COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Bringing power stations to doorsteps is a complete, or a whole solution to the worldwide crisis of the energy sector. Taking into account the spiraling costs of raw materials of solids, liquids and gaseous fuels that are reducing in leaps and bounds day-by-day and bound to go into extinction one fine day. This is one of the reasons why man has sought after nuclear power, which is fruitful on one hand and harmful on the other. Since the disposal of harmful wastes creates a worry for all countries and nations. Hence bringing power stations to doorsteps being the best solution.

This so called energy or invisible force called electricity that is obtained form a machine called the generator, is mainly made of two parts. The movable part is called the rotor, and the immovable part is called the stator. All generators are mechanically coupled to prime movers for their functioning, that in turn depends on various types of energy, such as solids, liquids and gaseous fuels in order to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

A part of my previous invention "Producing Electricity at Negligible Cost" (registered as application number 11 lO/CHE/04) needs to be explained and understood so as to bring to light the present invention "Bringing Power Stations to Door Steps" (and registered as application number 1549/CHE/05 of 25/10/2005) for a cheaper and highly profitable result.

Let us consider a power plant of 12 mega watts (MW) that has three generators of 4MW each, that work together at peak demand and while at off peak hour the working of one

4MW generator suffices, which can be modified. These that are c/fily machines that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy are coupled to prime movers for their functioning and are coupled through a centralized shaft, through separable joints so that when the turbine turns, the rotor also turns as its being linked one with the other. At this joint just before the generator a change is to be made by an additional shaft with 3 gear

wheels fixed (amalgamated) on it, at specified distances on the shaft so as to accommodate 3 pairs of traction motors, and a freewheel.

Man from time immemorial always tried to improve every invention and so also in the railways around the globe have continuously sought after for more powerful locomotives to improve their services and increase the hauling capacity like, from some of the most powerful steam locomotives like the WP and the WG class steam locomotives to the present electric locomotives like the WAP 5 and the WAG 9.

These present locomotives WAG 5 and the WAG 9 have the following qualities that form part of the subject matter. The WAP 5 loco is capable of speeds of 160 kmph while the WAG 9 is capable of speed of 100 kmph and capable of hauling 58 BOXN rake of 4500 tonnes in a gradient section of 1 in 180. The continuous rated horsepower of the WAG 9 is 6122 (4500 KW) and the WP 5 is 5442 (4000 KW).

Considering the horsepower of the two locos, WAG 9 is an ideal one. Hence lets consider the WAG 9 loco having 6 of its traction motors removed and instead of it being connected to the axle of the loco wheels is being connected to a centralized shaft before the 4 mega watt generator as already mentioned earlier. Starting from the generator there is the generator, 6 traction motors of this loco and the freewheel. The traction motor has its motors facing the turbine in pairs and its pinions meshed with 3 gear wheels of the centralized shaft. The gear wheels that are fixed to the shaft must be suitably provided, to attain the desired speeds of the 4 MW power plant by providing a suitable ratio, as the generators are generally manufactured with various speeds to suit the requirements of the customer.

As far as one remembers the cycle has been a simple mode of transport for the then middle class man. This cycle had a dynamo then, which the Oxford dictionary called a dynamo or a small generator maybe because of the rear wheel, which was almost acting like the turbine. The rear wheel which is connected to a wheel in its center called the freewheel

through the hub of the rear wheel forms a very important part of the cycle and is part of this subject.

The freewheel is fixed on the rear wheel of a bicycle. The freewheel consists of two major parts, one that is freely movable on the outer side called the outer wheel and the other that's immovable in the inner side called the inner wheel. When the freewheel is moved in the forward direction it locks itself with the immovable part of the inner wheel on the inner side which in turn is connected to the rear wheel to move the cycle wheel in the forward direction. It also permits the rear wheel to move freely in the forward direction independently, like when coming down a steep road. The intricate working of the freewheel also consists of the ball bearings, two small springs or tempered wires and two small bits in position to enforce a locking arrangement time and again as the case may be. Hence, on the principles of the freewheel a suitably designed freewheel can be manufactured to suit the requirement, as the case may be. In all cases it must be noted that the outer part (movable part) of the freewheel has to be connected to the turbine side or the powered side causing the centralized shaft to finally rotate the rotor in the stator of the generator, while the inner part (immovable part) is connected to the generator side so as to provide independent movement when needed.

When this 4 MW modified generator starts to function it will rotate the additional centralized shaft by rotating the freewheel which in turn, turns the modified centralized shaft to finally turn the rotor in the stator of the generator to produce electricity. Now this energized 4MW generator plant happens to supply the WAG 9 loco with its supply of OHE current. The loco on being energized is powered to run its 6 traction motors, which in turn rotates the centralized shaft. When the loco is in operation it powers the traction motors to turn the centralized shaft at a higher speed than the 4 MW power plant. The plant's power is to be gradually cut off (whether steam, diesel or any other power used) from the generator by gradually reducing the steam to the turbine. But the 4 MW generator continues to work (in spite of the steam power being cut off) with its own power supply rotating the centralized shaft from only the inner part of the freewheel onwards, and cannot be stopped due to a completed circuit in effect. The only way of stopping the plant is to

break the circuit or by shutting down the loco. This modified arrangement is applicable to a thermal power plant, a diesel power plant, a hydro power station, a nuclear power station, etc. The main benefits are it reduces the storage area required to store raw material like coal, diesel etc to an enormous extent. Air pollution is also reduced to a large extent as smoke is emitted only for the first few minutes till taken over by the produced energy of the same generator. Finally initial expenditure for setting up a plant is much lesser and running cost almost nil.

Hydro power stations

Hydro power stations use rain water that's stored at high levels (mountainous areas) which has a potential of hidden energy and has to be suitably engineered to get the maximum output from the flow of water to provoke the movement of a wheel, which is known as the turbine. This turbine or wheel induces mobility of a conductor loop in between a powerful magnetic field resulting in the production of electrical energy. Thus kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy and finally into electrical energy with the help of magnetism. Hydroppwer is considered to be the most economical process of generating electricity. But the initial costs are highly expensive and with the monsoon becoming undependable an alternative method has to be the only solution.

If huge swimming pools are provided in five star hotels on the topmost floor of its construction for the benefit of its customers, surely a storage of water could be made _* available on the topmost floor of any highly constructed building. Hence we don't have to go to mountainous regions to construct a hydro power station. Maybe from a suitably high building, which is of pillar construction where a huge overhead tank is provided should suffice.

The building should be constructed to a height so as to have the required potential energy to operate the hydraulic turbines according to the type of generator used. The water after running the turbine instead of being wasted should be directed to a huge sump to hold the same equivalent of the water of the overhead tank and its roof could be concreted to be

used for a parking space. The water from the sump should be pumped back to the overhead tank to restart the plant whenever needed.

In all hydro plants the construction of the plant has to be on the same principle of the thermal power station as already mentioned earlier as in the 4 MW thermal power plant. (where just before the generator, is the additional centralized shaft with its traction motors with its pinions connected to the 3 gear wheels of the additional centralized shaft and then the freewheel which is connected to the turbine side in such a manner that once the plant starts functioning it is taken over by the traction motors of the WAG 9 as already mentioned, to continue its working or in other words to be run with the electrical energy of the same generator).

Nuclear power plants

These nuclear plants which are becoming more common day by day to cope up with the increasing demand for more and more electricity is being entertained because of its cheap running cost, though the initial cost of the project being expensive. The biggest disadvantage is the disposal of the radioactive wastes of these plants, which give out large quantity as gamma rays etc at high energy level. It's best that such power plants are not put into usage due to the high risk factor involved in the name of advancement. In such nuclea? power plants the same principle or method as discussed earlier is to be followed. Where the additional shaft consisting of a freewheel, 6 traction motors and 3 gear wheels of suitable ratio are fixed to produce the desired results, just before the generator.

Windpower

Wind power has been one of the cheapest ways of producing electricity and it has been in use in many countries for a long time and has been termed as windmills. India in recent years after a study of wind in various parts of the country have decided on certain areas where the wind are constant for long periods of the year and have decided on having multi bladed turbine wheels for the purpose of producing electricity.

It should be noted that whatever be the source of energy or the force used to turn the windmill or multi bladed turbine wheel, it has to finally revolve the rotor in the stator of a big or small generator or alternator. It is almost impossible to have such wind powered windmills or multi bladed turbine wheels in the city where the wind is hardly available.

5 This could be made possible by making use of this method in cases where the hollow blades are of 25 meters in diameter arranged on a tower. The air passes from the hollow chimney to the hollow blade ends and due to centrifugal force the blades rotate. As the air passes into the tower it drives the windmill, which is coupled to an alternator or generator. When the speed of the wind is between 40 kmph to 80 kmph an output of reasonable _{j Q} amount of current can be obtained.

Railway electrical multiple units have much of their braking system and various other equipments and gadgets maintained by the air pressure of compressors, having an air pressure of 6.5 to 7 kgs in their reservoirs, which is automatically regulated even when the pressure drops. But there are compressors in the market that have larger storing capacity I r and also higher air pressure.

Since having compressors of higher air pressure and storage, we could definitely supply the required air for the wind turbine that takes its air (wind) through the hollow chimney. That is by releasing the air that is stored in the reservoir by the air compressor or compressors. If need be all the inlets of the hollow chimney be sealed off except for the 0 inlets of the compressor so that finally air finds its way out through the end of the hollow blade ends causing rotation of the blades of the wind turbine that is coupled with an alternator or generator to produce the desired electricity or if used externally on multi blades they are directed suitably on the blades within an external box that encloses the blades for maximum results.

How to start it working:

The compressor or compressors that are put to usage as the case may be, should have their storage reservoirs filled to its maximum, by connecting its plug or leads to a local electrical supply that is made available. Once the compressor or compressors are put to use and a maximum supply of electricity is produced by the alternator or generator the plug from the local plug point should be removed and plugged into the facility that is made available on this wind power station, so that it becomes self sufficient working on its own power supply. When the power plant is to be stopped it should be stopped only when the compressors reservoirs are full. This is for starting of the wind power station with its stored up energy. In other words, later on the compressors are opened up for usage and on the production of electricity the compressors automatically begins to work when the pressure drops keeping the wind power or alternator or generator running.

Electric power stations

Electrical energy is the best form of energy that can be put to use in the coming years. It is the cleanest form of energy and the least occupier of space. Keeping this in mind the provisional specification has been registered since any number of power stations can be built in a very small area with a minimum initial expenditure in comparison to other power plants. Lets say a 4 MW power plant is in operation in area Y, this same plant could be made use of to run a number of electrical power stations in various other areas such as B, C, D and E to meet the requirements of those industrial areas. All such electrical power stations such as B, C, D, and E can run with the following as its minimum equipment. A suitable generator as desired, the rotor of which is connected to the extended centralized shaft with its 6 traction motors whose pinions are meshed with the gear wheels of the centralized shaft as usual. But the end of this shaft being connected to a second shaft of minimum length that passes through a roller bearing fixed or clamped on a mounted pillar next to which is the flywheel of suitable weight and ending up with another roller bearing fixed in a similar manner. Now if the WAG 9 locos operated with the power supplied from

area Y it will put the 6 traction motors into operation turning the flywheel and the rotor in the stator of the generator to produce the desired electricity. With the help of bus bars and couplers the said electrical power stations B, C, D and E can also run on its own electrical power as explained in most of the previous power stations.

It is beyond doubt that electricity is another source of energy that can be used to produce electric current. Hence such power plants may be called electrical power stations which are those stations where electrical current that is produced by a generator elsewhere is made use of as a source of energy through electrical motors to turn the rotor in the stator of a generator to produce the desired electricity.

^* Electrical power stations are those stations that use electricity or electric current to run their generator or generators or even if with its source of produced electrical energy or electrical current to produce electricity. Hence I would say that electrical power no longer remains a problem of concern for mankind.

Note: in all places it has been referred to traction motors and the WAG 9 only for explanation. Actually suitably designed electric motors and a well-designed control panel board is all that may be needed.

Brief description of drawings:

Fig 1:1A 1 depicts a line diagram of a thermal power station, l.coal storage, 2.coal handling, 3.boiler, 4.superheater, 5A turbine, β.condensor, 7.cooling tower,

8,cold water circulating pump, 9.condensate extraction pump, lO.low pressure feed water heater, 11. boiler feed water pump, 12.high pressure feed water heater, B.ash handling plant, Rash storage, 15.air heater, lό.chimney, B, C the joint connecting the generator D. IA depicts the above separated at joint BC in such a manner that generator

D with joint C, is seen wide apart from joint B.

2 depicts additional shaft E with fixed (amalgamated) gears F, G, H, linked with pinions O, P, Q ₅ R ₅ S and T of traction motors I ₃ J, K, L, M, N and beyond is seen joint C. On the other side is seen joint B connected to E shaft by freewheel UV.

2 A depicts a line _, diagram of thermal power station l.coldstorage 2. coal handling, 3.boiler ₅ 4. superheater, 5A turbine, ό.condensor, 7.cooling tower, δ.cold water circulating pump, 9.condensate extraction pump, lO.low pressure feed water heater, 11. boiler feed water pump, 12.high pressure feed water heater, 13. ash handling plant, 14.ash storage, 15. air heater, lό.chimney through which the smoke is emitted into the atmosphere. B joints connects E extended shaft (additional shaft) through U and V (freewheel). F rear wheel connects pinions O and P of traction motor I and J ₅ G gear wheel connects pinions Q and R of traction motors K and L and H gear wheel connects pinions of S and T of traction motors M and N all of which are powered by lengthy cables of W WAG 9 loco getting its electrical power from X (OHE supply) to finally rotate the rotor in the stator of D generator.

3 depicts a line diagram of a electrical power station. V roller bearings, A flywheel, U roller bearings B joint, F, G, H gears (amalgamated), linked with pinions O, P, Q ₃ R, S ₅ T of traction motors I, J ₅ K, L ₅ M ₅ N and joint C connected to the rotor and stator of D generator. Below W suitably designed control panel for operating traction motors.

Detailed description of drawings:

Fig 1 depicts the functions of a line diagram of a 4 MW power station. 1 Cold storage through a conveyor belt supplies the coal to 2 coal handling where the coal is powdered and supplied to the furnace that heats 3 boiler where steam is produced and passes to 4 super heater to 5 A turbine. The super heated steam passes through the turbine blades at

_* very high pressure causing it to rotate, converting heat energy to mechanical energy.In this process the rotor of the turbine 5 A that is connected through shaft BC to the rotor in the støtor of D generator causes the necessary movement to produce electricity, according to its manufacture. Whereas the steam decreases and its volume increases after imparting energy to the turbine rotor it passes out of the turbine blades to the condenser 6, from

10 where it passes through 7 cooling tower and pumped by 8 cold water circulating pump.

The water is then drawn by the condensate extraction pump which further passes it through a low pressure feed water heater 10 to the boiler feed water pump 11 on to the high pressure feed water heater 12 to the boiler 3. (This method of taking out steam from the turbines for feed water heating is called bleeding of turbines, which increases the overall _{j <} - efficiency of the boiler). The remains or ash after the coal is burnt in the furnace is taken care by the ash handling plant 13 to 14 ash storage, where it is disposed off. Where still minute particles with the smoke remains when coal is burnt passes through the air heater 15 to the chimney 16 into the atmosphere.

Fig IA depicts line diagram of the 4MW thermal power station as given above - separated 0 at its joint BC where generator B is seen apart with its joint C.

Fig 2 depicts ike additional shaft E that has gear wheels F, G, Ff, of suitable size (amalgamated) fixed on it, that are meshed or linked with pinions O- P, Q, R ₅ S, T of traction motors I, J, K, L, M and N. These traction motors have to be fixed in such a manner that they face the turbine side or the powered side, before which is freewheel UV ₅ 5 beyond which is joint B, at the other extreme end is joint C..

Fig 2A depicts a 4 MW power station as already explained in figure 1 that when in operation turns heat energy into mechanical energy that causes the rotor of the turbine 5A to rotate due to high pressure steam passing through its blades at high velocity. The rotation of the rotor of turbine 5A causes the additional shaft E also to rotate since connected through B joint and UV freewheel. The rotation of the shaft E causes gear wheels F, G, H to also rotate. Since F, G, H gear wheels are meshed or linked with pinions O, P, Q, R, S, T they are also forced to rotate. Finally showing as if traction motors I, J, K, L ₅ M and N are in operation. They are forced to do so since being powered by 4 MW power stations turbine 5A. When this 4 MW power station attains its peak power supply. The W WAG 9 loco that gets its power supply from this plant through OHE line X energizes the W ₅ WAG 9 loco. The W ₅ WAG 9 loco that has all its traction motors I ₅ J, K, L, M and N removed and fixed on the either side of the additional shaft E , connected through its gear wheels F, G ₅ H and pinions O ₅ P ₅ Q ₅ R ₃ S ₅ T begins to operate through lengthy cables. Simultaneously powering, when the W WAG 9 loco powers its traction motors I ₅ J, K, L ₅ M and N to a little higher speed to that of the 4 MW thermal power plant

Now the 4 MW thermal power plant is permitted to gradually cut off its steam supply to its 5A turbine until totally cut off. But it will be found that the generator D continues its power supply and doesn't get affected due to being powered by traction motors I ₅ J ₅ K ₅ L, M and N which cannot be stopped due to a completed circuit in existence and another reason is due to the speed of electric current that travels almost as fast as the speed of light.

It should be also noted that the shaft only from the inner part of the freewheel V to the rotor in the stator of D generator will be in operation. Hence the 4 MW generator power plant can only be stopped by breaking its circuit or by shutting down W, the WAG 9 loco.

Fig 3 depicts the thermal, hydro or diesel power station elsewhere named Y ₅ that happens to supply this electrical power station with the necessary 25KV supply or desired power to operate the W ₅ WAG 9 loco or control panel whose traction motors I, J ₅ K ₅ L, M and N which when run, rotates its pinions O, P ₅ Q, R, S ₅ T which in turn rotates the suitable designed gears F ₅ G ₅ H of the centralized shaft causing it to rotate. Which in turn through its joint B and roller bearings U and V turns the flywheel A for more stability. Which

finally through its joint C turns the rotor in the stator of D generator, producing the desired electricity. Thereby setting up electrical power stations or electrical power plants becomes the cheapest and cleanest method of producing electricity.