Technological Field:

The invention relates to a valuation system that detects earthquake, flood, fire and similar traumatic histones of concrete structures with its sensors and transforms it into an understandable, measurable and comparable numerical value within a certain systematic.

State of the Art:

While machines are getting smarter and smarter, when looking at buildings, it can be easily seen that buildings hardly communicate with humans. It is known that the structural features of the buildings change over time. It is not known how the traumatic events earthquake, fire, flood, etc., the buildings experienced, such as these, changed these features, except for superficial observations or destructive measurements.

Buildings should gradually be expected to communicate with people in a way that conveys their problems. It has been scientifically proven that buildings have a negative effect on the strength of the traumas they experience. As a result of similar traumas, it is a common case that the traces of these traumas are easily covered and suppressed in a way that misleads the users.

Most of the settlements in the world are located on active tectonic zones. Similarly, our country is located on the Alpine-Himalayan zone, which is one of the seismic belt in the world. Due to its complex geological structure and geodynamic location, many active faults have been identified in our country. Numerous engineering structures have been built on these faults. Engineering structures located on active zones are exposed to deformations, settlements and serious disasters due to earthquakes. For example, hyperstatic carrier systems are very sensitive to settlements. The greater the settlement differences in the foundations of these structures, the greater the resulting additional stress values. Similarly, fires, settlements, vertical deviations, etc., can happen in buildings during natural disasters. For this reason, it is extremely important to monitor the deformation or acceleration caused by earthquake and/or settlement in buildings over time.

Buildings are immovables whose structural weaknesses can be easily concealed through restorative and reconstructive attempts. Users have the right and obligation to know the quality of the goods they buy, and this is known as "Caveat Emptor".

With the use of appropriate technology, it is possible to warn the buyer or user of the immovables, which are called buildings, whose defects can be easily covered.

Embedded wireless sensors are discussed in the US patent document numbered US20170284996A1 encountered in the literature search. The main idea of the system in the document is to monitor the quality of concrete from preparation to pouring and beyond. The process can even be monitored from cement trucks. The sensors are embedded in concrete within the protective housing and are battery powered. In case the construction company does not like the concrete quality, a number of advantages are mentioned, up to the rejection of the concrete before casting.

The Chinese patent document CN103541552A, encountered in the literature search, monitors the cracks in the concrete after casting and the concrete temperature via mobile phone.

In the US patent document numbered US10184928B2 encountered in the literature search, the quality of the concrete at the construction site is ensured through temperature, humidity, salinity, impedance and conductivity. Concrete quality is transmitted wirelessly to a processor. A drone support was also envisaged during its follow-up.

The Japanese patent document JP2002202184A, encountered in the literature search, aims to quickly detect the collective control of many concrete structures and the damages that occur in these structures, regardless of the human factor. Cracks in concrete structures are detected by vibration sensors embedded in the structures and transmitted to a control center for analysis, either wired or wirelessly. In this way, the condition of concrete structures is collectively controlled. In the Chinese patent document number CN102937646B, encountered in the literature search, a system created to monitor the health of concrete structures is discussed. This system consists of sensor subsystem, data processing subsystem, communication system and surveillance center. The sensor subsystem consists of parts such as a piezoelectric smart aggregate used to observe the aggregation structure of the crack, a piezoelectric force transducer used to obtain the impact load of the structure, and an acceleration transducer used for structural vibration information. The data acquisition subsystem consists of data acquisition card and load amplifier, powering the piezoelectric ceramic, etc. It consists of an auxiliary device that does the job. Communication system is provided with TCP/IP protocol via cable. The surveillance center, on the other hand, is composed of software that includes active monitoring, passive monitoring and acceleration monitoring modules.

In the CN103913514A Chinese patent document encountered in the literature search, temperature and gradient cracks of a large volume concrete are discussed. Before the concrete is poured, structural steel rods are sewn, and the side surfaces of the separate rods with a temperature sensor and an acoustic emission sensor are bonded with resin. The surfaces of the sensors are also coated with resin to provide waterproofing. These sensors are connected to the digital temperature recorder and acoustic emission monitoring device, respectively, via cables. The temperature sensor was used to determine the temperature gradient, and the acoustic emission sensor was used to track high volume concrete and detect the position of cracks.

When we look at the inventions mentioned above, it is seen that there are studies on tracing the concrete quality since the establishment of the concrete quality, stress monitoring is carried out in the buildings and even cracks that may occur immediately after concrete pouring are controlled.

It is clear that no study has translated the traumas of the building such as floods, earthquakes and fires into some sort of damage or aging index. With BITEX (Building Cumulative Trauma Index), it will be possible to compare buildings of the same physical age and classify the traumas experienced. Even if local damages occur, the building may still be intact. Other damage detection methods overlook this point.

As a result, there is a need for a valuation system in which the known state of the art is overcome and its disadvantages are eliminated. Brief Description of the Invention:

The invention is a building valuation system, in which the known state of the art is overcome, its disadvantages are eliminated and it has additional features.

The aim of the invention is to present a valuation system to inform ordinary users about the quality, capacity and temporal evolution of carrier elements through a set of universally understandable indicators.

Another aim of the invention is to introduce a valuation system that measures slope, acceleration, humidity, corrosion and fire data, which is placed in columns and various parts of the building, and obtains a value index by processing the measurement data in a server environment.

The following advantages are achieved by the present invention. a) It makes it possible for buildings to communicate with people about their carrier elements, b) In addition to natural disasters such as fire, flood and earthquake, the weakening of buildings due to aging will be transformed into a structural memory, c) This memory unit can easily enter government protection with a standard regulation in the future. In this way, interference with devices embedded in concrete will be considered a crime. This means that devices embedded in concrete record everything that happens for life, without intervention, d) This memory value will be used as an indicator value when buying, selling or renting buildings, so it will be possible to compare buildings with each other, e) It prevents the consumer from being misled or defrauded, f) Consumers will be able to request information from building carrier systems and read an understandable data with mobile devices now available in every consumer. This value can be viewed as a kind of building mileage indicator, g) No superficial improvement, fagade make-up aimed at deceiving the consumer will erase the trauma memory of the building, h) It will be a decisive factor in the purchase, sale or rental of buildings, i) Sensors embedded in concrete are coded based on their location. In this way, the information to be received is matched with the location, j) It will be possible to direct the information about the latest status of the buildings after the traumas to a relevant institution with a cloud communication, for example, to the Ministries of Environment and Urbanization of the countries, and to intervene in the monitoring and control of each building by the state and, if necessary, for life safety. k) Again, consumers will have the chance to weigh their desired residences without leaving their homes within a similar cloud system.

In order to realize all the objectives mentioned above and which will emerge from the detailed explanation below, the present invention is a valuation system that detects earthquake, flood, fire and similar traumatic histories of concrete structures with its sensors and transforms it into an understandable, measurable and comparable numerical value within a certain systematic and its feature; It contains at least one accelerometer embedded in the concrete that performs acceleration measurement in three directions in case of earthquake, shaking and all kinds of vibrations located on the building columns, includes at least one moisture sensor embedded in the concrete that measures humidity to be positioned in any part of the building, and measures whether the building has a fire history or not. it contains at least one fire sensor, it contains at least one tilt sensor embedded in the concrete that measures the slope value of the columns and the corrosion value over the resistance of the column bars, a data in which data from the tilt sensor, fire sensor, humidity sensor and accelerometer are stored. It is characterized by that it contains a data transmission unit that provides the transmission of data in the data collection unit to the server.

Explanation of Figures:

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the features of the invention will be more clearly understood. However, it is not intended to limit the invention to these particular embodiments. On the contrary, it is also intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents that may be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It is to be understood that the details shown are for illustrative purposes only and are intended to provide the most useful and easy to understand description of both the embodiment of the methods and the conventions and conceptual features of the invention. In these drawings;

Figure - 1 The subject of the invention is the view for the valuation system.

Figures that will help to understand the present invention are numbered as indicated in the attached picture and are given below with their names.

Explanation of References:

I. Building

10. Data acquisition unit

II. Humidity sensor

12. Accelerometer

13. Fire sensor

14. Tilt sensor

15. Data transmission unit

16. Mounting screw

Description of the Invention:

In this detailed explanation, the valuation system that is the subject of the invention is only explained with examples that will not create any limiting effect for a better understanding of the subject.

The description describes a valuation system that detects earthquake, flood, fire and similar traumatic histones of concrete structures with its sensors and transforms it into an understandable, measurable and comparable numerical value within a certain systematic.

The representative view of the building (1 ) where the valuation system of the invention is applied is given in Figure 1. Accordingly, in the columns, beams and similar sections of the building (1 ), there are many humidity sensors (11 ), accelerometer (12), fire sensor (13) and tilt sensor (14) embedded in the concrete, each sensor records its related data, collects it and transmits it to the data collection unit (10). The data collection unit (10) transfers the collected data to a server (20) with a data transmission unit (15), and the server (20) processes these transferred data.

In the invention, two types of data collection methods are introduced with the data collection unit (10). In the first, the system is a completely passive platform. The interrogating mobile device sends the energy needed by the concrete embedded system. Measurements recorded with the sent energy are routed back to the mobile device at an appropriate fraction of the frequency to which the energy was sent. This method is similar to the backscattering technique in RFID devices. It is a mobile version only. Although this passive device is passive in the transmission of data, it is divided into two in itself. In the first of the passive devices, the data collection system is also passive. That is, the measurement is made and recorded only at the time of inquiry. When the query is finished, both measurement and recording are terminated. In the other version of the passive device, the measurements are active and they are equipped with a battery that is considered to be sufficient for its lifetime. The device is always kept in deep sleep, except for events that exceed the threshold value. With the use of microcontrollers with nano-watt technology, battery consumption is almost zero unless needed. Active devices have either battery or permanent supply or alternative energy acquisition methods. The buildings where these devices are embedded transmit data 24 hours a day or event-based, if requested. Battery- powered devices can be put into deep sleep, if desired, and event-based data processing can be provided.

In the invention, the humidity sensors (11 ), which are planned to be located especially on the ground, roof and intermediate floors of the building, are multi-use and increase the humidity counter by one degree each time the determined threshold value is exceeded. Another counter keeps the stopwatch on as long as it exceeds the threshold value of the humidity sensor. In other words, how many times and how long the humidity stays high inside the building is shared with the consumer.

The accelerometers (12) in the columns measure the column accelerations in earthquakes and similar tremors. The accelerometers (12) are placed in a metallic or composite shell to withstand the load on it. This strong shell contains the sensor and the card, the shell form does not matter. It can be of any form, for example, a sphere. Against a disaster such as fire, a disposable fire sensor (13) has been developed. This fire sensor (13) is very economical and has a structure that is irreversible with heat. The fire sensor to be embedded in concrete is housed in a protective shell to withstand the concrete pressure. There are two contact points in this protective shell. This electrical structure, which is prevented from pressing and contacting each other with the wax solidified between them, is used as a fire sensor (13). If the shell temperature exceeds 65 °C in the location of this shell, the wax will melt and remain in the contact position all the time. In this way, the fire sensor (13) of a building that has suffered a fire only works once and for the last time, recording the fire history.

Inclination (or steepness) sensors (14) suitable for plumbing will be placed on the columns of the building (1 ) at the first assembly. It is undesirable for the inclination sensors (14) to measure the inclination continuously. The last slope value is the most significant value. However, in order to learn when the slope changes, the registration of the slope sensor (14) can be done if desired. The inclination sensors (14) can be duplicated on the building (1 ) as needed. After an earthquake trauma, if a slope shift occurs, this shift is used to warn the consumer or buyer. The tilt sensors (14) also measure the resistance of the bars of the iron in the columns of the building (1 ). Thus, the corrosion value can be determined.

For the recording of the earthquake process, the energy that the earthquake activity brings to the building is used. If the threshold earthquake intensity is not exceeded, no registration or action is taken. In order to compare the buildings with each other, the earthquake signal, a kind of Rainfall systematic or the equivalent earthquake intensity is calculated with the Palmgren-Miner systematic. The trick here is that since the measurement will be made with the accelerometer (12) located on the building and the results will be evaluated, it will be calculated over the acceleration value perceived by the structural system of the building, regardless of the intensity of the earthquake. In this way, it is possible to express the numerical equivalent of the building natural frequency and structure analysis, including the ground structure as a whole.

Below is the formulation used to access the output of the building (1 ) valuation system. The data coming from the sensors (11 , 12, 14) are processed in the server (20) in accordance with this formula. The value obtained as a result of processing the data is called “BITEX”. In some parts of the specification, the output may be referred to as "BITEX”. BITEX is clearly given above as a flowchart. In this realization of BITEX, the acceleration consists of humidity and the rate of change in resistance read from the rebar.

In this realization, the intensity of the acceleration values in all directions (a _x ,a a _z ) is taken into account. Momentarily with that acceleration value, the time (/, ) during which the acceleration is observed is taken as basis. This process is continued until the end of the acceleration generating process.

Normal humidity values in buildings are entered into the system and displayed with H _o . If this norm accepted threshold value H is exceeded, a penalty index is deducted during the time the moisture content exceeds this threshold value. The ^,^ ₂ and ^ coefficients in the processes are weight or importance coefficients. Thus, when the acceleration and humidity calculations do not produce numerically equivalent values, normalization can be made over these coefficients.

When the data is processed in the server (20) with the BITEX formulation, the value obtained becomes an index value, and this situation is applied to all buildings, and a value for comparing the buildings is obtained. The way the valuation system works is explained below;

In the invention, the acceleration values in three directions with the accelerometers (12), the humidity values of the building (1 ) with the humidity sensors (11 ), the corrosion values with the tilt sensors (14) are measured and transmitted to the data collection unit (10). It is transmitted to a server (20) by the transmission unit (15). Subsequently, the acceleration values in three directions measured by the accelerometers (11 ) on the server (20) during earthquake, shaking and similar vibration moments are calculated by the method of the square root of the sum of the squares of a single equivalent acceleration and scaled with a coefficient. Next, there is a AH (humidity difference) value for humidity levels above the optimum humidity level, and it is scaled with a coefficient by calculating how long this value affects the building. The corrosion data coming from the tilt sensor (14) in the server (20) are calculated and collected separately over time, and the final corrosion value is normalized with a coefficient. The earthquake, humidity and corrosion data normalized with the coefficients are collected in the server (20), and a score/penalty value (numerical magnitude) is obtained.