The invention relates to a thermal insulating door or window, in particular roof hatch, comprising a fixed casing and a casement rotatably connected to the fixed casing via hinges defining a rotation axis for rotation of the casement between an open position and a closed position, where parts of the door or window facing an external environment in a use position are thermally separated from parts of the door or window facing an interior space in the use position, and a thermal insulation is arranged between the fixed casing and the casement, and the fixed casing and casement have a locking mechanism securing the casement in the closed position when it is folded over the fixed casing.

Roof-holes and exits used mainly at roofs are subject to increasing demands in terms of ease of use, thermal insulation, and safety. In addition to practical necessities, there are also legal regulations on how the roofs of residential buildings or industrial buildings must be made accessible. To satisfy this demand and the regulations, many structural designs have become known nowadays. Although these provide exit possibilities, according to experience, they are less suitable for separating the interior of the building from the outside environment with good efficiency and in practice without thermal bridges, so they do not meet, or only to a limited extent, the thermal insulation and environmental protection aspects coming increasingly to the front.

A solution with this objective in mind is described, for example, EP2519702 B1 , referring to a panel assembly consisting of a panel and a fixed casing, which in the presented example is a door or window designed as a roof exit. The panel can be moved between an open and closed position relative to the fixed casing, and the partsof the panel assembly facing outwards i.e., towards the external environment during use are basically separated from the parts of the panel assembly facing inwards i.e., towards the interior of a building, by means of an insulating element made of synthetic material and arranged between the panel and the fixed casing. The solution emphasizes that it wants to meet the thermal requirements or expectations in such a way that it comprises additional insulating elements between the inner and outer walls of the fixed casing, as well as between the inner and outer walls of the fixed casing. It can be considered as a shortcoming of the presented solution that due to structural reasons the insulations associated with the metal components that make up the fixed casing and the panel cannot be arranged to such an extent and selected to a size that ensures satisfactory thermal insulation, furthermore, metal fasteners fastening the individual metal elements together also form a thermal bridge, which in longer term significantly and measurably impairs the insulation capacity of the panel assembly. The aim of the invention isto create a door or window or similar closure, especially a roof hatch with improved thermal insulation capacity, which is able to provide the required thermal insulation properties without thermal bridges, is also easy to manufacture, provides comfortable passage and meets property protection, fire protection, and safety requirements and regulations.

The invention is based on the recognition that, unlike previously known solutions, no local insulation should be created between the metal structural elements of the door or window or similar closure, but the connection between the frame and the casement must be realized with an intermediate structural unit, which, by its design, is capable of a thermal bridge-free connection with adequate mechanical strength to be provided between the two mentioned parts.

Set task has been solved with a thermal insulating door or window, in particular roof hatch, comprising a fixed casing and a casement rotatably connected to the fixed casing via hinges defining a rotation axis for rotation of the casement between an open position and a closed position, where parts of the door or window facing an external environment in a use position are thermally separated from parts of the door or window facing an interior space in the use position, and a thermal insulation is arranged between the fixed casing and the casement, and the fixed casing and casement have a locking mechanism securing the casement in the closed position when it is folded over the fixed casing, and in a novel way, the fixed casing is formed as a combined frame comprising a peripheral base frame part surrounding the inner space of the door or window, and a peripheral surrounding linked frame part surrounding the inner space of the door or window and connected to the base frame part, the casement comprises a cover facing the external environment, a thermal insulating insert connected to the inner side of the cover and a casement frame connected to the cover and surrounding the thermal insulating insert, both the linked frame part and the casement frame are of at least three air- chamber construction, the thermal insulation arranged between the combined frame and the casement is formed as at least one elastic insulation running along the entire length of the casement frame, arranged between the surface facing the linked frame part of the casement frame folded over the linked frame part and the corresponding surface of the linked frame part, and the hinges enabling the casement frame to rotate relative to the fixed casing comprise a first hinge part attached to the fixed casing and a second hinge part attached to the casement frame ensuring separation and connection of the casement from and to the fixed casing in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation when opened at an angle of at least 110° relative to the fixed casing

According to a preferred embodiment of the thermal insulating door or window, the peripheral surrounding linked frame part connected to the base frame part is formed by a prefabricated fixed casing for plastic door or window, and the casement frame connected to the cover and surrounding the thermal insulating insert element is formed by a prefabricated casement frame for plasticdoor or window that cooperates with the fixed casing.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the thermal insulating door or window, the base frame part is formed by an inner frame element facing the inner space of the door or window and an adjacent outer frame element facing the external environment, and the linked frame part is attached to the outer frame element.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the t thermal insulating door or window, a peripheral protective cover fully covering the linked frame part and partially covering the base frame part is mounted on the fixed casing, a continuous water bar is formed on the base frame part, and the surrounding peripheral edge of the protective cover is bent over the water bar.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the t thermal insulating door or window, a gas spring is attached to the base frame part and the cover insert, for pre-tensioning the casement to its closed end position and to its open end position, respectively.

According to another preferred embodiment of the thermal insulating door or window, the thermal insulation arranged in the base frame part and in the insert is made of an insulating material of the type “ PIR ALU 17” with a thickness of 80 mm.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the thermal insulating door or window, the cover insert is attached to an inner side of the cover by thermal insulating plastic fasteners.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the thermal insulating door or window, a handrail to facilitate the handling of the casement is installed on the cover insert.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the thermal insulated cover, the cover insert is made of double-layer thermal insulating glass.

Due to the innovative structural design used, the fixed casing and the casement are not directly connected to each other, there is no direct contact between them and there is no need to place any insulation and insulating elements between the fixed casing and the casement, which could only be used in small sizes due to the required mechanical strength. Thanks to the secondary fixed casing-casement design attached to the fixed casing and the casement and comprising several air chambers, a suitable and perfect seal between the frame and casement of the door and window can be ensured, so that in the closed position of the window or door the connection between them proves to be free of thermal bridges not only in theory, but also based on our numerous experiments and measurements.

The thermal insulating door or window, in particular roof hatch according to the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a possible embodiment of the door or window according to the invention, in an open position of the door or window,

Fig. 2 shows a detail of a cross-section of the connection between the fixed casing and the casement of the door or window according to Figure 1 ,

Fig. 3 shows a detail of the surrounding peripheral edge of the casement according to Figure 1 in cross section, and

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of a hinge used for the door or window according to Fig. 1 in a partially open state of the hinge parts.

The door or window according to the invention, shown in the Figures consists of two main parts, a fixed casing 1 and a casement 2. According to the invention, the fixed casing 1 also consists of two main parts: a base frame part 3 and a linked frame part 4 connected to the base frame part 3. The door or window is fixed to a structure holding it in the usual way by means of fastening elements not shown here, which are passed through openings 5 formed on the base frame part 3, but depending on the choice of material, other types of fastening, such as welding, are also possible.

Figure 2 shows a detail of the connection of the fixed casing 1 and the casement 2 in crosssection, where the elements and subassemblies already mentioned in connection with Figure 1 can be identified on the depicted detail. As can be seen in Figure 2, the base frame part 3 is composed of an inner frame element 7 facing inwards, towards an inner space 6, and an outer frame element 8 facing outwards, towards an external environment, and in the presented example, the two layers 7a, 8a are made of an insulating material of the type of “PIR ALU 17” with a thickness of 80 mm. The linked frame 4 is mounted on the external 8 frame elements of the fixed casing 1 . The casement 2 comprises an outer cover 9 and a cover insert 10 connected to it on the side facing the inner space 6, and the cover insert 10 on the casement 2 is surrounded by a casement frame 11 .

The casement 2 is supported by two gas springs 12 in the known and usual manner, which are attached to the inner frame element 7 and to the casement frame 11 by screwing. On the cover insert 10 of the casement 2, a quick-release handrail 13 for handling the casement 2 is mounted, in the outer frame element 8 and in the present example in the casement frame 11 , a lock 14 and a lock counter piece 15 are built in to ensure the closed position of the door and window. The load of the gas springs 12 and the handrail 13 is taken up by the casement frame 11 . As usual, 16 water bars run around on the fixed casing 1 , so that a protective cover 31 fully covering the connected frame part 4 and partially covering the base frame part 3 is mounted on the fixed casing 1 , the continuous water bar 16 is formed on the base frame part 3, and the surrounding edge of the protective cover 31 is designed to lean towards the water bar 16.

The base frame part 3 has a sandwich structure, which is aesthetically beneficial, and there is no need to weld any aluminum ribs, as the design of the construction provides enough rigidity. The production of the product requires very little welding: the water bars 16 are welded to the base frame part 3, further on additional welding at corner points of the cover 9 is advisable in order to maintain watertightness.

Figure 3 shows an edge detail of the casements 2 in cross-section. In the case of the present embodiment, an inner roof frame 17 also made of aluminum is connected to the cover 9, and the cover insert 10 is connected to the inner side of the cover 9 via this inner roof frame 17. In the presented example, the cover insert 10 consists of two layers 10a, 10b of an insulating material of the type of “PIR ALU 17” with a thickness of 80 mm and is fixed by a closing plate 21 via screws 20 screwed into plastic threaded sleeves 19 arranged in pre-formed 18 holes. The sleeves 19 are attached to pins 22 welded to the inner side of the cover 9. The casements frame 11 of the casements 2 also rests on this closing plate 21 , supported by the inner roof frame 17 used here, and surrounds it. In this example, the inner roof frame 17 is attached to the inner surface of the cover 9 by gluing, which is made possible by the large contact surface. In the case of skylights, the cover insert 10 can also be made of multi-layer insulating glass, in which case the handrail 13 can also be attached to the casement frame 11 .

The linked frame part 4 and casement frame 11 used in the window according to the invention are structural elements with at least three air chambers, in this example with a stepped profile, in order to ensure the appropriate thermal insulation properties. An essential part of the inventive concept is that such structural elements are, for example, the fixed casings and casement elementsof state-of-the-art plastic doors and windows, which, in addition to fulfilling the required thermal insulation, have adequate mechanical strength, and their design enables them to be properly attached to the base frame part 3 and the cover 9, or if it is supplemented with a roof-internal frame 17, then to the roof-internal frame 17. The fixed casings and casement elements of plastic windows, which are commercially ready and available in almost any size, also contain suitable additional insulating elements in order to ensure the necessary air sealing, for example, at least one elastic insulation 30 running along the entire length of the casement frame 11 , arranged between the surface facing the linked frame part 4 of the casement frame 11 folded over the linked frame part 4 and the corresponding surface of the linked frame part 4, serving as an additional thermal insulation between the fixed casing 1 and the casement 2.

The casement 2 is connected to the fixed casing 1 via thermal insulating plastic 23 hinges attached to the base frame part 3 of the fixed casing 1 and the cover 9 or the inner roof frame 17 of the casement 2. These hinges 23, which enable the rotation of the casement 2 relative to the fixed casing 1 , ensure separation and connection of the casement 2 in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the hinges 23 in a position of the casement 2 opened at an angle of at least 110° in relation to the fixed casing 1. The hinges 23 consist of first and second hinge parts 23a, 23b, as shown in Figure 4, attached to the fixed casing 1 and to the casement frame 11 . The first hinge part 23a is attached to the linked frame part 4 with its base plate 24, and the second hinge part 23b is attached to the casement frame 11 of the casement 2 with its connecting fork 25. The hinge parts 23a, 23b can be seen in a position where the second hinge part 23b is rotated to the extent that falls within the normal operational opening range of the hinge 23, and a curved extension 27 around the axis of rotation 26 of the first hinge part 23a is located in a channel 29 below the curved extension 28 of the first hinge part 23a away, and the extension 27 prevents the second hinge part 23b and the casement 2 linked with it from being removed from the first hinge part 23a and the fixed casing 1 connected to it in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation 26 of the hinge 23. In case of further opening the casement 2, preferably by more than 110°, the extension 27 of the hinge part 23b leaves the channel 29 and the extension 28, thus the hinge part 23b and the casement 2 connected to it can be easily separated from the fixed casing 1 , if a quick-release-type handrail 13 is used, where the fastening handrail 13 on the frame 1 and/or the wing 2 can be easily disconnected in a known manner. The thermal insulating door or window according to the invention can be particularly advantageously used as a roof hatch or a roof window.

List of reference signs:

1 fixed casing

2 casement

3 base frame part

4 linked frame part

5 opening

6 inner space

7 frame element (internal)

8 frame element (external)

9 cover

10 cover insert

10a, 10b layer

11 casement frame

12 gas spring

13 handrail

14, 15 lock part

16 water bar

17 inner roof frames

18 hole

19 sleeve

20 screw

21 closing plate

22 pin

23 hinge

23a, 23b hinge part

24 base plate

25 connecting fork

26 axis of rotation

27 extension

28 extension

29 channel 30 insulation

31 protective cover