A VEHICLE COMPRISING RECORDING APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING EVIDENCE IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT

This invention relates to a vehicle and, more especially, this invention relates to a vehicle comprising recording apparatus for providing evidence in the event of an accident.

When accidents occur, there is invariably a dispute as to the circumstances surrounding the accident and who is to blame for the accident. The circumstances surrounding an accident were often originally recorded in writing. With increases in technology, the recording of the accident circumstances in writing has been superceded by the use of cameras which provide visual evidence. Known camera systems often do not provide an adequate recording of the accident circumstances.

It is an aim of the present invention to obviate or reduce the above mentioned problems.

Accordingly, in one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention there is provided a vehicle comprising recording apparatus for providing evidence in the event of an accident: the recording apparatus comprising a first camera, first switch means and second switch means; and the recording apparatus being such that the first camera faces in a forward direction, the first camera has recording means for providing a continuous video recording, the first switch means causes operation of the first camera consequent upon the vehicle starting to move, the recording means records

continuously over what has previously been recorded whereby the video recording is normally only temporarily retained, the second switch means operates consequent upon the accident and causes the video recording to be retained thereby providing a permanent recording of events leading up to the accident, the first camera is removable from the vehicle, and the first camera is constructed and adapted on removal from the vehicle to be ready for taking a video recording of events which are subsequent to the accident and thereby to provide permanent recording of extra evidence relating to the accident.

The recording apparatus enables the provision of a very good degree of evidence in the event of an accident. Such evidence may assist in the swift resolving of disputes as to who was blame for an accident. Drivers of vehicles provided with the recording apparatus may be able to obtain lower insurance premiums due to the presence of the apparatus.

The vehicle may be one in which the first camera is such that the video recording which is subsequent to the accident is able to be taken in the form of still images and/or a continuous recording comprising one or more video recorded clips. The video recorded clips may be, for example, clips of different witnesses making statements.

The recording apparatus may be such that the recording of events leading up to the accident and/or the recording of events subsequent to the accident are accompanied by an audio recording.

Advantageously, the first camera records such that the recording of the events leading up to the accident and/or the recording of the events

subsequent to the accident are provided with at least one of time, date and location of the recording. This information may be helpful in determining circumstances surrounding the accident. The location of the recording may be effected using a global positioning satellite (GPS) system.

The first camera may have one or more lenses. Thus, the camera may have a single lens which will usually be a front facing lens. Alternatively, the first camera may have a front facing lens, a left facing lens, and a right facing lens. The left and right facing lenses may be provided at any suitable appropriate angles to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle, in order to give maximum desired angular coverage.

The or each lens of the first camera may have a polarising filter or coating for counter-acting glass reflection from the vehicle windscreen and/or side windows.

The or each lens may be arranged to be of a fixed focus, or alternatively able automatically focused.

The or each lens may have a zoom capability.

The recording means for providing a continuous recording of the events leading up to the accident may be a memory loop. The memory loop may be a random access memory loop. Other means for providing the continuous recording of the events leading up to the accident may be employed.

The vehicle may include auxiliary memory means for enabling the recording of a copy of the events leading up to the accident. The auxiliary memory means may be a memory chip. The memory chip may be a flash

memory card or similar memory means. The auxiliary memory means may operate on activation of the first switch means and/or on an appropriate action of the vehicle driver. If the vehicle driver decides to switch on the auxiliary memory means, then the vehicle driver basically takes a controlling action such for example as operating a switch or giving a voice command for a voice-activated control device.

The recording apparatus may include encryption means for encrypting recorded data that is recorded by the auxiliary memory means.

Events recorded subsequent to the accident may be recorded in a similar manner to events recorded prior to the accident. Other means may be employed for recording events subsequent to the accident if desired.

The recording apparatus may include voice-activated control means for enabling the recording apparatus to be controlled via speech recognition.

The recording means may be one in which the first switch means is an ignition switch of the vehicle. Alternatively, the first switch means may be an accelerometer. The accelerometer may be set to operate at a predetermined G-force. The accelerometer may be adjustable, for example by being re-programmable, in order to provide a G-force that is appropriate for different makes of vehicle. For example, a heavier vehicle will usually require a greater G-force on the accelerometer than will a lighter vehicle.

The second switch means may be an accelerometer. The accelerometer may operated as described above for the first switch means when the first switch means is an accelerometer.

The first camera may advantageously be mounted between a rear view mirror and a windscreen of the vehicle, thereby utilising dead space that would otherwise be unoccupied.

The vehicle may include holder means for removeably holding the first camera in position on the vehicle. Any suitable and appropriate type of holder means may be employed. Preferably, the holder means comprises a first housing part, a second housing part, and hinge means for allowing the second housing part to pivot with respect of the first housing part so that the holder means is able to be opened for removal of the first camera, and closed for holding the first camera. Clip means may be provided for enabling the first and second housing parts to open and close.

The vehicle may include pivot means for enabling the holder means to pivot with respect to a part of the vehicle to which the holder means is secured. Any suitable and appropriate type of pivot means may be employed. Preferably, the pivot means comprises an attachment bracket, a pivot arrangement, and attachment means which is attached to the part of the vehicle to which the holder means is attached. The attachment means is preferably a self-adhesive pad. Other types of attachment means may be employed.

Advantageously, the first camera includes a display screen. Preferably, the display screen is a pivoting display screen which is able to be pivoted between a closed non-use position and an open use position. The display screen may be used as a viewfinder for initial alignment of the first camera in position on the vehicle. The display screen may additionally

or alternatively be used for reviewing recording clips or other recordings of an accident. Where the display screen is a pivoting display screen, then the display screen and user-interface controls may be provided as a flip-down panel on the bottom of the first camera.

The vehicle may include recording-commencing means for causing the first camera to record in the event that the camera is in the vehicle, the vehicle is stationary, and the accident then happens. The recording- commencing means is preferably sensitivity-increasing means for increasing the sensitivity of the second switch means. Other recording-commencing means may be employed. The use of the recording-commencing means may be especially advantageous if the vehicle is left unattended, for example in a car park or on a road, and an accident occurs of the type where the perpetrator believes that there are no witnesses around and drives away without reporting the accident. In such a case, the vehicle of the present invention would have recorded the accident.

The recording apparatus may include a second camera which faces rearward Iy.

The second camera may be able to record events leading up to the accident on the recording means of the first camera. Alternatively, the second camera may have its own recording means. Recording from the second camera onto the first camera may be effected by a wire or a wireless connection.

The second camera will usually not be demountable for the purpose of taking a video recording of the events subsequent to the accident. This is

because everything can be done by the first camera. Therefore the second camera can be made more cheaply than the first camera because the second camera will have less functions to perform.

The vehicle may include a third camera which faces to the left, and a fourth camera which faces to the right. With these cameras, the vehicle may be able to achieve 360° camera vision.

The third and fourth cameras may be able to record the events leading up to the accident on the recording means of the first camera. This may be done via a wire or wireless connection. Alternatively, the third and fourth cameras may be provided with their own recording means.

The vehicle may include a fifth camera which faces into the vehicle and which is for obtaining the recording of people in the vehicle as part of the events leading up to the accident. The fifth camera may record the events leading up to the accident on the recording means of the first camera. This may be done using a wire or a wireless connection. Alternatively, the fifth camera may have its own recording means.

The recording apparatus may be connected to an integrated vehicle network. The network may be a Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) network, a FlexRay network, a Bluetooth network, or a similar cable or wireless integrated network.

The vehicle may be one in which at least one of the cameras enables the display of real time images for facilitating parking of the vehicle, the display being provided on a display screen in the vehicle.

The display screen may be a flat screen or a liquid crystal display screen. Other types of display screen may be employed.

The display screen may be mounted on a retractable mounting that enables the screen to be in a stored position and in a use position. Alternatively, the display screen can be in one fixed position.

The first camera may include download and upload means for downloading and uploading data. The data may be, for example, downloaded onto- a personal computer. The downloading may be effected via a cable or wireless connection. The downloading may be from random access memory loops in the camera to a remote location using a wireless connection for example as a radio wave connection. Additionally, the first camera may use this link to upload additional information. This may include new and updated functionality data as well as a vehicle specific triggering G- force.

Preferably, as much as possible of the recording apparatus is included in a fireproof housing. Thus there may be a fireproof housing for the or each camera.

The vehicle may include locking means for locking the first camera in position until such time as the first camera is required to be demounted. The locking means may be a key lock, a card key lock, an immobiliser chip, or any other suitable and desired locking means.

The recording means may record by compressing data using a compression algorithm. The algorithm may be M-JPEG, MPEG or similar compression means.

The camera or cameras may be constructed for low light conditions. This is desirable in case an accident should occur at night or in other bad visibility conditions. The camera or cameras may thus operate using a flash or bright light emitting diodes if required for low light conditions.

The or each camera may be powered by at least one of a rechargeable battery contained within the or each camera, or a connection to a battery of the vehicle.

The or each camera may be powered by solar energy and capable of recording whilst the vehicle is stationary.

The vehicle may be any road vehicle including cars, vans, lorries, buses and coaches.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a vehicle comprising first recording apparatus for providing evidence in the event of an accident;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a first camera used in the vehicle shown in Figure 1 ;

Figure 3 shows the coverage afforded by cameras employed in the vehicle shown in Figure 1 ;

Figure 4 is a front view of the camera shown in Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a side view of the camera as shown in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a top view of the camera as shown in Figure 4;

Figure 7 is a rear view of the camera as shown in Figure 4;

Figure 8 is a side view showing in detail the positioning of the first camera shown in Figure 2;

Figure 9 is similar to Figure 1 which shows a viewing screen in a use position;

Figure 10 is a front view of the first camera from the outside of the vehicle;

Figure 11 is a top view of the first camera as installed;

Figure 12 is a side view of a second camera which faces to the rear of the vehicle;

Figure 13 is a side view of the second camera;

Figure 14 is a top view of the second camera;

Figure 15 is a rear view of a third side facing camera;

Figure 16 shows the third camera attached to a vehicle body panel;

Figure 17 is a top view of the third camera;

Figure 18 is a right side view of the third camera;

Figure 19 is a block diagram of the components that make up the four cameras recording apparatus shown in Figure 1 ;

Figure 20 shows an alternative block diagram to that shown in Figure 19; and

Figure 21 is a perspective view from inside a vehicle of part of second recording apparatus;

Figure 22 is a view of the recording apparatus shown in Figure 1 as viewed from outside the vehicle;

Figure 23 is a view like Figure 22 but without the first camera shown in Figure 22; and

Figure 24 is a block circuit diagram of components used in the recording apparatus shown in Figures 21 - 23.

Referring to Figures 1 - 19, there is shown a vehicle 2 comprising recording apparatus 4 for providing evidence in the event of an accident.

The recording apparatus 4 comprises a first camera 6, first switch means 8, and second switch means 10. The recording apparatus 4 is such that the first camera 6 faces in a forward direction as shown in Figure 1. The first camera 6 has recording means 12 for providing a continuous video recording. The first switch means 8 causes operation of the first camera 6 consequent upon the vehicle 2 starting to move. The recording means 12 records continuously over what has previously been recorded, whereby the video recording is normally only temporarily retained.

The second switch means 10 operates consequent upon the accident and causes the video recording to be retained, thereby providing a permanent recording of events leading up to the accident.

The first camera 6 is removable from the vehicle. The first camera 6 is constructed and adapted on removal from the vehicle 2 to be ready for taking a video recording of events which are subsequent to the accident and thereby to provide a permanent record of extra evidence relating to the accident. The first camera 6 is such that the video recording which is subsequent to the accident is able to be taken as a continuous recording comprising one or more video recorded clips, for example of statements

from different witnesses. The video clips comprise an audio recording in addition to visual recording.

The first camera 6 records such that the recording of the events leading up to the accident and also the recording of the events subsequent to the accident are provided with time, date and location of the recording. By this means, extra evidence is able to be provided. The location of the recording is able to be effected using a global positioning satellite system.

The first camera 6 has a front facing lens 14, a left facing lens 16, and a right facing lens 18. Figure 3 shows a field-of-view 20 from the front facing lens 14, a field-of-view 22 from the left facing lens 16, and a field-of- view 24 from the right facing lens 18. The lenses 14, 16, 18 have a polarizing filter for counteracting glass reflection from a windscreen 26 and/or side windows 28, 30 of the vehicle 2. The lenses 14, 16, 18 are either fixed focus or able to be focused automatically. The lenses 14, 16, 18 also have a zoom facility.

The recording means 12 for providing the continuous recording of the events leading up to the accident is a memory loop. The memory loop is preferably a random access memory loop.

The recording apparatus 4 includes auxiliary memory means 32 i which is in the form of a memory chip and which is for enabling the making of a copy of the events leading up to the accident. The memory chip may be a flash memory chip or similar non-volatile memory means. The memory chip may be a digital CCD small or CMOS. The recording onto the auxiliary memory means 32 may be effected automatically on activation of the first

switch means. Alternatively or in addition, the recording on the auxiliary memory means 32 may be effected by the vehicle driver, for example in any situation where the vehicle driver feels that the recording of some event needs to be made on the auxiliary memory means 32.

The recording apparatus 4 includes encryption means 34 for encrypting recorded data that is recorded by the auxiliary memory means. This provides extra security of evidence obtained relating to the accident.

The vehicle 2 includes voice-activated control means 36 for enabling the recording apparatus 4 to be voice-activated. The voice activation will usually be solely by the driver but it may also be activated by passengers if desired.

The first switch means is an accelerometer. The accelerometer is set to operate at a predetermined G-force appropriate for the particular type of vehicle 2.

The first camera 6 is mounted between a rear view mirror 38 and the windscreen 26.

The recording apparatus 4 includes a second camera 40 which faces rearwardly. The second camera 40 is able to record the events leading up to the accident on the recording means of the first camera 6. The second camera 40 is not demountable for the purpose of taking a video recording of the events subsequent to the accident. This is because only one camera needs to be demountable and this is the first camera. As shown in Figure 3, the second camera 40 has a lens 42 which gives a rear field-of-view 44. The lens 42 may be provided with a filter in the same manner as the lenses

14, 16, 18 in order to avoid reflection from the rear screen 46 of the vehicle 2.

The vehicle 2 includes a third camera 48 which faces to the left, and a fourth camera 50 which faces to the right. As can be seen from Figures 1 and 3, the third camera 48 and the fourth camera 50 are mounted on the outside of the vehicle adjacent the ends of a bumper 52 of the vehicle 2. The third camera 48 and the fourth camera 50 face outwardly and rearwardly such that the third camera 48 gives a field-of-view 54 and a the fourth camera 50 gives a field-of-view 56. Figure 3 shows how the cameras 6, 40, 48, 50 give a substantially 360° field-of-view around the vehicle 2. The third and fourth cameras 48, 50 record directly onto the recording means in (or associated with) the first camera 6. The third and fourth cameras 48, 50 are not demountable.

The vehicle 2 has a display screen 58. The display screen 58 is a liquid crystal display screen. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the display screen 58 is mounted on a retractable mounting that enables the display screen 58 to be in a stored position as shown in Figure 8 and in a use position as shown in Figure 9.

The first camera 6 includes download means 60 (not shown) for downloading the recorded data, for example onto a personal computer.

The cameras 6, 40, 48, 50 are each provided with a fire-proof housing 62 for ensuring that the recording is not destroyed in the event of a fire within the vehicle 2.

The recording apparatus 4 has locking means 64 for locking the first camera 6 in position until such time as the first camera 6 is required to be demounted. Locking means 64 includes a locking plate 66 which, when unlocked, is able to lock downwardly about a hinge 68. The first camera 6 can be demounted.

Figure 9 shows in details how the first camera 6 is positioned between the rear view mirror 38 and the front windscreen 36. Attachment is effected via a windscreen attachment stalk 70, a harness 72 and a ratchet hinge 74. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the rear view mirror 38 pivots about a ball joint 76 positioned at one end of the harness 72.

The recording apparatus 4 may operate by recording using a compression algorithm such for example as M-PEG or MPEG. The various cameras 6, 40, 48, 50 are constructed for operating at low light conditions, in case of an accident in poor visibility or at night. As shown in Figure 19 and 20, the recording apparatus 4 is able to be provided with power from one or more of a power supply 78, a battery 80 which is preferably a rechargeable battery and an external power source 82.

Figure 2 shows how the recording apparatus 4 includes a microphone 84 forming part of the voice-activated control means 6. Figure 4 shows how first camera 6 has right light emitting diodes 86 for providing good light and helping to capture images in poor visibility or at night. Figure 4 also shows the use of a patch antenna 88 for receiving GPS data and transmitting wireless data externally. Microphone speaker holes 90 are provided in the camera fire proof housing 62 in order to allow the microphone 84 to receive

sound data. The camera housing may be made from a plastics material, a composite material, or a metal.

Figure 5 shows the use of a USB connection socket. In Figure 5 only the left facing lens 16 is shown. The microphone speaker holes 90 as shown in Figure 5 allow sound to be projected outside of the camera body by an internal speaker component.

Figure 6 shows a power connector port 96, a cable connector port 98 and the patch antenna 88. The two ports 96, 98 are centrally positioned for vertical insertion. The cable connector port 98 could alternatively be replaced with a short distance wireless receiver and transmitter aerial to provide wireless data transfer between cameras. A shutter switch 100 is for initialing single shots and video image capture appears towards the right. The display screen 58 is advantageously a motorised display screen 58 which is able to move between its stored and use positions under control of a motor.

Figure 7 is a rear view of the first camera 6 and it shows a mode dial 102, a USB port 104, and function buttons 108, 110. Also shown in Figure 7 is how the display screen 58 forms part of a panel 112. The mode dial and function switches 102, 108, 110 allow for user preferences and camera usage selection. The mode dial 102 may also act as a on/off switch. The USB port/socket 104 is to allow for a direct computer connection. The display screen 58 is provided in the base of the motorised panel 112.

As mentioned above, Figures 8 and 9 show the first camera 6 in position between the front windscreen 26 and the rear view mirror 38. Thus

the first camera 6 occupies space that would normally be dead space in the vehicle 2. The first camera 6 is inserted vertically into the harness 72. The harness may be made of a plastics material, a composite material or a metal. The windscreen attachment stalk 70 is bonded to the windscreen 26. Alternatively, the stalk 70 could be attached to the vehicle body, for example the interior side of the roof. The stalk 70 is attached to the harness 72 through the ratchet hinge 74. The ratchet hinge 74 enables the harness 72 to obtain the optimum angle for the first camera 6. The locking plate 66 secures the underside of the first camera 6 and prevents it from dropping out once the first camera 6 has been inserted into the harness 72.

The locking plate 66 protrudes into a recess with the base of the body of the first camera 6. The locking plate 66 moves on the hinge 68. The locking mechanisms 64 may be controlled by a key, card key, immobiliser device, or a voice activated device. The locking mechanism 64 is for preventing theft of the first camera 6.

A power cable and a data cable are able to descend from the vertical roof within the stalk 70 for vertical attachment to the top side of the first camera 6.

Figure 10 is a front view of the first camera 6 from the vehicle exterior. It will be seen that the harness 72 includes a cut-out 114 for the front facing lens 14 of the first camera 6.

Figure 11 is a top view of the installed first camera 6, but excludes the stalk 70 for ease of illustration. The location of the ports 96, 98 for the power and cable connector terminals allows the terminal an unhindered

passage to the main camera ports, whilst keeping them securely in place. Therefore the first camera 6 can be removed from the harness 72 and replaced without the need to insert each connector terminal back into the respective socket. The angled rear side of the housing for the first camera 6 allows the rear view mirror 38 free motion to be positioned correctly. This is irrespective of left hand or right hand drive vehicle usage.

Figure 12 shows how, on either side of the rear facing lens 42 of the second camera 40, there are rear windscreen attachment panels 118. These are bonded to the rear position and keep the camera 40 in position. The angle of the lens can be adjusted relative to the rear screen 46 via a ratchet hinge 120 shown in Figure 13. As can be seen from Figure 13, the panels 118 extend away from the housing of the camera 40 at an angle in order to meet the rear windscreen 46. Figure 14 shows how the top of the camera 40 is provided with a cable connector port 122. The cable connector 122 allows for a cable connection to the first camera 6. The cable connector port 122 could alternatively equally well be replaced with a wireless short distance receiver and transmitter aerial (not shown) for providing wireless date transfer between the second camera 40 and the first camera 6.

Figure 15 shows the fourth camera 50. It will be seen that the fourth camera 50 has a rear facing lens 124. The fourth camera 50 is shown secured to the side of a body panel 126 of the vehicle 2.

Figure 16 is a top view of the fourth camera 50 and shows a cable connector port 12B and two screw holes 130. The two screw holes 130 are

for attachment to the body panel 126. The cable port 128 is for a cable connection to the first camera 6. The cable connector port 128 could alternatively equally well be replaced by a wireless short distance receiver and transmitter aerial (not shown) for providing wireless data between the fourth camera 50 and the first camera 6.

Figure 17 is a top view of the camera 50 and it shows the shape of the housing of the camera 50 on the top.

Figure 18 is a right side view of the camera 50 and shows the rear facing lens 124. The third camera 48 is the same as the fourth camera 50.

Figure 19 is a flow chart of the components that make up the first camera 6, the second camera 40, the third camera 40, the third camera 48 and the fourth camera 50. The four camera set-up is powered via the connection to the vehicle battery. When the first camera 6 is removed and used externally, a rechargeable battery provides the means of power supply. The cameras 40, 48, 50 have a direct connection to the vehicle battery when connected wirelessly to the first camera 6.

The first camera 6 is switched on when a vibration switch senses that the vehicle 2 is in motion. Alternatively, the camera could switch on directly when the vehicle engine is started as determined by an integrated vehicle network. Furthermore the unit could be started by the internal rechargeable battery having received sufficient power through a connection to solar panels. When initiation occurs the microprocessor powers on the boots from a boot ROM. The microprocessor controls a dedigated block of RAM. The microprocessor sends data through the digital signal processors (DSP)

to a cable/wireless encoder and decoder where it is encoded and sent remotely by wireless or cable means to a cable/wireless encoder and decoder local to the cameras where the data is decoded. This data dictates the image resolution and the frames per second capture from the lenses. Although not shown here, the microprocessor may also bypass the digital signal processors and directly interface with the cable/wireless encoder and decoder in the first camera 6.

As shown in Figure 19, the first camera 6 has the three lenses 14, 16, 18. Images from these lenses are fed directly into the digital signal processors via a data interface. The remote second, third and fourth cameras 40, 48, 50 are described by their location, with the lens direction appearing in brackets underneath the name. The image data from these cameras is encoded to wireless or cable form. This data then travels to the first camera 6, where it is decoded and fed to the digital signal processors. Sound data from the microphone is encoded and transmitted with the data from the second camera 40. Similarly, the connections to the other remote cameras 48, 50 may also carry separate sound signals. In the embodiment shown in Figure 19, sound data from the remote microphone is uncompressed, and stored on a memory loop on the RAM block used by the microprocessor.

Each individual data signal processor and each individual random access memory (RAM) block handles the image/sound processing from one lens. The data is processed with a compression algorithm and temporarily stored on a separate block of RAM. Figure 19 shows six of the data signal

processors and six associated RAM blocks. It will however be appreciated that the arrangement shown in Figure 19 is given by way of example. It would also be possible to use three data signal processors and three blocks of RAM to process and temporarily store the data for the images from the six lenses. Similarly, one data signal processor and one RAM could also complete the task for the six lenses. Other combinations are possible.

The RAM blocks are memory loops which are continuously overwritten with newly acquired image and sound data.

When an incident/accident occurs as dictated by the accelerometer, the microprocessor commands the transfer of the memory loop data to both the flash memory card and to an external wireless transmitter.

Data for time, date, location and G-force encountered will be obtained via the GPS receiver, and included with the permanently recorded and externally transmitted data.

Additional data such as vehicle registration number and speed could be recorded. The speed would be determined from information generated by the vehicle speedometer and received by the first camera via an integrated vehicle network.

The USB interface could be substituted for a similar cable or wireless link.

The user controls are the function buttons, shutter switch and mode dial. These allow the user to change a setting within the first camera 6, such as selecting which of the real time images to display on the liquid crystal display screen, switching between video and single shot modes, using the

bright light emitting diodes, choosing to capture an image, switching to computer connection mode, or switching the recording apparatus on or off. The microphone in the first camera 6 records sound data to be included with the image data. In addition, the microphone accepts voice commands which are processed by the microprocessor. The microprocessor can relate information back to the vehicle occupants via the speaker. This is advantageous as both the driver's hands are then still available for the task of driving.

Figure 20 is an alternative block diagram to that shown in Figure 19. In Figure 20, it will be seen that each remote camera 40, 48, 50 has a digital signal processor and a RAM block situated in the same remote location in order to compress the image data before it is encoded and sent to the first camera 6 which acts as the main camera. This enables the data sent via the cable or wireless connection to be compressed and therefore far smaller. To enable this encoded data to be viewed on the liquid crystal display screen, the encoded data has to be decoded by a data signal processor. Therefore the data signal processors numbered 4, 5 and 6 in the first camera 6 are specific to this task. As before, however, the exact number of data signal processors handling each data stream is not fixed.

Additionally, the sound data from the remote microphone in Figure 20 may be passed through the remote data signal processor to be compressed before being sent to the first camera 6. This sound data may be held together with the associated image data and decompressed within the first

camera 6 by a data signal processor. This method has the benefit of using less data bandwidth on the cable or wireless network.

In the apparatus of the invention as described above with reference to Figures 1 — 20, a sensor behind each camera lens may be a digital CCD, CMOS or similar imaging chip.

The location of the first camera 6 between the windscreen and the front rear view mirror gives the following benefits.

It provides a high enough view to capture more precise external movements close to the bumper.

It provides excellent visibility being behind a windscreen position that is cleaned by wipers.

It utilises the dead space that would normally occur behind a standard rear view mirror.

It does not obstruct the driver's external view.

It is easily visible from outside, thereby alerting drivers to the presence of the camera.

The rearwardly facing second camera 40 may be situated inside the vehicle or outside the vehicle 2. Similarly, the side facing cameras 48, 50 may be situated inside the vehicle 2 or outside the vehicle 2. More than one microphone may be provided for providing good sound recording.

In the event of the vehicle 2 being involved in an accident where the G-force is not high enough to trigger automatic recording, a speaker unit may be arranged to ask the driver if the event is worth saving. Additionally, if the driver of the vehicle 2 sees reckless or dangerous driving, a voice

command received by the microphone may be arranged to prompt the recording apparatus 4 to permanently record the recorded data. This feature is especially advantageous in determining number plates and telephone numbers available to report bad drivers.

The LCD screen is preferably motorised as indicated above and that it extends downwardly to become visible to the driver when desired. Another voice command from the driver enables the screen to retract to its stored position. The LCD screen enable the driver to choose to see real time views from various camera lenses. This assists in determining whether there is any dirt or obstruction covering the lenses, as well as checking functionality, thereby reassuring the driver that there will be a good image recorded when necessary. The real time viewing capability also enables the recording apparatus to act as a parking aid.

A forward facing but rear mounted lens may enable the driver to view the vehicle exterior on the LCD screen. This may be especially beneficial for checking damaged or badly loaded freight. Additionally, it can help to detect tampering or the entry of unauthorised persons.

Referring now to Figures 21 , 22 and 23, there is shown a first camera 132 having a single lens 133. The first camera 132 has first switch means (not shown) which is in the form of the ignition switch of the vehicle which is used to start the vehicle. The first camera 132 has second switch means (not shown) in the form of an accelerometer.

The recording means shown in Figures 21, 22 and 23 includes holder means 134 for holding the first camera 132 in position in the vehicle. The

holder means 134 comprises a first housing part 136, a second housing part 138, and hinge means in the form of a pair of hinges 140, 142. The hinges 140, 142 allow the second housing part 138 to pivot with respect to the first housing part 136 so that the holder means 134 is able to be opened for removal of the first camera 132, and closed for holding the first camera 132.

As shown in Figure 23, the holder means 134 includes clip means 144 for enabling the first and second housing parts 136, 138 to open and close.

The apparatus shown in Figures 21 - 23 includes pivot means 146 for enabling the holder means 134 to pivot with respect to a part of the vehicle to which the holder means is secured. This part of the vehicle will usually be a windscreen. The pivot means 146 comprises an attachment bracket 148, a pivot arrangement 150, and attachment means in the form of a pair of self-adhesive pads 152, 154 for attaching to the windscreen or other chosen part of the vehicle to which the holder means 134 is to be attached.

As shown in Figure 21 , the first camera 132 includes a display screen 156. The display screen 156 is a pivoting display screen which pivots in a display screen unit 158 between an open use position as shown in Figure 21 and a closed non-use position. In the closed non-use position, the display screen unit 156 pivots into a slot 158 to enable the first camera 132 and the holder means 134 to have the overall slightly elliptical shape shown in Figure 22.

Referring now to Figure 24, there is shown a block circuit diagram of component parts forming part of the recording means shown in Figures 21 - 23. For ease of description and understanding, the various component parts shown in Figure 24 have been given their specific names. The apparatus illustrated in Figure 24 operates as follows.

The purpose of the first camera 132 is to record traffic accidents whilst installed in a vehicle. An advantage of recording such road traffic accidents is to assist in insurance claims. Other advantages include simply establishing who was right or wrong in the event of a road traffic accident. The accident may occur on a road or off road, for example in a car park.

The apparatus 160 shown in Figure 1 is triggered by second switch means in the form of an accelerometer. The accelerometer measures G- force (impact). The incident is saved on video for a period of time before as well as after impact. The first camera 132 is typically mounted on the front windscreen area, ahead of the vehicle rear view mirror. A second camera (not shown) may be mounted in the rear of the vehicle.

The recording system essentially works by recording video on a 30- second "endless loop buffer". This is implemented by storing the raw data from the first camera 132 into the DDR RAM shown. When an impact is detected, the recording runs on for further 5 seconds, and is then saved to the mass-storage FLASH. This provides 25 seconds before impact, and 5 seconds after the impact. An option to save or delete the recorded clip is given after impact. If nothing is done, the recorded clip is saved by default.

This is to allow for the possibility that a driver may be unconscious or unable to move as a result of the accident.

A GPS receiver is incorporated into the first camera 132. This GPS receiver provides additional information which is overlaid onto the video clip. This additional information includes position (latitude and longitude), time and date, and also G-force (provided by the accelerometer).

The size of the mass-storage FLASH memory allows for up to four separate 30-second clips to be stored. The video data is uncompressed VGA (640 x 480 pixel resolution) at 30 frames per second. This equates to 8.8 MB per second, or around 29.1 seconds in 256 MB.

When the vehicle ignition is switched off, the G-force sensitivity of the accelerometer is increased. This is in order to detect minor impacts that may occur in car parks or similar areas. The first camera 132 will initially work as described above. However, after a preset time, the first camera 132 will switch to a lower power mode where the first camera 132 is turned off until an impact is detected. Then a full 30-second video clip will be recorded. The intention is that during this 30-second period, the perpetrator of the accident should be recorded in detail, for example driving away from the scene of the accident. If the vehicle battery drops below a preset level, the first camera 132 switches off completely in order to prevent the vehicle battery from becoming drained.

In addition, it is possible to remove the first camera 132 from the vehicle, and manually record 30-second video clips. This is to gather additional information about the scene of an accident.

A small colour (OLED) display screen 156 is provided on the first camera 132. This display screen 156 is used as a viewfinder for initial alignment, and also for reviewing recorded video clips. The display screen 156 and user-interface controls are provided on a flip-down display screen unit 156 on the bottom of the first camera 132 as described above.

In order to retrieve data from the first camera 132, the first camera 132 is connected to a personal computer PC via a USB cable. Application software on the PC then downloads the video from the first camera 132. The application software deletes the data from the first camera 132 when the downloading has been completed. The application software then sends the video clip to a central database where the video clip can be viewed under appropriate conditions of security by insurance companies and/or the police.

If desired, the bottom of the green unit 156 may have a save button and a delete button. The save button may enable a user to save video clips manually, for example if they were to witness an accident but were not actually involved. The delete button may enable a user to remove unwanted video clips that have previously been stored in the camera.

It is to be appreciated that the embodiments of the invention described above with reference to the accompanying drawings have been given by way of example only and that modifications may be effected. Thus, for example, in addition to recording time, date and position, the vehicle registration number may appear on recorded data. Where the camera bodies are made of a plastics material, then the plastics material may

include a high performance fire retardant ingredient in order to safeguard the memory chip in the event of a vehicle fire. The plastics may also be used in conjunction with a metal lining. If data is desired to be simultaneously transmitted by wireless means to a predetermined location, this may be by GSM (Global System for Mobile), GPRS (Global Packet Radio Services), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) or similar wireless standard. This ensures that the data will be saved even if the memory card is lost or rendered unreadable. The vehicle may be any vehicle including cars, lorries, buses, coaches and vans. Battery power for the recording apparatus may be solar operated battery power if desired. If solar powered, then the camera may continue recording even when the vehicle is parked or stationary for long periods. Solar power enables the first camera rechargeable battery to be constantly topped up. However, if parked in poor lighting conditions, then the camera will stop recording and wait for good lighting before commencing once more. The recording apparatus may include a fifth camera located inside the vehicle and providing camera vision of the occupants of the vehicle.