VERTICAL TAKE OFF/LANDING AND BALANCE SYSTEM FOR AERIAL

VEHICLES

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a system providing vertical take off and landing for military aircrafts or civilian planes , unmanned aerial vehicles and so on. The rotating fans working with special designed electric motor taking electricity from the very powerful generator integrated with the main motor provides balance and take off-landing of aerial vehicle. The rotors, which haven't axis shafts, belonging to special designed electric motors, rotates with the spiral fan blades integrated with the rotor in the magnetic shell supporting with bearings. The system uses the advantages of direct driver technology and brushless electric motor together.The invention relates to a system providing a feature of vertical take off and landing as well as remaining in the air without motion for hours at the point determined beforehand. This feature enables all aerial vehicles used for search and rescue operations and also special military missions successfully.

PRIOR ART

In this field very few projects are got ready for processing steps. The one of the first patterns of vertical taking off and landing planes is Harrier planes. There are four small exhausts helping vertical take off and landing instead of one big exhaust at these planes. The last pattern of vertical taking off and landing plane is F35 being planned to produce. F35 is the model of war plane having ability of vertical taking off and landing , working with one motor and carrying one personnel.

The technology on this plane functions so that; exhausts can be rotated vertically to 90 degree then gases emitted with very high speed from exhausts to the ground, forming vertical lifting force at the back of the plane.

The fan mounted at the front of the plane provides lifting force at the front of the plane. The fan mounted at the front of the plane takes power from axis shaft belonging to main jet motor that balance of the plane tried to provide by vertical lifting force at the front and vertical lifting force at the back

Balanced taking off and landing is crucial feature of these kind of planes. Because, these planes loaded with bombs or empty and also there may be storm or turbulence in the atmosphere that means balance must be perfect for every condition. Perfect balance means that the cost of R&D(Research and Devolopment) activities is very high. At the point of production technology that servo motors , having high efficiency.brushless and synchronous, reach important levels by using special compound powerful magnets and materials having property of low energy loss. It is known that various modifications applied on these servo motors according to their using purposes. But the electric motors developed for aerial vehicles are not enough for this industry.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a system developed for aerial vehicles. The system is used when there isn't a landing field or there is no need to use long landing fields. The electric motors rotates the fans enabling aerial vehicle vertical taking off and landing. In the processing of vertical taking off; as soon as after vertical taking off from its' location, aerial vehicle accelarates via its'main motor or other motors and when reaching the speed which can fly with its' wings, the fans and the generator providing power to the fans stopped. While alighting gears are closed, the fan motors are covered with a flap.

In the processing of vertical landing; while alighting gears are opened, the flap of fan motors are also opened. The generators, which are shut down during the flight, integrated to the main motor are started to provide power then fan motors are worked. After this stage the main motor of aerial vehicle works for only providing power for the generators. At the same time microprocessor, which controls also fan motors, get the control of the aerial vehicle. Finally, aerial vehicle is landed safely on the selected position.

Microprocessor supported by a software having special algorithms, shares power equally through the fan motors. Microprocessor implements realtime computing for datas coming from gyroscope balance sensors and distance sensors in order to carry out this function. According to computing , the rotation velocities of fan motors are changed that this process provides aerial vehicle hovering with balance in the air.

Climbing or descending vertically, maintaining a constant coordinate in the air or changing direction of aerial vehicle is carried out by the pilot with assistance of the microprocessor. That can be used the technology of artificial intelligence and data mining in order to prevent the faults caused by human operational usage errors. The pilot locks the system to the selected landing point, for example an aircraft carrier platform, and implements landing safely and without errors by using automatic pilot systems. Although the loads making unbalance in the aerial vehicle and inconvenient air conditions like storm and fog, all these processes are carried out safely.

The fan motors, working according to basic principle of electric motor , are brushless , synchronous , servo motors . The rotor, having shape of hollow cylinder, without shaft and supported by bearings rotates in the magnetic shell. The fan blades integrated with rotor are mounted all around the interior surface of the rotor . Rotor and fan blades, rotating together ,push the air in order to perform lifting force .This system can be projected and then applied on from small size aerial vehicles such as model planes or unmanned aerial vehicles to various size aerial vehicles such as war planes even flying automobiles.

These motors are high efficiency torque motors having smaller volume and produce more power despite consuming low energy compared with the other motors. When taking off and landing they work just in a very short period of time then disabled . The fans won't cause any aerodynamic faults because of excluding taking off and landing time periods all of the fans are covered with appropriate flaps.

As it is known that these kind of electric motors are constituted with two parts having same axis that one of them is fixed part(called stator) and rotating part(called rotor) having shape of like a cylinder. Basically, the motor used in this system formed by interlaced parts which are rotor and stator. The stator having electric coils is outside and the rotor having feature of natural magnet bars is inside. The rotor can freely rotate inside the stator via bearings and magnetic shell. The blades of propeller, which has not a shaft, mounted all around rotor to form a integrated structure. The rotor and propeller rotate together in order to push the air. The used electric motor demonstrates all properties of servo motors having high efficiency and brushless.

This motor can be controlled easily by microprocessor, having appropriate algorithm, works with sensitive gyroscope balance sensor. The velocity of the fans are adjusted in real-time computing according to balance of the vehicle. Rotating speed of the fans are monitored easily via encoder and it will be possible to stabilize velocity, even, if it is necessary; the turning direction of rotor can be changed to reverse direction. In this way, real-time ,safe and continuous balance system is performed for aerial vehicle by controlling of the fans, mounted at different three directions, via different gyroscope sensors .working with microprocessor, detecting datas from three axises (sagittal, vertical, horizantal). As a result aerial vehicle is not affected not only bad air conditions or storm, but also the loads being in the vehicle causing inside balance changing when vertical taking off and landing period. Also the rotation of electric motors' directions are projected that each electric motor rotates reverse direction according to the other direction of electric motor. Meanwhile , the rotating fans and also the effect of gyroscope sensors will provide additional advantage in order to balance of the aerial vehicle.

The other subject is that the system doesn't perform an additional resistance being against the air because of having not a axis shaft. And this provides the system to work with high efficiency and won't need maintenance for years.

If it is necessary to provide that a real-time distance sensor works with microprocessor for hovering of aerial vehicle in the air with a selected constant height from the ground. Like a GPRS connection is provided for updating coordinates of aerial vehicle continuously via microprocessor, if aerial vehicle isn't wanted to change it's position having constant height because of the wind effect. This feature is very important for unmanned aerial vehicles using for taking images. For example; after vertical taking off, an unmanned aerial vehicle, which has a a jet plane motor, can fly to the determined point with a speed of jet plane. Then it can take photos or records at that point having constant height for hours, without changing it's position. After that aerial vehicle can return back with the same speed to the start point . Then it can be landed vertically. If this system technology is compared with the other vertical take off- landing system technologies , there won't be many differences between them .according to weight being an important disadvantage for aerial vehicles.

As it is known that , this sort of electric motors get hot when they perform high torques , so they need to be cooled. But the electric motors belonging to this system function as fan motors, therefore it is impossible for fan motors being in the atmosphere to get hot. This is thought that the giant generator , being integrated with the main motor, mounted in front of the aerial vehicle, is got hot. But as the same condition of fan motors , the jet motors have air circulations which speeds are so high, and this implements cooling process of the generator very well than it is expected.

THE MEANING OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 . Mounted view on pattern of aerial vehicle

Figure 2. Exploded view of fan motor

Figure 3. Mounted view of fan motor

Figure 4. Control system view

Figure 5. General mounted view of generator integrated with

vehicle motor

Figure 6. Generator Exploded View

Figure 7. Motor Protection Unit View

Description of the Reference Numerals.

1 . Fan motor

1.1 . Stator

1 .2. Rotor

1 .3. Spiral Blades

1 .4. Magnetic Shell

1.5. Permanent Magnet Bar 1.6. Permanent Magnet Ring and Bearing

1.7. Protection Cover

2. Fan Motor Protection Unit

2.1. Slideway

2.2. Flap

3. Control Units

3.1. Microprocessor

3.2. Software

3.3. Gyroscope Balance Sensor

3.4. Encoder Sensor

3.5. Distance Sensor

4. Power Unit

4.1. Generator

4.2. Battery

4.3. The Main Motor of Aerial Vehicle

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention is constituted by the parts which are fan motors(1 ), protection units(2), control units(3) and power unit.

The fan motor is formed by the parts which are stator(1.1 ), rotor(1.2), spiral blades (1.3), magnetic shell(1.4) , permanent magnet bar(1.5), permanent magnet ring and bearing(1.6) and protection cover(1 .7).

The fan motor protection unit (2) contains the parts which are slideway

(2.1 ) and flap (2.2). The control unit (3) is constituted by the parts which are microprocessors.1 ), software(3.2), gyroscope balance sensors(3.3), encoder sensor(3.4) and distance sensor (3.5). The power unit (4) is formed by at least one generator (4.1 ), at least one battery (4.2) and the main motor (4.3) of the aerial vehicle.

The fan motor is formed by two parts having same axis that one of them is fixed stator(1.1 ) and the other one is rotated rotor (1.2) having shape as a cylinder . The stator (1.1 ) , having electric coils, is outside and the rotor (1.2), having permanet magnet bars(1.5), is inside. The rotor(1.2) can be rotated freely on the magnet shell(1 .4), formed by permanet magnet bars(1 .5) and permanet magnet ring and bearings(1 .6) .inside the stator . The reason for mounting spiral blades (1 .3), which makes integrated structure with rotor(1 .2), all around inside the rotor(1 .2) is that there isn't an axis shaft. Spiral blades (1 .3)turns with rotor(1 .2) in order to perform air flowing over the tops of the blades than it does below.

The electric motor used will demonstrate all features of servo motor having brushless , high efficiency , at all events.

Sensitive gyroscope balance sensors(3.3) and encoder sensor(3.4) transmits the datas of all velocities and turning directions of rotor with real-time process to the microprocessor(3.1 ) which adjusts the rotation (1 .3) and velocities of spiral blades(1 .3) according to balance of the aerial vehicle , with real-time computing via software (3.2) coded with appropriate algorithm.

The process of monitoring velocity and fixing speed of spiral blades (1 .3) are performed by the microprocessor , having software (3.2), computing the realtime datas coming from encoder sensors(3.4).

Thanks to this process rotation speeds are monitored easily at any moment and process of fixing speed will be possible , even if it is necessary, the turning direction of rotor (1 .1 ) will be able to be changed reverse direction.

In this way, real-time ,safe and continuous process of balance system is performed for aerial vehicle by controlling of the spiral blades(1 .3) .mounted at three directions, via different gyroscope balance sensors(3.3) , mounted at three axises(called sagittal, vertical and horizantal) , working with microprocessor (3.1 ), .

As a result aerial vehicle is not affected not only bad air conditions or storm, but also the loads being in the vehicle causing inside balance changing when vertical taking off and landing period. Also the rotors' turning directions of motors(1 ) are projected for in point of operating the system with balance , that each motor rotates reverse direction according to the other direction of motor. Meanwhile , the rotating spiral blades(1 .3) and also the effect of gyroscope sensors will provide additional advantage in order to balance of the aerial vehicle. The other suject is that spiral blades(1 .3) don't have a axis shaft causing additional resistance being against the air. In this way the system will be provided to work with high efficiency and won't need maintenance for years. If it is necessary to provide that a real-time distance sensor(3.5) works with microprocessor (3.1 ) for hovering of aerial vehicle in the air with a selected constant height from the ground.

The generator (4.1 ) , being in the power unit (4) .charges the batteries (4.2) .providing needed power for fan motor(1 ), by using kinetic energy coming from main motor(4.3) of aerial vehicle when taking off and landing periods. The giant generator (4.1 ) .integrated with the main motor (4.1 ) of aerial vehicle, takes kinetic energy from main motor(4.1 ) to provide power for supporting all fan motors . Also the fan motors (1 ) takes power from the second source of power supply is the batteries (4.2) being appropriate size. The electric energy coming from batteries(4.2) and the electric energy coming from generator (4.1 ) are integrated eachother and then this integrated energy is shared by the microprocessor^.1 ) having software containing appropriate algorithms.

The generator (4.1 ) is constituted by the parts of rotor and stator being inside eachother. Fixed magnet bars are mounted all around the hollow rotor . And the coils are mounted on the stator. The electric power is produced when the main motor (4.3) of the vehicle and the generator rotates together.

After finishing of taking off or landing process the generator(4.1 ) is still enabled for a while to charge the battery(4.2) .then completing charging process, it is disabled. In this way battery(4.2) always in electrically charged condition. The generator does not cause an extra load for main motor of aerial vehicle because of being disabled all along the flight.