This invention relates to container closures of the type having a frangible tamper indicating ban which, when broken, provides a visible indication tha the container has been opened. Related Applications

This application is a continuation-in-par of my copending application Serial No. 401,966, file

September 1, 1989, now U.S. patent No. .

The Problem in the Art Closures having tamper indicating band typically include some type of band retaining mean which engages the underside of a locking bead aroun the neck of the container. When the closure is opene for the first time, the "retainer" exerts a downwar force on the band which causes the band to sever an separate from the upper part of the closure. visible gap is thereupon opened between the band an the upper part of the closure, which shows that th container and/or closure has been at least partiall opened. The retainer is often in the form of up

turned tabs or "fishhooks" around the inside of the band.

In order to assure that the tamper indicat¬ ing band breaks in the initial opening, it is of course critical that the retainer positively engage the locking bead on the container and be arrested by it, rather than sliding upwardly past the bead as the closure is removed. For this reason a relatively stiff and unflexible retainer is desirable. If the retainer is too pliable or flexible, it may collapse or fold down when it comes into engagement with the locking bead and thus not resist upward movement of the band, and thereby permit the closure to be removed without visibly affecting the tamper indicating band. However, molding processes usually require that the retainer be molded in a "down" position, in which the retainer is angled inwardly and downwardly from the top, and if the retainer is too stiff it resists being turned or folded from that initial "as molded" posi- tion, to its upturned, locking bead-engaging, use position.

In some instances, a closure can be applied to a container with the retainer in the down, as molded position; the retainer is automatically turned up or inverted to the use position as the closure is secured in place. In other cases, however, where the retainer is stiffer so as better to resist inadvertent downfolding on opening, a separate post-forming

operation is used to turn it up after the closure has been molded but before the closure is applied to the container. The two needs are at cross purposes: the stiffer the retainer is, the more securely it engages the locking bead when the closure is unscrewed, but the more difficult it is to invert from the down, as made, position to the up, bead engaging, use position. If the retainer is so stiff that it must be turned up by applying point force progressively around its circumference at its inner edge, rate of production is slowed.

Thus there has been a need for a tamper- indicating closure having a retaining means which can be turned from a down, molded position, to an up, use position, at a rate consistent with high production speeds, but which is still stiff enough to insure that the band will break upon opening. Prior Art

Ostrowsky U.S. patent No. 4,478,343 in Figure 10 shows a closure having a tamper indicating band with retaining tabs that are separated by thin webs. Gaps are presented between spaced apart hinged segments to make the hinge more flexible. In that closure the tabs are circumferentially flexible and, when swung through a horizontal center position, the inside dimension of the retainer is reduced by cir¬ cumferential overlap along its inner edge.

Kerr U.S. Patent No. 4,506,795 shows a tamper evident closure having a large number of individual tabs, each upwardly bent to engage the underside of a bead on the container. The tabs are separated from one another.

Hannon No. 4,592,475 shows another closure having circumferentially spaced tabs.

Gregory et al No. 4,613,052 shows a tamper indicating band which is generally cylindrical, connected to the lower end of a tamper indicating band by frangible bridges. The entire band is folded inwardly to a bead-engaging position by a separate post-forming operation, prior to application of the cap to the container. Hayes No. 4,657,153 shows a closure having a plurality of spaced, upturned locking tabs for engag¬ ing beneath the bead of a container. In Figure 7A of that patent, hinges 13 at the base of tabs 10 are separated by intermediate slots 14. Each window is several times longer than the respective hinge.

Begley No. 4,796,770 shows a closure having a retaining means in the form of a plurality of hinged flaps which are separated circumferentially by notches to function independently. In Wright Reissue patent No. 32,879, sepa¬ rately projecting stops are hinged along the lower edge of the tamper indicating band and are. swung upwardly and inwardly to project into and through

relief windows above the band which provide clearance for the stops to be cammed outwardly when the cap is applied. Brief Summary of the Invention If the retainer is in the form of a continu¬ ous, inwardly-angulated unapertured conical hoop below the tamper indicating band, so-called "hoop strength" generally makes it difficult to turn the retainer inside out as is required to invert it from the down, as molded position, to the up, bead-engaging position. In accordance with this invention, the retainer is in the form of a flap or hoop which is essentially continuous around its distal (inner) edge, hinged along its outer edge to the band, and having a series of "relief windows" or deformation ports through it.

(As used herein in reference to the distal edge of the retainer, "essentially continuous" means that the retainer is unbroken or has only a single gap in its distal edge. A break such as a transverse gap in the distal edge makes it easier to press the retainer over the locking bead of a container, in comparison to the retainer of an otherwise similar closure having an unbroken edge. It is however far more difficult to remove a closure having no split or only a single split than a closure with a plurality of splits around its distal edge.)

The relief windows permit the hinged and/o distal edges of the retainer to deform in a

advantageous manner, under the compression which arises during inversion. When the retainer is being folded to its use or up position, it deforms to relieve compression as it crosses center. The defor- mation may be in the plane of the retainer and away from the hinge line at the lower edge of the band; or it may appear as an arc which is perpendicular to the plane of the retainer; or the "mullions" between the windows may buckle adjacent the hinge line in a direction transverse to the plane of the retainer. This retainer structure is preferable to the circum¬ ferential overlapping of the distal edge of a retainer as taught by Ostrowsky patent No. 4,478,343 which has thin webs between foldable tabs. Such thin webs are difficult to form consistently on a production basis.

Surprisingly, the provision of the windows affords a number of unexpected advantages. In comparison to an unapertured retainer, they enable the retainer to be folded up more easily and quickly, prior to the time the closure is secured to the container. The windows more effectively relieve the compression stress as the retainer is turned from the down position, through an intermediate inturned position in which its distal edge is in compression, to its up position. The windows also provide a better balance between the force required to secure the closure on the container and the circumferential shearing force required to provide the indication of

ta pering, by increasing the latter. Preferably the windows have substantial "height" in comparison to the height (transverse dimension) of the retainer; opti¬ mally, they should extend at least 1/3 of the distance from the lower edge of the band (i.e., the hinge edge) to the distal (inner) edge of the retainer.

The retainer of this invention can be rela¬ tively stiff, and indeed is preferably thicker at its inner (distal) edge than at its outer (hinge) edge. If the windows are narrow in relation to the cir¬ cumferential dimension of the hinges between them, then the retainer (as viewed in plan in the use posi¬ tion) assumes a distinctly polygonal shape in which the portions inward of the hinges press more tightly against that container neck than the portions inward of the windows. This improves the "grip" of the retainer on the container and hence improves the band severing action when the closure is turned to open it.

A further advantage is that in use the entire inner edge of the retainer engages or lies ver close to the container neck; preferably there are no significant gaps between the retainer edge and th container wall. This effectively seals the retaine against dirt and infestation which otherwise migh enter from below.

Yet another advantage is that, if th windows are relatively small in area, they do no permit the entrance of an insect into the spac

between the band and the container, above the re¬ tainer. Indeed, the size of the windows as formed can be reduced when the retainer is folded up, because the retainer deforms into the open window area. This makes possible compliance with recommendations against any gap larger than .015" in the closure.

Still further, the relief windows act as drain ports for wash water directed downwardly through wash slots above aηd/or upwardly from a point below the retainer. Wash water so directed can flow over the container threads or lugs to wash them, and then drain through the windows at the bottom of the re¬ tainer. Description of the Drawings The structure which provides these advan¬ tages can best be further described and understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the top part of a container having a closure in accordance with a preferred•form of this invention;

Figure 2 (on a separate sheet from Figure 1) is an enlarged axial cross-section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspec- tive view of the tamper-indicating band and retainer of the closure of Figure 2, showing the retainer in its down, as-formed position;

Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of the closure showing the retainer in its as-formed posi¬ tion;

Figure 5 is a bottom plan view similar to Figure 4 but shows the retainer after it has been folded to its up or use position, for engaging the container locking bead;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective vie similar to Figure 3 but shows the deformation of th retainer after it has been folded to its use position;

Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary perspec tive view similar to Figure 3 but shows a closur having a retainer with more and larger windows, i accordance with a modified form of the invention; Figure 8 is a bottom plan view of th closure of Figure 7, with the retainer in its u position;

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figures 3 an 7 but shows a closure having a retainer with stil larger windows, in accordance with another modifie form of the invention;

Figure 10 is a fragmentary perspective vie of the closure of Figure 9, with the retainer in it up position; Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary verti cal section diagrammatically illustrating a retaine being inverted from the down to the up position; and

-10- Figure 12 is a section similar to Figure 11 but shows the various ways in which the hoop may deform upon inversion. Detailed Description In the drawings a container 10 is shown having a closure 11 applied to its top opening. For purposes of illustration closure 11 is shown as a one-piece plastic molding having an integral top 12 and skirt 14. However, it is contemplated that the principles of the invention are also useful with composite closures in which a metal or composite disk is inserted into an annular plastic shell. As used herein, the term "top" in reference to the closure includes both integral tops and separate tops; the shell or skirt 14 may be integral with or separate from the top.

The container 10 shown for purposes of illustration has closure securing means in the form of external threads 16 around its neck, which engage internal threads 18 on the inside of the closure 11. The invention is useful not only on threaded con¬ tainers but also on containers having interrupted canted lugs or a snap bead.

Around the lower edge 20 of closure skirt 14 there is attached a frangible or severable tamper- indicating band indicated generally by 22. This band 22 is in the form of an annulus and is formed in¬ tegrally with closure skirt 14, to which it is

connected by a series of spaced frangible bridges 25 (see Figure 3). The bridges 25 may be interruptions in a circumferential score line or partial cut 27 around the outside of the closure. The score line 27 severs band 22 from the remainder of the closure except at these bridges. Bridges 25 thus act as th "weak link" along which the tamper-indicating band 22 severs or tears from the upper part of the closure. (In the embodiment shown, the band 22 separate entirely from the rest of the closure when the bridge 25 rupture, and remains on the container thereafter. It is alternatively contemplated that band 22 ma remain attached to the closure by a flexible connecto after the bridges 25 have been broken, so that th band is removed with the closure rather than remainin on the container.)

As best shown in Figures 2 and 3, tamper indicating band 20 includes a band retaining means o retainer 29 preferably in the form of a continuou hoop or flap connected integrally along the lower edg 30 of band 22. (The flap may have a "split," gap, o division as shown at 28 in Figure 4 in its inner o distal edge 32 at one point around its circumference but this is not preferred.) Retainer 29 is molded i a first position in which it is angulated downwardl and inwardly from skirt 14 (see Fig. 3), i.e., awa from top 12. As best shown in Figure 2, the retaine is preferably tapered so that it is thicker at it

inner edge 32 than at its hinge edge 35, to provide greater stiffness.

Retainer 29 is hingedly connected to tamper- indicating band 22 by a series of spaced flexible integral hinges 34, each of which is preferably of sufficient angular extent to act as an arcuate joint when the retainer is folded about hinge edge 35, and thereby provide an over-center hinging action. The hinges 34 are separated or spaced from one another by open relief windows or ports 36, as shown in Figure 3. The windows 36 are preferably rectangular with outer edges which are colinear with the hinges 34 along edge 35. In the preferred embodiment shown, the windows 36 have a substantial height (dimension in the direction toward the distal edge) : they extend at least 1/3 of the distance from the hinge edge to the distal edge, that is, the unapertured portion above the windows is less than 2/3 the height of the flap. However, in any case it is important that windows 36 do not open to distal edge 32, that is, distal edge 32 extends continuous and unbroken across both the windows 36 and the hinges, except possibly for a split as at 28. The windows 36 are open areas, not merely thin areas, preferably beginning at the hinge line 35 and extend- ing toward distal edge 32. The closer the windows 36 extend to edge 32, i.e., the more nearly they sever the retainer, the less the hoop strength. If the windows 36 are too large in a given closure and material, the retainer 29 may be so weak as to slide

past a locking bead 40 and not sever the band at the score line 27. In this embodiment the "mullions" 44 and hinges between the windows are wider, in circumferential extent, than the windows; depending on closure size, they may be substantially wider (e.g., about 1.5-6x) than the windows 36. In this embodiment the circumferential width of the windows 36 is pref¬ erably at least twice their height, depending upon the diameter of the cap 11. As shown in Figure 2, the distal edges of the windows may be angulated downward to facilitate stripping from the mold.

As already indicated, these windows 36 provide a surprising effect when the retainer 29 is inverted from its as-formed position (Fig. 3) to the use position shown in Figures 2 and 6, in which the inner edge 32 is positioned to hold beneath the locking band 40 of container 10. Because the re¬ tainer 29 is formed as a truncated cone with a circu¬ lar distal edge 32, it might be thought that after folding to the use position of Figure 2, it would resume a circular configuration, the two positions being symmetrical about a plane through hinge line 35. However, that does not occur. On the contrary, in use position the retainer takes on a generally polygonal shape, as seen in plan in Figure 5. The polygonal shape is most pronounced in closures with relatively few and small windows.

-14- ore particularly, I have found that the provision of the relief ports 36 permits the retainer to deform and thereby relieve the compression that arises along the distal edge 32 as the retainer is inverted from the down position to the up position. In this embodiment the distal edge 32 deforms in the radial direction, forming arcs or peaks 42 extending outwardly (perpendicularly to the plane of the re¬ tainer) in the regions across the windows (between the hinges) . When the retainer 29 has been folded to the up position of Figure 2, it surprisingly assumes the generally polygonal configuration shown in Figure 5, rather than a circular shape; the portions of the re¬ tainer between the hinges (i.e., across the windows 36) deform radially outwardly and thereby reduce the distance between the band and the retainer distal edge 32, with the hinge areas or mullions 44 between the windows 36 lying closer to the center axis of the closure. This shape enables the retainer 29 better to gri the container sidewall beneath locking band 40, regardless of manufacturing tolerances in the di¬ mensions of the container 10 and the closure 11, and more certainly to shear the bridges 25 and cause the tamper-indicating band to separate. Because the retainer 29 normally conforms relatively tightly to the container around its entire periphery, it acts as a seal against insect infesta¬ tion. The fit can be so close that no opening between

the distal edge 32 of the retainer and the container wall exceeds the maximum recommended limit of .015". The windows 36 themselves are partially closed by the deformation of the retainer 29, and the gap above them may itself be less than .015". Moreover, the distance from the line of contact of retainer distal edge 32 with the container, to the bottom 34 of the closure, may be 1/8" or less, in compliance with federal AFSIS regulations. This avoids possible intake of dirt or contamination into the container when the vacuum is broken.

Apart from relieving hoop strength as the retainer is inverted to the use position, the aper¬ tures also facilitate water washing of the interthrea space between the closure 11 and the container 10. For example, a water wash spray directed downwardl through water slots above it in the closure 11, and/o upwardly toward distal edge 32, can flow between th lugs or interrupted threads to wash them, then drai downwardly into the V-shaped pocket 48 carrying an entrained food particles and flow out through th windows 36.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 1-6 an described above, the windows 36 are relatively few an narrow in relation to the width of the hinge mullion 44 between them. As already noted, that embodimen provides a relatively stiff retainer. For som applications so much stiffness is not needed and th

-16- proportion of window area can be larger. This also reduces the area of the pockets 48 between the re¬ tainer and the band and provides a larger open area for better water washing and drainage. Two embodi- ments having progressively larger windows are shown respectively in Figures 7 and 8, and 9 and 10.

In the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the windows 36 are about equal in width (circumferential dimension) to the hinge mullions 44 between them. In this embodiment, as in the first, the areas above the windows 36 deform outwardly radially toward band 22, as indicated by arrow 45 in Figs. 6 and 12, but the deformation of each is less because there are more windows. In the up position, the retainer still forms a polygon but the peaks 42 are much less pronounced (see Fig. 8) . They can for example be felt as non- uniformities by running a finger around the inner edge of the hoop 29 in the up position.

If the windows 36 are of still greater width and/or height, i.e., wider than the hinges, as in the embodiment of Figures 9 and 10, the retainer 29 still distorts along its inner edge, across the windows, to relieve compression stress, but in a different way. Here the distortion is in a different direction than the transverse distortion shown in Figures 6 and 8, and is in the plane of the original (underformed) band. In this embodiment the deformation is away from the hinge edge 35; as indicated by arrow 55 it is

parallel to mullions 44, rather than radial, an distal edge 32 assumes a "wavy," undulating or up an down configuration (see Figure 10) . In this embodi ment the circumferentially narrow hinges may no longe function as arcuate hinges; they bend along essen tially straight short lines, not arcs. This con figuration is useful for small diameter closures; moreover, the wavy edge may interfit with correspond ing ribs formed on the container finish to insur quicker band breakage upon turning.

The various types of retainer deformatio are further illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. In th down position, the inside diameter of the retainer, measured at its innermost edge, is designated by 50. in the up position (phantom line 52) , it has approxi mately the same inside diameter 50. As the retaine 29 moves through the over-center (horizontal) posi tion, half way between the down and up positions, it inside diameter wants to remain the same, but th retainer must deform for this to be possible thereb placing distal edge 32 in compression. Depending o relative window size and other factors, the dista edge will deform upwardly and inwardly in the plane o retainer 29 as at 54, or perpendicular to its plane as at 42; or the hinge mullions can buckle from th plane, as at 58 in Figure 12. In each case th deformation is transverse to the original (undefor ed arcs of edges 32 and 35. The deformation occurs a

-18- the retainer crosses center but tends to remain after the retainer has reached the up position. In each case the accommodation of compression stress enables the retainer to be inverted from down to up by apply- ing direct axial force simultaneously around the entire distal edge. The retainer need not be turned up by applying spot force progressively around the edge to "roll up" the retainer. This saves substan¬ tial time on a production line.

Having described the invention, what is claimed is: