CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/318,359 filed on March 9, .2022 and is a continuation-in-part application to U.S. Patent Application No. 17/379,694 filed July 19, 2021 , which claims priority to U.S. Patent No, 1 1 ,071 ,799 filed March 5, 2020, which claims priority’' to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/963,682, filed Jan. 21 , 2020, each of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The present application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/333,558, filed May 28, 2021, which claims priority to U.S. Pat. No. 11 ,020,501 filed on Dec. 11 , 2020,which claims priority' to U.S. Pat. No. 11 ,071 ,799 filed on March 5, 2020, which claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/963,682 filed Jan. 21, 2020, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The present application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat, App. No. 17/333,565 filed May 28, 2021 , which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 11,020,498 filed March 6, 2020 which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 11 ,135,324, filed Feb. 19, 2019, which claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/694,482, filed Jul. 6, 2018, and U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/632,716, filed Feb. 20, 2018, all of which incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates generally to light-emitting apparatus and, more particularly, to a short-wavelength ultraviolet light emitting device transmitting light in the Far- UVC Spectrum.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses are everywhere, such as on door handles, on phones, on television remotes, in public bathrooms, on counter tops, on the sidewalks, airborne, etc. Currently, there exists many solutions to cleaning hands from germs, such as hand sanitizer, wet wipes, etc. These products may help people who are on the go or who want a quick solution to cleaning their hands when washing with soap is not an option. However, pathogens are everywhere and it is often not feasible to put chemical wipes and/or cleaning solutions on all surfaces and/or in the air that are desired to be disinfected. [0004] Aside from chemical wipes and other cleaning solutions, short-wavelength ultraviolet (UVC) light is a proven and effective way to kill bacteria and other pathogens. Current UVC options for killing germs/bacteria, such as portable UVC wands, stationary mechanisms to step on that help clean bottoms of shoes, phone cases, etc. , are often expensive and are not readily accessible to the average consumer and/or often have a singular specific use (e.g., only cleaning the person's shoes or other element or device). Furthermore, there are risks with UVC light. For example, UVC light may cause skin cancer and/or cataracts. Therefore, a need exists for a safe for humans, handheld and/or portable and/disposable and/or rechargeable device that may be used to sanitize selected surfaces, localized areas, and/or air surrounding such surfaces to eliminate pathogens in a format that is readily available and accessible for everyday use for the average consumer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] UVC light provides an effect of killing pathogens. The present invention provides ultraviolet (UV) or UVC light (e.g., far-UVC or short-wave UV light) in a handheld and/or portable and/or disposable and/or rechargeable format that may be utilized in everyday, common place settings to sanitize selected surfaces, localized areas, and/or air surrounding a surface that is safe for humans while eliminating pathogens. The device may be readily available and accessible for everyday use for skilled professionals and even the average consumer.

[0006] Another aspect of the disclosure provides a handheld UVC device for generating and emitting UVC light on selected surfaces, localized areas and air surrounding a surface. The device includes an irradiation portion or light source that provides irradiation or light in the UVC spectrum for generating and emitting UVC light toward a surface or space surrounding a surface. The device also includes an activation portion. The activation portion provides selective activation of the irradiation portion for a time duration sufficient to episodically generate and emit UVC light to sanitize the surface or space. The device also includes a grip. The grip provides a gripping surface for a user to grip the device and direct the irradiation portion toward the surface or space to be sanitized and to emit UVC light toward the surface or space to be sanitized. [0007] The device may be modular. That is, different components of the device (e.g., a handle, the irradiation portion, a lens) may be detachably attached to the device and/or disposable. The device may include a visible light emitter that emits at least one indicia or shape (e.g., a circle or a square or other polygon) that indicates a surface or object that is irradiated by the UVC light. The at least one indicia or shape may include a plurality of concentric shapes (e.g., a plurality of concentric circles or polygons). The device may include one or more lens and the UVC light may pass through the lenses to focus or disperse the UVC light.

[0008] Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of sanitizing a surface. The method includes providing a handheld device that includes a first light source that emits UVC light and a second light source that emits visible light. The method also includes emitting, by the first light source of the handheld device, UVC: light. The method also includes emitting, by the second source of the handheld device, visible light. The visible light provides visible indication as to the aim direction of the emitted UVC light. The method also includes aiming the emitted UVC light toward the surface to be sanitized by directing the emitted visible light at the surface to be sanitized and indicating, by the handheld device, when the handheld device is an optimal distance from a surface to be sanitized. In response to the indication that the device is an optimal distance from the surface to be sanitized, the method includes sanitizing the surface by irradiating the surface with the emitted UVC light. Indicating when the handheld device is an optimal distance may include focusing the emitted visible light at the surface when the handheld device is an optimal distance from the surface to be sanitized.

[0009] Another aspect of the disclosure the device irradiates pathogens disposed on a surface, makes use of aa source of UVC light for transmitting UVC light toward the surface. A preventer prevents transmission of the UVC light above 230nm. An optical element in one embodiment is disposed between the source of UVC light and the surface being irradiate. The optical element selectively modifies an area of irradiation optimizing irradiation energy transmitted by said source of UVC light onto the surface. [0010] These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of the present invention will become apparent upon review of the following specification in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0011] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of portable device that emits UVC light when activated in accordance with the present invention;

[0012] FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views of another portable device that emits UVC light when activated in accordance with the present invention;

[0013] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the portable device of FIGS. 2 A and 2B emitting UVC light and irradiating a human hand;

10014] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the portable device of FIGS. 2A and 2B with a rotatable base to adjust a width of emitted UVC light in accordance with the present invention;

[0015] FIGS. 5A-5F are plan views of various lenses for use with the portable device in accordance with the present invention;

[0016] FIG. 6 shows an alternative UVC illumination and lens arrangement;

[0017] FIG 7 show a further alternative UVC illumination and lens arrangement; and

[0018] FIG. 8 shows an optical element taking the form of an Acousto-Optic Modulator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] A handheld and'or portable and/or disposable and'or rechargeable device for sanitizing a surface or air surrounding the surface operates to emit ultraviolet (UV) or UVC light (e.g., far-UVC light) in order to eliminate pathogens. The device includes a unit with an activation mechanism. When the activation mechanism is activated, the device emits UVC light. The device may then be manipulated so that the desired surface and'or air and/or space to be sanitized is irradiated in the UVC light, thereby cleansing the surface and'or air of pathogens. [0020] Referring now to the drawings and the illustrative embodiment depicted therein, a device 10 i ncludes a unit 12, The unit 12 may be any suitable shape and at least a portion of the unit 12 is transparent or translucent. The unit 12 includes an activation mechanism 14. While the illustrated embodiment shows the activation mechanism as a switch or toggle, it is understood that the activation mechanism may take any number of forms, which are described in more detail below. When the activation mechanism 14 is activated, the unit 12 emits UVC light through the transparent or translucent portion. Optionally, the unit includes a power source 16, such as, for example, a battery.

[0021] Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses are everywhere, such as on door handles, on phones, on television remotes, in public bathrooms, on counter tops, on the sidewalks, airborne, etc. Currently, there exists easy and affordable solutions to cleaning hands from germs such as Purell hand sanitizer, Wet Wipes, etc. These products help people who are on the go or who want a quick solution to cleaning their hands if washing with soap is not an option. However, pathogens are everywhere, and it is often not feasible to put chemical wipes and/or cleaning solutions on all surfaces and/or in the air that are desired to be disinfected.

[0022] Aside from chemical wipes and other cleaning solutions, short-wavelength ultraviolet (UVC) light is a proven and effective way to kill bacteria and other pathogens. While currently some UVC options for killing germs/bacteria exist, such as portable UVC wands, stationary mechanisms to step on that help clean bottoms of shoes, phone cases, etc., these UVC light options are often expensive and not readily accessible to the average consumer and often have a singular specific use (e.g., only cleaning the person's shoes or other element or device). Also, there are risks with UVC light (for example, it may cause skin cancer and/or cataracts). Electromagnetic (EM) radiation includes all light or illumination or irradiation that propagates electromagnetic radiant energy through space using waves. EM radiation, for example, includes both visible (to the human eye) radiation and invisible radiation, such as visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet, gamma rays, etc. UVC light or illumination or irradiation is shortwave germicidal ultraviolet EM radiation that is generally 100 nm to 280 nm in wavelength. However, far-UVC light or illumination or irradiation, which is a narrow spectrum within UV light (e.g., 200 nm to 230 nm) with a peak irradiation of about 222 nm, may provide the same effect of killing germs, ''bacteria without the harming side effects. As used herein, light and illumination and irradiation may be used interchangeably to refer to either visible or invisible EM radiation.

[0023] In accordance with the present invention, a device to reduce germs and increase health by putting the sterilizing power of UV or UVC light in an inexpensive, disposable and/or single-use (or few uses), and portable format for everyday use is provided. The device comprises a small portable unit (that may take any number of shapes) that, when activated, emits UVC light. In some examples, the device may emit other types of UV light (emitting light within other spectra] bands or having different wavelengths) that also eliminates bacteria and/or other pathogens. The unit may be activated by any number of means, such as actuating a switch or bending, pressing, squeezing, shaking and/or exposing the unit to air to activate it. After activation, the UVC light may be used to irradiate surfaces to kill pathogens and remains activated for a limited duration (similar to, for example, a typical chemical glow stick or chemical hand warmer). The device may sanitize many types of surfaces (e.g., an epidermis or a n on-biological surface such as a table). The device may also irradiate the air to cleanse and kill pathogens above and/or around the surfaces. The device may then be easily disposed of (for example, in a trash can) once the UVC light terminates. The present invention is more effective and has more applications than traditional chemical wipes or cleaning solutions, is not harmful like traditional UVC light, is easy to activate, and allows for portability.

[0024] The device may utilize a variety of means to generate power to poxver or energize a UVC light source (disposed in the body or unit). For example, the device may use disposable or rechargeable batteries, chemicals, solar power, wind power, and/or any other type of mechanism to activate and/or generate the UVC light. Optionally, the U VC light source may emit light responsive to a chemical reaction when the device or unit is bent, squeezed, shaken or the like. Alternatively, the device may activate or deactivate through the actuation of a switch, button, etc. [0025] In another aspect of the invention, the device may use a rechargeable battery to allow for multiple uses of the device (where the device may be plugged in to recharge). In yet another aspect of the invention, the device may comprise any suitable form of mobile device, such as, for example, a cell phone or other mobile device that is operable to toggle between emitting no light, regular visible light (such as a flashlight function), and UVC light. The device, in some examples, may include a traditional flashlight form. That is, the device may be a flashlight with a reusable UV light source (a light emitting diode (LED), fluorescent bulb, excimer lamp, etc.) and a power source (replaceable batteries, rechargeable batteries, non-replaceable batteries, capacitors, etc.).

[0026] The device may emit UVC light (or other pathogen-cleansing UV light) in any number of ways. This includes using light sources of various technologies (incandescent, fluorescent, LED, excimer lamp, etc.). When including a light source, the light, source may take any appropriate shape. For example, the light source and/or reflector may be shaped to focus the emitted light into a relatively narrow area. The user, in some examples, may focus the emitted light (e.g., by moving a lens of the device or by actuating some other user input) between generally broad beams and generally narrow beams. The device may emit a visible indication as to the aim direction of the emitted UVC light. For example, the device may emit visible crosshairs (i.e., visible light in the shape of crosshairs) or other targeting indicia to assist in directing or aiming the invisible (to the human eye) UVC light. That is, the device may provide a method to "aim" the UVC light so that the intended areas are cleansed.

[0027] The device may also emit visible light focused generally" in the same area as the UVC light to assist the user in directing or aiming or guiding the UVC light (i.e., the user illuminates the area to be cleansed with the visible light). For example, the device may emit a beam of visible light such as a typical flashlight does, and wherever the emitted visible light irradiates a surface or space, the emitted UVC light also irradiates (invisibly, to the human eye) that surface or space. The visible light emitter (that emits the crosshairs) may be powered via actuation of a user input, such as the same user input that activates the UVC emitting light source, such that the visible light emitter and the UVC light emitter are operated in tandem, whereby the emitted visible light is visible at the area where the UVC light is directed. Optionally, the device may include a second user input, separate from the user input that activates the UVC emitting light source, such that the visible light emitter is operated independently of the UVC emitting light source. In another example, the light source may be a lamp that emits UVC light in a generally 360 degree area around the light source (e.g., a cylinder-shaped bulb or diode or the like). The device may’ then emit light in all or nearly all directions to cleanse a large area simultaneously. Tn some examples, the light source or light emitting diode or light bulb is replaceable and/or disposable.

[0028] In some implementations, the device may include a timer. The timer may begin measuring time when the user input to power the UVC light emitting light source is actuated. The timer may measure a period of time that is sufficient for the UVC light to eliminate a majority of pathogens (e.g., ten seconds). The timer may include a visual, audible, or tactile indication that the period of time has elapsed (e.g., an LED, an audio signal, vibration, etc.). Optionally, the timer may disable the light source at the end of the period of time. The timer may be user configurable or allow for selection among a set of predetermined time periods (e.g., ten, thirty, and sixty seconds). Thus, a user may actuate the device via a push of a button and then the device will operate for the predetermined period of time (without further input or holding of the button by the user) and then automatically shut off.

[0029] The device may include a lamps that emits UVC light that is generally between 180 nm and 300 nm in wavelength. For example, the lamp may emit light between 200 nm and 235 nm in wavelength. The UVC light in this spectrum is believed to kill pathogens. The device may include a filter (e.g., chemical filtration, an optical filter(s), etc.) to filter UVC light to a narrower spectrum of wavelengths (e.g., to 200 nm to 235 nm). When the light source emits a narrow spectrum of light (e.g., 200 nm to 235 nm), the filter may act as a secondary safety measure to ensure only proper wavelengths are emitted from the device. The light source may also emit a wide range of frequencies and the filter may act as the primary method of controlling wavelength. In some examples, the device may filter UVC light having wavelengths greater than 230 nm. The filter, in some implementations, has a maximum frequency response between 220 nm and 225 nm (e.g., 222 nm), UVC light with a wavelength of approximately 222 nm is still capable of destroying pathogens or otherwise providing antiseptic solutions without causing harm to the epidermis or eyesight of persons exposed to the light. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid light exceeding about 222 nm by a substantial amount (e.g., above 230 nm) with significant intensity. Maintaining irradiation at approximately 222 nm, (e.g., far-UVC irradiation) will destroy pathogens, but may not penetrate epidermis of a human nor penetrate a cornea of a human eye even at high intensities over long periods of time. Chemical filtration may be included in a bulb of the device or a filter located elsewhere within the device. An optical filter may be placed such that light emitted from the device passes through the optical filter. An optical filter may be included in the lamp of the device itself or as a separate element (e.g., as a film on a lens or light source or bulb of the device or between the lens and the lamp). In some examples, the lamp 28 may only generate UVC light that is at or below around 222 nm so that filtration is not required.

[0030] Although not necessary , the device 20 may optionally include an eye detection sensor. The eye detection sensor is operable to detect presence of an eye (e.g., a human eye) within a field of sensing of the device. A processor or controller of the device may receive and process sensor data captured by the eye detection sensor (such as a camera that captures image data representative of the scene at or partially around the device and in the path of the UV light emitted by the device) to determine presence of an eye within the field of sensing of the eye detection sensor. The field of sensing of the eye detection sensor may be generally aligned with the light emitted by the device 20. That is, the field of sensing may encompass the area irradiated by the UV light emitted by the device 20. The controller may automatically deactivate or disable the UV fight source when an eye is detected within the field of sensing of the eye detection sensor. Optionally, the controller may also or otherwise notify or alert the user to the presence of an eye (e.g., a visual or audible notification such as a buzzer or flashing light).

[0031] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the device emits light that makes bacteria and other pathogens visible to a user of the device to allow the user to determine the cleanliness of an area. For example, the device may emit a fluorescent or other light that illuminates bacteria. The device may emit the pathogen-illuminating light simultaneously with the UV or UVC light or separately from the UV or UVC light. That is, pathogens may be illuminated (i.e., made visible to the user) as the UVC light is in use to direct the locations to clean or, alternatively, before and after the UVC light is used to assist in cleaning and to assess effectiveness. The pathogen-illuminating light may be emitted from the same light source (e.g., LED or bulb) as the UVC light or from a separate light source (i.e., a pathogen-illuminating light source that emits pathogen -illuminating light). The device may include an additional user input (e.g., button or switch) to activate the pathogen-illuminating light separately from the UVC light.

[0032] Referring now' to FIGS. 2A and 2B, a UVC light emitting device 20 includes a base 22 and a top 24. The base 22 and top 24, while exemplified as a "lipstick case" box shape, may take any suitable form (e.g., rectangular, tubular, triangular, flexible/bendable/conformable, etc.). The top 24 attaches to the base 22 to enclose the device 20 (FIG. 2 A). When the top 24 is removed (e.g., by pulling, twisting, releasing a latch, etc.), the radiation or illumination source or lamp housing 26 is exposed. Illumination, as defined herein, refers to illuminating an object or the air with visible or invisible (to a user) light. The lamp housing may include a lamp 28 or other illumination or radiation source or light source that emits UV or UVC light. The lamp 26 may be any lamp that, is capable of producing wavelengths in the UVC spectrum (e.g., an excimer or excilamp, LED, etc.). The lamp housing 26 may also house a filter 30 that filters the wavelength of light emitted by the lamp 28. The filter 30 may be activated whenever the illumination or radiation source 28 is activated (e.g., by pushing, pressing, pulling, bending, shaking, etc. the device 20). Optionally, the filter may be replaceable and/or disposable (e.g., a removable filter cartridge). The device may also be activated via biometrics (e.g., fingerprint sensor or face identification).

[0033] The device may also include a lens 32. The lens 32 may focus the emitted light into a narrower or broader beam. The lamp housing 26 may further include backing 34 and reflective panel 36 to further direct and control the emitted light. Tn some implementations, the device 20 includes an activation and/or deactivation user input 38 (e.g., a switch, slider, toggle, button, etc.). The user input 38, when actuated or activated, may power or depower the lamp 26, thereby causing the device 20 to emit U VC light or to stop emitting UVC light. The user input may episodically power the lamp 26 for a time duration sufficient to generate and emit UVC light to sanitize the targeted surface or space. The device 20 may further include a power level 40 that indicates the amount of power remaining in a power supply. The power supply may be a replaceable battery, a rechargeable battery, an electrical plug-in supply, a solar powered supply, etc. [0034] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, the device 20 emits UVC light to irradiate a target object or area to be cleansed. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a user may hold the device 20 in one hand while irradiating his or her other hand to cleanse the hand of pathogens. The device 20 may include a grip or handle 21 for gripping the device by the user of the device (e.g., holding the device in the user's hand). For example, the device 20 may include a rubberized surface for the user to grip while directing illumination or light toward the surface or air to be sanitized. In a further embodiment the grip is coated with an antimicrobial coating. In a still further embodiment the device 20 is received in a charging station equipped UVC or Far-UVC transmitted onto the device 20 during charging.

[0035] The grip or handle 21 may take any shape or form to facilitate the user holding and/or aiming the device 20. In some examples, the handle 21 may be detachable or removable from the device 20 for storage or for cleaning of the handle itself. For example, the handle may screw or clip or snap into place at internal structure of the device 20. The handle portion (the exterior part of the device) thus may be removed from the structure. After removal, the handle 21 may be sanitized by the device 20 or cleaned via another method (e.g., a cleaning fluid) separately. In some examples, the handle 21 may be disposable or otherwise replaceable and replaced periodically. In addition, and as discussed below, other components of the device may be removed and cleaned or serviced or replaced.

[0036] The device 20 may have an optimal operating distance. That is, the device 20 may operate most efficiently when disposed a predetermined distance from the object or area. For example, the device 20 may preferably operate six to eighteen inches from the object or area. The optimal distance may be around twelve inches. The device 20 may emit a visible indicia to indicate w ^T hen the device is at the optimal distance from the object or area. For example, when the device emits visible crosshairs, as previously discussed, the crosshairs may be fuzzy and out of focus when the device 20 is closer or further than the optimal distance, and the crosshairs may be in focus when the device 20 is at the optimal distance. Instead of crosshairs, any other shape or design may be emitted by the device 20. For example, a single shape or indicia (such as a circle or a polygon such as a square or a triangle, etc.) or a plurality of concentric shapes (e.g., circles or polygons) may be provided to show the field or area that the light is cleaning. The device 20 may indicate the appropriate distance in other ways (e.g., an LED on the device 20 or an audible tone). The device 20 may measure the distance via another sensor (e.g., an infrared distance sensor). It should be understood that alternative systems for identifying optimal distance are within the scope of this application including but not limited to LID AR, also a light-based distance measurement system, radar, sound and equivalents.

[0037] Because the emitted U V light is typically not visible to human eyes, the device 20 may emit other visible light. For example, the device 20 may emit visible light that illuminates approximately the same area as the emitted UV light to provide a visual indication of the area being sanitized. The visible light may be any color (e.g., white, green, red, etc.). The device may emit a visible outline that approximately encompasses the area irradiated by the emitted UV light. For example, a single circle or a plurality of concentric circles may be provided (such as at a lens or mask through which the UV and visible light is emitted) to show the field or area that the light is cleaning, with the visible light emitted at that area. Thus, for example, if the device is close enough to the surface to be cleaned such that the visible light is within one or more of the circles (or any other emitted shape or polygon or indicia) and not outside of that circle or other shape or polygon or indicia, the user may know that the light intensity at the surface is sufficient to clean the surface, but if the visible light is outside of one or more of the circles or other shapes or polygons or indicia, the user may know that the device is too far from the surface so that the light intensity' at the surface is not sufficient to clean the surface.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 4, the device 20 may emit UVC light in a narrow wavelength band (e.g., at or near 222 nm). The reflective panel 36 disposed behind the lamp 28 may increase the light density in front of the lamp 28, thereby increasing the effective distance between the device 20 and the intended target area. The device 20 may include a refractor to focus the light by, for example, opening or closing an aperture or by moving or manipulating the lens or the reflective panel. The light may be focused, for example, by twisting the base 22 of the device 20, much like twisting an adjustable brass hose nozzle. The light may be focused in any other suitable manner (e.g., pushing a button, sliding a slider, pushing or pulling the base, turning a knob, the lens, or the lamp, etc.). Such adjustment allows for the device 20 to irradiate a broader or narrower swath of area as desired by the user. [0039] Referring now to FIGS. 5A-5F, the device 20 may include a lens of various different configurations in order to adjust the irradiation shape, range, and/or strength. Generally, distance from the sanitation target is inversely proportional to the irradiance at the surface and the distance is proportional to irradiation area. That is, generally, the further the device 20 is away from the target object or surface, the greater the irradiation area, but the weaker the irradiance at the surface. Different lens configurations may modify or optimize these generalities.

[0040] For example, a plano-convex lens 32a (FIG. 5A) may be used when the conjugate ratio (i.e., the ratio of the target object/surface distance from the lens over the distance from the lens to the light source) is greater than 5 (i.e., the target object/surface is far away). The plano-convex lens 32a may be shaped cylindrically to generate surface illumination or radiation in the shape of a line stretching along the surface being irradiated. This provides a high density' of UV energy' in the shape of a line on, for example, a surface that allows the user to sweep the line across the surface rather than holding it in place for an extended period. That is, all of the energy of the emitted UV light may be concentrated into the line, which may greatly reduce the exposure time necessary to sanitize a surface or object. In another example, a bi-convex lens 32b (FIG. 5 B) may be used when the typical conjugate ratio is between 0,2 and 5. In yet another example, a plano- concave lens 32c (FIG. 5C) may be used when the ratio is smaller than 0.2 (i.e., the target object/surface is near). A bi-concave lens 32d (FIG. 5D) has a negative focal length and may be used to increase the divergence of the emitted light. In still yet other examples, a positive meniscus lens 32e (FIG. 5E) or a negative meniscus lens 32f (FIG. 5F) may be used alone or with other lenses to create a compound lens assembly. The positive meniscus lens may shorten the focal length and increase numerical aperture without introducing significant spherical aberration, while the negative meniscus lens may increase the focal length and decrease the numerical aperture.

[0041] The device 20 may include a single lens or multiple lens that are used in combination to form a compound lens. The device 20 may enable the user to switch between different lenses based on the intended use. For example, the lens may be modular and swappable with other lenses. The device 20 may include multiple lenses that the user may switch between (e.g., by rotating a wheel of lenses). The device 20 may emit collimated or non-collimated light. The device 20 may use a lens that limits light absorption or reflection of emitted UV light. For example, the lens may be an uncoated UV fused silica lens. [0042] It is contemplated by the inventors that the device of the present invention will be used in close proximity to a surface being irradiated. Therefore, it is believed the conjugate ratio will be less than one, and most likely within a range of 0.2 to 0.5. In addition, it has been determined that the band pass filter 30 presents an adverse effect on the area of irradiation of the lamp 28 (also referred to herein as a source of UVC light) including decreasing surface area of irradiation. As such, adjusting optics of irradiation can be a critical enhancement to the ability to rapidly disinfect surface areas. For example, the plano-convex lens 32a, the bi-convex lens 32b and the positive meniscus 32e can be used to present a focal point of UVC onto the surface locally increasing irradiation energy above unmodified irradiation.

[0043] Referring to Figure 6, an alternate schematic of the device is generally shown at 50. A plurality of lamps 28, in this embodiment two lamps 28 are affixed within a lamp housing 52. Because the lamps 28 are contemplated to include a tubular configuration inside which krypton chloride gas is disposed, irradiation when activated is 360°. Therefore, each lamp 28 includes a reflector 54 that includes a reflective surface configured to direct illumination through the filter 30 toward the surface being irradiated. As set forth above, the filter 30 presents an adverse effect on the area of irradiation of the lamp 28. It is believed that the optimal area of irradiation is decreased relative to and overall size of the lamp 28. In this embodiment, the positive meniscus lens 32e is reversed so that the irradiation area is broadened upon passing through the lens 32e. It should be noted that light waves 56 emanating from the lamp 28 are translated to be parallel upon passing through the positive meniscus lens 32e somewhat counteracting the coherent behavior of the UVC light. In this embodiment, the area of irradiation on the surface is not anticipated to change significantly with minor changes in distance due to the parallel orientation of the light waves 56 upon exit from the positive meniscus lens 32e. However, irradiation energy at the surface is believed to be more uniform as the positive meniscus lens 32e is believed to increase uniformity.

[0044] It should be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that the alternative lenses disclosed in Figures 5A-5F may each be used to alter the irradiation area on the surface being disinfected as represented. For example, the bi-concave lens 32d showed in figure 5D may be used to expand the irradiation area of the lamps 28. If the bi-concave lens 32d is selected, distance between the lamp 28 and the surface being irradiated does affect the area of irradiation. Increasing distance between the lamp 28 and the surface being irradiated will increase the area of tire surface being irradiated while irradiation density may decrease and decreasing the distance will decrease the area of the surface being irradiated while irradiation density may increase. Further adjustments to irradiation area may be made by moving the lens 32a-32f relative to the lamp 2 while holding the lamp at a fixed distance to the surface being irradiated. Therefore, multiple use applications may be accommodated by interchanging lenses 32a-32f. The distance disposed between the lamp 28, 66 and the surface being irradiation may be correlated to achieve a predetermined pathogen eradication result.

[0045] In one embodiment, the lens 32a-32f is selected to function as a protective barrier for the filter 30 and the lamp 2. In this embodiment, the lens 32a-32f is formed from fused silica. Alternatively, the lens 32a-32f is formed from crystal. In a still further embodiment, the lens 32a-32f includes filtering properties. The filter is optionally coated on the lens 32a-32f or is chemically included in the fused silica used to form the lens. Either of these options eliminate the need to include separate filter.

[0046] A still further embodiment is shown at 60 of Figure 7. In this embodiment an alternative band pass filter 62 is made part of an alternative lamp 64. In one embodiment, the alternative band pass filter 62 is a wrap or coating applied to tube or bulb 66 enclosing the krypton chloride gas from which the L’V light is emitted. In this embodiment, the far-UVC transmission is anticipated to be more uniform rendering the plano-concave lens 32c useful in broadening the or diffusing irradiation area as represented by the light waves 56 shown in Figure 7. The surface area irradiate may be adjusted by the distance disposed between the plano-concave lens 32c and the surface being irradiated. Alternatively, the surface area being irradiated may be adjusted by moving the plano-concave lens 32c relative to the lamp 64. As with the prior embodiment, it is believed that different contoured lenses 32a-32f may be used to achieve differing irradiation patterns to fulfill a specific need or use. [0047] Alternatively, UV absorbers are included in the tube composition eliminating the need for a separate band pass filter altogether. In some embodiments, the band pass filter 62 and alternative tube or bulb 66 are hermetically sealed to protect the band pass filter 62, or in the case of the UV absorbers being included in the tube composition, the tube. As set forth above it is desirable to reduce or eliminate light waves above about 230nm. As such, a preventer 30, 62 is used to filter light having wavelengths above 230nm. It should be understood that the preventer 30, 62 may include chemical modification of the tube 66 the lens 21a-32f, specialized LED or the like that prevents or reduces transmission above 230nm. It is contemplated that an LED that transmits UVC in the Far-UVC spectrum includes a dopant that functions as an preventer to reduce or eliminates transmission of unsafe UVC light above about 230 nm. The preventer 30, 62 may also prevent transmission of light waves above 225nm.

[0048] Further adjustments to the irradiation area may be achieved by locating a collimator between the lamp 28, 64 and the surface being irradiated. In this embodiment, the collimator allows only parallel light waves to reach the surface being irradiated. Therefore, the surface area being irradiation is most likely to match the surface area of the lamp 28, 64. As such, the area of irradiation is somewhat predictable by addressing non-coherent light dissipation. This is believed useful if reflectivity is of any concern. If the surface being irradiated is primarily perpendicular to the lamp 28, 64 the UVC light will be reflected directly back toward the lamp 28, 64. Additional shaping of the UVC light transmitted from the lamp 28, 64 is achievable by configuration of the reflector 54 disposed adjacent to each lamp 28, 64.

[0049] A still further embodiment provides the lamp 28, 64 movement relative to the device 20 or device base 22 so that the i llumination surface area is more consistently covered. In operation, the lamp 28, 64 moves while an operator is scanning a surface with the device 20. In this manner increased irradiation energy is achievable in a direction radially outwardly from a central portion that otherwise would receive lower levels of irradiation. In this embodiment, the lamp 28, 64 is oscillated by a mechanical swivel while the device 20 is scanning a surface. Alternatively, the lenses 32a-32f move relative to the lamp 28, 64 to more efficiently direct optimal illumination while the device 20 is scanning a surface. [0050] In a still further embodiment the optical element is an Acousto-Optic Modulator 68 (“AOM”). In this embodiment, sound is used to modify the Far-UVC or UVC light wave being transmitted by the lamp 28. The AOM 68 uses sound, in one embodiment inaudible acoustic waves F to bend or redirect the Far-UVC light. As best represented in Figure 8, acoustic waves are directed at a lateral direction toward the Far-UVC light emitted from the lamp 26. For ease of explanation, the light emitted from the lamp is shown being transmitted in one direction. However, it should be understood to those of skill in the art that UVC light generally takes the form of non- coherent light. In this embodiment, the non-coherent U VC light is directed by the reflector. The AOM 68 collimates and modifies direction of the UVC light by transmitting sound waves to redirect the UVC lightwaves. Alternatively, the AOM, or in this case cooperative AOM ’s 68 focus the UVC light in achieving a similar affect as does the plano-convex lens 32a, the bi-convex lens 32b and the positive meniscus lens 32 to increase light energy at the surface being irradiated. Alternatively, the AOM 68, or cooperative AOM’s 68 diffuse the UVC light achieving a similar affect as does the b-concave lens 32d, the plano-concave lens 32c and the negative meniscus lens 32f increasing the surface area being irradiated.

[0051 ] Referring again to FIG. 3, the device, or more specifically, the lamp 28, may be positioned at or within approximately 12 cm from a human appendage or surface being disinfected. Notably, locating the lamp 28 approximately 12 cm away from the human appendage causes no adverse effect to the human appendage while eradicating pathogens. In one embodiment, the lamp 28 is slowly scanned while emitting far- UVC light to irradiate the surface or appendage subject to allow sufficient irradiation time to destroy the pathogens. It should be understood that the optics (e.g., a lens) may provide substantive alterations in time and intensity of the far-UVC irradiation. In a further embodiment, the lamp 28 is positioned at or within about 6 cm from the human appendage or surface being disinfected while the lamp 28 is slowly scanned over the human appendage or surface. In a still further embodiment, the lamp 28 is positioned at or within about 3 cm from the human appendage or surface being disinfected while the lamp 28 is slowly scanned over the human appendage or surface. Distance, lamp irradiating energy and optics all may contribute to the amount of time required to sufficiently eliminate pathogens disposed upon an epidermis of a human appendage, surface, and even air within the irradiation area. [0052] Optionally, the device 20 may comprise a modular design that allows for easy replacement of a variety of parts. For example, a handle, a light source (both visible and non- visible) a filter, and/or a lens of the device 20 may be removable and replaceable by a user of the device 20 without replacing the entire device 20. The handle or housing may be removed, and/or the light source may be removed and replaced and/or the power source or battery may be removed and replaced and/or the filter or lens may be removed and replaced. The various components may snap or otherwise attach to a central circuit element or device or structure (including a printed circuit board and control circuitry for operating and controlling the device).

[0053] Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, the device provides a means to sanitize small surface areas and or the air surrounding the surface areas. For example, shoes before entering house, faucets in restroom, door handles, public table before eating, utensils, toys, remote control, sinks, office spaces, etc. When activated, the device works to eliminate harmful, illness causing bacteria and germs that are not visible to the human eye.

[0054] The invention has been described is in an illustrative manner; many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. It is therefore to be understood that within the specification, the reference numerals are merely for convenience, and are not to be in any way limiting, and that the invention may be practiced otherwise than is specifically described. Therefore, the invention can be practiced otherwise than is specifically described within the scope of the stated claims following this first disclosed embodiment.