I)AREA OF TECHNIQUES TO WHICH THIS INVENTION BELONGS

This invention relates to dams, with or without watergates, which are built on the rivers and streams and accumulation lakes, pools, pipes and channels.

2) TECHNICAL PROBLEM

Raising the water level of rivers and streams, especially in spring and autumn, and during the long rains may cause flooding of settlements, crops, roads, railway etc.Demages caused by floods are large and sometimes cause loss of human life.

3) STATE OF THE ART

Until now this problem is mostly solved by creating a dike on the river banks.This, however, is not a good solution, because the river may break or overflow dike.

It is also known patent titled System for preventing overflows, which addresses this problem by turning the surplus water from rivers or streams in accumulation lake.

4) THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

The primary goal of inventuon is prevention of flooding.

The secondary goal is production of electric energy, fish farming, tourism development, provision of technical water, irrigation.

System for Preventing Overflows 2, according to this invention, includes a river or stream that has to turn from their course in accumulation lake or lakes, swimming pool, pipes or channels.

A special advantage of this invention in relation to patent "System for preventing overlows" is that the surplus water from rivers or streams can turn through the dam without the watergates 2,9, 13,19 in accumulation lake 3, or using only one Watergate 4, and, in some cases, accumulation lake is not necessary, because surplus water from the river or stream turns into pools 17,22, pipes 12,128, 140, 149 or channels 1 1 ,29,31,41, especially provided for this purpose.On this way money for the purchase of land for akumulation lake could be saved.

Once the water level dropped to normal level, the water from the pool with the pump placed in the pump station 18 is pumped out in the channel 15 or the tube 25 through which returns to the river or stream.

Excess water that turns into pipes 12, 128,140,149 or channels 1 1 ,29,31,41 , keeps in the pipes or channels, while the water level returns to normal, and then released back into the river or stream. Flags 33 raise when the channel is filled with water so the water from the channel cannot flow out.The same purpose have plates 62.

Water from the channel 29 is connected to pipes 42 and 49 with the sewerage system 37.At the end of pipes is ball valve 45 or irreversible valve 44, whose task is that sewers and unpleasant odors from the system not to leave out.

If the river is navigable for ships and boats, then the whole dam may raise using floats 182, 193 located in separate housings 162,185,194, thus enabling navigation.

If the dam is built across the road, traffic can be freely carried out when the dam is risen.

According to Figure 25 and 70, surplus water from rivers or streams can be drained in the channels or pipes using pumps 380 or tubes 381 located above the normal water level of rivers or streams and thus prevent flooding.

Accumulation lake behind the dam 154 can be used to prevent flooding.

Flood prevention can be done also by increasing the speed of the river so that the bottom of the river or stream 160 is made under the larger angle than normal.

Regulation of the level of the river or stream can be conducted automatically, by raising the Watergate 240,326, 376, which raises the level after the river or stream goes up above a certain level. When water level raise above the desired, water from river or stream entering through the tube 224 in float housing 232 and raises the float 227, which lowers the Watergate 240, and it turns a river or stream in accumulation lake, pool, pipes or channels.

Instead of the river, float housing can be charged from the reservoir 306, and Watergate 326 goes down when the water level reaches a certain level.

Same purpose has Watergate 336, which is automatically lifted when the pressure of water above the dam reaches the certain level. The dam is made in the form of seesaw 339 with springs 341.

5) SHORT DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Fig.l shows the dam without a Watergate.

Fig.2 shows the dam with a Watergate.

Fig.3 shows the accumulation and diversion of water from a river or stream in a pipe or channel.

Fig.4 shows the accumulation and diversion of water from river or stream in the pool.

Fig.5 shows the accumulation and diversion of water from river or stream in the pool with a water pipe which returns water to the watercourse.

Fig.6 shows cross-section of riverbed, channel and road. Fig.7 shows layout of riverbed, channel and road.

Fig.8 shows the removal of water from channel into sewerage system.

Fig.9 shows cross-section of ball valve.

Fig.10 shows a longitudinal section of ball valve.

Fig.1 1 shows cross-section of covering channel with plates.

Fig.12 shows cross-section and layout panel of stuffing box for channels.

Fig.13 shows layout panel for channels.

Fig.14 shows details of fastening plates.

Fig.15 shows section of fastening plates for channels.

Fig.16 shows layout of fastening plates.

Fig.17 and 18 show elements for mounting plates.

Fig.19 shows longitudinal section of the channel with flags.

Fig.20 shows longitudinal section of irreversible valve.

Fig.21 shows cross-section of channel with flags.

Fig.22 shows the channel layout with flags and bars.

Fig.23 shows last panel of the ball valve.

Fig.24 shows the front panel of the ball valve.

Fig.25 shows removal of excess water from the river or stream by using pumps or pipes.

Fig.26 and 27 show details of abuting of ball valve.

Fig.28 shows the accumulation of water from channels into lakes.

Fig.29 shows cross-section of turning and the accumulation of water from the river or stream in a pipe.

Fig.3O shows layout of turning and the accumulation of water from the river or stream in pipes.

Fig.31 shows cross-section of turning and the accumulation of water from the river or stream in pipes located above the level of the river.

Fig.32 shows layout of turning and the accumulation of water from the river or stream in pipes located above the level of the river.

Fig.33 shows cross-section of riverbed and pipes located above the river. Fig.34 shows layout of riverbed and pipes located above the river.

Fig.35 shows accumulation behind the dam on the river.

Fig.36 shows cross-section of increased the slope of the river bottom.

Fig.37 shows layout of increasing the slope of the river bottom.

Fig.38 shows that the dam is built for the passage of ships and boats.

Fig.39 shows a detail of Watergate abut.

Fig.40 shows cross-section of the dam built for the passage of ships and boats.

Fig.41 shows layout of the dam that is built for the passage of ships and boats.

Fig.42 shows a longitudinal section with one float solution.

Fig.43 shows casing float above the water.

Fig.44 shows cross-section solution with one float.

Fig.45 show casing float in water with a ball valve opening for the entry of water.

Fig.46 shows float housing in which the water is pumped in and out.

Fig.47 shows longitudinal section of solution with automatic lifting and lowering the Watergate.

SI.48 prikazuje poprecni presjek rjesenja sa automatskim podizanjem i spustaηjem ustave SI.48 shows cross-section of solution with automatic lifting and lowering the Watergate.

Fig.49 shows cross-section of solution for opening and closing the tube with ball valve and float. Fig.50 shows a solution for opening and closing the tube with ball valve and float. Fig.51 shows cross-section of the river and channel to drain water from the casing float. Fig.52 shows a drawing of small grid Fig.53 shows a drawing of large lattice.

Fig.54 shows longitudinal section of the dam with automatic lowering and raising the Watergate and opening and closing the tube with ball valve and float.

Fig.55 shows cross-section of the dam with automatic lowering and raising the Watergate and opening and closing the tube with ball valve and float.

Fig.56 shows detail of fastening wheels-carrier for cross-carrier.

Fig.57 shows a detail of fastening the cross-carrier for the dam

Sl.58 shows cross-section of dam seesaws for automatic lifting and lowering the Watergate. Fig.59 shows layout of the dam seesaws.

Fig.60 shows detail of fastening stuffing box for movable and immovable part of the dam seesaws.

Fig.61 shows detail of fastening construction of the dam seesaws.

Fig.62 and 63 show the detail of fastening spring for moving part of the dam seesaws

Fig.64 shows cross-section of dam seesaws.

Fig.65 and 66 show detail of binding springs for immobile part of the dam seesaws.

Fig.67 shows cross-section of binding springs for moving part of the dam seesaws.

Fig.68 shows a draft of driving group for raising and lowering of the watergates.

Fig.69 shows layout of driving group for raising and lowering of the watergates.

Fig.70 shows riverbed for transfering water through pipes in the channels.

Fig.71 and 72 show the abuting of ball valve axis with float.

Fig.73 shows a segment for the completion of the road.

Fig.74 shows guides of the segment.

Fig.75 shows cross-section of the cam for the segment.

Fig.76 shows the layout of the segment.

6) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST ONE WAY OF USING THE INVENTION

System for preventing overflows 2 includes river or stream 1 from which surplus water should be diverted in accumulation lake 3 or lakes 1 13,1 14, basin 17,22,tubes 12,128,139,140,149,150, 151 or channels 1 1 ,29,31,41. For this purpose serves dam 2,9, 13,19,125,138,155,401, which is built at an angle considering the river watercourse.The dam may have 4 or not 2,9 Watergate, which regulates the water level in the river. At the end of accumulation lake is located a dam with the watergates, which prevents the water turned from rivers or streams to quickly return to the watercourse.

The pool is equipped with pump 18,23,which task is to pump water back into the watercourse when the water level reduced to normal. Water from the pool flows back through channel 15 or pipes 25.

Along the riverbed and the roads can be built channels 29,31,41. Channels include flags 33 or plates 62.If necessary,on the channels can be set up grids 34,35,36. Channels can be connected with the sewerage system and on the tube can be placed irreversibile valve 44 or ball valve 45.

Excess water from the river may be drained by pumps 380 or pipes 381 in pools 382 and 383 and in the channels 402 or tubes 403, in which water can retain or go to accumulation lakes 1 13 and 1 14.If the water keeps in the channel then the they should be equiped with flags 33 or plates 62.On river, dam in V-shape 401 can be built, which diverts water from the river in the basins 382 and 383, and from there to channels 402 or pipes 403.

Excess water from the river can turn into tubes placed next to the 128 or above 139, 140 river or stream. If the pipes are located next to the river or stream, then the dam in the V-shape is necessary, and if the pipes are above the river or stream, then is required water intake 148.

Floods can be prevented by placing dam 155 on river or stream, as well as by increasing the speed of the river by building a bottom under larger angle 160 than normal bottom 159.

If the river is navigable for ships and boats, then the dam may raise on the floats 182 placed in the casing 162.If over dam is built road 165, traffic can continue unimpeded, when the dam is risen.

For automatic regulation of water levels serve dams shown on the pictures 47,48,54,55,58,59.

Dam 218 includes floats 227 on which is attached jagged rod 228 which is connected with gear 237, which is located on the shaft 213,on which is second gear 238 located, which is through the gear rail 222 connected with the Watergate 24O.The dam includes a "meter" of water level in the river or stream that is connected with a ball valve with float.Ball valve with float is set to tube. Before dam is large 219 and small grid 220, and behind a channel 234. From front and rear side of the dam are set pipes 224 and 241.

Dam 309 includes a reservoir 306 which is connected with a tube 308 with float housing 409.On tubes are ball valve 45 and irreversibile valve 44 located.On the dam is "meter" of water level, which is connected with the ball valve with a float, which is connected with outlet pipe from the float casing.On floats 315 are welded guidebars 317 which are over the cross-carrier 330 connected with the Watergate 326.

Dam seesaw has immovable part 356,345 and movable part 339.Movable part is abuting on the axis 363, which abuts on bearings 353,361 , which are located on the immovable part of the dam. For movable and immovable part of the dam are attached springs 341 by screws.Springs from both sides enter in acceptors.Between wider part of a movable dam and immovable dam are stuffing-boxes 344,349.Narrower part of movable part 342 abuts on wheels 338 which are attached to the Watergate 336, which slides on the slideway 337.Watergate with its bottom abuts on the support 345, which has built in U profile 370.

Flood prevention, according to Figure 1 ,is performed on the way that excess water from the river or stream 1 stroke in dam 2 which turns water in accumulation lake 3.At the end of accumulation lake is located dam 4 with Watergate 5 which prevents the water that quickly return to the river or stream. After the risk of flooding has passed and the water level returns to normal, water from the lake, raising the Watergate 5, may return to the watercourse through the channel 8.On dam built on accumulation lake can be set up equipment to produce electricity.

Flood prevention, according to Figure 2,is performed on the same way as it is shown on the Figure 1 , only on the dam 384 is set Watergate 385, which regulates the water level in the river or stream even when there is no danger of flooding. Watergate 385 lifts up by electric motor 386, through the coupling 387, gears 388 and rack 390 and slides on guides 392.Elektric motor and coupling are located in the housing 393, which is located on dam 384.On housing 393 is located a cover 394 to prevent entry of water, dust and dirt, and which is fastened by screws 391.

Each Watergate in the following images are raised and lowered in this way, except watergates which are lifted up and down using raising or lowering the water level.

According to Figure 3, flood is prevented on the way that the excess water from the river course 10 strikes the dam and 9 and diverts in the tube 12 or channel 1 1.Water is retained in the pipe until the danger of flooding passes, and then through ball valve 45 returns to the water course . If the water turns in the channel 1 1, then the channel must be equiped with flags 33 or plates 62, which prevent water to flow over from channel.According to Figures 19,21 and 22 flags 33 are in vertical position when there is no or little water in the channel. Flags are placed on the axis 69, which is fastened to the U profile 72 by screws 68.On flags is placed stuffing box 71 which prevents the water to flow between the flags and between the flags and carrier, when the channel is full of water.Flags are made of material that is lighter than water is, so water rises flags when the channel is filing with water and they fit one to another shutting completely channel.U profiles are connected with metal rods 67.On dam can be built dam 413.

According to Figures 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 plates for the closure of the channel 62 are placed on the upper part of the channel to prevent water to flow over the channel. Between channel and plates there is stuffing box 57 which has a role to prevent water to comes out of channel. In channel is from both sides built in U profile 56 in full-length.On plates are placed U profiles 55, and below them cotters with taper on one side59 and 60.On the upper side of the U profiles 55 are placed cotters with taper on one side 58.By driving in cotteers with taper on one side 58,59 and 60 plates are fastening to U profile 56.Cotters with taper on one side 59 and 60 have 66 slots on it, which purpose is to extract above mentioned cotters and unblock plates. Stuffing box 57 has at its one end nipple 61, and on the second end holes so that two stuffing boxes can be fastened each to another.On plates 62 are fastened L profiles 63 by screws 65, and plates are fastened each to other over L Profile 63 by screws 64.Plates stand on U profiles 416.

According to Figure 4, dam 13 diverts water from river course 14 in the channel 16, which flow into basin 17. Water remains in the basin while the danger of flooding passes and when the water level in the river or stream reduce to normal, and then with pump which is located in the pump station 18 returns to the watercourse over the channel 15.On dam can be placed Watergate 414.

According to Figure 5, the dam consists of pillars and steel plate 20, which water from the river or stream 21 turns in the channel 24, which leads water into pool 22. Water remains in the pool while the water level in the watercourse is not reduced to normal and then using pumps located in the pump station 23, through tube 25 water returns to watercourse.On mentioned tube is located cover 26 which prevents water from river or stream through it flows to mentioned pool. Spring 27 provides a pressure from cover 26 on the tube.Under water pressure, when the water returns to the watercourse, the cover opens and water comes out of the tube.On the dam can be built Watergate 415.

According to Figure 6 and 7, the excess water from the river or stream 28 overflows in channels 29. Water returns to the watercourse, after the danger of flooding has passed an area that we want to protect, if the downstream area is notimportant to be flooded or not, or continue flowing through channels along the river.The channels, in this case, must be supplied with flags 33, which will prevent water to flow over the channel .Channels 31 can be made along the road 30.If the road is built next to river or stream, then the water from the road goes into channel 29 and channel 30,and if it is not built next to river or stream, then channels on both sides of the road can be built.On that way water will not remain on the road and even during longlasting rains.If the channels are built in a populated area, it is necessary to put the grids 34 on them, and on channel 31 grids 35. Water from channels 31 , over drainage 36, flows to sewerage system.On channels 29 can be built road 424, pavement 427 or grassland. Water from the river overflows in the channels through lattice 425 and 428.

According to Figure 8, water from the river or stream 51 overflows in channels 41.Over the channels 41 is built road 43.Channels 41 are connected with tubes 42 and 49 with sewerage system 37, and on that way water from the river goes through the sewerage system. Water from the road partially falls on the space between the river and the road, and from that space in the channel 41 , through the grid 48. Water from pavement 38 flows on the road, then through grid 40 in channel 50, and from there, through tube 39, flows to the sewerage system.On tube 42 is placed irreversible valve, and on tube 45 ball ventil.Their task is to prevent unpleasant odors and possible content of the sewerage system to go out into the street.

According to Figures 9 ilO, ball valve 45 rotates around axis 91 by electric-motor 46, via coupling 53, gearbox 47 and coupling 92 and it is placed between two tubes 49.Stuffing box 52 sticks to the ball valve 45, preventing the water from the tube 49 to flow out. According to Figure 26, axis 91 abuts on the radial bearing with balls 97, whose outer ring is fixed with circlip 417.On axis 91 is placed stuffing box 93 to prevent entry of water and dust.Cover 100 is with screws 94 fastened to housing of bearing 101.Under the cover 100 is placed stuffing box 95, also to prevent entry of water and dust.ln valve 45 there is a square hole into which enters a square part of axis 91.With screws 96 and nuts 99 are fastened tubes 49 on ball valve 45. Under the bearing 97 is placed stuffing box 98 to prevent lubricating grease to go out from the bearing.

According to Figure 27, square part of axis 104 enters in square part of ball valve 45. Axis 104 abuts on barrel-shaped roller bearing 105. The bearing 105 is located in a bearing housing 102. Stuffing box on axis 104 serves to prevent lubricating grease to go out from bearing. Housing of bearing 102 is with screws 106 fastened to tubes 49 , and cover 418 with screws 108 to housing of the bearing. Under cover is placed stuffing box 107. According to Figure 20, irreversible valve 44 consists of immovable and movable parts. Immovable part consists of two parts 73 and 74.On part 73 is fastened stuffing box 82 on which sticks movable part of irreversible valve in a shape of ball segment 83, which suppresses spring 81, which abuts on plate 77, which is fastened with nut 80.

According to Figures 23 and 24, spring 81 passes through the central hole on a small plate 76. Plate 77 is fastened with screws 79, which enter through holes in plate 89,for immovable part of valve 73. Small plate is fastened with screws 78, which enter through holes in plate 90, for the immovable part of the valve 73. Bars 86 are welded to ball segment 83 and they pass through holes 88 on the small plate and 87 on the big plate. Irreversible valve has holes 84 and 85 that are used for fastening the valve for tube.Spring 81 is made to compress on the certain water pressure that comes through the hole on the immovable part of the valve 73. When that happens the passage for water frees and water flows through the hole in the immovable part 74 and continues through a tube fastened to the part 74 through holes 85.

According to Figure 25, pump 380 pumps out excess water from river or stream in a pool 382. Water from the pool continues to flow in channels 402 or tubes 403. Water and can be kept in the pool, then using the pump return back into the river when the water level normalize.On river or stream can be built a dam in V-shape 401 , which diverts water from the river on the left side and right side, in pools 382, and then the water flows in channels 402 or tubes 403.

According to Figure 25 and 70, tubes 381 are placed in riverbed, above normal water level and below maximal water level. When water level in a river or the creek rises, water enters in tubes 381 , and through them in pools 383. Water continues to flow in channels 402 or tubes 403, and then returns in water course, when the water level lower to normal.

According to Figure 28, water from river or stream that flows over in channels 109 and 1 1 1 , flows in accumulation lakes 1 13 and 1 14.If we would like to have only one accumulation lake, then the water from the channel 1 1 1 can be diverted through tubes 1 12 in accumulation lake 1 14.Arround lake 1 13 is built wall 123 to prevent water to flow away from lake.Lake 1 13 has dam 1 18 and Watergate 120, whose lifting water from the lake, over channel 1 19 returns back into the accumulation lake, when water level lower on normal level.On this lake can be installed equipment for producing electricity.Lake 1 14 is located between hills 1 15 and 1 16.At the end of the lake is located dam 1 18, with Watergate 120, whose lifting enables water from the lake to return in water course, over channel 1 17 .On this lake can be, also, installed equipment for producing electricity.

According to Figures 29 and 30, V-shaped dam 125 is built above river 124. Surplus water from the river strikes in the dam, which diverts water to the left side and right side in pools 126 and 127, and from them water through tubes 128 continue to flow. According to the above mentioned solutions, water is kept in the tubes until the danger of flooding passes, or flows through tubes in accumulation lake or pool, and then returns in watercourse. For large ranges of dam, dam can be supported with support 133.Tubes 128 are located in channels 130, on tube carriers 131, which are fastened with screws 132.On entrance of the tubes are placed networks 129, to prevent entry of waste, which is in the river, into the tubes.In front of the entrance of the tubes can be installed watergate 134, whose lifting opens entrances 146, in which enters water and fills channel.This is useful in the event that the unexpectedly large amount of water flows in river and fills the tubes.Then, to prevent flooding, watergate 134 will be risen and water fills channels 130.On dam 125 can be installed watergate 419.

According to Figures 31 and 32, V-shaped dam is built above the water 135.The dam diverts water to the left side and right side, in pools 136 and 137, from which water flows into tubes 139 and 140, on which is a network 129 placed, which prevents entry of waste in the tubes.Pools are placed on the upper point of riverbed. Tubes are not dug in the ground but are placed near the river, thus saving on digging, placing tubes in the ground and covering with land. If tubes 140 come on an obstacle 141 , then they should get around.If the dam has wide range, it can be built a carrier 142, which will support it.On the dam can be installed watergate 143, to regulate the amount of water that will flow into the tubes.

According to Figures 33 and 34, on the river or creek 147 water intake 148 is built, which directs water into tubes 149,150,151.The tubes are located above the river or creek, which is useful if the coast is not accessible for installation of tubes or if we do not want to place the tubes on the coast. If terrain allows the tubes can be diverted to coast, parallel one to other (tube 149) or one over the other (tube 151 over 150).On the tube is placed network 129, to prevent entry of waste in the tube. If range of dam is great, under it can be built support 152.

According to Figure 35, flooding can be prevented by building a dam 155 on river or creek 153.On the dam is watergate 156 to regulate the flow of water in water course.On this dam can be installed equipment for producing electricity.

According to the Figures 36 and 37, flooding can be prevented by increasing the speed of the river or stream 158, which is useful if a river or a creek flood on short parts of river or creek. Increasing of speed is achieved by building the bottom of the river under a larger angle 160 than normal bottom 159 has.

According to the Figures 38,39,40,41 , for rivers 161 that are navigable for ships and boats, and at the same time have built road over it, dam, built of steel construction, lifts for the passage of vessels, enabling at the same time passage over the dam to vehicles.The dam rises by opening the ball valve 45, which is located on the tube 163 and entry of water through the tube 163 in float housing 162, which raises the float 182, which is welded to carrier 184, to which are fasteneded wheels 178 and 183 with screws 395, which roll in U profiles 396 and 398 and prevent axial moving and moving in the direction of river flow. Ball valve opens using electric motor 168, speed reducer 169, which is connected with the axis of the ball valve.Each float housing 162 has two tubes, one for the entry of water in the float housing 163 and one for exit of water from the float housing 164. On each tube, entrance tube and exit tube, electric-motor, speed reducer and ball valve are installed.When in float housing has water, the dam is risen, and when the water, through exit tube 164 and after opening the ball valve 45, flows out the float housing, the dam lowers.On the each float housing is placed a stuffing box 186, to prevent uncontrolled entry of water and impurities in the float housing. Water gate 166 slides on the guides 167, which are welded to the carrier 399, which is welded to the carrier 184, and on guides 171, which are fastened to a float housing 162. Road 165, which is built on the dam, and which, together with the dam rises and lowers, is strengthened in the transverse direction with lattice work 397.The road 165 is fastened for road 173 with connectors 175, which, when the dam rises and lowers, turns around the axis 400, and axis is fixed for the road 165.The road 173 rolls on the wheels 176, which are rolling on profiles 436.If it is necessary, in the event that the load or range are large, on the road 173 can be added another float, which is placed in float housing 174.On the left and right sides of the dam, next to the coast, are located watergates 170.On entrance in the tubes, to prevent entrance of waste, are large and small grid 189 and 190.

According to Figures 73,74,75,76 dislocating of the road creates a space that is filled with asphalt segments 437, which are placed in boxes 453.Segments are rising with turning cam 438, which turns with pressing wheels 447 on L part 441, which is fastened to cam.The boxes are fastened to wheels 176 over cross rail 435. Wheels abuts on I profiles 436 which are fastened to U profiles 439 with screws 448.As guides for the boxes 453 serve parts 442, through which passes plug 446. The cam additionally abuts on wheels 440.

According to Figures 42 and 44, instead of two float housings 162 and 185, can be set one float housing 194, with a float 193.On the float housing is placed stuffing box 196, fastened with hose clip 198 to carriers 197, which are welded to float 193. Water enters in float housing through tube 195 and thus raises the float, and flows out through tube 195 and thus float lowers.

According to Figure 43, float housing 199 and float are outside water. Water enters through tube 202 which is connected with tubes that go into the upper flow of the river or creek so high to provide sufficient pressure or is ppumped in. Water flows out of the float housing through the tube 201 in watercourse 200. According to Figure 45, float housing 203 is completely in water.Water enters in the float housing with opening ball valve 45, which opens using electric motor 204, coupling 205, speed reducer 206 and coupling 207 between output shaft of the speed reducer and axis of the valve, and is placed on tube 209 which enters in float housing.Elektric motor, coupling, speed reducer and second coupling are placed in the housing 210. Water from the float housing flows out through the exit pipe, and if the float housing is completely in sea or lake water, then water is pumped out.

According to Figure 46, water in the float housing 212 is inserted using pump 216 through tube 217, and pumped out through the tube 215, using pump 214.This is useful if the float housing is placed in the sea or lake water.This housing can be placed in water or out of the water.

According to the Figures 47 and 48, dam 218 has a water gate 240, which is automatically lowered when water level in river or creek raises above level that we do not want to exceed. Water gate is raised and lowered using the float and it does not need electricity for that purpose, which is very useful if the dam is built in place where there is no electricity.In addition, during floods can occur cutting of supplying of electric power, so this is useful because the dam, in that case, also, fulfill its function. Water gate 240 is raised and lowered using floats 227, which rise when the water enters in the float housings 232, through tubes 224, and lower when the water flows out of the float housings 232 through tube 233.When float 227 is lifting, rack 220, which is welded to float, turns gear 237 located on shaft 213.On the same shaft is gear is 238, which is in contact with rack 222, which is welded to the water gate 24O.Raising and lowering floats and turning gear, water gate rises and lowers. When level of water in watercourse raised above desired, water from the river or creek, through tube 226, enters in small float housing 231 , float in the small float housing lifts and closes the ball valve 45 on outgoing tube 233 from the float housing 232. When outgoing tube 233 is closed float housing can be filled with water and float 227 can raise and lower the water gate on already described way. When the water level lowered, water from the small float housing 231 flows out through the tube 226, float in a small float housing lowers and the ball valve 45 on outgoing tube 233 opens.Then water flows out from float housing 232, float 227 lowers, rack 228 rotates gear 237, and this rotates shaft 213, on which is placed gear 238, which is in contact with rack 222, which is welded to the water gate 240 and thus the water gate 240 lifts.Racks 228 slides on guides 243, which are welded for steel construction 245. Vents for manual opening 223, placed on tubes 224, through which water flows into float housing, and vents for manual opening 242, on outgoing tubes 241 , serve for adjusting the height on which water gate will lower.lt is needed to choose a pair of valves 223 and 242 which will be open,for example first valve on tube through water enters in the float housing and first valve on outgoing tube or second valve on tube through water enters in the float housing and second valve on outgoing tube etc. When one pair of valves is opened, all other valves must be closed. When, for example, second valve on tube through water enters in the float housing and second valve on outgoing tube open, then float 227 will lift only on definite height, but not to the end. Water will enter through the second tube and lift float until comes to the second outgoing tube, and then water will flow out through the second outgoing tube outside and on that way float will stay in height of second tube, and water gate 240 will lower but not to the end. It is useful if we want to lower water gate only on definite height and on that way divert only some amount of water from watercourse. Pair of highest valves, when they are open, serve for fully lowering of water gate. Water from float housing 232, after water level in watercourse lowers, flows out in channel 234, and that is shown in Figure 51 and then float 227 lowers and water gate 240 lifts.Shaft 213, with its gears, is placed in housing 239, abuts on bearings 247, which are secured with nuts 248 and on the housing is placed cover 249.Bearings 247 are withsealing plates from both sides, filled with grease. Water gate 235 can be in V-shape, for diverting water on left side and right side in tubes,channels,pools or accumulation lakes and in that case water intake is not needed than plates 250 and 251 which direct water into above mentioned destinations.On one of tubes 224 can be placed ireversible valve 44, which will open when water height in watercourse reaches determined level, that is when pressure above the valve rises.Irreversible valve opens when water pressure reaches predetermined value.Manual valve placed on tube on which is placed irreversible valve must be open to enable water to flow through that tube in float housing 232, lift float 227 and lower water gate. Water gate rises when the level in watercourse lower, irreversible valve closes because there is not enough water pressure above it, one part of water flows out through outgoing tube 241 and the rest of the water flows out through outgoing tube from float housing 233, after opening the ball valve 45, also after lowering the water level in river or creek. Water, after entering in one float housing 232, flows through tube 246 in second float housing according to the law of connected vessels, lifting on that way both floats at the same time.Float 227 has in plan view rectangle shape and on it is fastened 16 wheels which roll on steel bands 252, which are built in float housing.Upstream are placed grid 219 and fine grid 220, and on the entrance in the tubes are placed very fine grids 254.Above tube 246 are placed plates 253, which can be removed in aim of repairing or replacing the tube.Between the plates are gaskets 244.The whole equipment is placed in house 423.The dam is tighted with gasket 420, which rolls on disc 421 when water gate lifts, and unrolls when water gate lowers. When the gasket unrolls, coil spring 422 rolls, which unrolls when the water gate rises.Cover 449 additionally serves for tightening.The whole plant is covered with sheet metal 45O.The gasket is fastened to water gate with screws 451 over L profile 452.This solution can be used not only for rivers and creeks, then also for high tide and low tide.

According to Figures 49 and 50,ball valve 45 opens when float 256, which is placed in float housing 255, lifts, on which is welded rack 257 which is in contact with spur straight-toothed wheel 299, which is placed on shaft 269.The shaft abuts on double-row oblique ball bearing 262 and on radial thrust bearing 270, whose outer ring is fixed with ring 276 and inner ring is fixed with nut 271.On the float housing is hole 259 on which water flows into float housing, through network 258, which prevents entering of waste in the float housing.The float housing fastens on stable bnasis with screws 292. Between float housing 255 and divided housing 261 in which is placed gear 299, is placed tube with flange 260, which is fastened on float housing with screws 286.On housing 261 is fastened tube 266, from upper side, in which is placed upper guide 267 of the rack.On the tube 266 is,from upper side, welded cover 268. Divided housing 261 is fastened with screws 289 on, also divided housing 285 in which is placed a pair of straight bevel gears 272 and 273. The gear 272 is fastened for shaft 269 with screw 459.The spur wheel is fastened for shaft 269 with two nuts 265, and bearing 262 is fixed with nut 263. Between lower and upper part of divided housing 261 is placed stuffing box 264 and the housing is connected with screws 284. Bevel spur gear 273 is placed on shaft 282 and it is fastened with nut 283.On the same shaft is also placed spur straight-toothed wheel 294.Shaft 282 abuts on doublerow ball bearing with inclined surface, 296 and on ball journal bearing _, 281 , whose inner rings are fastened with locked nuts 277 and 412 respectively.On housing 285 are placed covers 274 and 275 with stuffing boxes 410, which are fastened with screws 41 1. Spur straight toothed wheel 294 is on contact with gear 293, which is placed on shaft 280, which abuts on bearing 278 from upper side, which is fastened with nut 277 and from lower side the shaft abuts on bearing 461 and fastened for the axis of the ball valve 45 with screws, over coupling.On the shaft 280, between gear 293 and ball bearing 278 is placed tube 279 on which abuts, with its inner ring, bearing 278. Between the divided housing 285 and the ball valve 45 is placed tube 287 with stuffing boxes 404, which is fastened with screws 405 for the housing, and with screws 288 for the body of the ball valve.The ball valve is installed on tube 290, through which water enters, when the valve is open.Tube 300 is fastened with screws 304 for tube 260 and with screws 302 for tube 266. Between the tubes are placed stuffing boxes 303 and 301.The tube 300 is for the divided housing 261 fastened through screwed holes 291.Water from the float housing 255 flows out through tube 305. All bearings are with sealing plates from both sides and all are filled with grease.

The ball valve with float works on the following way: Water enters through hole 259 on the float housing 255, float rises and with it rises also rack 298 and turns spur straight-toothed wheel 299, which is placed on the shaft 269, on which is placed bevel spur straight-toothed gear 272 powered by bevel spur gear 273 and on that way turns shaft 282, on which is placed spur straight-toothed wheel 294 which turns gear 293, which is placed on the shaft 280 and the shaft is connected with the axis of the ball valve, which turns and either opens or closes the ball valve. When water, through tube 305, flew out from the float housing, float lowers and with turning gears in reverse direction, the ball valve comes in the opposite position.

According to Figures 54,55,56,57 on dam 309 is Watergate 326.In float housing 409 is placed float 315 on which is welded guidebar317 and on it is welded cross carrier 330 on which is welded water gate 326.On each float are fastened 16 wheels 316.The water gate leans on wheels 314, which are fastened on carrier 325.On the dam are two holes 321 and 322, which are with tubes connected with small float housing 255, which is connected with the ball valve 45, which is placed on outgoing tube 320 from the float housing 409. On the outgoing tube 320 are connected outgoing tubes 310,31 1 and

312 from the float housing 409.On the each tube 310,31 1 and 312 is placed valve 313 manually operated and on outgoing tube 320 the same valve 406. Water in the float housing 409 enters from reservoir 306, on which outgoing tube 308 is placed the ball valve 45 with float which is placed in float housing 231 on which are two holes 323 and 324.On outgoing tube 308 from the reservoir 306 is installed irreversible valve 44. Water enters in the reservoir through tube 307. Float housings 409 are connected via tube 328 in which water uniformly enters according to the law of connected vessels. Wheels 316 placed on floats roll on steel bands which are built in the concrete of the float housing, if the dam is built of concrete, and if it is not built of concrete then steel bands are fastened to float housing on some other way, which depends on material of which float housings 409 are made.Instead of flat water gate, can be installed V-shaped water gate 327, which water from watercourse directs on left side and right side, in accumulation lake or lakes, pools, tubes, or channels.

This solution works on the following way:When water level in river or creek rises, water enters in the small float housing 255, through tube 321, rises small float and, as it is described before, opens the ball valve 45 and water from float housings 409 flows out through one of tubes 310, 31 1 ,312 or 320.Through which of mentioned tubes will water flow out, depends on which manual operaed valve

313 on tubes 310,31 1,312 or 406 on tube 320 is open. If the valve on tube 312 is open, water flows out from float housings 409 and the water gate lowers on the height of the tube 312.The same happens if the valves on the tubes 310,31 1 or 320 are open. When one valve, on the one of outgoing tubes, is open, all others must be closed. When water level in river or creek rose, the ball valve behind the reservoir 306 closes because water flows in the housing of the small float 231 through tube 323, the float rises and closes the ball valve and water from the reservoir cannot flow in float housings

409. Irreversible valve 44, which is installed on the tube through which water enters in the reservoir 308, serves that water from float housing does not flow back in the resrvoir.When the water level in river or creek lowers, reverse process occur. Wheels 314, on which water gate lean, serve to carry a part of load during diverting of water, as well as during blowing strong winds.According to Figure 56, wheel carrier 325 is welded to cross carrier of dam 331 and through the cross carrier and the wheel carrier is put plug 333.According to Figure 57, the cross carrier 331 is fastened for the dam with screws built in concrete and with nuts 332, if the dam is made of concrete, and if not then on some other propriate way, depending of which material is the dam made.

According to Figures 58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67 dam seesaw consists of water gate 336 which slide on guides 337, seesaw 339, whose upper sheet 348 welded for longitudal and transversal carriers 342,360 and 371.Seesaw abuts on ball bearings 353, which are placed in housings 379 on axis 363, which passes through I profiles 342 and it is fixed against axial moving with nuts 362.On its ends the axis abuts on bearings 361 , which are placed in housings 378.Right end of the seesaw 339 press up springs 341 , whose one end enters in square tube 431 , which is welded to base 375, which is fastened with screws 374 for carrier 376 on which are welded nuts 373, with which are fastened screws 374.Carrier 376 is welded for I profile 371.Tubes 340 and 346 serves for passing air when seesaw moves up and down.On the water gate is welded wheel carrier 343 with wheels 338 in which enter I profile 342.The dam, with its lower part abuts on support 350.For seesaw tightening serve stuffing boxes 344 and 349.The right part of the seesaw abuts on support 345, on which is fastened stuffing box 344 with screws 369 on U profile 370, which is placed on the support 345.According to Figure 60, one end of stuffing box 349 is fastened for movable part of the dam seesaw, for I profile 355, which is placed with its whole width of the seesaw, and with the other end is fastened for immovable part of the dam, for U profile 356, on which is welded nut 358, in which enters screw 357. According to Figure 61, stuffing box 344 is fastened with screws 359 for I profile 360.1 profile 360 is welded for I profiles 342 and 371, making, on that way, together with I profile 355 and profiles 460, lattice work of the seesaw.Over the stuffing box 344, between bolt head and stuffing box, is placed steel band 377, to avoid devastating of stuffing box.

This solution works on the following way: When level in river or creek is normal, water gate 336 is lowered. Springs 341, which are installed from both sides of the dam, press up movable part of the dam, which is placed upstream from axis 363. Movable part of the dam, which is placed upstream from the axis, has bigger surface than movable part of the dam which is placed downstream from the axis.Whenwater level in river or creek rose, water above two movable parts of the dam, will do bigger pressure on the bigger surface and when the pressure reaches determined level, movable part of the dam, which was, upon the pressure of the springs, risen, will go down, lifting the water gate 336 and compressing the springs.The water gate will then divert water in one or more destinations, accumulation lake or lakes, pool, tubes or channels. When the water level lowers, pressure on the movable part of the dam with bigger surface will go down and the springs will lift that part of the dam and the water gate will lower.The water gate, with its lower part, abuts on support 350 because of balancing of lattice work of seesaw.Stuffing boxes 344 and 349 serve to protect entering of water between movable and immovable part of the dam and on that way hinder normal work of the dam. Stuffing boxes and springs 341 are fastened, with its one end, for the movable part of the dam and with the other end for immovable part of the dam.