HEAP CHARLES R (US)
GURUSANKAR RAMAMOORTHY (US)
ALINOVA BIOSCIENCES LTD (GB)
WO2020232545A1 | 2020-11-26 | |||
WO2020041326A1 | 2020-02-27 | |||
WO2014177593A1 | 2014-11-06 | |||
WO2017011210A1 | 2017-01-19 | |||
WO2017181118A1 | 2017-10-19 | |||
WO2017216362A1 | 2017-12-21 | |||
WO2007041167A2 | 2007-04-12 | |||
WO2019046806A1 | 2019-03-07 |
EP2314580A1 | 2011-04-27 | |||
US20190023680A1 | 2019-01-24 | |||
US202063003270P | 2020-03-31 | |||
US20160367498A1 | 2016-12-22 |
CROMBIE: "Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry", JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 5, pages 1263 - 70
J. CHEM. SOC. PERKIN. TRANS !, 1988, pages 1263 - 1270
TET. LETT., vol. 26, 1985, pages 1083 - 1086
CROMBIE ET AL., J. CHEM. SOC. PERKIN. TRANS I, 1988, pages 1263 - 1270
CLAIMS 1. A compound which is any one selected from the group consisting of: 5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (Fig 2f) having the following structure ); 4-(4-hydroxypheneth yl)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]- 2,6-diol (Fig 3f) having the following structure ; d ); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 2. The compound of claim 1, which is 5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)- 1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET) (Fig 2f) having the following structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 3. The compound of claim 1, which is 4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1- ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3f) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 4. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’R,2’R)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene- 2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) trans-CBD-PET) (Fig 2b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 5. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’S,2’S)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene- 2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol) ((+) – cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2c) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 6. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’R,2’S)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene- 2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 7. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’S,2’R)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene- 2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol) ((+) – cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2e) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 8. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’R,2’R)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl- 2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) trans-CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 9. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’S,2’S)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl- 2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((+) cis CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3c) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 10. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’R,2’S)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl- 2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) cis-CBD-PET-OH) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 11. The compound of claim 1, which is (1’S,2’R)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl- 2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((+) cis CBD-PET-OH) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 12. The compound of claim 1, which is an o-isomer of trans-CBD-PET having a structure: , , , , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 13. The compound of claim 1, which is o-isomer of trans-CBD-PET-OH having a structure: , , , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 14. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is present as a substantially pure isomer. 15. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is present as a racemic mixture of isomers. 16. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is a substantially pure p isomer. 17. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 13, which is a substantially pure o isomer. 18. The compound of claim 16 or 17, wherein the isomer is at greater than 95% purity. 19. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is a mixture of both p and o isomers. 20. The compound of claim 19, wherein the two isomers forming the mixture are together present at greater than 95% purity. 21. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 for use in a medicine or as a medicament. 22. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy (in a patient), comprising the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20. 23. A method for treating (a condition which is) seizure or epilepsy (in a patient), comprising administering (to the patient) a (therapeutically effective amount of the) compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20. 24. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 for use in the treatment of a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient. 25. Use of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in manufacturing a medicine or medicament for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient. 26. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 22, the method of claim 23, the compound for use according to claim 24, or the use of claim 25, wherein the condition to be treated is generalised epilepsy. 27. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 22, the method of claim 23, the compound for use according to claim 24, or the use of claim 25, wherein the condition to be treated is myoclonic seizure. 28. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 22, the method of claim 23, the compound for use according to claim 24, or the use of claim 25, wherein the condition to be treated is Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and/or Progressive myoclonic epilepsy. 29. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 22, the method of claim 23, the compound for use according to claim 24, or the use of claim 25, wherein the condition to be treated is a clonic seizure, tonic seizure and/or tonic-clonic seizure. 30. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 22-29, the method according to any one of claims 23-29, the compound for use according to any one of claims 24-29, or the use according to any one of claims 25-29, wherein the compound is packaged for delivery or delivered at an effective dose through one of the following routes: parenteral, oral, nasal including nasogastric, ocular, transmucosal or transdermal. 31. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 22-30, the method according to any one of claims 23-30, the compound for use according to any one of claims 24-30, or the use according to any one of claims 25-30, wherein the patient is a human patient. 32. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 22-31, the method according to any one of claims 23-31, the compound for use according to any one of claims 24-31, or the use according to any one of claims 25-31, wherein the compound is administered to the patient at a dose of at least 8 mg/Kg. 33. A method of manufacturing a perrottetinene-like compound comprising reacting menthadienol with dihydropinosylvin or dihydroresvratrol, suitably in the presence of a Lewis acid. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the Lewis acid is a zinc based acid. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the zinc based acid is zinc triflate. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the initial amount of the zinc triflate is at 0.01-0.05 mole equivalent to menthadienol. 37. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the reaction of menthadienol with dihydropinosylvin or dihydroresvratrol takes place at or under the temperature ranging 80-120oC. 38. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the perrottetinene-like compound is (1’R,2’R)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)- 1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET) when menthadienol is reacted with dihydropinosylvin. 39. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the perrottetinene-like compound is (1’R,2’R)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’- (prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET-OH) when menthadienol is reacted with dihydroresvratrol. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising the step of producing dihydroresvratrol by hydrogenating trans-resveratrol in the presence of palladium on carbon (Pd/C). 41. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 40, wherein menthadienol is p- menthadienol. |
); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [2b] The compound of [1b], which is 5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)- 1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET) (Fig 2f) having the following structure
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [3b] The compound of [1b], which is 4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop- 1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl] -2,6-diol (CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3f) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [4b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’R,2’R)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1- ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2 ,6-diol ((-) trans-CBD-PET) (Fig 2b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [5b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’S,2’S)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1- ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2 ,6-diol) ((+) – cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2c)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [6b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’R,2’S)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1- ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2 ,6-diol ((-) cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [7b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’S,2’R)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1- ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2 ,6-diol) ((+) – cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2e) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [8b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’R,2’R)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’- methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro -[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) trans-CBD- PET-OH) (Fig 3b)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [9b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’S,2’S)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’- methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro -[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((+) cis CBD-PET- OH) (Fig 3c) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [10b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’R,2’S)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’- methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro -[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) cis-CBD-PET- OH) (Fig 3d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [11b] The compound of [1b], which is (1’S,2’R)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’- methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro -[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((+) cis CBD-PET- OH) (Fig 3e) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [12b] The compound of [1b], which is an o-isomer of trans-CBD-PET having a structure: , , , , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [13b] The compound of The compound of [1b], which is o-isomer of trans-CBD- PET-OH having a structure: , , , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. [14b] The compound according to any one of [1b] to [13b], which is present as a substantially pure isomer. [15b] The compound according to any one of [1b] to [13b], which is present as a racemic mixture of isomers. [16b] The compound according to any one of [1b] to [13b], which is a substantially pure p isomer. [17b] The compound of any one of [1b] to [13b], which is a substantially pure o isomer. [18b] The compound of [16b] or [17b], wherein the isomer is at greater than 95% purity. [19b] The compound according to any one of [1b] to [13b], which is a mixture of both p and o isomers. [20b] The compound of [19b], wherein the two isomers forming the mixture are together present at greater than 95% purity. [21b] The compound according to any one of [1b] to [20b], for use in a medicine. [22b] A pharmaceutical composition for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient, comprising the compound according to any one of [1b] to [20b]. [23b] A method for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to any one of [1b] to [20b]. [24b] The compound according to any one of [1b] to [20b] for use in the treatment of a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient. [25b] Use of the compound according to any one of [1b] to [20b] in manufacturing a medicine for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient. [26b] The pharmaceutical composition of [22b], the method of [23b], the compound for use according to [24b], or the use of [25b], wherein the condition to be treated is generalised epilepsy. [27b] The pharmaceutical composition of [22b], the method of [23b], the compound for use according to [24b], or the use of [25b], wherein the condition to be treated is myoclonic seizure. [28b] The pharmaceutical composition of [22b], the method of [23b], the compound for use according to [24b], or the use of [25b], wherein the condition to be treated is Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Progressive myoclonic epilepsy. [29b] The pharmaceutical composition of [22b], the method of [23b], the compound for use according to [24b], or the use of [25b], wherein the condition to be treated is a clonic seizure, tonic seizure or tonic-clonic seizure. [30b] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [22b]-[29b], the method according to any one of [23b]-[29b], the compound for use according to any one of [24b]-[29b], or the use according to any one of [25b]-[29b], wherein the compound is packaged for delivery or delivered at an effective dose through one of the following routes: parenteral, oral, nasal including nasogastric, ocular, transmucosal or transdermal. [31b] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [22b]-[30b], the method according to any one of [23b]-[30b], the compound for use according to any one of [24b]-[30b], or the use according to any one of [25b]-[30b], wherein the patient is a human patient. [32b] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [22b]-[31b], the method according to any one of [23b]-[31b], the compound for use according to any one of [24b]-[31b], or the use according to any one of [25b]-[31b], wherein the compound is administered to the patient at a dose of at least 8 mg/Kg. [33b] A method of manufacturing a perrottetinene-like compound comprising the steps of: reacting menthadienol with dihydropinosylvin or dihydroresvratrol in the presence of a Lewis acid. [34b] The method of [33b], wherein the Lewis acid is a zinc based acid. [35b] The method of [34b], wherein the zinc based acid is zinc triflate. [36b] The method of [35b], wherein the initial amount of the zinc triflate is 0.01-0.05 mole equivalent to menthadienol. [37b] The method according to any one of [33b] to [36b], wherein the reaction of menthadienol with dihydropinosylvin or dihydroresvratrol takes place under the temperature ranging 80-120 o C. [38b] The method according to any one of [33b] to [36b], wherein the perrottetinene-like compound is (1’R,2’R)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl) - 1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET) when menthadienol is reacted with dihydropinosylvin. [39b] The method according to any one of [33b] to [36b], wherein the perrottetinene-like compound is (1’R,2’R)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’- (prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-bip henyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET-OH) when menthadienol is reacted with dihydroresvratrol. [40b] The method of [39b], further comprising the step of producing dihydroresvratrol by hydrogenating trans-resveratrol in the presence of palladium on carbon (Pd/C). [41b] The method according to any one of [33b] to [40b], wherein menthadienol is p- menthadienol. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0085] An embodiment of the invention is further described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: [0086] Fig 1 is a general scheme for synthesis of CBD-PET and analogues including, but not limited to a hydroxy substituted variant and subsequent ring closure to produce THC- PET and THC-PET-OH; [0087] Fig 2a is a scheme for the synthesis of CBD-PET; [0088] Fig 2b illustrates the (-) trans isomer; [0089] Fig 2c illustrates the (+) trans isomer; [0090] Fig 2d illustrates the (-) cis isomer; [0091] Fig 2e illustrates the (+) cis isomer; [0092] Fig 2f illustrates CBD-PET with no stereochemistry. [0093] Fig 3a is a scheme for the synthesis of CBD-PET-OH; [0094] Fig 3b illustrates the (-) trans isomer; [0095] Fig 3c illustrates the (+) trans isomer; [0096] Fig 3d illustrates the (-) cis isomer; [0097] Fig 3e illustrates the (+) cis isomer; [0098] Fig 3f illustrates CBD-PET-OH with no stereochemistry. [0099] Fig 4 is a bar chart showing latency to tonic hindlimb seizure for the test compounds vs CBD and a negative (vehicle) and positive control (phenytoin) in a MES mouse model of seizures; [0100] Fig 5 is a bar chart showing latency to clonic seizure for the test compounds vs CBD and a negative (vehicle) and positive control (diazepam) in a PTZ mouse model of seizures; [0101] Fig 6 is a bar chart showing latency to tonic hindlimb seizure for the test compounds vs CBD and a negative (vehicle) and positive control (diazepam) in a PTZ mouse model of seizures; [0102] Fig 7 is HPLC data for (-)-trans-CBD-PET (p isomer); [0103] Fig 8 is HPLC data for (-)-trans-CBD-PET (o isomer); [0104] Fig 9 is HPLC data for (-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH (p isomer); and [0105] Fig 10 is HPLC data for (-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH (o isomer). DETAILED DESCRIPTION Compound [0075] The present invention provides a compound selected from the group consisting of: 5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3 ,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6- diol (Fig 2f) having the following structure ; 4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2 ,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’- biphenyl]-2,6-diol (Fig 3f) having the following structure
); or a ph armaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. These compounds may hereinafter collectively be referred to as the compound of the present invention or the compound of the invention. [0076] In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be 5’-methyl-4- phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahy dro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET) (Fig 2f) having the following structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be 4-(4- hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2 ,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6- diol (CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3f)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’R,2’R)-5’- methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4 -tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) trans-CBD-PET) (Fig 2b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’S,2’S)-5’- methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4 -tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol) ((+) – cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2c) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’R,2’S)-5’- methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4 -tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol ((-) cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’S,2’R)-5’- methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2’,3’,4 -tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol) ((+) – cis-CBD-PET) (Fig 2e) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’R,2’R)- —4- (4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’ ,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]- 2,6-diol ((-) trans-CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’S,2’S)- —4-(4- hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2 ,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6- diol ((+) cis CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3c) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’R,2’S)- —4- (4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’ ,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]- 2,6-diol ((-) cis-CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (1’S,2’R)- —4- (4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’ ,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]- 2,6-diol ((+) cis CBD-PET-OH) (Fig 3e)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be any one or at least one of the followings: (-)-cis-CBD-PET ortho isomer In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be any one or at least one of the followings: (-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH ortho isomer
l or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be (-) – trans-CBD- PET, or (-) – trans-CBD-PET-OH. [0077] The compound of the present invention may be a substantially pure p isomer or a substantially pure o isomer. As used herein, substantially pure means that the isomer has a purity of at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 98%, more preferably still at least 98%, and most preferably still at least 99%. The compound of the present invention may be a mixture of both p and o isomers. When in the mixture of p and o isomers, each of the two isomers forming the mixture are together present a purity of at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 98%, more preferably still at least 98%, and most preferably still at least 99%, preferably, at greater than 95% purity. [0078] Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of the present invention include alkali metal salts such as salts of sodium, potassium and lithium; alkaline earth metal salts such as salts of calcium and magnesium; metal salts such as salts of aluminum, iron, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, etc.; ammonium salts; organic amine salts such as salts of t-octylamine, dibenzylamine, morpholine, glucosamine, phenylglycine alkyl ester, ethylenediamine,N -methylglucamine, guanidine, diethylamine, triethylamine, dicyclohexylamine,N,N' -dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, procaine, diethanolamine,N -benzylphenethylamine, piperazine, tetramethylammonium, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane; hydrohalide salts such as salts of hydrofluorates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides and hydroiodides; inorganic acid salts such as nitrates, perchlorates, sulfates, phosphates, etc.; lower alkane sulfonates such as methanesulfonates, trifluoromethanesulfonates and ethanesulfonates; arylsulfonates such as benzenesulfonates and p-toluenesulfonates; organic acid salts such as acetates, malates, fumarates, succinates, citrates, tartarates, oxalates, maleates, etc.; and, amino acid salts such as salts of glycine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. These salts may be produced by known methods. Alternatively, the compound of the present invention contained in the composition of the present invention may be in the form of a hydrate thereof. Medical Use [0079] The compound is useful for treating multiple conditions as demonstrated in the examples. Thus, the present invention provides the compound of the present invention for use in a medicine. In particular, for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy, the present invention provides the followings: (a) A pharmaceutical composition for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient, comprising the compound of the present invention, i.e. CBD- PET and/or CBD-PET-OH, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. (b) A method for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present invention, i.e. CBD-PET and/or CBD-PET-OH, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. (c) The compound of the present invention, i.e. CBD-PET and/or CBD-PET-OH, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, for use in the treatment of a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient. (d) Use of the compound of the present invention, i.e. CBD-PET and/or CBD-PET- OH, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof in manufacturing a medicine for treating a condition which is seizure or epilepsy in a patient. [0080] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of (a) may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" herein includes any substance used as a vehicle for delivery of the active ingredient to a subject, and any substance added to the active ingredient, for example to improve its handling properties or to permit the resulting composition to be formed into an orally deliverable unit dose having the desired shape and consistency. Excipients can include, by way of illustration and not by limitation, diluents, disintegrants, binding agents, adhesives, wetting agents, lubricants, glidants, substances added to mask or counteract a bad taste or odour, flavours, dyes, substances added to improve appearance of a dosage form, and any other substance other than the active ingredient conventionally used in the preparation of oral dosage forms. [0081] In one embodiment, for the pharmaceutical composition of (a), the method of (b), the compound for use according to (c), or the use of (d), the condition to be treated may be generalised epilepsy, or Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Progressive myoclonic epilepsy. [0082] In another embodiment, for the pharmaceutical composition of (a), the method of (b), the compound for use according to (c), or the use of (d), the condition to be treated may be myoclonic seizure, a clonic seizure, tonic seizure or tonic-clonic seizure. [0083] For the pharmaceutical composition of (a), the method of (b), the compound for use according to (c), or the use of (d), the administration may be determined by the skilled person depending on the specific conditions to be treated and patients. Exemplary routes include intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, oral administration, tissue administration, transdermal administration, etc. In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention of (a) or for the compound of the present invention may be administered through parenteral, oral, nasal including nasogastric, ocular, transmucosal or transdermal routes. [0084] Also, dosage forms which are available for the composition of the present invention of (a) or for the compound of the present invention are not particularly limited, and include, for example, infusions, injections, oral agents, drips, creams, inhalations, ointments, lotions, etc. [0085] The patients to be treated by the pharmaceutical composition of (a), the method of (b), the compound for use according to (c), or the use of (d) are not particularly limited, however, include human, domestic animals such as cows, sheep, horses, goats, lamas, kangaroos and pigs, pet animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and birds and zoo animals such as lions, elephants, giraffes and bears. In one embodiment, the patient to be treated is a human. [0086] An appropriate dose for the compound of the present invention to be administered can be determined by the skilled person based on the description and data provided herein. The guidance of the conversion of appropriate doses for animal models to appropriate ones for human is known to the skilled person. An example of such dose conversion is provided in Guidance for Industry Estimating the Maximum Safe Starting Dose in Initial Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy Volunteers (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), July 2005 Pharmacology and Toxicology). Specifically, the dose of 200mg/Kg for a mouse for CBD-PET and CBD-PET-OH equates to a human equivalent dose of 200 x 0.08 = 16mg/Kg or for an “average” adult weighing 60Kg, a dose of 960mg. Based on this early data one might anticipate a human dose to be in the order of from 8mg/Kg to 32 mg/Kg or as a dose for a 60Kg patient from 480mg to 1920mg or intermediate values therebetween such as, 12mg/Kg to 24 mg/Kg or as a dose for a 60Kg patient from 720mg to 1440mg. Doses for heavier human patients or for lighter patients such as children can appropriately be determined based on the disclosure provided herein. In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention may be administered to the patient at a dose of at least 8 mg/Kg. [0087] The pharmaceutical composition of (a) may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A concentration of the compound of the present invention contained in the pharmaceutical composition of (a) may vary depending on kind of the carrier, etc., and is appropriately in a range of 0.1 nM to 100 µM, preferably in a range of 1 nM to 10 µM, and more preferably in a range of 10 nM to 1 µM. [0088] In addition to the compound of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition of (a) may further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives. Examples of such additives are emulsification aids (e.g., fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, albumin and dextran), stabilizers (e.g., cholesterol and phosphatidic acid), isotonizing agents (e.g., sodium chloride, glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose), and pH controlling agents (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and triethanolamine). One or more of these additives can be used. The content of the additive in the composition of the present invention is appropriately 90 wt% or less, preferably 70 wt% or less and more preferably, 50 wt% or less. Synthetic method [0089] The present invention provides a synthetic method of manufacturing a perrottetinene-like compound such as the compound of the present invention comprising (the steps of) reacting menthadienol with dihydropinosylvin or dihydroresvratrol, e.g. in the presence of a Lewis acid. The step (hereinafter referred to as the “alkylation step”) allows the alkylation of menthadienol with dihydropinosylvin or dihydroresvratrol, thereby producing a perrottetinene-like compound. [0090] In one embodiment, the perrottetinene-like compound produced by the method of the present invention is (1’R,2’R)-5’-methyl-4-phenethyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl) - 1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET) when menthadienol is reacted with Dihydropinosylvin. In one embodiment, the perrottetinene-like compound produced by the method of the present invention is (1’R,2’R)- —4-(4- hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’,2 ,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’- biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET-OH) when menthadienol is reacted with dihydroresvratrol. In one embodiment, menthadienol is a para (p-) menthadienol. [0091] The Lewis acid used can be selected from the group consisting of H + , K + , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 3+ , BF 3 , Sc 3+ , CO 2 , SO 3 , RMgX (wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical such as CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or C 6 H 5 and X is a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine), AlCl 3 and Br 2 . Further examples of the Lewis acids used in the method include Zn(OTf) 2 , p- TsOH.H 2 O, BF 3 OEt 2 , BF 3 OEt 2 -Al 2 O 3 ; and Sc(OTf) 3. In one embodiment, the Lewis acid used in the synthetic method may be a zinc (or BF3) -containing or -based acid. In a further embodiment, the zinc based acid may comprise zinc triflate (Zn(OTf) 2 ). [0092] In one embodiment, the initial, or starting, amount of the Lewis acid (to be added in the alkylation step) may be 0.005-0.10, 0.005-0.09, 0.005-0.08, 0.005-0.07, 0.005-0.06, 0.005-0.05, 0.005-0.04, 0.005-0.03, 0.005-0.025, 0.01-0.10, 0.01-0.09, 0.01-0.08, 0.01-0.07, 0.01-0.06, 0.01-0.05, 0.01-0.04, 0.01-0.03, 0.01-0.025, 0.015- 0.10, 0.015-0.09, 0.015-0.08, 0.015-0.07, 0.015-0.06, 0.015-0.05, 0.015-0.04, 0.015-0.03 or 0.015-0.025 mole equivalent to menthadienol. In one embodiment, the initial amount of the Lewis acid to be added in the alkylation step may be 0.02 mole equivalent to menthadienol. [0093] In one embodiment, the alkylation step, i.e. the reaction of menthadienol with dihydropinosylvin or dihydroresvratrol, takes place at or under the temperature ranging 60-140 o C, 60-130 o C, 60-120 o C, 70-140 o C, 70-130 o C, 70-120 o C, 80-140 o C, 80- 130 o C, 80-120 o C, 90-110 o C or 95-105 o C. In one embodiment, the alkylation step takes place under the temperature ranging 80-120 o C. In one embodiment, the alkylation step takes place under the temperature of 100 o C. [0094] When the perrottetinene-like compound produced by the method of the present invention is (1’R,2’R)- —4-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl) - 1’,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (CBD-PET-OH), the method of the present invention may further comprise the step of producing dihydroresvratrol by hydrogenating trans-resveratrol in the presence of palladium on carbon (Pd/C). [0106] The first step was to make CBD-PET, and CBD- PET-OH. [0107] The compounds of the invention were produced by way of the general scheme illustrated in Fig 1 and respectively the schemes and compounds shown in Fig 2a-f and Fig 3a-f. General methodology [0108] A key step in the preparation of the initial target compounds: i) (-) trans CBD-PET, and ii) (-) trans CBD-PET-OH was a Friedel-Crafts alkylation of p-menthadienol, suitably with the required resorcinol / biphenyl compound. [0109] Dihydropinosylvin was commercially available but dihydroresveratrol required hydrogenation of the readily available resveratrol under standard conditions. The process described in Fig 1 – Scheme 1 produces nearly equal amounts of the p and o- isomers and required extensive chromatographic effort to separate the them from one another as well as from other minor side products. [0110] Finally, the synthesis of (-)-trans-THC-PET was carried out by the boron trifluoride diethyl etherate-mediated cyclization of (-)-trans-CBD-PET to affect the formation of the pyran ring. [0100] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to EXAMPLES below, but is not deemed to be limited thereto. EXAMPLE 1 – Preparation of (-) trans CBD-PET [0101] The initial preparation of (-) trans CBD-PET was based on the use of a number of different Lewis acids including: • Zn(OTf) 2 ; • p-TsOH.H 2 O; • BF 3 OEt 2 ; • BF 3 OEt 2 -Al 2 O 3 ; and • Sc(OTf) 3 and reaction conditions for the coupling of dihydropinosylvin with p-menthadienol based on published reports (Fig 2 – Scheme 2). [0102] The use of the original Crombie et al. conditions (p-TsOH.H 2 O in toluene); Ref: J. Chem. Soc.Perkin. Trans I, 1988, 1263–1270 were carried out but afforded only 25% of the selected (-)-trans-CBD-PET (p-isomer) along with 10% of the alternative o- isomer. [0103] Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF 3 .OEt 2 ), a commonly used Lewis acid for this conversion, and BF 3 .OEt 2 -alumina (Ref: Tet. Lett.1985, 26, 1083–1086) were examined and found to give less than 30% yield of the desired product. The alumina-mediated conditions produced an unknown isomeric compound which did not match the 1H NMR of any of the compounds reported in the literature. [0104] The use of Sc(OTf) 3 (Ref: WO2007041167) at either 20 °C or below 0 °C gave yields comparable to the p-TsOH and BF 3. OEt 2 as well as the alternative o-isomer. [0105] Use of Zn(OTf) 2 in toluene at 100 °C, with an excess of dihydropinosylvin (see WO2019046806) gave complete consumption of p-menthadienol but some dihydropinosylvin remained. LCMS analysis showed the presence of multiple peaks with m/z = 349 corresponding to the desired product as well as several peaks with m/z = 497 matching the bis-alkylated side products. After flash chromatography purification, two major spots were isolated and characterized. The less polar spot was identified as the desired (-)-trans-CBD-PET (p-isomer) and the more polar spot was confirmed as the o- isomer of (-)-trans-CBD-PET based on their 1H NMR spectra that matched the published data (Crombie et al; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin. Trans I, 1988, 1263–1270). This initial reaction provided 42% of desired p isomer and 39% of the o isomer. [0106] This Lewis acid, Zn(OTf) 2 proved to be significantly more efficient than the others referenced in the literature and was used in production. Preparation of (-)-trans-CBD-PET for in vivo testing [0107] A 2-L, three-neck reactor was equipped with a magnetic stirrer, reflux condenser, thermocouple, and nitrogen inlet. Dihydropinosylvin (116.1 g, 0.54 mol, 1.10 equiv) was charged into the reactor as solid under nitrogen atmosphere followed by toluene (750 mL, 10 vol). The resulting solution was heated to 80 °C for 20 min and then Zn(OTf) 2 (3.6 g, 0.010 mol, 0.020 equiv) followed by p-menthadienol (75.0 g, 0.490 mol, 1.00 equiv) in toluene (375 mL, 5.0 vol). The reaction mixture was then heated to 100 °C and the progress was monitored by TLC. After 1 h at 100 °C, complete consumption of p- menthadienol was observed and the batch was cooled to 50–55 °C. The reaction was quenched by slow (5–10 min) addition of water (150 mL) and then cooled to 20 °C. The mixture was stirred for an additional 5–10 min at 20 °C before allowing the layers to separate. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resultant crude oil was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (Biotage KP-SIL 75-L cartridge; 1 kg of silica) in two batches eluting slowly with 0–30% EtOAc/heptanes [Gradient: 1 × 2 L of 100% heptanes; 1 × 2 L 5% EtOAc- heptanes; 1 × 2 L 12% EtOAc-heptanes (p- isomer elution start); 2 × 2 L 10% EtOAc-heptanes (p-isomer elution end); 1 × 2 L 15% EtOAc-heptanes; 1 × 2 L 20% EtOAc-heptanes (o-isomer elution start); 1 × 4 L 25% EtOAc-heptanes (o-isomer elution end)]. The fractions containing product (p- isomer) were combined and solvents were removed under reduced pressure to give 60 g (-)-trans-CBD-PET with 94% purity as a clear viscous oil. This material was further purified by Combiflash (HP silica gel, 330 g gold cartridge) chromatography in three batches to afford (-)-trans-CBD-PET (40.3 g, 24% yield; lot # GSR-D- 31-1 – Fig 7) with an HPLC purity of 99.3%. The fractions from the Biotage column which contained the o-isomer were pooled and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a clear viscous oil of o-(-)-trans-CBD-PET (57.9 g, 34% yield; lot # GSR- D-31-2 – Fig 8) with a purity of 99.1%) . The identities were confirmed by 1 H and 13 C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) after drying the material for over 60 h under high va cuum. EXAMPLE 2 - Preparation of (-) trans CBD-PET-OH [0108] The Zn(OTf) 2 conditions utilized above for the preparation of CBD-PET were adapted to synthesize the 4-hydroxyphenethyl analogue (CBD-PET-OH; (1’R,2’R)- —4- (4-hydroxyphenethyl)-5’-methyl-2’-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-1’ ,2’,3’,4’-tetrahydro-[1,1’- biphenyl]-2,6- diol, Fig 3 - Scheme 3). Commercially available resveratrol (1.0 equiv) was hydrogenated in the presence of 10% Pd-C (2 wt %) using the reported procedure (US20160367498) resulting in a complete and clean conversion of resveratrol to dihydroresveratrol. In the initial coupling attempt, treatment of dihydroresveratrol (0.5 g) with p-menthadienol in the presence of Zn(OTf)2 (0.02 equiv) under identical conditions showed a similar TLC reaction profile with complete consumption of the p-menthadienol in one hour. LCMS analysis of the isolated crude confirmed the presence of two peaks with m/z = 365 (M+1) representing the desired product (p-isomer) and by-product (o-isomer) in addition to two additional peaks with m/z = 499, indicative of dialkylated products. The crude (- )-trans-CBD-PET-OH was purified by silica gel chromatography, eluting with 0–40% EtOAc/heptanes to afford (–)-trans-CBD-PET-OH (37% yield) and the alternative o- isomer of (-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH (28% yield) as clear viscous oils. The structures of the isomers were assigned based upon comparison of their NMR spectra to the reports in the literature (Crombie et al; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin. Trans I, 1988, 1263– 1270). The key distinguishing feature of the 1H NMR spectra of the selected p-isomer was the broadened signals of 3’ and 5’ protons due to slow exchange involving the rotation of p-menthadienol core (see Scheme 1 for atom numbering). Similarly, the corresponding carbon atoms also showed broadened peaks in the 13C NMR along with significantly diminished peak heights. Consistent with the literature, no such exchange or broadening of proton or carbon signals were observed with the more hindered, and o-regioisomer. Preparation of (-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH for in vivo testing Step 1: Preparation of Dihydroresveratrol [0109] To a solution of trans-resveratrol (75.0 g, 0.33 mol, 1.00 equiv) in EtOH (1120 mL, 15 vol) in a metal pressure reactor was charged 10% Pd/C (1.75 g,0.0015 mol, 0.050 equiv). The flask was purged with nitrogen to create an inert atmosphere followed by purging with hydrogen gas. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 16 h under hydrogen (40 psi) atmosphere. Upon complete consumption of resveratrol, the mixture was filtered over a short pad of Celite to remove the Pd/C. The Celite pad was washed with additional EtOH [3 × 300 mL (2 vol)]. The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a clear oil that became an off-white solid upon further drying under high vacuum.1H NMR confirmed the identity of dihydroresveratrol (149.3 g, yield = 98%) and matched the reported 1H NMR data in US20160367498. Step 2: Preparation of (-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH [0110] A 2L three-neck reactor was equipped with magnetic stirrer, reflux condenser, thermocouple, and nitrogen inlet. Dihydroresveratrol (127 g, 0.550 mol, 1.10 equiv) was charged into the reactor as a solid under nitrogen atmosphere followed by toluene (800 mL). The mixture was heated to 80 °C for 20 min and charged Zn(OTf) 2 (3.84 g, 0.011 mol, 0.02 equiv) followed by p-menthadienol (80.0 g, 0.52 mol, 1.0 equiv) in toluene (400 mL). The reaction mixture was then heated to 95–100 °C and the progress was monitored by TLC. After 1 h, TLC analysis showed complete consumption of p-menthadienol. The reaction mixture was cooled to 50–55 °C and quenched by the slow addition of water (160 mL). The batch was then further cooled to 20 °C. The mixture was stirred for additional 5– 10 min at 20 °C before letting the layers separate to collect the organic layer. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude divided into two batches and purified by flash chromatography using Biotage KP-SIL 75L columns eluting slowly with 0–30% EtOAc- heptanes [Gradient: 2 × 2 L of 100% heptanes; 2 × 2 L 10% EtOAc-heptanes; 2 × 2 L 12% EtOAc-heptanes; 3 × 4 L 15% EtOAc-heptanes (p-isomer elution); 2 × 4 L 20% EtOAc-heptanes (o-isomer elution); 1 × 4 L 25% EtOAc-heptanes; 1 × 2 L 30% EtOAc- heptanes]. The fractions containing product (p-isomer) were combined and solvents were removed under reduced pressure to afford p-(-)-trans-CBD PET-OH (39.3 g, 20% yield; lot # GSR-D-37-7 ) as a clear viscous oil with 97.4% purity by HPLC (Fig 9). Similarly, the fractions containing the alternative o-isomer were pooled and concentrated under reduced pressure to give o-(-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH (43.9 g, 22% yield; lot # GSR-D-37-8) as a clear viscous oil with 99.3% purity by HPLC (Fig 10). The identities were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) after drying the material for over 60 h under high vacuum. [0111] The two exemplary compounds: A - (-)-trans-CBD-PET (p isomer); and B - (-)-trans-CBD-PET-OH (p isomer) were subjected to a PK study and tested in two exemplary seizure models, namely the PTZ and MES models of seizures. Animals [00112] Species: Mouse Strain: ICR:CD-1 Source of Animals: Charles River Age or weight: 8-10 weeks Sex: Male Randomization: Animals were assigned randomly to treatment groups Blinding of Study: The investigators were blinded to treatments. Housing and Feeding [0113] Acclimation/Conditioning Not less than three days Housing: Mice will be housed on a 12 hr light/dark cycle (lights on 7:00 AM) No more than 4 mice per cage depending on size Ventilated cage rack system Diet: Standard rodent chow and water ad libitum Design Parameters PK study [0114] Route(s) of administration: Intraperitoneal (i.p.) Dose Volume(s): 10 ml/kg Formulation(s): Vehicle for the test compounds and CBD: 1:1:18 ethanol: cremophor (Kolliphor) EL: 0.9% saline Dose Levels: 100 mg/kg Dose Frequency: Once Study duration: 1 day [0115] Time points for blood collection: IP administration: 0.5h (30 min), 1h, 2h, Number of animals per group: 3 Number of samples for analyses: 9 blood samples per compound 18 samples total Total number of animals: 6 [0116] The above is summarised in Table 1 below: [Table 1] Conversion of a mouse dose to a human equivalent dose, in mg/Kg, is by multiplying the mouse dose by 0.08. MES study [0117] Route(s) of administration: Intraperitoneal (i.p.) and per oral (p.o.) (Phenytoin Dose Volume(s): 10 ml/kg Formulation(s): Vehicle for the test compounds: 1:1:18 ethanol: cremophor (Kolliphor) EL: 0.9% saline Vehicle for phenytoin: 0.5% MC in water Dose Levels: 100-200 mg/kg (Table 2), Phenytoin 60 mg/kg Dose Frequency: Once Study duration: 1 day Interval between dose and evaluation: 30 min for test articles and phenytoin, 60 min for CBD Number of animals per group: 10 Number of groups: 5 Total number of animals: 50 [0118] The above is summarised in Table 2 below [Table 2] PTZ study [0119] Route(s) of administration: Intraperitoneal (i.p.) and per oral (p.o.) (Diazepam) Dose Volume(s): 10 ml/kg Formulation(s): Vehicle for the test compounds: 1:1:18 ethanol: cremophor (Kolliphor) EL: 0.9% saline Vehicle for diazepam: 0.5%MC, 0.1%Tween 80 in water Dose Levels: 100-200 mg/kg (Table 3), Phenytoin 60 mg/kg Dose Frequency: Once Study duration: 1 day Interval between dose and evaluation: 30 min for test articles and diazepam, 60min for CBD Number of animals per group: 10 Number of groups: 5 Total number of animals: 50 [0120] The above is summarised in Table 3 below: [Table 3] METHODS PK study [0121] For testing of each compound, six CD-1 mice were divided into 2 groups of 3. Animals were administered test agents via i.p. route and blood collected at 30, 60 and 120 min, administration as outlined in Table 1. Blood samples were collected in EDTA-coated microfuge tubes, inverted and placed on an ice pack prior to centrifugation and storage at - 70°C. Samples were extracted using an acetonitrile/protein precipitation method and levels of test agent analysed by LC/MS/MS. Maximal Electroshock (MES) [0122] Animals were administered vehicle, phenytoin, CBD or test compounds and gross behavioural observations were done for 30 minutes. Proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution (Butler AHS, Dublin, OH) was applied approximately 10 minutes prior to testing to numb the eyes. Thirty to sixty minutes after administration of vehicle,phenytoin, CBD or test compounds, 0.9% saline solution (sodium chloride in water) was applied to both eyes and electro-convulsions were produced by an alternating current delivered via corneal electrodes by a Rodent Shocker generator at a frequency of 60 Hz (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA). Parameters for the ICR:CD1 mice were 0.2s stimulus duration at an intensity of 25 mA. The criterion for seizure occurrence were presence of a tonic hind limb extension, defined as extension exceeding a 90-degree angle with the plane of the body. A 20-second cut- off latency was used for the mice that did not seize. Any seizure activity (i.e. clonic seizures defined as rapid spasms or jerky movements of the limbs) prior to tonic hind limb seizure were recorded as presence of seizure (noted as 1-yes, 0-no). After seizure exhibition or 20-second timeout, mice were euthanized via cervical dislocation. PTZ-induced seizures [0123] Mice were acclimated to the procedure room for at least 30 minutes. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; SigmaAldrich) was formulated in water to a concentration of 20 mg/ml. Injections of PTZ were made at a volume of 5 ml/kg to produce a final dose of 100 mg/kg. PTZ injections were i.p. Diazepam was formulated at a concentration of 2 mg/ml and administered at volume of 10 ml/kg to produce a final dose of 20 mg/kg. Time to initial myoclonic and tonic hindlimb extensor response was measured. A 10-min maximum latency to seizure was imposed. Bioanalytical Method Development and Sample Bioanalysis [0124] Bioanalytical detection method was developed using an LC/MS/MS (ABI 5000 or 5500). Standard curves of the test agent were prepared in an appropriate biological matrix (plasma). Levels of test article was measured in plasma as per the developed method. Levels were determined by extrapolating the concentration from a standard curve using linear regression analysis. Method development and bioanalysis was performed by a partner company, Keystone Bioanalytical (North Wales, PA, US). Data analysis [0125] The data was expressed as mean + SEM. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Fisher’s LSD test was used to determine statistical significance compared to the vehicle-treated animals. RESULTS PK Study [0126] Animals were treated according to Table 1 and the time course of (-) – trans CBD- PET is illustrated in Table 4 - Measured concentrations of (-) – trans CBD-PET in plasma (ng/ml) after administration of 100 mg/kg i.p. [Table 4] (-)-trans- [0127] Animals were treated according to Table 1 and the time course of (-) – trans CBD- PET-OH is illustrated in Table 5 - Measured concentrations of (-) – trans CBD-PET-OH in plasma (ng/ml) after administration of 100 mg/kg i.p. [0128] [Table 5] (-)-trans- MES Study [0129] The results of the MES study are illustrated in Fig 4 : MES: Latency in seconds for seizures to occur in mice. Animals received treatments according to Table 2. A 20 second timeout was recorded for any mouse that did not exhibit a tonic seizure. Data are expressed as the average ±SEM. Data were analysed by One-way ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc Fisher’s LSD test. ***P<0.001, *P<0.05, n=1 PTZ Study [0130] The results of the PTZ study are illustrated in Fig 5: PTZ: Latency to myoclonic seizure. Animals received treatments according to Table 3. Each bar graph represents the mean latency (seconds) +/- SEM. *P<0.05, ****P<0.0001, one-way ANOVA followed by a Fisher’s LSD test, compared to vehicle treated animals, n=10/group. [0131] In Fig 6: PTZ: Latency to tonic hindlimb seizure. Animals received treatments according to Table 3. Each bar graph represents the mean latency (seconds) +/- SEM. ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001, one-way ANOVA followed by a Fisher’s LSD test, compared to vehicle treated animals, n=10/group. Conclusion [0132] Pharmacokinetic time course analysis for (-) – trans CBD-PET and (-) – trans CBD- PET-OH demonstrated that maximal concentration in plasma was achieved at 30 min after the injection. It was decided that pre-treatment time for (-) – trans CBD-PET and (-) – trans CBD-PET-OH for MES and PTZ studies was 30 min. [0133] In the MES study, (-) – trans CBD-PET was inactive. (-) – trans CBD-PET-OH effect was significantly different from vehicle (p<0.05). Positive control for the study, phenytoin, demonstrated a 100% protection from the seizures (p<0.05). [0134] Administration of PTZ produced clonic and tonic hindlimb seizures in animals treated with vehicle. A positive control for the study, diazepam, produced a significant protection from the seizures (100%, Figures 5 and 6, p<0.05). [0135] Administration of (-) – trans CBD-PET produced a significant protection from clonic seizures (p<0.05) compared to the vehicle-treated animals. [0136] Administration of (-) – trans CBD-PET and (-) – trans CBD-PET-OH produced a significant effect, protecting from tonic hindlimb seizures (p<0.05). [0137] Cannabidiol at 100 mg/kg, administered at 60 min prior to MES and PTZ, did not produce a significant effect in the models (p>0.05).
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