (12) detect that the inside pressure of the pressurization chamber (5) is close to the cylinder internal pressure (6), or according to the programming of the micro- processed electronic controls central system (9), and the air or pressurized fuel-air mixture (3) that was injected into the cylinder (6) is compressed by the piston (1) upward until the upper edge reaches the end of the curse or the limiting point.

In the stage of explosion and expansion, the air or the pressurized fuel-air mixture (3), which was injected into the cylinder (6) and compressed by the piston (1) to its topmost point, receives an electric spark (13) from the igniter or spark plug (14) triggered by the ignition system (15), controlled by the electronic controls of the micro-processed central system (9), or by the direct injection of fuel if the engine is designed for this type of operation, occurring thus the explosion. This explosion causes the heated gases (16) to ignite, causing increased pressure inside the cylinder (6). This increase in pressure produces an expansion of heated gases (16), which performs work on the piston (1), driving it in the opposite direction (or downward) to the lowermost point and thus, mechanical energy turns the crank (17) through the work of the connecting rod (18).

In the stage of exhaustion, the admission valve (7) remains closed and the heated gases (16) are aspirated by the vacuum exhaust (19) through the exhaust valve (2), which opens at the moment the piston (1) reaches the lowermost point, and so it is disposed off into the atmosphere through the discharge or escape (21). As the exhaust valve (2) is driven by independent electronic control of valves and the exhaustion (20) which is controlled by the central system of micro-processed electronic controls (9). It may be that the vacuum exhaustion (19), driven by the electric servo motor (22), controlled by the micro-processed electronic controls central system (9), which processes the information received from the sensor vacuum (23), is also driven by a belt, a chain, a gear, the air, some fluid, gas or any other form that lends itself to this purpose. At this point, we observe that the exhaust valve (2) will be closed again by the electronic independent control of the exhaust valve (20), in the point which the admission valve (7) is opened by the electronic control valve for admission (8) controlled by the micro-processed electronic controls central system (9) or following its command, starting as soon as a new stage of admission and again performing a SYNTHESIZED CYCLE.

We must also stress that the SYNTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE can be multivalve or for better performance and where many cylinders are required to be used, mounted in line (H, V, X) in V, in W, Boxer, VR, Radial or otherwise opposing pistons that would

better provide for it. Since, if it is constructed using several cylinders, some of these cylinders, called auxiliary cylinder (25), may or may not be disconnected from the main cylinder (24) during the initial start or in order to save fuel during the normal operation, and reconnected when more power or performance is needed, either manually or automatically through its synchronized servo controlled clutch system for connection and disconnection of auxiliary cylinders (25) and their sensors for timing and coupling (27) both located in the fractional handle tree crank (17a) and (17b), the system can have a servo-controlled synchronized clutch for connection and disconnection of the auxiliary cylinders (25) that are driven by electric servo mechanisms, of mechanical or hydraulic nature (28), either manually or automatically controlled by the micro processed central electronic controls (9) that processes the information received from the timing and coupling sensors (27).

At this point it is very important to note that the SINTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE can work in alternating cycles, or it may initially work in four stroke cycle, and when the engine and its peripherals stabilize, the engine can start to work in Synthesized Cycles thus avoiding, if the engine has an electric start, an unnecessary high drain of electrical current from the battery to feed the starting engine (29) and the electric servo motors (10) and (22), at the same time, during the initial cycle synthesized. This is possible thanks to the use of the system of servo-controlled synchronized clutch connection and disconnection of auxiliary cylinders (25), which can monitor and adjust the angle of coupling of the auxiliary cylinders (25) and the control of electronic valves independent of admission (8) and of the independent electronic exhaust valve command (20), which can switch between types of synchronization, synchronizing the exhaust valves (2) and the admission valves (7) with the fractional tree crank (17a) and (17b) to the cycle of work in use at that moment, both manually or automatically controlled by the micro-processed electronic central system (9). Thus the SINTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE can work with all cylinders in SYNTHESIZED CYCLE or with all cylinders in four-stroke cycle, or work with part of its cylinders in SYNTHESIZED CYCLE and the other part of the cylinders in four stroke cycle. This flexibility allows multiple operating performances of work and construction settings, for example, replacing the

servo-electric motor (10) which turns the compressor on admission (4) by a turbine driven by the exhaustion gases which are removed by vacuum or by the exhaustion (19), or to replace the servo-electric motors (10) and (22) for one single servo-electric motor, among other settings. Finally, the SYNTHESIZED FOUR STROKE ENGINE can be constructed using various auxiliary cylinders and various auxiliary cylinders controlled servo-synchronized connection and disconnection clutch systems (26), simply by splitting a single crank tree / crankshaft (17) into several crank trees or separate crankshafts, which will enable them to provide equal to or greater power than the four-stroke cycle engines of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or more cylinders, using half of its cylinders and half of their horsepower, thereby, reduced size, fewer moving parts, versatility of uses, higher performance, lower fuel consumption, low oil consumption and lower level of released pollutants into the atmosphere of our planet.

We also note that the FOUR STROKE ENGINE here summarized and its peripherals in their construction may employ many types of materials such as alloys of various metals, iron alloys, steel alloys, aluminum alloys, other metals, plain iron, steel, aluminum, nickel, chromium, diamond, copper, bronze, gold, silver, brass, titanium, antimony, magnesium, tin, carbon, wood, glass, mixed fibers, fiber glass and carbon fiber, various polymers (either natural or synthetic), fabrics, resins , ceramics, silicon, germanium, or any other material that lends itself to this purpose, as well as colors, shapes and sizes varied. These materials can be made by injection or be molded, cast, or factored by milling, bending, stamping, or yet be pressed, rolled, cut or any other form that would lend to said purpose.

With reference to setting the pieces together, they can be put together by means of soldering, screws, rivets, pins, bushings, mountings, bandings, rods, hinges, nails, ties, adhesives or any other form that would provide for it.