The present disclosure concerns a tunable optical component and a method for fabrication of a tunable optical component. The tunable optical component may be a tunable lens or a tunable prism.

As shown in the exemplary embodiment of figure 8, the tunable optical component 100 comprises a liquid chamber 101 which is delimited by a flexible membrane 1. The optical component 100 comprises a shaping element 3 which surrounds an optically active area 10 of the membrane 1, and an actuator 2, wherein the actuator 2 comprises multiple piezo units 20. The liquid chamber 101 is filled with a liquid 102. For tuning optical properties of the optical component 100 the optically active area 10 of the membrane is deformed in a definable manner.

The membrane delimits the liquid chamber 101 on one side. By moving the liquid 102 in the liquid chamber, the optically active area is deformed. The membrane is attached to the shaping element. In particular, the shaping element 3 may be moved by means of the actuator 2, to alter the shape of the optically active area 10 in a definable manner.

The actuator 2 comprises multiple piezo units 20, wherein each piezo unit 20 comprises a piezo element 201. The piezo element 201 has piezo electric properties, which are utilized to alter the optical properties of the tunable optical component. In particular, the piezo unit 20 is arranged to move the shaping element 3. The piezo unit 20 is coupled to a counterpart 203 in a releasable forcefitting manner. Here and in the following, force-fitting connections require a normal force on the surfaces to be connected. In a first state of the actuator the mutual displacement of the piezo unit 20 and the counterpart 203 is prevented as long as the counter-force caused by the static friction is not exceeded. In a second state of the actuator 2, the force or frictional connection is released and a contact area between the piezo unit and the counterpart 203 is moved along a surface of the counterpart 203. In particular, the piezo unit and the counterpart slide on each other if the tangentially acting load force is greater than the static friction force. The actuator is arranged to switch between the first state and the second state, to move the counterpart with respect to the piezo unit. The relative movement of the counterpart 203 and the piezo unit 20 results in a movement of the liquid 102, which causes a change of an optical property of the optically active area 10.

Tunable optical component 100 is a tunable lens, and the optical property is at least one of sphere power, cylinder power, cylinder axis, prism power, prism axis. Here and in the following, meridians of the tunable lens describe imaginary straight lines extending along the main plain of extension of the membrane through the optical axis of the tunable lens, wherein different meridians extend at an angle with respect to each other.

Sphere (abbreviated as SPH) indicates the amount of lens power, measured in diopters of focal length. The deflection of the membrane for sphere is equal in all meridians of the tunable lens. The tunable lens is arranged to alter the lens power by a definable deformation of the membrane.

Cylinder (abbreviated as CYL) power indicates the lens power for astigmatism of the tunable lens. The membrane has a non-spherical surface shape for generating cylinder power. In particular, for generating cylinder power the membrane has a shape so that along a first meridian the membrane has no added curvature, and along a second meridian the membrane has the maximum added curvature, wherein the first meridian and the second meridian extend perpendicular with respect to each other. The tunable lens is arranged to alter the curvature of the membrane along the second meridian.

Cylinder axis describes the angle of the first meridian, which has no added curvature to correct astigmatism. In other words, the cylinder axis is the angle of the first lens meridian that is 90 degrees away from the second meridian, wherein the second meridian contains the cylinder power. The cylinder axis is defined with an angle from 1° to 180°. The tunable lens may be arranged to alter the cylinder axis from 1° to 180°angle.

In particular, optical properties are prism power and prism axis and add. Prism power is the amount of prismatic power of the tunable lens, measured in prism diopters ("p.d." or a superscript triangle).

Prism power is indicated in either metric or fractional English units (0.5 or for example). Prism corresponds to a tilt of the membrane' s surface with respect to the optical axis. Prism power defines absolute of the angle by which the membrane's surface is tilted. The tunable lens may be arranged to alter the prism power.

Prism axis is the direction of prismatic power of the tunable lens. The prism axis indicates the angle of the meridian around which the surface of the tunable lens is tilted with respect to the optical axis. The prism axis may extend along any meridian. The prism axis may be defined by an angle from 1° to 360°. The tunable lens may be arranged to alter the prism axis from 1° to 360°.

Add is the added magnifying power applied to a portion of the tunable lens. In particular, a tunable lens with Add is a multifocal lens. The added magnifying power may range from +0.75 to +3.00 diopters. As shown in the embodiment of the tunable lens 100 of figure 1, the counterpart 203 is an elastic element, wherein the resonance frequency of the elastic element 203 is smaller than a resonance frequency of the piezo unit 20. The piezo unit comprises a piezo element 201 and a lever 202. The lever 201 is in direct mechanical connection to the counterpart 203, whereby the lever 201 and the counterpart 203 form a contact surface. The counterpart 203, in particular the elastic element, is formed in a one-piece manner with the shaping element 3.

As shown in the embodiments of figure 1 and 2, the tunable optical component 100 comprises a particle trap 4, wherein the particle trap 4 is arranged to prevent deposition of particles on the optically active area 10, wherein the particles result from abrasion of the piezo unit 20 or from abrasion of the counterpart 203. The particle trap 4 comprises a sticky surface 41, wherein the particles are attached to the sticky surface 41 by means of adhesion. The particle trap may be part of a bellows structure, which encloses the liquid volume partially. In particular, the bellows structure provides liquid sealed connection between the shaping element 3 and a window element 6. The bellows structure is flexible and allows relative movement of the shaping element 3 and the window element 6.

As shown in the exemplary embodiments of figures 12 ,13 and 14, the particle trap 4 comprises a partition 42, wherein the partition 42 provides a spatial separation of the optically active area 10 and a contact region. The contact region is formed between the piezo unit 20 and the counterpart 203. The partition 42 may be a part of the flexible membrane 1.

As shown in the embodiment of figure 12 the actuator 2 comprises at least four piezo units 20, wherein the piezo units 20 are arranged circumferentially around the optically active area 10. The piezo unit 20 and the counterpart 203 form a common contact region 204 respectively, wherein in the contact region 204 piezo unit 28, in particular the lever 202, is in direct contact to the counterpart 203. In at least one tuning state of the tunable optical component 100, the contact region 204 of at least two of the piezo units 20 are arranged at an offset distance 104 along an optical axis 105 of the optical component 100. At least one of the piezo units 20 is fixedly attached to the shaping element 3 and the corresponding counterpart 203 is fixedly attached to the base element 91 and at least one of the piezo units 20 is fixedly attached to the base element 91 and the corresponding counterpart 203 is fixedly attached to the shaping element 3. The counterparts 203 and the piezo units 20 are arranged altematingly around the circumference of the shaping element 3. The counterparts 203 and the piezo units 20 are arranged altematingly around the circumference of the base element 91. As shown in the exemplary embodiments of figures 13 and 14, the actuators 20 are fixedly attached to the base element 91 and the counterpart 203 is fixedly attached to the shaping element 3. In particular, the counterpart is formed of elastic elements which are formed in a one-piece manner with the shaping element 3. The base element 91 may be arranged to provide a common electrical connection for piezo units 20, and the shaping element 3 may provide a common electrical connection for piezo units 20 attached to the shaping element 3.

Alternatively, the actuators 20 may be fixedly attached to the shaping element 3 and the counterpart 203 is fixedly attached to the base element 91.

As shown in the exemplary embodiment in figures 10 and 11, the piezo units 20 are assigned to a first group 21, a second group 22 or a third group 23, wherein the groups 21, 22, 23 of piezo units 20 are individually controllable. In particular, the base element 91 may be separated into multiple portions, wherein each portion is arranged to provide an electrical connection one of the groups 21, 22, 23 of piezo units 20. In particular, during fabrication the base element 91 may be separated by cutting the base element 91 into the multiple portions, in order so electrically insulate the portions of the base element 91 from one another.

As shown in the exemplary embodiment in figure 3, the counterpart 203 provides a first electrical contact 20a for the piezo unit 20 and the base element 20b provides a second electrical contact 20b for the piezo unit. The first electrical contact 20a is a sliding contact, which enables relative motion of the piezo unit 20 and the counterpart 203 along the optical axis 105. The first electrical contact 20a is formed by the coupling the piezo unit 20 to the counterpart 203 in a force-fitting manner. The base element may comprise multiple elastic elements, onto which the piezo units 20 are mounted. The elastic elements are arranged to provide a normal force, perpendicular with respect to a surface of the counterpart 203.

As shown in the exemplary embodiment in figure 4, the base element 91 is formed as a ring with multiple bending beams extending radially. The bending beams are bent out of plane of the ring, whereby the piezo units 20 face towards the center of the ring.

As shown in the exemplary embodiment in the figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, the method for fabrication of the tunable optical component comprises the steps of a) Providing a shaping element 3 with multiple counterparts 203 (Figure 6); b) Providing multiple actuators 20 which are arranged on a common carrier 7 (Figure 5); c) Attaching the piezo units 20 to the counterparts 203 in a force-fitting manner, wherein the carrier 7 is attached to the base element 91 or the carrier 7 forms the base element 7 (Figure 7 and 8).

As shown in figure 6, the counter parts 203 are formed as T-shaped bending beams. For connecting the counterparts 203 to the piezo units 20, the free ends of the T-shaped bending beams ere bent out of plane of the main extension plane of the shaping element 3.

As shown in the exemplary embodiment of figure 5, the piezo unit 20 comprises two levers 202 and a piezo element 201. The levers form a tweezer, wherein the ends of the T-shaped bending beams are arranged between the tweezers in method step c. In method step c, the piezo units are arranged on the common carrier 7, wherein the carrier 7 is bent around the optical axis 105.

As shown in the embodiment of figure 3, in method step b) a contact mount 9 is provided, wherein the contact mount 9 is attached to the actuators 20 on a side facing away from the carrier 7. In particular, the contact mount 9 and the carrier form the base element 91. The contact mount may be connected by means of soldering, in particular reflow soldering, o by means of a conductive adhesive.

The contact mount 9 comprises conductors 93, wherein the conductors 93 provide individual electrical connection to the piezo units 20. The carrier 7 and/or the contact mount 9 comprise intended bending points 94, wherein the carrier and/or the contact mount 9 are bent at the intended bending points 94 in method step c). In particular, the intended bending points are regions of the carrier 7 and/or the mount 9, wherein the thickness of the carrier and/or mount is. In particular, the intended bending point is arranged to reduce shear forces, caused by bending the carrier and or the mount in method step c). List of reference signs

1 membrane

2 actuator

3 Shaping element

4 Particle trap

6 Window element

7 carrier

9 Contact mount

101 Liquid chamber

102 liquid

10 Optically active area

20 Piezo unit

201 Piezo element

202 Lever

203 counterpart

41 Sticky surface

42 partition

204 Contact region

91 Base element

20a First electrical contact

20b Second electrical contact

93 conductors

105 Optical axis

100 Optical component

104 Offset distance