Disclosed are methods and apparatuses in the form of thermal and thermo-catalytic reactors intended e.g. for treatment of waste plastics to obtain synthetic paraffins, thermal reactors intended for conducting the pyrolysis process of waste organic materials of biological or industrial origin, thermal reactors intended for conducting the gasification process of waste organic materials of biological or industrial origin, including ordinary waste incineration plants. The drawback of such disclosed methods and apparatuses for waste treatment is that all such apparatuses are specialised in treatment of only one type of waste and in application of only one treatment technology: thermal decomposition, pyrolysis, gasification or incineration. Another drawback of such disclosed methods and apparatuses for waste treatment is that only one product is obtained, which requires management on the market. Still another drawback of such disclosed methods and apparatuses for waste treatment is that reactors, when it is necessary to clean solid residues of reactions of them, must be rendered out of operation and opened.

Such drawbacks are not present in Versatile Waste Treatment Reactors according to the invention, which are constructed and operate such that treatment of various waste type groups can be executed alternately or simultaneously, whereby applying one of disclosed treatment technologies or multiple such technologies together. Such Versatile Waste Treatment Reactors according to the invention include in addition a system of continuous discharge of all reaction products from the reaction area and a system of reactor interior self-cleaning, owing to which they need not be rendered out of operation, or opened, to perform the aforementioned actions.

Versatile Waste Treatment Reactors according to the invention can operate permanently.

The Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor according to the invention is constructed of three types of apparatuses: Rotating Reactor Unit, Input Appliances and Output Appliances. The Rotating Reactor Unit includes a pipe cylindrical Rotating Reactor ended at ends with an Input Flange and an Output Flange. To the Rotating Reactor are attached Passive Driving Components, e.g. gears, which work with Active Driving Components founded on the base. On the Rotating Reactor's circuit are placed heaters, permanently fixed with said circuit, e.g. l Electrical Heaters. Between Electrical Heaters are distributed Thermal - Electrical Insulation Spacers. To Thermal - Electrical Insulation Spacers are fixed Internal Ring Electrical Sliding Contacts. To Internal Ring Electrical Sliding Contacts are connected Internal Electrical Connections on one side, while on the other side - External Electrical Sliding Contacts, farther connected with Electrical Phase Conductors. The rotating surface of the Rotating Reactor is covered in a Thermal Insulation Material Layer, and thereon a second Electrical Insulation Material Layer is placed. The internal surface of the Rotating Reactor is incorporated by a Spiral of helical structure.

The Input Flange of the Rotating Reactor works with the Supply Flange of the Input Appliance via an Input Sliding Seal. One end of the Feedstock Worm Pipe, supported on the Feedstock Worm Pipe Support, is firmly fixed with the Supply Flange. Inside the Feedstock Worm Pipe is the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft with the Feedstock Worm Wormwheel located on its surface. The other end of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft includes the drive of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft and the Component Valve. Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft's interior includes another smaller Component Worm, incorporated at one end by the Component Worm Drive. The top part of the Feedstock Worm Pipe includes a Vertical Feeder, to which Production Feedstock is supplied. The Vertical Feeder's upper part has the conical shape, and its lower part - the cylindrical shape. Inside the Vertical Feeder operates the Vertical Feeder Worm.

The Output Flange on the other side of the Rotating Reactor works with the Discharge Flange of the Output Appliance via the Output Sliding Seal. An Output Manifold is permanently fixed to the Discharge Flange. During its operation, the Rotating Reactor is continuously supplying the Product Gaseous Fraction and Product Solid Fraction to the Output Manifold, which Fractions are poured over by the Rotating Reactor's Spiral at each rotation thereof. The lower part of the Output Manifold includes the Solid Fraction Outlet Hole ended with the Solid Fraction Tank, where Solid Fraction accumulates, which may be still rich in organic carbon. To the other end of the Output Manifold is attached a Modular Condensation Cooler, to which the Product Gaseous Fraction penetrates. In the Modular Condensation Cooler, the Product Gaseous Fraction is divided into condensing product vapours and non-condensing process gas. Condensed product vapours form Product Liquid Fraction discharged out of the Modular Condensation Cooler via the Product Liquid Fraction Valve. The Non-Condensed Product Gaseous Fraction, in turn, moves to farther parts of the Modular Condensation Cooler, whence it is discharged out via the Product Gaseous Fraction Valve. Second air is supplied to the Solid Fraction Tank, which may still be rich in organic carbon. The formed additional power gas, Syngas, is mixed with the Non-Condensed Product Gaseous Fraction.

The operation of the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor according to the invention consists in that the Rotating Reactor Unit works at the input side with the immobile Input Appliance and simultaneously works at the output side with the immobile Output Appliance. The Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor is constructed such that it enables thermal and chemical treatment of various waste type groups individually or mixed, conducting thereon separately or jointly such processes as: thermal decomposition, thermocatalytic decomposition, partially pyrolysis and partially gasification or incineration. Simultaneously the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor is constructed such that it enables continuous supply of process components thereto and continuous discharge of solid and gaseous reaction products therefrom, and enables its cleaning without its stopping and opening.

Solid and shredded Production Feedstock is supplied to the Vertical Feeder, preferably with conical shape, wherein the Vertical Feeder Worm operates. The lower part of the Vertical Feeder has cylindrical shape and serves for thickening of the supplied Production Feedstock and removing air therefrom. The Production Feedstock thickened in the cylindrical part of the Vertical Feeder constitutes the closure of the reaction space of the Rotating Reactor. The Vertical Feeder supplies Production Feedstock to the Feedstock Worm Pipe ended on one side by a firmly attached Supply Flange and supported on the base by means of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Support. Axially in the Feedstock Worm Pipe is placed the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft, whereon the Feedstock Worm Wormwheel is coiled. Production Feedstock supplied via the Vertical Feeder to the Feedstock Worm Pipe is moved via the Feedstock Worm Wormwheel to the Rotating Reactor interior. The Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft includes the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft Drive, and owing to the possible adjustment of the rotational speed of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft it is possible to control the efficiency of the Production Feedstock treatment process. In addition, axially inside the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft is placed the Component Worm driven by the Component Worm Drive. The upper part of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft includes the Component Valve intended for supplying such Components to the work space of the Component Worm as: catalyst, fluid organic waste (pyrolitic oil of used up car tyres, waste bioglycerine, used up car oils), as well as gaseous components (nitrogen - in order to nitrify the waste, hydrogen - in order to hydrogenate the waste, air and/or steam in order to gasify the waste), etc.

The Supply Flange, immobile in space, works via the Sliding Seal with the Rotating Reactor's Input Flange, which is mobile and operates by rotation. Via centrally located holes in the Supply Flange, Input Sliding Seal and Input Flange, the Production Feedstock together with components moves to the Rotating Reactor's reaction space. The internal surface of the Rotating Reactor is incorporated by a Spiral of helical structure, rotating along with the Rotating Reactor with rotational speed ω, owing to which Production Feedstock with Components move axially in the direction of the Output Appliance of the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor. The adjustable rotational speed of the Rotating Reactor, and thereby the adjustable efficiency thereof, is ensured by Active Driving Components fixed to the base and working with Passive Driving Components installed on the Rotating Reactor. On the external surface of the Rotating Reactor are installed also Heaters, preferably electrical contact or radiant heaters, insulated from one another thermally and electrically via Thermal Electrical Insulation Spacers, which for example serve as an item on which Internal Ring Electrical Sliding Contacts are attached, to which, in turn, Heater Internal Electrical Connections are made, constitute the mobile part of the power supply system of the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor, whose immobile part is External Sliding Electrical Contacts, powered, in turn, by Electrical Phase Conductors from the external electrical grid. Thus Production Feedstock together with supplied Components are subjected in the Rotating Reactor to thermal treatment, thereby undergoing continuous pouring and mixing as well as moving in the direction of Output Appliances.

The Rotating Reactor is ended at the Output Appliances side with the Output Flange, which being in the rotational motion together with the Rotating Reactor works via the Output Sliding Seal with the Discharge Flange which is immobile in space. The Output Manifold is fixed to the Discharge Flange. By its operation, the Rotating Reactor supplies generally two products to the Output Manifold: Product Solid Fraction and Product Gaseous Fraction. The lower part of the Output Manifold includes the Solid Fraction Outlet Hole, via which such Product Solid Fraction is poured to the Solid Fraction Tank, where it is temporarily stored as Solid Fraction. Product Gaseous Fraction moves in turn farther to the Modular Condensation Cooler, where being subject to cooling it is divided into condensable vapours and non-condensable process gas. Condensed vapours form Product Liquid Fraction discharged out via Product Liquid Fraction Valve. The non-condensable process gas constitutes Non-Condensable Product Gaseous Fraction discharged out via Product Gaseous Fraction valve. Solid Fraction, which may still be rich in organic carbon, is deposited in the Solid Fraction Tank. Therefore, second air is supplied there for the purpose of gasification. As a result of such gasification, additional power gas - Syngas - is created, which mixes with Non-Condensed Product Gaseous Fraction in the Modular Condensation Cooler.

An embodiment of the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor according to the invention is explained in detail based on the drawing, of which Fig. 1 presents the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor constructed of three types of appliances: Rotating Reactor Unit (1), Input Appliances (2) and Output Appliances (3). The Rotating Reactor Unit (1) includes a pipe cylindrical Rotating Reactor (4) ended at ends with an Input Flange (5) and an Output Flange (6). To the Rotating Reactor are attached Passive Driving Components (8), e.g. gears, which work with Active Driving Components (7) founded on the base. On the Rotating Reactor's (4) circuit are placed heaters, permanently fixed with said circuit, e.g. Electrical Heaters (9). Between Electrical Heaters (9) are distributed Thermal - Electrical Insulation Spacers (10). To Thermal - Electrical Insulation Spacers (10) are fixed Internal Ring Electrical Sliding Contacts (11). To Internal Ring Electrical Sliding Contacts (11) are connected Internal Electrical Connections (12) on one side, while on the other side - External Electrical Sliding Contacts (13), farther connected with Electrical Phase Conductors (14). The rotating surface of the Rotating Reactor (4) is covered in a Thermal Insulation Material Layer (15), and thereon a second Electrical Insulation Material Layer (16) is placed. The internal surface of the Rotating Reactor (4) is incorporated by a Spiral (17) of helical structure.

The Input Flange of the Rotating Reactor (5) works with the Supply Flange (18) of the Input Appliance (2) via an Input Sliding Seal (19). One end of the Feedstock Worm Pipe (20), supported on the Feedstock Worm Pipe Support (21), is firmly fixed with the Supply Flange (19). Inside the Feedstock Worm Pipe (20) is the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft (22) with the Feedstock Worm Wormwheel (23) located on its surface. The other end of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft (22) includes the drive of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft (24) and the Component Valve (30). Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft's (22) interior includes another smaller Component Worm (28), incorporated at one end by the Component Worm Drive (29). The top part of the Feedstock Worm Pipe (20) includes a Vertical Feeder (25), to which Production Feedstock (26) is supplied. The Vertical Feeder's (25) upper part has the conical shape, and its lower part - the cylindrical shape. Inside the Vertical Feeder (25) operates the Vertical Feeder Worm (27).

The Output Flange (6) on the other side of the Rotating Reactor (4) works with the Discharge Flange (32) of the Output Appliance (3) via the Output Sliding Seal (33). An Output Manifold (34) is permanently fixed to the Discharge Flange (32). During its operation, the Rotating Reactor (4) is continuously supplying the Product Gaseous Fraction (36) and Product Solid Fraction (35) to the Output Manifold (34), which Fractions are poured over by the Rotating Reactor's (4) Spiral (17) at each rotation thereof. The lower part of the Output Manifold (34) includes the Solid Fraction Outlet Hole (37) ended with the Solid Fraction Tank (38), where Solid Fraction (39) accumulates. To the other end of the Output Manifold (34) is attached a Modular Condensation Cooler (40), to which the Product Gaseous Fraction (36) penetrates. In the Modular Condensation Cooler (40), the Product Gaseous Fraction (36) is divided into condensing product vapours and non-condensing process gas. Condensed product vapours form Product Liquid Fraction (42) discharged out of the Modular Condensation Cooler (40) via the Product Liquid Fraction Valve (41). The Non-Condensed Product Gaseous Fraction (44), in turn, moves to farther parts of the Modular Condensation Cooler (40), whence it is discharged out via the Product Gaseous Fraction Valve (43). Second air (46) is supplied to the Solid Fraction Tank (38). Syngas (46) formed in the Solid Fraction Tank (38) is mixed with the Non-Condensed Product Gaseous Fraction (44).

The operation of the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor according to the invention is explained in detail based on the drawing, of which Fig. 1 presents the mobile Rotating Reactor Unit (1) working at the input side with the immobile Input Appliance (2) and simultaneously working at the output side with the immobile Output Appliance (3). The Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor is constructed such that it enables thermal and chemical treatment of various waste type groups individually or mixed, conducting thereon separately or jointly such processes as: thermal decomposition, thermocatalytic decomposition, partially pyrolysis and partially gasification or incineration. Simultaneously the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor is constructed such that it enables continuous supply of process components thereto and continuous discharge of solid and gaseous reaction products therefrom, and enables its cleaning without the need to stop and open it.

Solid and shredded Production Feedstock (26) is supplied to the Vertical Feeder (25), preferably with conical shape, wherein the Vertical Feeder Worm (27) operates. The lower part of the Vertical Feeder (25) has cylindrical shape and serves for thickening of the supplied Production Feedstock (26) and removing air therefrom. The Production Feedstock (26) thickened in the cylindrical part of the Vertical Feeder (25) constitutes the closure of the reaction space of the Rotating Reactor (4). The Vertical Feeder (25) supplies Production Feedstock (26) to the Feedstock Worm Pipe (20) ended on one side by a firmly attached Supply Flange (18) and supported on the base by means of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Support

(21) . Axially in the Feedstock Worm Pipe (20) is placed the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft (22), whereon the Feedstock Worm Wormwheel (23) is coiled. Production Feedstock (26) supplied via the Vertical Feeder (25) to the Feedstock Worm Pipe (20) is moved via the Feedstock Worm Wormwheel (23) to the Rotating Reactor (4) interior. The Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft

(22) includes the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft Drive (24), and owing to the possible adjustment of the rotational speed of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft (22) it is possible to control the efficiency of the Production Feedstock (26) treatment process. In addition, axially inside the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft (22) is placed the Component Worm (28) driven by the Component Worm Drive (29). The upper part of the Feedstock Worm Pipe Shaft (22) includes the Component Valve (30) intended for supplying such Components (31) to the work space of the Component Worm (29) as: catalyst, fluid organic waste (pyrolitic oil of used up car tyres, waste bioglycerine, used up car oils), as well as gaseous components (nitrogen - in order to nitrify the waste, hydrogen - in order to hydrogenate the waste, air and/or steam in order to gasify the waste), etc.

The Supply Flange (18), immobile in space, works via the Sliding Seal (19) with the Rotating Reactor's (4) Input Flange (5), which is mobile and operates by rotation. Via centrally located holes in the Supply Flange (18), Input Sliding Seal (19) and Input Flange (5), the Production Feedstock (26) together with components (31) moves to the Rotating Reactor's (4) reaction space. The internal surface of the Rotating Reactor (4) is incorporated by a Spiral (17) of helical structure, rotating along with the Rotating Reactor (4) with rotational speed ω, owing to which Production Feedstock (26) with Components (31) move axially in the direction of the Output Appliance (3) of the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor. The adjustable rotational speed of the Rotating Reactor (4), and thereby the adjustable efficiency thereof, is ensured by Active Driving Components (7) fixed to the base and working with Passive Driving Components (8) installed on the Rotating Reactor (4). On the external surface of the Rotating Reactor (4) are installed also Heaters (9), preferably electrical contact or radiant heaters, insulated from one another thermally and electrically via Thermal Electrical Insulation Spacers (10), which for example serve as an item on which Internal Ring Electrical Sliding Contacts (11) are attached, to which, in turn, Internal Electrical Connections (12) of Heaters (9) are made. Internal Ring Electrical Sliding Contacts (11), to which, in turn, Internal Electrical Connections (12) of Heaters (9) are made, constitute the mobile part of the power supply system of the Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor, whose immobile part is External Sliding Electrical Contacts (13), powered, in turn, by Electrical Phase Conductors (14) from the external electrical grid. Thus Production Feedstock (26) together with supplied Components (31) are subjected in the Rotating Reactor (4) to thermal treatment, thereby undergoing continuous pouring and mixing as well as moving in the direction of Output Appliances (3).

The Rotating Reactor (4) is ended at the Output Appliances (3) side with the Output Flange (6), which being in the rotational motion together with the Rotating Reactor (4) works via the Output Sliding Seal (33) with the Discharge Flange (32) which is immobile in space. The Output Manifold (34) is fixed to the Discharge Flange (32). By its operation, the Rotating Reactor (4) supplies generally two products to the Output Manifold (34): Product Solid Fraction (35) and Product Gaseous Fraction (36). The lower part of the Output Manifold (34) includes the Solid Fraction Outlet Hole (37), via which such Product Solid Fraction (35) is poured to the Solid Fraction Tank (38), where it is temporarily stored as Solid Fraction (39). Product Gaseous Fraction (36) moves in turn farther to the Modular Condensation Cooler (40), where being subject to cooling it is divided into condensable vapours and non- condensable process gas. Condensed vapours form Product Liquid Fraction (42) discharged out via Product Liquid Fraction Valve (41). The non-condensable process gas constitutes Non-Condensable Product Gaseous Fraction (44) discharged out via Product Gaseous Fraction valve (43). Second air (46) is supplied to the Solid Fraction Tank (38), wherein Solid Fraction (35) can be still rich in organic carbon, owing to which power Syngas (46) is additionally formed in the Solid Fraction Tank (38), which mixes with Non-Condensed Product Gaseous Fraction (44).

The Versatile Waste Treatment Reactor can operate continuously on a long-term basis. However, where it is necessary to clean the interior of the Rotating Reactor (4), e.g. of fly ash, e.g. sand, gravel, small ceramic items with sharp edges (fine construction aggregate) or small metal items (nuts, bolts), undisclosed in the drawing, are supplied thereto. By rotation of the Rotating Reactor (4) and by the friction forces created on its internal walls, created also by the aforementioned materials supplied there deliberately, such walls become cleaned and the contamination together with the materials supplied earlier are moved to the Solid, Eractipn Tank (38), and subsequently removed thence.