The present invention generally relates to a marine propulsion system, generally referred to as a vessel or boat drive, for use in water vehicles having an inboard engine of the type in which the propeller shaft extends through the stern of the boat, substantially straight out from the rear end of the boat, and which propeller shaft has, at the outer end thereof, a propeller preferably of the surface water driving type, and in which apparatus both the steering of the boat and the trimming or tilting up and down respectively of the propeller is made by operating the body of the propulsion apparatus or boat drive.

The invention is more particularly directed to a trimming system for a boat drive of the above mentioned type, by means of which the pitch angle of the drive body with the output propeller shaft can be controlled from between one or a few degrees above the horizontal plane to about 8-10 degrees below the horizontal plane, or preferably about +/- 5-8 degrees from a normal pitch angle of 3-6 degrees.

A boat drive of this type is known from the European patent nr 37.690 (H Arneson) which patent discloses a structure in which the drive body is formed with a ball over which the drive is connected to a part of the inboard engine in that said ball is journalled in a ball carrier which is mounted at the stern of the boat, whereby the drive can be rotated universally, and which drive is formed with at least one hydraulic cylinder for trimming the drive up and down, and at least two further hydraulic cylinders for rotating the drive in the horizontal plane when turning the boat left or right.

A boat drive of this type having a water surface driving propeller is advantageous as compared with the so called Z-drive (inboard-outboard) type, and above all the drive is subjected to less flow losses and less power losses than boat drives having angle gears and transmission gear sets. Depending on the simple .structure of the drive it is also cheaper, more effective and apt to less wear and has less sources of errors than many other types of boat propulsion

drives or gears.

The apparatus known from the European patent 37.690 indeed involves the advantages of a drive being a straight, surface water driving propulsion drive, but it is disadvantageous in that the ball and the ball carrier are subjected to strong stresses; in that certain plays may appear in the steering means thereof; in that the hydraulic cylinders for the trimming (tilting) and for the steering operations need to be serviced and maintained, are subjected to wear and are sensitive to ruptures and leakage in the hydraulic conduits; in that there is a need for long conduits and/or hoses from the propulsion drive at the outside of the boat to the maneuvre place inside the vessel or boat.

Normally surface driving propellers have a bad back driving capacity and this also in a disadvantage of the above mentioned apparatus.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to suggest a propulsion drive or gear for an inboard-outboard motor of the type in which the drive has a surface driving propeller which extends through the stern of the boat and substantially straight back therefrom, and in which the propulsion drive is formed

- so that it is possible to trim (tilt) the drive body with the propeller up and down without using hydraulic cylinder hoses provided at the outside of the boat,

- so that the steering can be made by means of hydraulic cylinders or equivalent axial motors provided inboard the boat,

- in which the propulsion drive has no actuation means at all provided on the exterior side of the boat for trimming the drive and for steering the.boat,

- in which both the trimming and the steering is made by means of actuation menas placed inside the complete drive structure and at the. interior side of the boat or vessel hull,

- and which has an improved back driving ability as compared with priorly known systems of the same general.type.

The characteristics of the invention is evident from the appended claims.

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be evident from the following detailed description in which reference will be made to the accompanyng drawings.

In the drawings figure 1 is a side view in a vertical cross section of an embodiment of a propulsion drive according to the invention. Figures 2a and 2b are in combination an enlarged view of figure 1. Figure 3 is a fragmentary side view of a drive according to the invention in its normal trim position. Figure 4 is view similar to that of figure 3 showing the drive trimmed up a maximum angle and figure 5 similarly shows the drive trimmed down a maximum angle. Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a part of the drive showing the trimming motor and the mounting of the steering cylinders. Figure 7 is a diagrammatical rear view of the drive according to the invention showing the movement of the propeller or propellers when turning the boat in one direction or the other.

For the sake of clearness the inboard boat engine has been omitted, but it should be noted that the engine may be directly or indirectly connected to the actual propulsion drive, and that drive coupling between the drive engine and the propulsion drive may be be on any known type and does not influence the invention.

As conventional the propulsion drive according to the invention extends through the stern 1 of a boat or a vessel and is mounted on said stern by means of a mounting ring 2. The drive generally comprises a mounting or bearing body 3 provided at the interior side of the boat hull, a trimming or tilting mechanism 4, a steering mechanism 5, a drive body 6 and a propeller mechanism 7.

The drive is mounted close to the bottom 8 of the boat. The boat should be of the fast running and preferably planing type. For obtaining the best function of the invention the stern should be rather long sloping rearwardly, for instance sloping at an angle of between 20° and 40°, or preferably between 22° and 30°. In the case illustrated in the drawings the stern has a pitch angle of 25° to the horizontal plane. Thanks to the.unusually long sloaping stern there is obtained, when adjusting the propellers for rearward driving, a forwardly directed flow of water which smoothly follows the shape of

the stern rather than being thrown against the stern what would otheriwise reduce the back driving capacity, such as is usual for boats having a relatively vertically extending stern. Therefore the apparatus of the invention has an improved back driving capacity.

The mounting ring 2 is formed with a radially outwards extending outer flange 9 and a radially inwards extending inner flange 10 and with a sleeve portion 11 between said flanges. The outer flange 9 is adapted to be mounted on the exterior side of the stern 1, and the inner flange 10 with the sleeve portion 11 is adapted to carry the entire drive body 6.

When mounting the drive on the stern a bore, preferably a circular bore 12, is sawn out of the stern 1, and into said bore the mounting ring 2 is introduced with the flange 9 thereof in contact with the outer surface of the stern round said bore 12. On the inner side of the stern there are several screw-nut connetion means, and an all around extending flange 13 of the bearing body 3 is over a connection ring 14 connected to the mounting ring 2, and the entire structure is screwed to the stern under water sealed conditions by means of bolts 15.

The bearing body 3 is formed like a closed, water sealed casing which over a double ball bearing 16 and an intermediate slide box 17 for the input drive shaft 18 is connected to a (not illustrated) inboard engine. The end of the input drive shaft 18 is formed with an intermediate drive shaft comprising two spaced universal joints 19a and 19b and an intermediate sleeve 19c, which intermediate drive shaft 19a-c gives a constant angle speed and eliminates un-even torque and thrust in the transmission joints. The ball bearing/slide coupling 16-17 which is of known type, allows an axial movement of the combined drive coupling.

As best seen from figure 2b a propeller shaft 20 is connected to the output end of the rear universal joint 19b by a flange 21 thereof. The propeller shaft 20 is journal!ed in the drive body 6 over two spaced roller bearings 22 and 23, which roller bearings 22 and 23 are mounted in a bearing sleeve 24 which in turn is fixedly mounted at the end of the drive body housing 25 via a screw connected

locking ring 26, such that the propeller shaft 20 can take pressure forces, both in the forward and rearward directed thereof. A seal 27 at the end of the propeller shaft 20 prevents water from entering the drive body 6. The propeller mechanism 7 is of known type and is therefore not to be described in detail. The propeller or the propellers preferably are formed with propeller blades 28 which can be adjusted to various angles so that said propeller blades, by being angle-adjusted, can provide a forward or a rearward propulsion or an idle drive position. The adjustment of the propeller blades is made by means hydraulic pressure fluid entering the propeller shaft 20 and (not illustrated) passageways in the propeller shaft through one or more hydraulic valves 29. The set position of the propeller blades is tranferred to the maneuvre place by means of an indicator 30.

The trim mechanism 4 and the steering mechanism 5 are formed as an integral unit which is connected between the mounting body and the drive body. The trim mechanism is connected to the mounting ring 2 by means of the connection ring 14.

Referring in particular to figure 2a the trim mechanism 4 generally comprises two co-operating adjustment rings, in the following referred to a the inner adjustment ring 31 and the outer adjustment ring 32. The surfaces 33 of said rings 31, 32 facing each other are conical. In the illustrated case the two adjustment rings have a cone angle of about 10°, whereby the drive body 6 is adapted for being tilted or trimmed 10° up, see figure 4, or 10° dowm, see figure 5, from a neutral position, figure 3, but it is obvious that the conicity may be varied with respect to the desired capability of "trimming" the drive up and down resp. The two adjustment rings 31 and 32 are rotatable in relation to each other and in relation both to the mounting ring 2 and to the drive body 6. The adjustment rings or cone rings 31 and 32 are mounted so that, in the neutral positions of the rings, the narrowest and the widest cone parts resp. are in contact with each other. The inner cone ring 31 is formed with a radially outwards extending collar 34 by means of which it is rotatably clamped between the connection ring 14 and a collar 35 of the mounting ring 2, and for the purpose the connection ring 14 is

screw connected at 36 to the mounting ring 2. At the top of the second cone ring 32 an inner rack ring 37 is screw connected at 38 and the second cone ring 32 with the rack ring 37 is rotatably clamped to the first or inner cone ring 31 by means of a locking ring 39. A guide ring 40 is rotatably mounted in a recess at the bottom surface of the second cone ring 32 and said guide ring is screw connected to the end surface 41 of the drive body 6. The guide ring 40 with the drive body 6 is rotatably clamped to the second cone ring by means of a locking ring 42 which is screw connected to the second cone ring 32.

Thus the inner cone ring 31 is rotatable in relation to the connection ring 2 with the mounting ring 14 and to the second cone ring 32; said second cone ring 32 with the rack ring 37 is rotatable in relation to the first cone ring 31 and the mounting ring 2; and the drive body 6 with the guide ring 40 is rotatable in relation to the outer or second cone ring 32.

The trimming of the drive body up or down is made by rotating the two cone rings 31 and 32 in opposite directions. To this end the apparatus is formed with a hydraulic motor 43 which is supplied with pressure fluid by conduits 44 and 45 and is drained by another conduit 46. The hydraulic motor is formed with a gear box 47 having a first and a second gear 48 and 49. The hydraulic motor 43 with the gear box 47 is mounted in a recess 50 in the first cone ring 31 for rotation in common with said first cone ring. The motor 43 is maintained at a fixed radius by a rotation rod 51 which is mounted at the top of the housing 52 of the mounting body 3 concentrically with the cone rings 31 and 32.

The connection ring 14 is formed with an inner ring formed rack 53, which rack is consequently stationary mounted in relation to the mounting body 3. The gear.48 is cooperating with the stationary inner ring rack 53, and by actuating the hydraulic motor 43 and thereby rotating the gear-48 the motor with the gear box 47 rotates in one direction or the other on the stationary inner rack 53. Thereby also the first or inner cone ring 31 is rotated together with the motor 43. The gear 49 of the hydraulic motor 43 is cooperating with the

inner gear 37 of the second cone ring 32 and it is arranged to rotate the second cone ring in a direction which is opposite to the movement of the first cone ring 31 and at a speed which is the same as the speed of the first cone ring 31. This means that the gear 49 rotates at twice the speed of the gear 48.

By actuating the hydraulic motor 43 the gear 48 rotates the motor 43 and thereby the first or inner cone ring 31 in one direction or the other in relation to the mounting body 3 with the inner rack 53, and concurrently therewith the gear 49 rotates the second cone ring 32 in the opposite direction whereby different cone ring combinations are obtained. Figure 3 shows the apparatus in a neutral position, whereby the motor 43 is located at the top end of the mounting body 3 and the widest and narrowest portions of the cone rings 31 and 32 resp. are contacting each other. By rotating the cone rings 31 and 32 in one direction (counter clockwise direction as seen from inside the boat) as illustrated in figure 4 of the drawings the widest portions of the two cone rings 31 and 32 are contacting each other at the bottom portion of the mounting body 3 and the narrowest portions of the two cone rings 31 and 32 are contacting each other at the top end of the mounting body 3, and in this case the drive body is trimmed maximum upwards, in the illustrated case at an angle of 10° from the neutral position. Figure 5 illustrates the apparatus after the hydraulic motor 43 is operated in the opposite direction (the clockwise direction as seen from inside the boat) whereby the drive body is tilted maximum downwards, in the illustrated case 10° downwards.

The end face 41 of the drive body 6 is circular and said end of the drive body is rotatably connected in a groove of the second cone ring 32 of the trimming mechanism 4. For rotating the drive body 6 in relation to the mounting body, thereby turning the boat in the starboard or port direction, there is a hydraulic cylinder 54 inside the drive body 6 on each side of the sleeve 19c and the propeller shaft 20. The hydraulic cylinders 54 are mounted with the cylinder part thereof at an ear 55 which is fixed connected to the bearing sleeve 24 and with the piston rod part thereof at an ear 56 which is

fixed mounted at the mounting body housing 52.

Since the hydraulic cylinders 54 extend at a specific angle to the slide surface between the drive body end 41 and the second cone ring 32 an actuation of the hydraulic cylinders introduces a rotary force between the drive body 6 and the mounting body 3 which force causes the drive body to rotate with the end 41 thereof in the slide groove of the second cone ring 32, and thereby in relation to the mounting body 3.

Since the mounting body 3 is designed so as to form a certain angle to the vertical plane the propeller or propellers at the outer end of the drive body 6 is/are caused to make a double movement upon a steering function, namely both a rotation in the horizontal plane, causing the boat to turn, and also a dipping of the propeller(s) in the vertical direction, said double movement resulting in a tendency of the boat to turn vertically inwardly to the turning centre, just as happens upon turning with a bicycle. Said turn-over movement inwardly to the turning centre is a valuable function which both contributes to a stabilizing of the boat and also eliminates the feeling of discomfort which will otherwise appear, something that is especially noted at catamarans, hydrofoil boats, boats having a high point of balance, etc.

Normally the propulsion drive takes a predetermined horizontal driving position which is, in the illustrated case, at an angle to the horizontal plane of for instance four degrees, at which position the flow of water from the bottom 8 of the boat and past the bottom side 57 of the drive body 6 and also the other parts of the drive is fully la inary. Therefore there are practically no flow losses, not even at high speeds. Considering the load and speed etc. of the boat, or by driving the boat on shallow water it may be desired to trim the drive up (or down) and this is made by rotating the tilt drive motor 43 whereby the racks 53 and 37 provide a rotation of the inner and outer adjustment rings 31 and 32 in opposite directions so that the cone surfaces of said rings take a changed mutual position, whereby the drive is successively tilted up or down (compare figures 3-5) depending on what direction the motor 43 is rotated. This change

of trim position can very well be made while running the boat and it is made without any influence at all on the steering function.

The steering is made solely by rotating the drive end or guide head 40, 41 by actuating the steering cylinders 54, whereby the drive body 6 is both rotated in the horizontal direction and is dipped successively downwards in the vertical direction in relation to the mounting body and the stern of the boat. Thereby the boat is both turned in the desired direction and is inclined in the direction towards the centre of turning the boat.

As seen from the drawings a steering fin 58 preferably can be mounted at the bottom 57 of the drive body 6.

Reference numerals

1 stern

2 mounting ring

3 mounting body

4 trimming mechanism

5 steering mechanism

6 drive body

7 propeller mechanism

8 bottom (of boat)

9 outer flange (of 2) 0 inner flange (of 2) 1 sleeve portion (of 2) 2 bore (of 1) 3 flange (of 3) 4 connection ring 5 bolt 6 ball bearing 7 slide box 8 input shaft 9a universal joint 9b universal joint 9c sleeve 0 propeller shaft 1 flange 2 roller bearing 3 roller bearing 4 bearing sleeve

25 drive body housing

26 locking ring

27 seal

28 propeller blade

29 hydraulic valve

30 indicator