Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

THIN WHEEL WITH GLASS REINFORCING MEMBER

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following is directed to an abrasive article, and particularly, to a bonded abrasive article with an abrasive portion having an abrasive portion and a reinforcing member. BACKGROUND ART

Bonded abrasive articles, such as abrasive wheels, can be used for cutting, grinding, or shaping various materials. The industry continues to demand improved bonded abrasive articles having a low wear, high edge stability and extended life time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 includes a flowchart illustrating a process of forming an abrasive article in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 2 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of an abrasive.

FIG. 3 includes an illustration of a top view illustration of a woven reinforcing member.

FIG. 4 includes FTIR signatures of the resin overlying various reinforcing member substrates.

FIG. 5 includes GC/MS FTIR signatures of the resin overlying various reinforcing member substrates.

FIGs. 6a-d includes cross sections of abrasive wheels.

FIGs. 7a and 7b include extension vs. load curve for various abrasive articles during a 3 point bending test.

FIG. 8a includes an illustration of a leno weave.

FIG. 8b includes an image of a leno weave.

FIG. 9a includes an illustration of a straight weave.

FIG. 9b includes an image of a straight weave.

FIG. 10 includes a plot of the energy release rate for various sample abrasive articles during a 90° peel off test.

FIG. 11 includes load vs. extension curves for various sample abrasive articles during a 90° peel off test.

FIGs. 12a and 12b include illustrations of cross-sectional views of abrasives.

FIGs. 13a and 13b includes images of abrasive articles according to an embodiment after use. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

FIGs. 13c and 13d include images of abrasive articles after use.

FIG. 14 includes an image of an abrasive article after use.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

The following description in combination with the figures is provided to assist in understanding the teachings provided herein. The following disclosure will focus on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings. This focus is provided to assist in describing the teachings and should not be interpreted as a limitation on the scope or applicability of the teachings. However, other teachings can certainly be used in this application.

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including, “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is not necessarily limited only to those features but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive-or and not to an exclusive-or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

Also, the use of “a” or “an” is employed to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural, or vice versa, unless it is clear that it is meant otherwise. For example, when a single item is described herein, more than one item may be used in place of a single item. Similarly, where more than one item is described herein, a single item may be substituted for that more than one item.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. To the extent that certain details regarding specific materials and processing acts are not described, such details may include conventional approaches, which may be found in reference books and other sources within the manufacturing arts.

Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to abrasive articles including a body including a bond material, and abrasive particles contained within the bond material. The Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 abrasive portion can also include a reinforced woven material within the bond material. The bond material can include a bulk molding compound.

The abrasive articles described in embodiments herein can be suitable for conducting material removal operations on various types of workpieces, including for example, but not limited to, metal, glass, etc.

FIG. 1 includes a flowchart illustrating a process of forming an abrasive article in accordance with an embodiment. At step 101, a mixture can be formed, including a bond material, abrasive particles, and optionally other additives. In an embodiment, the mixture does not include pore-forming materials.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include abrasive particles that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles may include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, superabrasives, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the abrasive particles may include a vitreous phase, a polycrystalline phase, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the abrasive particles may include of a shaped abrasive particle, constant thickness abrasive particle, randomly shaped abrasive particle, agglomerates including binder and abrasive particles, a blend of different types of abrasive particles having at least one different abrasive characteristic, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may include sol gel alumina. . In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles can comprise brown fused alumina. In a more particular embodiment, the abrasive particles can consist of brown fused alumina. In an embodiment, the abrasive particles can comprise AI2O3, SiO2, Fe2Os, CaO, TiC>2, or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include abrasive particles of a particular median particle size, D50a that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment D50 a can be at least 400 microns, or at least 425 microns, or at least 450 microns, or at least 475 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 525 microns, or at least 550 microns, or at least 575 microns, or at least 600 microns, or at least 625 microns, or at least 650 microns. In an embodiment, D50a can be not greater than 1000 microns, or not greater than 975 microns, or not greater than 950 microns, or not greater than 925 microns, or not greater than 900 microns, or not greater than 875 microns, or not greater than 850 microns, or not greater than 825 microns, or not greater than 800 microns, or not greater than 775 microns, or not greater than 750 microns, or not greater than 725 microns, or not greater than 700 microns, or not greater than 675 microns, or not greater than 650 Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 microns. It will be appreciated that D50a may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include abrasive particles with a particular Mohs hardness that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a Mohs hardness of not greater than 16, or not greater than 14, or not greater than 12. In another embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a Mohs hardness of at least of at least 7, or at least 8, or at least 9. It will be appreciated that the Mohs hardness the abrasive particles may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 7 and not greater than 16, at least 8 and not greater than 14, or at least 9 and not greater than 12.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include a particular content of abrasive particles that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mixture may include at least 3 vol% abrasive particles for a total volume of the mixture, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the mixture may include includes not greater than 85 vol% abrasive particles for a total volume of the mixture, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 10 vol% and not greater than 70 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, and not greater than 60 vol%, or at least 35 vol% and not greater than 50 vol%. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture may include at least 38 vol% and not greater than 44 vol% abrasive particles.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include a particular content of bond material that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mixture may include at least 3 vol% bond material for a total volume of the mixture, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the mixture may include includes not greater than 85 vol% bond for a total volume of the mixture, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 48%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 20 vol% and not greater than 45 vol%.

In an embodiment the bond material may include particular materials that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the bond material may include a bulk molding compound. In an embodiment, the bond material may include a thermoset polymer, a thermoplastic polymer, or a combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, the thermoset polymer may include a polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, an epoxy resin, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the bond material may include a phenol-formaldehyde resin. In an embodiment, the bond material may include a novolac resin.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include a particular content of thermoset polymer that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mixture may include at least 3 vol% thermoset polymer for a total volume of the mixture, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the mixture may include includes not greater than 85 vol% thermoset polymer for a total volume of the mixture, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 48%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 20 vol% and not greater than 45 vol%.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include other additives, including for example, fibers, pore formers, fillers, etc.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include a particular content of filler that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mixture may include at least 5 vol% thermoset polymer, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 12 vol%, or at least 15 vol%. In an embodiment, the mixture may include not greater than 35 vol% filler, or not greater than 32%, or not greater than 30%, or not greater than 25%. It will be appreciated that the vol% of filler in the mixture may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 5 vol% and not greater than 35 vol%, or at least 12 vol% and not greater than 30 vol%.

In some embodiments, the mixture may include an additive such as fibers. In certain embodiments, the fibers may include glass. In some embodiments, the fibers can include chopped strand fibers. In some embodiments, the fibers may be uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the bond material.

In an embodiment the mixture may include a particular content of fibers that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mixture may include at least 1 vol% fibers, at least 2 vol%, at least 3 vol%, at least 4 vol%, or at least 5 vol%. In an embodiment, the mixture may include not greater than 20 vol% fibers, or not greater than 19 vol%, not greater than 18 vol%, not greater than 17 vol%, not greater than 16 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% of fibers in the mixture may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 1 vol% and not greater than 20 vol%, or at least 5 vol% and not greater than 15 vol%.

In an embodiment, the mixture may include fibers of a particular size that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article.

In an embodiment, the bond material and abrasive particles may be mixed under particular mixing conditions that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in an embodiment, the mixture as formed at a particular rate to suitably distribute the abrasive particles, the bond material, and any other additives Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 contained within the mixture. In an embodiment, the mixture may be mixed using double planetary mixing. In an embodiment, the mixing may be low shear mixing.

In an embodiment mixing may occur for a particular duration that may suitably distribute the bond material, abrasive particles, and any other additives contained within the mixture. For example, in an embodiment, the mixing may occur for at least 5 minutes, at least 7, at least 9, minutes, at least 11 minutes, at least 13 minutes, or at least 15 minutes. In another embodiment, mixing may occur for not greater than 30 minutes, not greater than 35 minutes, not greater than 40 minutes, or not greater than 45 minutes. It will be appreciated that mixing may occur.

In an embodiment mixing may occur at particular temperatures that facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in an embodiment, the mixing may occur at a temperature of not greater than 85 °C, not greater than 87 °C, not greater than 90 °C, not greater than 92 °C, or not greater than 95 °C.

At step 102 of FIG. 1, the mixture can be pressed into a green abrasive portion. The green abrasive portion can be in the shape of a wheel.

The mixture may be pressed with a particular pressure that may facilitate improved performance or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the mixture may be pressed with a pressure of at least 30 bar or at least 31 bar or at least 32 bar or at least 33 bar or at least 34 bar or at least 35 bar or at least 36 bar or at least 37 bar or at least 38 bar or at least 39 bar or at least 40 bar or at least 41 bar or at least 42 bar or at least 43 bar or at least 44 bar or at least 45 bar or at least 46 bar or at least 47 bar or at least 48 bar or at least 50 bar. In an embodiment, the mixture may be pressed with a pressure of no greater than 275 bar, or no greater than 270 bar, or no greater than 265 bar, or no greater than 260 bar, or no greater than 255 bar, or no greater than 250 bar, or no greater than 245 bar, or no greater than 240 bar, or no greater than 235 bar, or no greater than 230 bar, or no greater than 225 bar, or no greater than 220 bar, or no greater than 215 bar, or no greater than 210 bar, or no greater than 205 bar, or no greater than 200 bar, or no greater than 195 bar, or no greater than 190 bar, or no greater than 185 bar, or no greater than 180 bar, or no greater than 175 bar, or no greater than 170 bar, or no greater than 165 bar, or no greater than 160 bar, or no greater than 155 bar, or no greater than 150 bar, or no greater than 145 bar, or no greater than 140 bar, or no greater than 135 bar, or no greater than 130 bar, or no greater than 125 bar. It will be appreciated that the pressure may be between any of the minimum and maximum values Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 noted above, including for example, but not limited to at least 30 bar and no greater than 180 bar or at least 50 bar and no greater than 175 bar.

In an embodiment, shaping the mixture can include warm pressing. In certain embodiments, warm pressing may be used to shape the mixture into a green body, which may be converted into an abrasive article through further processing. In alternative embodiments, warm pressing may be used to shape the mixture into a finally formed abrasive portion.

In an embodiment warm pressing may occur at particular temperatures that facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in an embodiment, the warm pressing may occur at a temperature of not greater than 100 °C, not greater than 95 °C, not greater than 90 °C, not greater than 85 °C, not greater than 80 °C, not greater than 75 °C, or not greater than 70 °C, or not greater than 65 °C, or not greater than 60 °C, or not greater than 55 °C, or not greater 50 °C. In another embodiment, the warm pressing may occur at a temperature of at least 25 °C, or at least 30 °C, or at least 35 °C, or at least 40 °C, or at least 45 °C. It will be appreciated than the warm pressing may occur at a temperature between any of the minimum and maximum values listed above, including but not limited to, at least 25 °C but not greater than 70 °C, at least 30 °C but not greater than 60 °C, or at least 40 °C but not greater than 50 °C.

In an embodiment warm pressing may include holding the maximum pressing at a particular pressure to facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in an embodiment, the maximum pressing force may be at least 1000 psi, or at least 1250 psi, or at least 1500 psi, or at least 1750 psi, or at least 2000 psi. In another embodiment, the maximum pressing force may be not greater than 7360 psi, or not greater than 6500 psi, or not greater than 6000 psi, or not greater than 5500 psi, or not greater than 5000 psi, or not greater than 4908 psi, or not greater than 4250 psi, or not greater than 3700 psi. It will be appreciated than the maximum pressing may occur with a pressure between any of the minimum and maximum values listed above, including but not limited to, at least 1000 psi but not greater than 7360 psi, at least 1500 psi but not greater than 5000 psi, or at least 2000 psi, but not greater than 3700 psi.

In an embodiment, the pressing may include uniaxial warm pressing. In another embodiment, pressing may include isostatic pressing.

In an embodiment, the green body can include a porosity of not greater than 20 vol% for a total volume of the body or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 12 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%, or not greater than 5 vol%, or not greater Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 than 3 vol%. In certain embodiments, the green body can include essentially no porosity. In certain embodiments, the green body can include a porosity of at least 0.1 vol%, or at least 0.5 vol%, or at least 1 vol%, or at least 1.5 vol%, or at least 2 vol%. It will be appreciated that the porosity of the abrasive portion may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 0.1 vol% and not greater than 20 vol%, at least 0.5 vol% and not greater than 10 vol%, or at least 1 vol% and not greater than 3 vol%.

At step 103 of FIG. 1, the green abrasive portion can be cured to form an abrasive article. The abrasive article can comprise a bonded abrasive portion comprising secondary abrasive particles contained in a bond material. In an embodiment, the green abrasive portion may be cured at a particular temperature that may facilitate improved performance or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the green abrasive portion can be cured at a temperature of at least 150 °C, or at least 152 °C, or at least 154 °C, or at least 156 °C, or at least 158 °C, or at least 160 °C, or at least 161 °C, or at least 162 °C, or at least 163 °C at least 164 °C, or at least 165 °C, or at least 166 °C, or at least 167 °C, or at least 168 °C, or at least 169 °C, or at least 170 °C, or at least 175°C, or at least 180°C, or at least 185°C. In an embodiment, the green abrasive portion can be cured at a temperature of not greater than 250 °C, or not greater than 245 °C, or not greater than 240 °C, or not greater than 235 °C, or not greater than 230 °C, or not greater than 225 °C, or no greater than 220 °C, or no greater than 215 °C, or no greater than 210 °C, or no greater than 205 °C, or no greater than 200 °C, or no greater than 195 °C, or no greater than 190 °C, or no greater than 185 °C, or no greater than 180 °C, or no greater than 175 °C. It will be appreciated that the curing temperature may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 150 °C and no greater than 200 °C, or at least 158 °C and no greater than 175 °C.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include abrasive particles that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles can include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, superabrasives, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the abrasive particles may include a vitreous phase, a polycrystalline phase, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the abrasive particles may include of a shaped abrasive particle, constant thickness abrasive particle, randomly shaped abrasive particle, agglomerates including binder and abrasive particles, a blend of different types of abrasive particles having at least one Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 different abrasive characteristic or any combination thereof. In a further embodiment, the abrasive particles may include sol gel alumina. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles can comprise brown fused alumina. In a more particular embodiment, the abrasive particles can consist of brown fused alumina. In an embodiment, the abrasive particles can comprise AI2O3, SiCh, FeiCh, CaO, TiCh, or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include abrasive particles of a particular median particle size, D50a that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment D50 a can be at least 400 microns, or at least 425 microns, or at least 450 microns, or at least 475 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 525 microns, or at least 550 microns, or at least 575 microns, or at least 600 microns, or at least 625 microns, or at least 650 microns. In an embodiment, D50a can be not greater than 1000 microns, or not greater than 975 microns, or not greater than 950 microns, or not greater than 925 microns, or not greater than 900 microns, or not greater than 875 microns, or not greater than 850 microns, or not greater than 825 microns, or not greater than 800 microns, or not greater than 775 microns, or not greater than 750 microns, or not greater than 725 microns, or not greater than 700 microns, or not greater than 675 microns, or not greater than 650 microns. It will be appreciated that D50a may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include abrasive particles with a particular Mohs hardness that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a Mohs hardness of not greater than 16, or not greater than 14, or not greater than 12. In another embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a Mohs hardness of at least of at least 7, or at least 8, or at least 9. It will be appreciated that the Mohs hardness the abrasive particles may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 7 and not greater than 16, at least 8 and not greater than 14, or at least 9 and not greater than 12.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include a particular content of abrasive particles that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include at least 3 vol% abrasive particles for a total volume of the abrasive portion, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the abrasive article may include includes not greater than 85 vol% abrasive particles for a total volume of the abrasive portion, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 44 vol%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 38 vol% and not greater than 44 vol%.

In an embodiment the abrasive particles may have a particular orientation or distribution that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a random distribution within the bond material. In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a random orientation relative to any surfaces of the abrasive article.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include a particular content of bond material that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include at least 3 vol% bond material for a total volume of the abrasive portion, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the abrasive portion may include includes not greater than 85 vol% bond for a total volume of the abrasive portion, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 48%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 20 vol% and not greater than 45 vol%.

In an embodiment the bond may include particular materials that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 bond material may include a bulk molding compound. In an embodiment, the bond material may include a thermoset polymer, a thermoplastic polymer, or a combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, the thermoset polymer may include a polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, an epoxy resin, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the bond material may include a phenol-formaldehyde resin. In an embodiment, the bond material may include a novolac resin.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include a particular content of thermoset polymer that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include at least 3 vol% thermoset polymer for a total volume of the abrasive portion, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the abrasive portion may include includes not greater than 85 vol% thermoset polymer for a total volume of the abrasive portion, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 48%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 20 vol% and not greater than 45 vol%.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include other additives, including for example, fibers, pore formers, fillers, etc. In an embodiment, the fillers can include potassium aluminum fluoride.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include a particular content of filler that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include at least 5 vol% filler, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 12 vol%, or at least 15 vol%. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include not greater than 35 vol% filler, or not greater than 32%, or not greater than 30%, or not greater than 25%. It will be appreciated that the vol% of filler in the abrasive portion may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 5 vol% and not greater than 35 vol%, or at least 12 vol% and not greater than 30 vol%.

In some embodiments, the abrasive portion may include an additive such as fibers. In certain embodiments, the fibers may include glass. In some embodiments, the fibers can include chopped strand fibers. In some embodiments, the fibers may be uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the bond material.

In an embodiment the abrasive portion may include a particular content of fibers that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include at least 1 vol% fibers, at least 2 vol%, at least 3 vol%, at least 4 vol%, or at least 5 vol%. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include not greater than 20 vol% fibers, or not greater than 19 vol%, not greater than 18 vol%, not greater than 17 vol%, not greater than 16 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% of fibers in the abrasive portion may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 1 vol% and not greater than 20 vol%, or at least 5 vol% and not greater than 15 vol%.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include fibers of a particular size that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the fibers may have an of an average length of at least 0.02 inches, or at least 0.04 inches, or at least 0.06 inches, or at least 0.08 inches, or at least 0.1 inch. In another embodiment, the fibers may have an average length of not greater than 0.15 inches, or not greater 0.18 inches, or not greater than 0.2 inches, or not greater than 0.22 inches, or not greater than 0.25 inches. It will be appreciated than the average length of the fibers may be between any of the minimum and maximum values listed above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 0.02 inches and bot greater than 0.25 inches, or at least 0.08 inches and not greater than 0.2 inches, or at least 0.1 inch and not greater than 0.15 inches.

In certain embodiments, the abrasive portion may be made up multiple portions. In certain embodiments, the abrasive portion may include a combination of abrasive portions and one or more reinforcing members disposed within the body in between abrasive portions.

FIG. 2 includes a cross-sectional view of an abrasive article according to an embodiment. The abrasive article 200 can include a body 201, which may be defined by a first surface 202, a second surface 203, and a side surface 204 extending between the first surface 202 and the second surface 203. The body 201 may include a first abrasive portion Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

205, a second abrasive portion 206, and a reinforcing member 207 disposed between the first abrasive portion 205 and second abrasive portion 206. As further illustrated, the body 201 may include a central opening 208 extending between the first surface 202 and second surface 203 through the entire thickness. The body 201 may include an average thickness (t) and an average diameter (D).

It will be appreciated that the abrasive portions may have the properties of any of the abrasive bodies described herein, including for example, the content of the abrasive particles, the content of the bond materials, the content and type of additives, and the like.

In one embodiment, the first abrasive portion and the second abrasive portion may include the same type of abrasive particles. In other embodiments, the first abrasive portion and the second abrasive portion may include different types of abrasive particles.

In one embodiment, the first abrasive portion and the second abrasive portion may include the same bond material. In other embodiments, the first abrasive portion and the second abrasive portion may include different bond materials.

It will be appreciated that an abrasive portion can include any number of abrasive portions and reinforcing members. For example, a body can include 2 abrasive portions and 1 reinforcing member, 2 abrasive portions and 2 reinforcing members, or 3 abrasive portions and 2 reinforcing members.

In an embodiment, the abrasive article can also include a fine back layer including fine back abrasive particles and a fine back bond material. FIGs. 4a and 4b include example embodiments including finback layers. The abrasive articles include abrasive portions 205, reinforcing members 207, and finback layers 209. The fine back layer can be prepared in the same manner as the abrasive portions described above. In an embodiment, an abrasive article can have multiple fine back layers.

The abrasive article may have an average thickness, t that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may have a thickness of at least 1 mm, or at least 1.5 mm, or at least 2.5 mm, or at least 3 mm, or at least 3.5 mm, or at least 4 mm, or at least 4.5 mm, or at least 5 mm, or at least 5.5 mm, or at least 6 mm. In another embodiment the abrasive portion may have a thickness of less than 20 mm, or less than 19 mm, or less than 18 mm, or less than 17 mm, or less than 16 mm, or less than 15 mm, or less than 14 mm, or less than 13 mm, or less than 12 mm, or less than 11 mm, or less than 10 mm, or less than 9 mm, or less than 8 mm, or less than 7 mm, or less than 6 mm, or less than 5 mm. It will be appreciated that the thickness of Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 the abrasive portion can be within a range between any of the minimum and maxim values listed above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 1 mm, and not greater than 13 mm.

The abrasive portion may have an average thickness, tA, that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, tA may be at least 0.1 mm, or at least 0.2 mm, or at least 0.3 mm, or at least 0.4 mm, or at least 0.5 mm, or at least 0.6 mm, or at least 0.7 mm, or at least 0.8 mm, or at least 0.9 mm, or at least 1.0 mm, or at least 1.1 mm, or at least 1.2 mm, or at least 1.3 mm, or at least 1.4 mm, or at least 1.5 mm, or at least 1.6 mm, or at least 1.7 mm, or at least 1.8 mm, or at least 1.9 mm, or at least 2.0 mm, or at least 2.1 mm, or at least 2.2 mm, or at least 2.3 mm, or at least 2.4 mm, or at least 2.5 mm, or at least 2.6 mm, or at least 2.7 mm, or at least 2.8 mm, or at least 2.9 mm, or at least 3.0 mm, or at least 3.1 mm, or at least 3.2 mm, or at least 3.3 mm, or at least 3.4 mm, or at least 3.5 mm, or at least 3.6 mm, or at least 3.7 mm, or at least 3.8 mm, or at least 3.9 mm, or at least 4.0 mm, or at least 4.1 mm, or at least 4.2 mm, or at least 4.3 mm, or at least 4.4 mm, or at least 4.5 mm, or at least 4.6 mm, or at least 4.7 mm, or at least 4.8 mm, or at least 4.9 mm, or at least 5 mm. In an embodiment, tA may be less than 6 mm, or less than 5.9 mm, or less than 5.8 mm, or less than 5.7 mm, or less than 5.6 mm, or less than 5.5 mm, or less than 5.4 mm, or less than 5.3 mm, or less than 5.2 mm, or less than 5.1 mm, or less than 5.0 mm, or less than 4.9 mm, or less than 4.8 mm, or less than 4.7 mm, or less than 4.6 mm, or less than 4.5 mm, or less than 4.4 mm, or less than 4.3 mm, or less than 4.2 mm, or less than 4.1 mm, or less than 4.0 mm, or less than 3.9 mm, or less than 3.8 mm, or less than 3.7 mm, or less than 3.6 mm, or less than 3.5 mm, or less than 3.4 mm, or less than 3.3 mm, or less than 3.2 mm, or less than 3.1 mm, or less than 3.0 mm, or less than 2.9 mm, or less than 2.8 mm, or less than 2.7 mm, or less than 2.6 mm, or less than 2.5 mm, or less than 2.4 mm, or less than 2.3 mm, or less than 2.2 mm, or less than 2.1 mm, or less than 2.0 mm, or less than 1.9 mm, or less than 1.8 mm, or less than 1.7 mm, or less than 1.6 mm, or less than 1.5 mm, or less than 1.4 mm, or less than 1.3 mm, or less than 1.2 mm, or less than 1.1 mm, or less than 1.0 mm, or less than 0.9 mm, or less than 0.8 mm, or less than 0.7 mm, or less than 0.6 mm, or less than 0.5 mm, or less than 0.4 mm, or less than 0.3 mm, or less than 0.2 mm, or less than 0.1 mm. It will be appreciated that tA can be within a range between any of the minimum and maxim values listed above.

The fine back layer may have an average thickness, t _F that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, t| may be at Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 least 0.1 mm, or at least 0.2 mm, or at least 0.3 mm, or at least 0.4 mm, or at least 0.5 mm, or at least 0.6 mm, or at least 0.7 mm, or at least 0.8 mm, or at least 0.9 mm, or at least 1.0 mm, or at least 1.1 mm, or at least 1.2 mm, or at least 1.3 mm, or at least 1.4 mm, or at least 1.5 mm, or at least 1.6 mm, or at least 1.7 mm, or at least 1.8 mm, or at least 1.9 mm, or at least 2.0 mm, or at least 2.1 mm, or at least 2.2 mm, or at least 2.3 mm, or at least 2.4 mm, or at least 2.5 mm, or at least 2.6 mm, or at least 2.7 mm, or at least 2.8 mm, or at least 2.9 mm, or at least 3.0 mm, or at least 3.1 mm, or at least 3.2 mm, or at least 3.3 mm, or at least 3.4 mm, or at least 3.5 mm, or at least 3.6 mm, or at least 3.7 mm, or at least 3.8 mm, or at least 3.9 mm, or at least 4.0 mm, or at least 4.1 mm, or at least 4.2 mm, or at least 4.3 mm, or at least 4.4 mm, or at least 4.5 mm, or at least 4.6 mm, or at least 4.7 mm, or at least 4.8 mm, or at least 4.9 mm, or at least 5 mm. In an embodiment, tA may be less than 6 mm, or less than 5.9 mm, or less than 5.8 mm, or less than 5.7 mm, or less than 5.6 mm, or less than 5.5 mm, or less than 5.4 mm, or less than 5.3 mm, or less than 5.2 mm, or less than 5.1 mm, or less than 5.0 mm, or less than 4.9 mm, or less than 4.8 mm, or less than 4.7 mm, or less than 4.6 mm, or less than 4.5 mm, or less than 4.4 mm, or less than 4.3 mm, or less than 4.2 mm, or less than 4.1 mm, or less than 4.0 mm, or less than 3.9 mm, or less than 3.8 mm, or less than 3.7 mm, or less than 3.6 mm, or less than 3.5 mm, or less than 3.4 mm, or less than 3.3 mm, or less than 3.2 mm, or less than 3.1 mm, or less than 3.0 mm, or less than 2.9 mm, or less than 2.8 mm, or less than 2.7 mm, or less than 2.6 mm, or less than 2.5 mm, or less than 2.4 mm, or less than 2.3 mm, or less than 2.2 mm, or less than 2.1 mm, or less than 2.0 mm, or less than 1.9 mm, or less than 1.8 mm, or less than 1.7 mm, or less than 1.6 mm, or less than 1.5 mm, or less than 1.4 mm, or less than 1.3 mm, or less than 1.2 mm, or less than 1.1 mm, or less than 1.0 mm, or less than 0.9 mm, or less than 0.8 mm, or less than 0.7 mm, or less than 0.6 mm, or less than 0.5 mm, or less than 0.4 mm, or less than 0.3 mm, or less than 0.2 mm, or less than 0.1 mm. It will be appreciated that t _F can be within a range between any of the minimum and maxim values listed above.

The abrasive article can have a particular ratio t _F /tA that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, t _F /tA can be less than 1, or less than 0.95, or less than 0.9, or less than 0.85, or less than 0.8, or less than 0.75, or less than 0.7, or less than 0.65, or less than 0.6, or less than 0.55, or less than 0.5, or less than 0.45, or less than 0.4, or less than 0.35, or less than 0.3, or less than 0.25, or less than 0.2, or less than 0.15, or less than 0.1, or less than 0.05. In an embodiment, t _F /tA can be at least 0.05, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 least 0.35, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.45, or at least 0.5, or at least 0.55, or at least 0.6, or at least 0.65, or at least 0.7, or at least 0.75, or at least 0.8, or at least 0.85, or at least 0.9, or at least 0.95. It will be appreciated that t _F /tA can be within a range between any of the minimum and maxim values listed above.

The abrasive article can have a particular ratio t | /t that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, t _F /t can be less than 1, or less than 0.95, or less than 5, or less than 0.9, or less than 0.85, or less than 0.8, or less than 0.75, or less than 0.7, or less than 0.65, or less than 0.6, or less than 0.55, or less than 0.5, or less than 0.45, or less than 0.4, or less than 0.35, or less than 0.3, or less than 0.25, or less than 0.2, or less than 0.15, or less than 0.1, or less than 0.05. In an embodiment, t _F /t can be at least 0.05, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.35, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.45, or at least 0.5, or at least 0.55, or at least 0.6, or at least 0.65, or at least 0.7, or at least 0.75, or at least 0.8, or at least 0.85, or at least 0.9, or at least 0.95. It will be appreciated that t _F /t can be within a range between any of the minimum and maxim values listed above.

The abrasive portion may have an average diameter that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may have an average diameter of at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm, at least 20 mm, at least 25 mm, or at least 30 mm. In another embodiment, the abrasive portion may have an average diameter of not greater than 300 mm, not greater than 290 mm, not greater than 280 mm, not greater than 270 mm, not greater than 260 mm, or not greater than 250 mm. It will be appreciated that the diameter of the abrasive portion can be within a range between any of the minimum and maxim values listed above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 20 mm, and not greater than 300 mm.

It will be appreciated that an abrasive portion can include any number of abrasive portions and reinforcing members. For example, a body can include 2 abrasive portions and 1 reinforcing member, 2 abrasive portions and 2 reinforcing members, or 3 abrasive portions and 2 reinforcing members. As seen in FIG. 12a, an embodiment can have a construction comprising or consisting of reinforcing member/ abrasive portion/ reinforcing member/ fine back layer/ reinforcing member in that order. As seen in FIG. 12b, an embodiment can have a construction comprising or consisting of reinforcing member/ abrasive portion/ reinforcing member/ abrasive portion/ reinforcing member/ fine back layer/ reinforcing member in that Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 order. Abrasive articles can have combinations of abrasive portions, reinforcing members, and fine back layers in any order.

In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include fine back abrasive particles that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In a particular embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles can include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, super-abrasives, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may include a vitreous phase, a polycrystalline phase, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may include of a shaped abrasive particle, constant thickness abrasive particle, randomly shaped abrasive particle, agglomerates including binder and fine back abrasive particles, a blend of different types of fine back abrasive particles having at least one different abrasive characteristic or any combination thereof. In a further embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may include sol gel alumina. In a particular embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles can comprise brown fused alumina. In a more particular embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles can consist of brown fused alumina. In a particular embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles can comprise black aluminum oxide. In a more particular embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles can consist of black aluminum oxide. In an embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles can comprise AI2O3, SiC , Fe Ch, CaO, TiC , or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include fine back abrasive particles of a particular median particle size, D50f that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment D50f can be at no greater than D50a.

In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include fine back abrasive particles with a particular Mohs hardness that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may have a Mohs hardness of not greater than 16, or not greater than 14, or not greater than 12. In another embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may have a Mohs hardness of at least of at least 7, or at least 8, or at least 9. It will be appreciated that the Mohs hardness the fine back abrasive particles may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 7 and not greater than 16, at least 8 and not greater than 14, or at least 9 and not greater than 12.

In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include a particular content of fine back abrasive particles that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include at least 3 vol% fine back Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 abrasive particles for a total volume of the fine back layer, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the abrasive article may include includes not greater than 85 vol% fine back abrasive particles for a total volume of the fine back layer, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 44 vol%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 38 vol% and not greater than 44 vol%.

In an embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may have a particular orientation or distribution that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may have a random distribution within the fine back bond material. In an embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may have a random orientation relative to any surfaces of the abrasive article.

In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include a particular content of fine back bond material that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include at least 3 vol% fine back bond material for a total volume of the fine back layer, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the fine back layer may include includes not greater than 85 vol% fine back bond for a total volume of the fine back layer, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 48%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 20 vol% and not greater than 45 vol%.

In an embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may have a particular fine back abrasive particle size D50f that may facilitate improved performance and or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, D50f can be at least 20 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 80 microns, or at least 90 microns, or at least 100 microns, or at least 110 microns, or at least 120 microns, or at least 130 microns, or at least 140 microns, or at least 150 microns, or at least 160 microns, or at least 170 microns. In another embodiment D50f can be not greater than 350 microns, or not greater than 340 microns, or not greater than 330 microns, or not greater than 320 microns, or not greater than 310 microns, or not greater than 290 microns, or not greater than 280 microns, or not greater than 270 microns, or not greater than 260 microns, or not greater than 255 microns, or not greater than 250 microns, or not greater than 245 microns, or not greater than 240 microns, or not greater than 235 microns, or not greater than 230 microns, or not greater than 225 microns, or not greater than 220 microns, or not greater than 215 microns, or not greater than 210 microns, or not greater than 205 microns. It will be appreciated that D50f may be between any of the minimum or maximum values noted above.

In an embodiment, the fine back abrasive particles may have a particular fine back abrasive particle size D50f and the abrasive particles can have a median abrasive particle size D50a. The abrasive article can have a particular particle size ratio, D50f/D50a, that may facilitate improved manufacturing or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, D50f/D50a can be at least 0.05, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.35, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.45. In another embodiment D50f/D50a can be no greater than 1, or no greater than 0.95, or no greater than 0.9, or no greater than 0.85, or no greater than 0.8, or no greater than 0.75, or no greater than 0.7, or no greater than 0.65, or no greater than 0.6, or no greater than 0.55, or no greater than 0.5. It will be appreciated that D50f/D50a may be between any of the minimum or maximum values noted above.

In an embodiment the fine back bond material may include particular materials that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the fine back bond material may include a bulk molding compound. In an Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 embodiment, the fine back bond material may include a thermoset polymer, a thermoplastic polymer, or a combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, the thermoset polymer may include a polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, an epoxy resin, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the fine back bond material may include a phenol-formaldehyde resin. In an embodiment, the fine back bond material may include a novolac resin.

In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include a particular content of thermoset polymer that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include at least 3 vol% thermoset polymer for a total volume of the fine back layer, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 38%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the fine back layer may include not greater than 85 vol% thermoset polymer for a total volume of the fine back layer, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 48%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 20 vol% and not greater than 45 vol%.

In an embodiment, the fine back layer may include other additives, including for example, fibers, pore formers, fillers, etc. In an embodiment, the fillers can include potassium aluminum fluoride.

In one embodiment, the body 201 may include a reinforcing member. In an embodiment, the reinforcing member 207 may include a substrate including an organic or inorganic material. In certain embodiments, the reinforcing member includes glass fibers. In a particular embodiment, the reinforcing member includes substrate including a woven material comprising glass fibers. In an embodiment, the woven material can have a leno weave or a straight weave. In a particular embodiment, the reinforcing member can include a resin overlying the substrate. In an embodiment, the resin may comprise resole. In an embodiment, Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 the resin may comprise a phenolic resin. In an embodiment, the resin may comprise hexamethylenetetramine

In an embodiment, the resin may comprise CH2OH functional groups. In an embodiment, the woven material can have a leno weave.

The resin may comprise a particular hexamethylenetetramine content that may facilitate improved performance and/or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the resin may include at least 1 wt% hexamethylenetetramine, or at least 2 wt%, or at least 3 wt%, or at least 4 wt%, or at least 5 wt%, or at least 6 wt%, or at least 7 wt%, or at least 8 wt%, or at least 9 wt%, or at least 10 wt%. In an embodiment the resin may include no greater than 15 wt% hexamethylenetetramine, or no greater than 14 wt%, or no greater than 13 wt%, or no greater than 12 wt%, or no greater than 11 wt%, or no greater than 10 wt%, or no greater than 9 wt%, or no greater than 8 wt%, or no greater than 7 wt%, or no greater than 6 wt%, or no greater than 5 wt%. In an embodiment the resin hexamethylenetetramine content may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

The resin may have a particular glass transition temperature that may facilitate improved performance and or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment the resin can have a glass transition temperature of at least 180 °C, or at least 181 °C, or at least 182 °C, or at least 183 °C, or at least 184 °C, or at least 185 °C, or at least 186 °C, or at least

187 °C, or at least 188 °C, or at least 189 °C, or at least 190 °C, or at least 191 °C, or at least

192 °C, or at least 193 °C, or at least 194 °C, or at least 195 °C, or at least 196 °C, or at least

197 °C, or at least 198 °C, or at least 199 °C. In an embodiment the resin can have a glass transition temperature of not greater than 300 °C, or not greater than 290 °C, or not greater than 280 °C, or not greater than 270 °C, or not greater than 260 °C, or not greater than 250 °C, or not greater than 240 °C, or not greater than 230 °C, or not greater than 220 °C, or not greater than 210 °C. It will be appreciated that the glass transition temperature can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

In an embodiment, the resin may produce a particular Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) signature. Example FTIR signatures can be seen in FIG. 4. Peaks between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ are indicative of the presence of -CH2OH functional groups. Without wishing to be tied to any particular theory, it is believed that -CH2OH functional groups lead to a greater degree of cross-linking, providing for a better interface between the reinforcing member and abrasive portions of the abrasive portion. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

In an embodiment, the resin may produce a particular FTIR peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ that may facilitate improved manufacturing or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the resin can produce an FTIR peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ of at least 0.015 absorbance or at least 0.016 absorbance or at least 0.017 absorbance or at least 0.018 absorbance or at least 0.019 absorbance or at least 0.020 absorbance. In an embodiment, the resin can produce an FTIR peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ of no greater than 0.3 absorbance or no greater than 0.2 absorbance or no greater than 0.1 absorbance no greater than 0.09 absorbance no greater than 0.08 absorbance no greater than 0.07 absorbance no greater than 0.06 absorbance no greater than 0.05 absorbance no greater than 0.04 absorbance no greater than 0.03 absorbance. It will be appreciated that the height of the FTIR absorbance peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

In an embodiment, the resin may produce a particular gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) signature. GC-MS readings can be found in FIG. 5. Peaks in the 23- 26 range were identified. Such peaks correspond to 2, 2(4)'-Methylenebisphenol peaks indicating the existence of non cross-linked Methylenebisphenol. Less cross-linking leads to an inferior interface between the reinforcing member and abrasive portions of the abrasive portion. In an embodiment, the resin may not comprise any GC/MS PY600 peaks between 23 and 25 min of at least IxlO ⁶ . In an embodiment, the resin may not comprise 2, 2’- Methylenebis(phenol) or 2, 4’-Methylenebis(phenol); or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include a reinforcing member of a particular volume that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may include at least 1 vol% of the reinforcing member for a total volume of the body, or at least 2 vol% of the volume of the body, or at least 4 vol%, or at least 6 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%. In an alternate embodiment, the abrasive article may include includes not greater than 35 vol% of the reinforcing member for a total volume of the body or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%, or not greater than 5 vol%. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 1 vol% and not greater than 35 vol%, or at least 6 vol% and not greater than 20 vol%, or at least 10 vol% and not greater than 15 vol%. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion can include a porosity of not greater than 20 vol% for a total volume of the body, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 12 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%, or not greater than 5 vol%, or not greater than 3 vol%. In certain embodiments, the abrasive portion can include essentially no porosity. In certain embodiments, the abrasive portion can include a porosity of at least 0.1 vol%, or at least 0.5 vol%, or at least 1 vol%, or at least 1.5 vol%, or at least 2 vol%. It will be appreciated that the porosity of the abrasive portion may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 0.1 vol% and not greater than 20 vol%, at least 0.5 vol% and not greater than 10 vol%, or at least 1 vol% and not greater than 3 vol%. In an embodiment, the porosity can be isolated porosity. In another embodiment, the porosity can be interconnected porosity.

The reinforcing member 207 may be disposed with positions or orientations within the body 201 beyond that which is depicted in the embodiment of FIG 2. For example, in an embodiment the reinforcing member 207 may extend for a majority of a radius (half the diameter) of the body 201. In a particular embodiment, the reinforcing member may extend radially and circumferentially in the body 201 for a majority of a radius and a majority of a circumference of the body. In an embodiment, the reinforcing member 207 can extend from an inner annular surface 211, defined by the central opening 208 of the body 201, to outer annular surface, such as side surface 204 of the body 201.

In an embodiment, the abrasive portion may have an aspect ratio (D: t) that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the aspect ratio (D: t) may be at least 10: 1, or at least 20: 1, or at least 30: 1, or at least 50: 1, or at least 80: 1, or at least 100: 1, or at least 200: 1, or at least 300: 1, or at least 500: 1. In another embodiment, the aspect ratio may be not greater than 1000: 1, or not greater than 10,000: 1, or not greater than 50,000: 1, or not greater than 100,000: 1, or not greater than 500,000: 1. It will be appreciated that the vol% may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum amounts noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 10: 1 to not greater than 500,000: 1, or within a range of at least 20: 1 to not greater than 100,000: 1, or within a range of at least 20: 1 and not greater than 50,000: 1, or within a range of at least 20: 1 to not greater than 10,000: 1, or within a range of at least 20: 1 to not greater than 1,000: 1.

FIG. 3 includes a top view illustration of a woven reinforcing member according to an embodiment. The reinforcing member 207 can include a body 301 which can include Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 fibers 310 and 311 which may be woven with respect to each other in different directions.

The body 301 may have a plurality of openings 312 extending through the body 301 of the reinforcing member 206.

In an embodiment, the reinforcing member 207 may include a plurality of openings 312 having an average size that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the openings 312 may have an average size of not greater than 20 mm , or not greater than 19 mm , or not greater than 18 mm , or not greater

2 2 2 than 17 mm , or not greater than 16 mm , or not greater than 15 mm , or not greater than 14

2 2 2 2 mm , or not greater than 13 mm , or not greater than 12 mm , or not greater than 11 mm , or

2 2 2 not greater than 10 mm , or not greater than 9 mm , or not greater than 8 mm , or not greater

2 2 2 2 than 7 mm , or not greater than 6 mm , or not greater than 5 mm , or not greater than mm , or

2 2 2 not greater than 4 mm , or not greater than 3 mm , or not greater than 2 mm , or not greater

2 2 than 1 mm . In an embodiment, the openings can have an average size of at least 0.1 mm , or

2 2 2 2 2 at least 0.2 mm , or at least 0.5 mm , or at least 0.8 mm , or at least 1 mm , or at least 2 mm , or at least 3 mm , or at least 4 mm , or at least 5 mm . In an embodiment, the opening size may depend on the average particle size of the abrasive particles within the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the openings may be at least 1.5 times the size of the average particle size of the abrasive particles, or at least 1.6, or at least 1.7, or at least 1.8, or at least 1.9, or at least 2.0, or at least 2.1, or at least 2.2, or at least 2.3, or at least 2.4, or at least 2.5 times the size of the average particle size of the abrasive particles. It will be appreciated that the size of the openings may be between any of the minimum or maximum values noted above.

In an embodiment, a certain percentage of the openings in the reinforcing member 207 can be filled with the bond material that may facilitate improved manufacturing and/or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment at least 85% of openings in the reinforcing member are filled or at least 88%, or at least 90%, or at least 92%, or at least 95%. In an embodiment, no greater than 99.9% of the openings are filled, or no greater than 99.5%, or no greater than 99%, or no greater than 98%, or no greater than 95%. It will be appreciated that the percentage of filled openings may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including for example, but not limited to, at least 85% and not greater than 99%, or at least 92% and not greater than 99.9%.

It has been noted through empirical studies that the combination of features provided herein may facilitate formation of improved abrasive articles. For example, in the context of those embodiments utilizing one or more reinforcing members, the bond material appears to Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 more thoroughly and bond to and through the one or more reinforcing members. This has been shown to be particularly true in comparing the abrasive articles of the embodiments herein with conventional abrasive articles.

Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of those aspects and embodiments are described herein. After reading this specification, skilled artisans will appreciate that those aspects and embodiments are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Embodiments may be in accordance with any one or more of the embodiments as listed below.

EMBODIMENTS

Embodiment 1. An abrasive article comprising: a body including an abrasive portion and a reinforcing member, wherein the abrasive portion comprises abrasive particles and a bond material; and wherein the reinforcing member comprises a substrate comprising a woven material having a leno weave.

Embodiment 2. An abrasive article comprising: a body including an abrasive portion and a reinforcing member, wherein the abrasive portion comprises abrasive particles and a bond material; and wherein the reinforcing member comprises a substrate and a resin overlying the substrate; wherein the resin wherein the resin produces an FTIR peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ of at least 0.015 absorbance.

Embodiment 3. The abrasive article of embodiment 2, wherein the reinforcing member comprises a substrate comprising a woven material having a leno weave.

Embodiment 4. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein the reinforcing member comprises a substrate and a resin overlying the substrate.

Embodiment 5. The abrasive article of embodiment 4, wherein the resin wherein the resin produces an FTIR peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ of at least 0.015 absorbance.

Embodiment 6. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing member comprises a substrate comprising a web comprising a plurality of openings extending through the body of the reinforcing member and wherein the plurality of openings comprise an average aperture size of not greater than 20 mm or not greater than 19 2 2 2 2 mm or not greater than 18 mm or not greater than 17 mm or not greater than 16 mm or not 2 2 2 greater than 15 mm or not greater than 14 mm or not greater than 13 mm or not greater 2 2 2 2 than 12 mm or not greater than 11 mm or not greater than 10 mm or not greater than 9 mm Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

2 2 2 or not greater than 8 mm or not greater than 7 mm or not greater than 6 mm or not greater

2 2 2 2 than 5 mm or not greater than mm or not greater than 4 mm or not greater than 3 mm or not greater than 2 mm or not greater than 1 mm .

Embodiment 7. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing member comprises a substrate comprising a web comprising a plurality of openings extending through the body of the reinforcing member and wherein the plurality of openings comprise an average aperture size of at least 0.1 mm , or at least 0.2 mm , or at least 2 2 2 2 2

0.5 mm , or at least 0.8 mm , or at least 1 mm , or at least 2 mm , or at least 3 mm , or at least 4 mm , or at least 5 mm .

Embodiment 8. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin comprises a glass transition temperature of at least 180 °C, or at least 181 °C, or at least 182 °C, or at least 183 °C, or at least 184 °C, or at least 185 °C, or at least 186 °C, or at least

187 °C, or at least 188 °C, or at least 189 °C, or at least 190 °C, or at least 191 °C, or at least

192 °C, or at least 193 °C, or at least 194 °C, or at least 195 °C, or at least 196 °C, or at least

197 °C, or at least 198 °C, or at least 199 °C.

Embodiment 9. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin comprises a glass transition temperature of not greater than 300 °C, or not greater than 290 °C, or not greater than 280 °C, or not greater than 270 °C, or not greater than 260 °C, or not greater than 250 °C, or not greater than 240 °C, or not greater than 230 °C, or not greater than 220 °C, or not greater than 210 °C.

Embodiment 10. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin comprises CH2OH functional groups.

Embodiment 11. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin produces an FTIR peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ of at least 0.015 absorbance or at least 0.016 absorbance or at least 0.017 absorbance or at least 0.018 absorbance or at least 0.019 absorbance or at least 0.020 absorbance.

Embodiment 12. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin produces an FTIR peak between 1010 cm' ¹ and 1020 cm' ¹ of no greater than 0.5 absorbance or no greater than 0.4 absorbance or no greater than 0.3 absorbance or no greater than 0.2 absorbance or no greater than 0.1 absorbance no greater than 0.09 absorbance no greater than 0.08 absorbance no greater than 0.07 absorbance no greater than 0.06 absorbance no greater than 0.05 absorbance no greater than 0.04 absorbance no greater than 0.03 absorbance. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Embodiment 13. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin comprises resole.

Embodiment 14. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin comprises a phenolic resin.

Embodiment 15. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin comprises at least 1 wt% hexamethylenetetramine, or at least 2 wt%, or at least 3 wt%, or at least 4 wt%, or at least 5 wt%, or at least 6 wt%, or at least 7 wt%, or at least 8 wt%, or at least 9 wt%, or at least 10 wt%.

Embodiment 16. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin comprises no greater than 15 wt% hexamethylenetetramine, or no greater than 14 wt%, or no greater than 13 wt%, or no greater than 12 wt%, or no greater than 11 wt%, or no greater than 10 wt%, or no greater than 9 wt%, or no greater than 8 wt%, or no greater than 7 wt%, or no greater than 6 wt%, or no greater than 5 wt%.

Embodiment 17. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin does not comprise any GC/MS PY600 peaks between 23 and 25 min of at least 1x106.

Embodiment 18. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the resin does not comprise 2, 2’-Methylenebis(phenol) or 2, 4’-Methylenebis(phenol); or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 19. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, superabrasives, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 20. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise include a vitreous phase, a polycrystalline phase, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 21. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise a shaped abrasive particle, constant thickness abrasive particle, randomly shaped abrasive particle, agglomerates including binder and abrasive particles, a blend of different types of abrasive particles having at least one different abrasive characteristic, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 22. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise sol gel alumina.

Embodiment 23. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise brown fused alumina. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Embodiment 24. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise a median abrasive particle size D50a of at least 400 microns, or at least 425 microns, or at least 450 microns, or at least 475 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 525 microns, or at least 550 microns, or at least 575 microns, or at least 600 microns, or at least 625 microns, or at least 650 microns.

Embodiment 25. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, comprise a median abrasive particle size D50a of not greater than 1000 microns, or not greater than 975 microns, or not greater than 950 microns, or not greater than 925 microns, or not greater than 900 microns, or not greater than 875 microns, or not greater than 850 microns, or not greater than 825 microns, or not greater than 800 microns, or not greater than 775 microns, or not greater than 750 microns, or not greater than 725 microns, or not greater than 700 microns, or not greater than 675 microns, or not greater than 650 microns.

Embodiment 26. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise a Mohs hardness of at least 7, or at least 8, or at least 9.

Embodiment 27. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles comprise seeded sol gel alumina having an average crystallite size of not greater than 3 microns, or not greater than 2 microns, or not greater than 1 micron or not greater than 0.5 microns.

Embodiment 28. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles have a random distribution within the bond material.

Embodiment 29. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive particles have a random orientation relative to any surfaces of the body.

Embodiment 30. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive portion includes at least 3 vol% abrasive particles for a total volume of the body or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%.

Embodiment 31. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive portion includes not greater than 85 vol% abrasive particles for a total volume of the body or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%.

Embodiment 32. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive portion includes at least 3 vol% bond material for a total volume of the body or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%.

Embodiment 33. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive portion includes not greater than 95 vol% bond material for a total volume of the body or not greater than 90 vol%, or not greater than 85 vol%, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%.

Embodiment 34. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the bond material comprises an organic bond material.

Embodiment 35. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the bond material consists of an organic bond material.

Embodiment 36. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the bond material comprises a thermoset polymer.

Embodiment 37. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the thermoset polymer comprises a polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, an epoxy resin, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 38. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive portion comprises closed porosity.

Embodiment 39. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive portion comprises interconnected porosity.

Embodiment 40. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive portion comprises interconnected porosity and closed porosity.

Embodiment 41. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive article comprises an average thickness (t) and an average diameter (D), and wherein Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 the body comprises an aspect ratio (D:t) of at least 10: 1, or at least 20: 1, or at least 30: 1, or at least 50: 1, or at least 80: 1, or at least 100: 1, or at least 200: 1, or at least 300: 1, or at least 500: 1.

Embodiment 42. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive article comprises an average thickness (t) and an average diameter (D), and wherein the body comprises an aspect ratio (D:t) within a range of at least 10: 1 to not greater than 500,000: 1, or within a range of at least 20: 1 to not greater than 100,000: 1, or within a range of at leaste 20: 1 and not greater than 50,000: 1, or within a range of at least 20: 1 to not greater than 10,000: 1, or within a range of at least 20: 1 to not greater than 1,000: 1.

Embodiment 43. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the reinforcing member comprises an organic or inorganic material.

Embodiment 44. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the reinforcing member comprises glass fibers.

Embodiment 45. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the reinforcing member comprises a woven material comprising glass fibers.

Embodiment 46. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the body includes at least 1 vol% of the reinforcing member for a total volume of the body or at least 2 vol% of the volume of the body, or at least 4 vol%, or at least 6 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%.

Embodiment 47. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the body comprises not greater than 35 vol% of the reinforcing member for a total volume of the body or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%, or not greater than 5 vol%.

Embodiment 48. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the reinforcing member extends for a majority of a radius of the body.

Embodiment 49. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the reinforcing member extends radially and circumferentially in the body for a majority of a radius and a majority of a circumference of the body.

Embodiment 50. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the reinforcing member extends from an inner annular surface defined by a central opening of the body to an outer annular surface of the body. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Embodiment 51. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the reinforcing member is disposed between a first abrasive portion of the abrasive article and a second abrasive portion of the abrasive article, wherein the first abrasive portion comprises abrasive particles contained in a bond material and the second abrasive portion comprising abrasive particles contained in a bond material.

Embodiment 52. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the first abrasive portion includes different abrasive particles as compared to the abrasive particles of the second abrasive portion.

Embodiment 53. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the first abrasive portion includes different bond material as compared to the bond material of the second abrasive portion.

Embodiment 54. The abrasive article of embodiment 51, wherein the abrasive article further comprises a third abrasive portion and a second reinforcing member disposed between the second abrasive portion of the abrasive article and the third abrasive portion.

Embodiment 55. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive article further comprises a fine back layer comprising fine back abrasive particles and a fine back bond material.

Embodiment 56. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles have a smaller median particle size, D50f, than the median particle size of the abrasive particles, D50a.

Embodiment 57. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, superabrasives, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 58. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise include a vitreous phase, a polycrystalline phase, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 59. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive comprise black aluminum oxide.

Embodiment 60. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive comprise brown fused alumina.

Embodiment 61. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles have a media particle size, D50f, of no greater than 350 microns. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Embodiment 62. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise a median fine back abrasive particle size D50f of at least 20 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 80 microns, or at least 90 microns, or at least 100 microns, or at least 110 microns, or at least 120 microns, or at least 130 microns, or at least 140 microns, or at least 150 microns, or at least 160 microns, or at least 170 microns.

Embodiment 63. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise a median fine back abrasive particle size D50f of not greater than 350 microns, or not greater than 340 microns, or not greater than 330 microns, or not greater than 320 microns, or not greater than 310 microns, or not greater than 290 microns, or not greater than 280 microns, or not greater than 270 microns, or not greater than 260 microns, or not greater than 255 microns, or not greater than 250 microns, or not greater than 245 microns, or not greater than 240 microns, or not greater than 235 microns, or not greater than 230 microns, or not greater than 225 microns, or not greater than 220 microns, or not greater than 215 microns, or not greater than 210 microns, or not greater than 205 microns.

Embodiment 64. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise a median fine back abrasive particle size D50f and the abrasive particles comprise a median abrasive particle size D50a, and D50f/D50a is no greater than 1, or no greater than 0.95, or no greater than 0.9, or no greater than 0.85, or no greater than 0.8, or no greater than 0.75, or no greater than 0.7, or no greater than 0.65, or no greater than 0.6, or no greater than 0.55, or no greater than 0.5.

Embodiment 65. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise a median fine back abrasive particle size D50f and the abrasive particles comprise a median abrasive particle size D50a, and D50f/D50a is at least 0.05, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.35, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.45.

Embodiment 66. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive article has a thickness, t, of at least 1 mm, or at least 1.5 mm, or at least 2.5 mm, or at least 3 mm, or at least 3.5 mm, or at least 4 mm, or at least 4.5 mm, or at least 5 mm, or at least 5.5 mm, or at least 6 mm.

Embodiment 67. The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 2 or 4, wherein the abrasive article has a thickness, t, of less than 20 mm, or less than 19 mm, or less than 18 mm, or less than 17 mm, or less than 16 mm, or less than 15 mm, or less than 14 mm, or less Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 than 13 mm, or less than 12 mm, or less than 11 mm, or less than 10 mm, or less than 9 mm, or less than 8 mm, or less than 7 mm, or less than 6 mm, or less than 5 mm.

Embodiment 68. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer has a thickness, tp, of at least 0.1 mm, or at least 0.2 mm, or at least 0.3 mm, or at least 0.4 mm, or at least 0.5 mm, or at least 0.6 mm, or at least 0.7 mm, or at least 0.8 mm, or at least 0.9 mm, or at least 1.0 mm, or at least 1.1 mm, or at least 1.2 mm, or at least 1.3 mm, or at least 1.4 mm, or at least 1.5 mm, or at least 1.6 mm, or at least 1.7 mm, or at least 1.8 mm, or at least 1.9 mm, or at least 2.0 mm, or at least 2.1 mm, or at least 2.2 mm, or at least 2.3 mm, or at least 2.4 mm, or at least 2.5 mm, or at least 2.6 mm, or at least 2.7 mm, or at least 2.8 mm, or at least 2.9 mm, or at least 3.0 mm, or at least 3.1 mm, or at least 3.2 mm, or at least

3.3 mm, or at least 3.4 mm, or at least 3.5 mm, or at least 3.6 mm, or at least 3.7 mm, or at least 3.8 mm, or at least 3.9 mm, or at least 4.0 mm, or at least 4.1 mm, or at least 4.2 mm, or at least 4.3 mm, or at least 4.4 mm, or at least 4.5 mm, or at least 4.6 mm, or at least 4.7 mm, or at least 4.8 mm, or at least 4.9 mm, or at least 5 mm.

Embodiment 69. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer has a thickness, tp, of less than 6 mm, or less than 5.9 mm, or less than 5.8 mm, or less than 5.7 mm, or less than 5.6 mm, or less than 5.5 mm, or less than 5.4 mm, or less than 5.3 mm, or less than 5.2 mm, or less than 5.1 mm, or less than 5.0 mm, or less than 4.9 mm, or less than 4.8 mm, or less than 4.7 mm, or less than 4.6 mm, or less than 4.5 mm, or less than 4.4 mm, or less than 4.3 mm, or less than 4.2 mm, or less than 4.1 mm, or less than 4.0 mm, or less than 3.9 mm, or less than 3.8 mm, or less than 3.7 mm, or less than 3.6 mm, or less than 3.5 mm, or less than 3.4 mm, or less than 3.3 mm, or less than 3.2 mm, or less than 3.1 mm, or less than 3.0 mm, or less than 2.9 mm, or less than 2.8 mm, or less than 2.7 mm, or less than 2.6 mm, or less than 2.5 mm, or less than 2.4 mm, or less than 2.3 mm, or less than 2.2 mm, or less than 2.1 mm, or less than 2.0 mm, or less than 1.9 mm, or less than 1.8 mm, or less than 1.7 mm, or less than 1.6 mm, or less than 1.5 mm, or less than 1.4 mm, or less than

1.3 mm, or less than 1.2 mm, or less than 1.1 mm, or less than 1.0 mm, or less than 0.9 mm, or less than 0.8 mm, or less than 0.7 mm, or less than 0.6 mm, or less than 0.5 mm, or less than 0.4 mm, or less than 0.3 mm, or less than 0.2 mm, or less than 0.1 mm.

Embodiment 70. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the abrasive portion has a thickness, tA, of at least 0.1 mm, or at least 0.2 mm, or at least 0.3 mm, or at least 0.4 mm, or at least 0.5 mm, or at least 0.6 mm, or at least 0.7 mm, or at least 0.8 mm, or at least 0.9 mm, or at least 1.0 mm, or at least 1.1 mm, or at least 1.2 mm, or at least 1.3 mm, or at Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 least 1.4 mm, or at least 1.5 mm, or at least 1.6 mm, or at least 1.7 mm, or at least 1.8 mm, or at least 1.9 mm, or at least 2.0 mm, or at least 2.1 mm, or at least 2.2 mm, or at least 2.3 mm, or at least 2.4 mm, or at least 2.5 mm, or at least 2.6 mm, or at least 2.7 mm, or at least 2.8 mm, or at least 2.9 mm, or at least 3.0 mm, or at least 3.1 mm, or at least 3.2 mm, or at least

3.3 mm, or at least 3.4 mm, or at least 3.5 mm, or at least 3.6 mm, or at least 3.7 mm, or at least 3.8 mm, or at least 3.9 mm, or at least 4.0 mm, or at least 4.1 mm, or at least 4.2 mm, or at least 4.3 mm, or at least 4.4 mm, or at least 4.5 mm, or at least 4.6 mm, or at least 4.7 mm, or at least 4.8 mm, or at least 4.9 mm, or at least 5 mm.

Embodiment 71. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the abrasive portion has a thickness, tA, of less than 6 mm, or less than 5.9 mm, or less than 5.8 mm, or less than 5.7 mm, or less than 5.6 mm, or less than 5.5 mm, or less than 5.4 mm, or less than 5.3 mm, or less than 5.2 mm, or less than 5.1 mm, or less than 5.0 mm, or less than 4.9 mm, or less than 4.8 mm, or less than 4.7 mm, or less than 4.6 mm, or less than 4.5 mm, or less than 4.4 mm, or less than 4.3 mm, or less than 4.2 mm, or less than 4.1 mm, or less than 4.0 mm, or less than 3.9 mm, or less than 3.8 mm, or less than 3.7 mm, or less than 3.6 mm, or less than 3.5 mm, or less than 3.4 mm, or less than 3.3 mm, or less than 3.2 mm, or less than 3.1 mm, or less than 3.0 mm, or less than 2.9 mm, or less than 2.8 mm, or less than 2.7 mm, or less than 2.6 mm, or less than 2.5 mm, or less than 2.4 mm, or less than 2.3 mm, or less than 2.2 mm, or less than 2.1 mm, or less than 2.0 mm, or less than 1.9 mm, or less than 1.8 mm, or less than 1.7 mm, or less than 1.6 mm, or less than 1.5 mm, or less than 1.4 mm, or less than

1.3 mm, or less than 1.2 mm, or less than 1.1 mm, or less than 1.0 mm, or less than 0.9 mm, or less than 0.8 mm, or less than 0.7 mm, or less than 0.6 mm, or less than 0.5 mm, or less than 0.4 mm, or less than 0.3 mm, or less than 0.2 mm, or less than 0.1 mm.

Embodiment 72. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the abrasive portion has a thickness, tA, and the fine back layer has a thickness, t _F , and tp/tA is less than 1, or less than 0.95, or less than 0.9, or less than 0.85, or less than 0.8, or less than 0.75, or less than 0.7, or less than 0.65, or less than 0.6, or less than 0.55, or less than 0.5, or less than 0.45, or less than 0.4, or less than 0.35, or less than 0.3, or less than 0.25, or less than 0.2, or less than 0.15, or less than 0.1, or less than 0.05.

Embodiment 73. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the abrasive portion has a thickness, tA, and the fine back layer has a thickness, t _F , and t _F /tA is at least 0.05, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.35, or at Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 least 0.4, or at least 0.45, or at least 0.5, or at least 0.55, or at least 0.6, or at least 0.65, or at least 0.7, or at least 0.75, or at least 0.8, or at least 0.85, or at least 0.9, or at least 0.95.

Embodiment 74. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the abrasive article has a thickness, t, and the fine back layer has a thickness, t _F , and t _F /t is less than 1, or less than 0.95, or less than 0.9, or less than 0.85, or less than 0.8, or less than 0.75, or less than 0.7, or less than 0.65, or less than 0.6, or less than 0.55, or less than 0.5, or less than 0.45, or less than 0.4, or less than 0.35, or less than 0.3, or less than 0.25, or less than 0.2, or less than 0.15, or less than 0.1, or less than 0.05.

Embodiment 75. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the abrasive article has a thickness, t, and the fine back layer has a thickness, t _F , and t _F /t is at least 0.05, or at least

0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.35, or at least

0.4, or at least 0.45, or at least 0.5, or at least 0.55, or at least 0.6, or at least 0.65, or at least

0.7, or at least 0.75, or at least 0.8, or at least 0.85, or at least 0.9, or at least 0.95.

Embodiment 76. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise a Mohs hardness of at least 7, or at least 8, or at least 9.

Embodiment 77. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles comprise seeded sol gel alumina having an average crystallite size of not greater than 3 microns, or not greater than 2 microns, or not greater than 1 micron or not greater than 0.5 microns.

Embodiment 78. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles have a random distribution within the bond material.

Embodiment 79. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back abrasive particles have a random orientation relative to any surfaces of the body.

Embodiment 80. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer includes at least 3 vol% fine back abrasive particles for a total volume of the body or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%.

Embodiment 81. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer includes not greater than 85 vol% fine back abrasive particles for a total volume of the body or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%.

Embodiment 82. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer includes at least 3 vol% fine back bond material for a total volume of the fine back layer or at least 5 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 35 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 45 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, or at least 55 vol%, or at least 60 vol%, or at least 65 vol%, or at least 70 vol%.

Embodiment 83. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer includes not greater than 95 vol% fine back bond material for a total volume of the fine back layer or not greater than 90 vol%, or not greater than 85 vol%, or not greater than 80 vol%, or not greater than 75 vol%, or not greater than 70 vol%, or not greater than 65 vol%, or not greater than 60 vol%, or not greater than 55 vol%, or not greater than 50 vol%, or not greater than 45 vol%, or not greater than 40 vol%, or not greater than 35 vol%, or not greater than 30 vol%, or not greater than 25 vol%, or not greater than 20 vol%, or not greater than 15 vol%, or not greater than 10 vol%, or not greater than 8 vol%.

Embodiment 84. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back bond material comprises an organic bond material.

Embodiment 85. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back bond material consists of an organic bond material.

Embodiment 86. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back bond material comprises a thermoset polymer.

Embodiment 87. The abrasive article of embodiment 86, wherein the thermoset polymer comprises a polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, an epoxy resin, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 88. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer comprises closed porosity.

Embodiment 89. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer comprises interconnected porosity.

Embodiment 90. The abrasive article of embodiment 55, wherein the fine back layer comprises interconnected porosity and closed porosity.

Embodiment 91. A method for forming an abrasive article comprising: Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001 forming a mixture including a bond material and abrasive particles; and pressing the mixture with a reinforcing member; curing the mixture.

Embodiment 92. The method of embodiment 91, wherein curing the mixture is performed at a maximum temperature of at least 150 °C, or at least 155 °C, or at least 160 °C, or at least 165 °C, or at least 170 °C, or at least 175 °C, or at least 180 °C, or at least 185° C.

Embodiment 93. The method of embodiment 91, wherein curing the mixture is performed at a maximum temperature of not greater than 250 °C, or not greater than 245 °C, or not greater than 240 °C, or not greater than 235 °C, or not greater than 230 °C, or not greater than 225 °C, or not greater than 220 °C, or not greater than 215 °C, or not greater than 210 °C, or not greater than 205 °C, or not greater than 200 °C, or not greater than 195 °C.

Embodiment 94. The method of embodiment 91, wherein the abrasive article is the abrasive article as embodimented in any one of embodiments 1-90.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Wheels were prepared having an abrasive portion/reinforcing woven material/abrasive portion /reinforcing woven material/abrasive portion according to the steps outlined below and the parameters in table 1. The final abrasive portion is typically a fine back layer having smaller abrasive particles than the other abrasive layers.

Table 1 Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Abrasive layer compositions, reinforcing woven materials, and fine back layer compositions were stacked, pressed and cured at 180-220 °C to form abrasive bodies. Various specifications of reinforcing woven material were used according to the additional examples outline below.

Wheels were prepared according to the process above using the glass woven materials from the providers detailed in table 2 below. Images of cross sections of samples 2-5 can be found in FIGs. 6a-d.

Table 2

FTIR

The resin surrounding each was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after curing. FTIR spec readings can be found in FIG. 4 Absorbance peaks in the 1010-1020 cm' ¹ range were identified. Such peaks correspond to CH2OH functional groups. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Without wishing to be tied to any particular theory, it is believed that -CH2OH functional groups lead to a greater degree of cross-linking, providing for a better interface between the reinforcing member and abrasive portions of the abrasive portion. Samples S1-S3 had notable CH2OH Peaks while samples S4-S6 did not.

GC-MS

The resin surrounding each was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after curing. GC-MS readings can be found in FIG. 5. Peaks in the 23-26 range were identified. Such peaks correspond to 2, 2(4)'-Methylenebisphenol peaks indicating the existence of non cross-linked Methylenebisphenol. Less cross-linking leads to an inferior interface between the reinforcing member and abrasive portions of the abrasive portion. Samples S4-S6 had notable Methylenebisphenol Peaks while samples S1-S3 did not.

3-point bending test

Samples were subject to 3-point bending tests to evaluate different failure modes of the samples. Load/displacement curves were generated during testing. Digital imaging was used to capture videos of the samples during 3-point bending. Using the video, it was determined that higher energy consumption during bending and a large area under the load/displacement curve correlated well with significant debonding between the abrasive portions and the reinforcing members and accordingly a poor interface between the abrasive portions and the reinforcing members. Load/displacement curves can be found in FIGs. 7a-b.

Weave pattern

Samples S6a and S6b were prepared according to the process detailed above using glass cloths provided by Gubang. Sample S6a had glass fibers woven using a leno weave, while S6b had a straight weave. FIGs. 8a and 8b include an illustration and an image of a cloth with a leno weave. FIGs. 9a and 9b include an illustration and an image of a cloth with a straight weave. Structures consisting of just an abrasive layer composition and reinforcing woven materials were prepared according to the formulations for samples S6a and S6b and then subject to a 90 ⁰ peel off test with a pulling rate of 5mm/min. Results of the peel off test can be found in FIG. 10. . Without wishing to be tied to any particular theory, it is believed that leno weave woven materials provide for a better interface between the reinforcing woven material and the abrasive portions because the leno weave is less prone to fibers splitting (e g., FIG. 9b).

Mesh Size Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Samples S5a and S5b were prepared according to the process detailed above using glass cloths provided by Juiding. Sample S5a had a reinforcing member with a small mesh size while S5b had a reinforcing member with a large mesh size. Structures consisting of just an abrasive layer composition and reinforcing woven materials were prepared according to the formulations for samples S5a and S5b and then subject to a 90 ° peel off test with a pulling rate of 5mm/min. Results of the peel off test can be found in FIG. 11. Without wishing to be tied to any particular theory, it is believed that a smaller mesh size provides due to a smaller distance between anchor points where the fibers cross and due to a larger specific surface area of the fibers. Example 2

Wheels were prepared having a reinforcing woven material/abrasive portion/reinforcing woven material/fine back layer/reinforcing woven material to the steps outlined below and the parameters in table 2. The fine back layer typically having smaller abrasive particles than the other abrasive layers.

Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

Abrasive layer compositions, reinforcing woven materials, and fine back layer compositions were stacked, pressed and cured at 150-185 °C to form abrasive bodies. Various specifications of reinforcing woven material were used according to the additional examples outline below.

Wheels were prepared according to the process above using the woven glass fibers provided by Rymatex. The wheels had the construction shown in FIG. 4a. Wheels were used to grind a steel workpiece for ten cycles lasting 2 minutes each. After each cycle, side profile images of the samples were taken to evaluate the amount of spalling. Images of side profiles of samples SH, SS, CSH, and CSs after 1 cycle are shown in FIGs. 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d, respectively. Another view of sample CSs after 1 cycle can be found in FIG. 18. Attorney Docket No.: 22-TW-0135W001

The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that use the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any sub combination. Further, reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value within that range. Many other embodiments may be apparent to skilled artisans only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used and derived from the disclosure, such that a structural substitution, logical substitution, or another change may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.