TITLE OF INVENTION: Virtual visualization, occupant supports, vortex fire, and masks for viral control

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present inventions provide a new structure and passenger transport paradigm for accommodating passengers in a vehicle with particular attention paid to safety, utility and comfort and for virtual visualization and navigation of real spaces.

SUMMARY

The Drawings illustrate embodiments of the inventions. These features and more are described below. The invention relates to the referenced filed applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Occupant supports- Sterile Air Safety provisions 21-022 - Positive Pressure region 21-050 - Pressure pad for lateral retractable shield 21-023 - Top hood (may be transparent material) deployment.

21-024 - Side hood 14-001 - Seat back support

21-025 - Air Conditioning/Air supply duct. 14-002 - seat bottom

21-026 - Air conditioning/air supply distribution duct 14-002A - seat bottom Sleeping position 21-027 - Air Heater element (may be adjustable by occupant. 14-0028- seat bottom Sitting position

21-028- Air Vents. 14-003- Upper Sleeper enclosure/mini-cabin

21-029 - Seat back 14-004- Lower Sleeper enclosure/mini-cabin

21- 030 - Bubble - fan version closed position 14-005- support bins (with foot frame integrated on separate 21- 031 - Bubble - fan version partially open position inside for structural support) 21- 032 - Bubble - fan version open position 14-006 pop-up storage bins 21-033 - Bubble support for phone tablet or other PDA 14-006A - pop-up storage bin - retracted provides the armrest 21-034 - Cross section of arm rest at front of seat or bed surface 21-035 - cross section of arm rest at back of seat 14-007- Screen or projector (for projection on table top) 21-036 - Upper arm line center seat 14-008- Mount for Oxygen mask (and generator if used in 21-037 - Upper arm line side seat embodiment) and mount for screen or projector 21-038 - Middle seat arm cover 14-009- symbols for locking mechanisms between units. 21-039 - Middle seat arm rest 14-010 - Steps for egress and ingress to upper sleeper 21-040 - side seat arm cover 14-011 -Leg space covering protecting lower occupant 21-041 - side seat arm rest. 14-012- Leg rest- center section

21-042 - Raised center seat (side seats at lower level) 14-013- rear wall for steps also is a shear plane bracing

21-043 - narrower rear profile of arm rests towards the back element for strengthening the support for the upper sleepers to accommodate upper arms. 14-014- handles for egress ingress

21-044 - adjustable headrest for lateral support 14-015- Bin Drawer open for accessing baggage. Some 21-045 - Retractable shield. embodiments have belt at bottom to move luggage back and

21-046 - Occupant support structure. forward

21-047 - Lateral retractable shield 14-016- Profile of human occupant 21-048 - Sliding or fixed pivot for lateral retractable shield 14-041 - Pressurized air supply vents 21-049 - Central pivot for lateral retractable shield

Fig 21-01 shows an embodiment of either an economy or business class seat with the positive pressure hood for the seat back that maintains a higher pressure around the head and face area with ducted air through the air conditioning vents installed in the seatback so that it moves with the occupant. Some embodiments of the hood have increased depth to ensure that even if the occupant lean forward a little the face remains in the positive pressure region.

21-02 Shows the embodiments of Fig 21-01 at a different seat back angle with the attached hood.

Fig 21-03 shows an embodiment with a fixed hood on the occupant support structure. Also shows the positive pressure hood for the seat back that maintains a higher pressure around the head and face area with ducted air through the air conditioning vents installed in the seatback so that it moves with the occupant.

Fig 21-04 shows the positive pressure hood for the seat back that maintains a higher pressure around the head and face area with ducted air through the air conditioning vents installed in the seatback so that it moves with the occupant. Some embodiments of the hood have increased depth to ensure that even if the occupant lean forward a little the face remains in the positive pressure region. An embodiment of the hood is also shown separate from the seat back.

Fig 21-05 shows an embodiment of the airsleeper occupant support module with an open cabin structure for the support structure of the air sleeper which may be deployed on the upper level. Show placement of air supply vents.

Figure 21-06, shows the “bubble” which in this embodiment as a fan structure for user shown with the close position of partially open position and a fully open position and a support for a personal device such as a phone or a tablet.

Fig 21-07 shows embodiments for economy seats where the center seat is raised and the arm rest is specially contoured to avoid contact between occupants.

Fig 21-08 shows yet another embodiment of the invention with adjustable lateral support headrests with distribution ducts with pressurized air directed towards the face. Fig 21-09 is Fig 21-08 with a retractable shield.

Fig 21-10 shows Fig 21-08 with laterally displacing shields that cover the face when deployed but retract to the sides during egress and ingress.

AirSleeper 08

22-001 - Seat bottom 22-028 - Structural tubes - lateral members 22-002 - Lumbar support 22-029 - Structural plate 1 22-003 - seat back 22-030 - Structural plate 2 22-004 - Flat bed surface 22-031 - structural plate 3

22-005 - Flat bed separator wall / shroud (adjoining flat bed 22-032 - Structural plate 3A surface) 22-033 - seat tracks

22-006 - Foot-frame 22-034 - Seat support elements 22-007 - Baggage drawer - Main 22-035 - Sleeper support elements 22-008 - Secondary Drawer 22-036 - Structural handle support 22-009 - Foot well 22-037 - Notch for slidable fit of Structural plate 3 to adjoining 22-010 - Flat bed single stack structure tube set - upper tube

22-011 - Flat bed housing (cover over flat bed that can also 22-038 - Notch for slidable fit of Structural plate 3, 3A to form a table top) adjoining single stack structure tube set - lower tube

22-012 - Separator wall / shroud (separating occupant spaces 22-039 - Displaced Notch for slidable fit of Structural plate 2 to or pods) adjoining single stack structure tube set - lower tube

22-013 - Side Table top 22-040 - structural rungs for ladder. 22-014 - Front table top 22-041 - Seat bottom adjustable angle 22-015 - Handle 22-042 - Angled wall foot well

22-016 - Support studs/holes ( for some retracting ladders) 22-043 - Notch for slidable fit of Structural plate 1 to adjoining 22-017 - Passive aircushion (some embodiments) . Some single stack structure tube set - lower tube embodiments have a screen. Some embodiments have both 22-044 - Notch for slidable fit of Structural plate 1 to adjoining with swing up screen. single stack structure tube set - upper tube

22-018 - Extension support 22-045 - Latch support - 2 tube 22-019 - Shoulder stop 22-046 - Latch support single tube

22-020 - Retractable ladder with full length safety wall 22-047 - Table Top -Front Folding 22-021 - Ladder with foot well safety wall 22-048 - Table Top Side - retracting forward 22-022 - Fixed or folding Ladder 22-049 - Table Top Side - Retracting laterally 22-023 -Air ducting. 22-050 - Detachable Automotive Child seat latch brace,

22-024 - Air Vent positions - vents not shown. attached through the shroud to the Plate3 or 3A

22-025 - Latches 22-051 - Latch attachments for automotive or other child seat.

22-026 - Wrap around seat back cushion. 22-052 - Attachment points to Plate3 or 3A through shroud.

22-027 - Sliding ladder

Fig 22-01 shows a single occupant support installed in the cabin. This embodiment uses foot frames 22-009 to elevate seat height from the floor of the cabin. Foot frames and their seat track attachments are disclosed in prior patents of the applicant. The figure also shows optional drawers including a drawer below the seat bottom 22-007 for the storage of baggage. It also shows a secondary drawer 22-008 that may be placed at the back of the foot well. Some embodiments may not use a foot frame but rather attached the seat bottom directly to the floor of the vehicle with latches.

The figure shows the seat bottom 22-001, the lumbar support 22-002, the seatback 22-003, a flatbed surface 22-010, a separator wall or shroud between occupant supports 22-012, and several other parts as illustrated.

Fig 22-02 shows three occupant supports in contiguous positions to illustrate nesting of multiple occupant supports at the lower tier level.

Fig 22-03 shows the same three occupant supports in contiguous positions at the lower tier level with in addition have three seats at the upper level.

Figure 22-03A shows the assembly of 22-03 from a different viewing angle.

Fig 22-04 shows the assembly of 22-03A, for an embodiment without a flatbed housing 22-011 , thereby providing an open space in front of the occupant over the flatbed but sacrificing tabletop space for the use of the occupant.

Fig 22-05A, B and C, show an embodiment of the structural support for a single stack of AirSleeper (the single stack structure) occupant supports. The embodiment shown is attached at the top of foot frames which are attached to seat tracks as disclosed in prior disclosures of the applicant. The single stack structure in some embodiments include structural tubes 22-028, structural plates 22-029, 22-030 and 22-031 (or 22-032 not shown). They also include structural support for handles for the occupant. One of many possible positions and shapes of handle support embodiments is shown.

Structural plate 22-030 is optional for a lower weight solution with some compromise in structural strength.

Seat support elements 22-034 are attached to the seat bottom. And the sleeper support elements 22-035 are attached to the flatbed element. Fig 22-06A, B and C show an embodiment two single stack structures. In some such embodiments contiguous single stack structures are connected to allow the transfer of forces between the single stack structures to mitigate track loadings.

Figures 22-07A, B, C show an embodiment as in figs 22-06A, B, C but with structural plate 3A or 22-032 rather than 22-031. This structural plate increases the flexibility in the shape of shrouds separating the occupant supports, but limits the structural strength of the assembled single stack structures.

Figures 22-08A, B and C show the structural support members directly attached to the seat tracks with suitable latches. Some embodiments of such latches are disclosed in prior filings of the applicant.

Figures 22-09A and B, show an embodiment with the seat bottom cushion with multiple positions for the comfort of the occupant. Figures 22-10A, B show a foot well with an inclined rear wall that may be used in one or both of the lower and upper tiers of the occupant supports.

Figs 22-11, 22-12 show another embodiment of multiple occupant supports installed in the cabin. The embodiments are attached to foot frames for structural support.

Figs 22-13, 22-14 show the position of passive airbags wherein some such airbags may be foam filled and vented, installed in some embodiments to mitigate head strike forces in the event of an axial direction crash.

Figs 22-15, 22-16 show the extension support that may be deployed for support of the occupant using the flatbed position. This extension support may be slidably attached to either the seat bottom front, or the side of the seat well. It may also be pivotally attached to the side of the seat well, the front of the drawer to 22-008 if installed, or the front edge of the seat bottom.

Figs 22-17, 22-18 show embodiments with a full length retractable ladder which may also in some embodiments function as a safety wall and in some embodiments as a structural member attached to both the seatbacks of two occupant supports at the upper level. Studs or pins on the seatbacks may be used in some embodiments to transmit forces in the axial direction of the vehicle when the latter retracted and restored. These figures show one ladder in the extended position and the other ladder in the retracted position. The service adjoining occupant supports. Retraction of these ladders use the rungs as sliders in cavities on the occupant supports.

Figs 22-19, 22-20 show embodiments with another ladder with a foot well safety wall 22-021. Two ladders are shown one retracted and the other deployed. Retraction of these ladders use the rungs as sliders in cavities on the occupant supports.

Fig 22-21 , 22-22 show a fixed or folding ladder that is both space and weight efficient.

Fig 22-23 show a sliding ladder in the deployed position immediately in front of the foot well of the occupant. This sliding ladder slides on one or both of the bottom of the foot well of an upper occupant support and the bottom of a foot frame.

Figure 22-24 shows the sliding ladder in a retracted or stored position. Ladder can slide for utility.

Fig 22-25 shows a occupant support with an occupant using the flatbed surface. The extension support 22-018 and the shoulder/head stop 22-019 are deployed for the comfort and safety of the occupant.

Fig 22-26 shows an occupant support with an occupant in the sitting position.

Figs 22-27, 22-28 show a wrap around seat back cushion to facilitate resting on the occupant while leaning on the side.

Figs 22-29, 22-30 show positions of air ducts to supply one or both of air vents placed near the head of the occupant in the sitting position and in the sleeping or flatbed position. The ducts are attached at the interfaces between the occupant supports and provide a single connection to the air supply from the aircraft, which may be at one of several levels-the conventional height of vents in traditional cabins i.e. above the seats and adjoining the lights for occupants, or with adapters to the central air supply at near the floor level that attached to ducts connecting such a adapter to the ducts shown in the figure.

Other embodiments with substantially enclosed pods with 22-012 that substantially separate the occupant spaces or pods, may simply have air supplies to both levels of occupant supports placed on the walls of the cabin. Many embodiments are constructed to have substantial isolation of airflow between the occupant supports and therefore fresh air will fill each of the occupant support cavities or pods to isolate air for each of the occupants for reasons of hygiene.

Figs 22-31, 22-32 highlight the extension support 22-018 and the shoulder/head stop 22-019.

Fig 22-33,34,35 show different views of another embodiment of the seat.

Figs 22-36, 37, 38 show the stacked version of the seats in 22-33, 34, 35.

Figs 22-39, 40, 41 show an embodiment of the single stack structure for Fig 22-36, 37, 38 with foot frames below for support and an optional drawer below.

Figs 22-42, 43, 44 show the structure for an embodiment without a foot frame for direct connection of the single stack structure to the seat tracks. This embodiment has a structural member on plate 1 with notch 22-043 to attach to the lower tube of the adjoining single stack structure along axis of the vehicle.

Figs 22-45,46,47 show the single stack structure for an embodiment without a foot frame for direct connection to the seat tracks. This embodiment has a structural member on plate 1 with notch 22-043 to attach to the both lower tube and upper tube of the adjoining support structure along axis of the vehicle.

Figs 22-48,49, 50 shows three contiguous stacked tiered seats.

Figs 22-51, 52, 53 show the deployment of three adjoining single stack structures with the interlinked plates. The version shown uses foot frames to attach to the seat tracks.

Fig 22-54, 55, 56 show latch attachment members fixed to the tubes. Here each vertical structure with a tiered par of seats has two latch pairs - at the front and at the back. One of the latch pairs (typically the front pair) may be configured for vertical loads or in other embodiments only compressive loads. Typically with such embodiments the individual single stack structures are not attached to each other and the separate single stack structures will transfer the tensile and compressive loads independently to the seat tracks. Figs 22-57,58,59 show latch attachment members fixed to the tubes. Here each single stack structure has a single latch pair - at the back. In such embodiments the individual structures are attached and the tensile and compressive loads distributed among the vertical structures. The attachments can also be with the upper tubes in some embodiments (not shown). A variation of this embodiment would have in addition a resting pad on the tracks for the front tubes in each single stack structure, thereby transferring compressive loads to the seat tracks.

Figs 22-60, 61, 62 show a folding front table top 22-047.

Figs 22-63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 show multiple embodiments of retractable (sliding or as drop flap) side tables.

Figs 22-69,70 show a detachable brace for a latch attachment for a child seat. Such child seats can be standard automotive seats. The brace may support either a forward facing seat or an angled seat in the direction of the flat bed surface. The brace is mounted to the Plate 3 or 3A through the shroud for structural integrity.

Bicycle seat

23-001 - Hip axis 23-008 - pivoting seat post (some embodiments only, further 23-002 - half saddle- side 1 some of these embodiments are spring loaded to revert to 23-003 - half saddle - side 2 forward facing position) 23-004 - slider 1 23-009 - seat post 23-005 - slider 2 23-010 - central bevel gear ( some simpler embodiments 23-006 - slide 1 simply use a standard gear)( teeth not shown) 23-007 - slide 2 23-011 - Linear bevel gear 1 ( teeth not shown)

23-012 - Linear bevel gear 2 ( teeth not shown)

23-013 - cross axle

Fig 23-01 - View 1 for bicycle seat shows the two half saddles, that are mounted on sliders. Each of the sliders slide on slides that amounted to the seat post. In some embodiments, the seat post has a pivoting element pivoting on the main seaports, to allow rotational freedom to a limited extent. Each of the sliders have a linear bevel gear that engages a circular bevel gear rotationally attached to the seat post. The figure also shows a position of the axis of the hip joint of the rider. The slides are constructed to approximate movement of the legs with regard to the position of that hip joint.the motion of the two half saddles will be in opposite directions as the legs articulate about the hip joint, and the feet move along the trajectory around circle controlled by the position of the pedals. This invention provides additional support for the leg that is not driving the pedal down, thereby creating improved support for the occupant. The motion of the two legs will actuate each of the two half saddles which in turn will move the linear bevel gears attached to each of them. These bevel gears engage the central circular bevel gear. Therefore, as one half saddle moves forward and upwards the other moves backwards and downgrades thereby creating a support for the upper leg based on the position of the lower leg and vice a versa with the positions of the legs are reversed as a move along the circumference of the pedal circle. This invention of the dynamic seat creates a active mechanism to support the leg that is not driving, and therefore the body of the occupant static seats with spring mechanisms along do not create support for the rising leg based on the position of the lowering leg. In addition, the seat has a rotating mechanism along the seat post that allows the entire seat to rotate to a limited extent and in some embodiments controlled by spring, so that the position along the direction of motion of the bicycle of each of the hips can be modified from what the bevel gears cause. In addition some embodiments may also have a spring shock absorber on the seat post, and/or gel half saddles for comfort. If

Fig 23-02 - View 2 for bicycle seat , shows the same elements as figure 23 - 01 from a different view.

Fig 23-03 - gear arrangements of bicycle seat. As may be seen as linear beveled years engage the circular bevel gear. Therefore as the sliders slide on the slides the movement of the linear bevel gears, rotate the central circular bevel gear.

Fig 23-04 - Alternative bicycle seat. The alternative bicycle seat does not use rotation about an approximated hip joint, but rather uses a access below the saddle for rotation. It also shows a lateral axle for pivoting. This embodiment still has two bevel gears attached to the to the two half saddles, will engage a central circular bevel gear.

Fig 23-05 - Alternative bicycle seat -view 2

Vortex Fire

24-001 - outershell 24-009 - grate 24-002 - Inner shell 24-010 - air feeder vents into fire 24-003 - Top ring 24-011 - air feeder vents below grate 24-004 - vortex vanes - shell 24-012 - strip with bent out (push out) flanges 24-005 - vortex vanes - top ring 24-013 - blow up of bend out (pushout) flanges 24-006 - air inlets 24-014 - Flange flap 24-007 - central air portal 24-015 - Bendable connection to sheet support 24-008 - central air portal roof

Fig 24-01 - General view if vortex fire “pit” - A contained fire with an air jacket.The figure shows multiple views of the vortex fire. Like other file pits that have an annular air jacket with inputs at the bottom and outputs of the top, this fire pit architecture will heat the air in the annular air jacket so that it projects out at the top. Other fire pit designs simply allow the air to flow vertically upwards out of the top of the annular jacket, either with or without a ring to direct airflow slightly inwards towards the fire. While this architecture works well, it is improved substantially by creating a vortex of air discharged from the top of the jacket by discharging such air at an angle so that such air projecting outwards forms a vortex with the hot gases from the fire and contains a fire more efficiently and raises the temperature of such contained gases, resulting in better combustion.

As may be seen that the vanes are positioned to direct the airflow in the annular space around the fire between the inner and outer shells. The air is directed at an angle, the project out of the top edge at an angle and therefore create a vortex of gases that improve combustion of the fire. As may be seen the top ring may also have such vanes that direct airflow at an angle. Some embodiments may have both vanes in the body and the operating, or may have such vanes in one or the other. As may be seen in the center of the body, some embodiments may have a protrusion to the fire area with air vents raised above the grate. Such a protrusion may have a roof that protects it from falling ash entering the air channels below. Some embodiments may also have air vents below the grate to feed residual unburnt materials on the grate.

Fig 24-02 - Vortex vanes shown with body removed. This figure shows the positions of the vanes. Notably, such vanes do not need to be continuous but can be built into in sections so that the overall airflow is directed at an angle to the vertical along the perimeter of the shells.

Fig 24-03 - insert to construct vanes with pushout flanges. Flat strip is bent to a ring or cylinder to be inside either the top ring or the outer shell (different sizes for each of these embodiments). As noted above the veins do not need to be continuous from top to bottom. One possible construction method is to have a flat plate of length equal to the circumference of one or the other of the outer or the inner shell, and have cut out sections that allow bending or popping out of elements that can direct the airflow. After construction of the plate with the cutouts, which may be done with water jets or other cutting mechanisms, the popout sections are bent out (or bent in depending on whether the flat plate is positioned next to the inner or outer shell). Thereafter, the flat plate is bent to follow the circumference of the fire, along the inner or outer shells as chosen.

Fig 24-04 is a cross-section of the fire pit. That shows cross-sections of the vanes, the inner and outer shell and the air reservoir below the file that feeds the annular air jacket around the fire, and the central portal for feeding the fire from the bottom specifics of the central portal also shown.

Mask architecture for better communication

25-001 - mask body 25-002 - Inhale duct 25-003 - inhale valve 25-004 - exhale valve

Fig 25-01 shows the mask in position on a user's face. Only half of the mask on one side of the face is shown as it is symmetrical and the sealants around the edge of the mask are not shown.

Fig 25-02 shows a view of the mask with the inhale duct visible. The inhale valve is not visible in this view. Fig-03 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the mask showing the cut away inhale duct and the valves. Flere the inhale valve is open and the exhale valve is closed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Occupant supports- Sterile Air Safety provisions

As previously disclosed the air sleeper units are modular and independent air supplies for the occupants. The present invention provides additional disclosures on this air supply and a positive pressure region of air for the occupant. Some embodiments have the air supply directed along the backrest to the head area of the backrest. Some embodiments will have one or more vents 21-028 at the end of this as supply duct 21-025. Other embodiments will in addition be configured to have distribution ducts 21-026 along the edge of the seatback on one or both sides of the head with vents 21-028 along those distribution ducts, thereby distributing the airflow around the head. Some such embodiments will have adequate airflow to ensure a positive pressure region 21-022 around the head and face so that the head and face is surrounded by fresh air, which drives out stale air from the region because of the positive pressure created by the supply of air through the air duct and distributed around the head. Such a positive pressure region will require a sufficient pressure gradient between the surrounding air in the cabin and the air supply through the vents. The positive pressure region around the head is improved with a shield or hood eg 21-023,21 -024, around the head region of the backrest. Such a hood would be in most embodiments be sealed with respect to airflow around the head section of the head section of the backrest, and be impervious to the flow of air, so that there is no leakage of air out of the positive pressure region around the head and face. Such a hood will move with the backrest, thereby ensuring that the positive pressure region is maintained regardless of the position of the seatback. Some embodiments may also have an extended hood so that even if the occupant leans forward from the seatback the positive pressure region is maintained around the face and head. Some embodiments may have sections of the hood transparent, so that the occupant does not feel claustrophobic. The hood may be semirigid or flexible. Some setbacks may have apertures openings which will need to be sealed in some embodiments with regard to airflow for the positive pressure region to be effective. The air supply needs to have adequate pressure and volume to be able to maintain the positive pressure region around the head and face, for all the passengers in the aircraft. This could have an impact on safety measures with regard to airborne or aerosol borne pathogens such as viruses. Clean air adequately free of pathogens for the safety of occupants will be ducted through the air supply system to the occupant supports and their own air supply ducting.

Considering that a priority for some embodiments would be ensuring that the positive pressure region is maintained regardless of passenger preference for comfort, the flow rate of air needs to be maintained at a minimum level to ensure that the positive pressure region is maintained. In most embodiments that have this requirement of a positive pressure region around the head and face will is able occupant control of flow rates of air below a threshold so that such a positive pressure region is always maintained. Some embodiments may allow the occupant to increase the flow rate however from this minimum threshold. Considering that the flow rate at the minimum threshold may be of some discomfort if the temperature of the air is not acceptable to the occupant, an airflow heater 21- 027 will be used in many embodiments under occupant control. Such a heater will allow the occupant to control the temperature of the air supplied to the head and face region. Such a control would mitigate a possible discomfort with the flowrate of the air even at the lower threshold.

Some embodiments of the invention are deployed on conventional seating either business-class or economy. These are shown in fig 21-01, Fig 21-02. Here again, each seat needs to be provided with a supply of pressurized air adequate for creating a positive pressure around the head and face of the occupant. The operation of such mechanisms in these embodiments with regard to the air supply, the heater the distribution ducts the vents and the hood follow the disclosures above.

In some embodiments the hood if attached to the seat back may be raised up the seat back or lowered for shorter and taller people.

In some economy seat embodiments, particularly when passenger shoulder are broader than the seat width the hood may need a cut out for the shoulders and therefore is limited in length along the seat back. As such hoods are shorter, they may need to be lowered for shorter people to provide protection that covers the face level.

Also yet other embodiments have the position of the vents adjustable with the hood up and down for shorter and taller people.

Some seats, Fig 49 often used in economy and business class, have a sliding seat bottom where the seat bottom slides forward as the seatback reclines. This allows the top of the seatback to remain substantially in the same vertical plane. In such an embodiment the hood may be fixedly or slidably attached to the fixed component of the seat or the support structure of the occupant support. If slidably attached it may be configured to slide down as the seatback reclines and moves down. Such sliding may be enabled by having an attachment between the seatback and the hood slidably attached to the support structure of the occupant support. Such embodiments of the present invention with a slidable hood, will have the hood moving a substantially vertical plane through the top of the seatback, as the seat reclines. This embodiment is particularly useful in economy class seats whether seat with may be less than the width of the shoulders of the occupant, and therefore as the hood slides vertically down it does not engage the shoulders which will move forward as the seat reclines and moves forward. In some such embodiments the hood is short in the vertical direction and covers the face and neck and moved down with the occupant as the seat reclines.

Business class seats may have wider hoods that are broader than shorter with and therefore may simply have a fixed hood that is deep enough vertically to cover the head in the reclined of flatbed position.

Some such embodiments of the invention may have the pressurized air supply attached to the hood rather than the seatback.

Some embodiments of the invention have “bubble” that may be on any of the AirSleeper embodiments or the economy or business class embodiments.

The bubble can take one of many structures. For example the drawings show a fan structure that can be “unfurled” or opened to any extent desired by the occupant to provide convenience and safety. The fan is composed of u shaped members which at the two ends are pivoted at two points on either side of the seat back or other support structure. The center of the U shaped member lies in front of the occupant. The bubble is closed or withdrawn by collapsing the U shaped members together at the top above the occupant’s head. Some embodiments have locking mechanisms in multiple positions. Some embodiments have holders for personal devices such as phones and tablets to be mounted on the bubble at a convenient position for the occupant. This arrangement gives the occupant greater privacy, greater quietness, and safety within the extended positive pressure region. Some embodiments may be such that the positive pressure region is well established around the face of the occupant and the probability of contaminated air coming into the bubble is remote, masks can be removed for greater comfort of passengers. Moreover, in this environment some embodiments would enable videoconferencing which are convenient without masks. The pivotal support for the personal digital device ( in the fan embodiment of the bubble) could be provided around the same location as the fan, and therefore have multiple positions for the convenience of the occupant. Some embodiments will have attachment points on the fan itself for the digital device support. Yet other embodiments will have charging cables along the support, so that occupants can use the digital devices over long periods of time. Some devices can be used for entertainment and for communication, particularly effective in the private environment provided by the bubble.

Other structures for the bubble include two rails on the side of the seat back that allow sections of the bubble to slide forward.

Some embodiments will have only a bubble and not the hood if the deployment of the bubble is an enforced requirement, to ensure safety of the occupants.

The bubble in some embodiments may be made of a transparent material to reduce claustrophobia of the occupant. In the case of the fan embodiment it can be flexible. Yet another embodiment, particularly useful for economy seat configurations has pressurized air ducted into lateral supports for the head. Such lateral supports in some embodiments are adjustable to the height of the occupant and the desired lateral pressure. The vents are directed towards the face so that minimal airflow is adequate to provide a positive pressure region in front of the face. Yet another embodiment has a front shield as shown in Fig 21-08. This may be retracted on a pivotal support above the head on either seat back or the occupant support structure. It will maintain a positive pressure region even better with the front covered.

Yet another embodiment has laterally deploying shields to enhance the positive pressure region. Such shileds may be a part of laterally retractable assemblies that include a lateral head support and some such head supports with air supplies. Embodiments of this aspect of the invention have a pair of such assemblies in some embodiments simply the shields that have a pincer movement towards each other when the head and or back is in the leaning position on the seatback. When pressure is released on the seatback by either the head and or the back the pincers open thereby allowing the occupant to lean forward or for egress and ingress. Several mechanisms are possible that would be well known to persons of ordinary skill one example is provided herein where each of the pincers 21 -047 are pivotally attached on a slidable pivot 21-048 on the seatback. The left and right pincers are pivotally attached in the center 21-049. Some embodiments will have a pressure pad 21-050 that senses pressure from either the head or the back making contact with the seatback. When such pressure is applied the pincers close. This arrangement may be spring-loaded so that it’s in the normally open position. Such an arrangement will enhance the positive pressure region more so in the closed position than in the open position.

The air supply in aircraft for distribution to occupants must be clean and be reasonably free of pathogens. Some embodiments of this invention include an ultraviolet light of adequate strength to destroy the pathogens. In some embodiments such an ultraviolet light is mounted in an air tank where the flow velocity is low and there is adequate time for the ultraviolet light to destroy the pathogens. An alternative embodiment could have allied inside a widened duct, but such an arrangement will need to take account of the fact that the area has a limited time in contact with the ultraviolet light and therefore the length of the light along the duct and the intensity of the light need to be adjusted to be adequate to destroy the pathogens in the duct. Other embodiments may have HEPA filters which can remove particulates.

The positive pressure region around the head and face will emulate the situation of social distancing in an open space and therefore provides greater protection for the occupants in the event of pandemics with airborne or aerosol borne pathogens, thereby permitting air travel mitigating the possibility of “spreader “events.

Another factor that is important for isolating occupants in aircraft particularly for economy class seats, is that the armrests need to be isolated between passengers. Some embodiments of the present invention have a raised center seat, and thereby raises the arm location of the center seat occupant thereby permitting a higher support surface of the arm. Moreover the present invention has covers for the center seat occupant and the side seat occupant which are designed to accommodate the upper arm locations of these occupants. The front of the armrests as may be seen from the fig 21-06, 21-034 the section where the hands of the occupants are isolated with lateral and upper surfaces. However, this is not practical towards the rear of the fore arm as the upper arm will need to be accommodated. Some embodiments of the present invention accommodate this by having a standard center seat armrest thereby giving a greater vertical distance for clearance of the upper arm of the site seat occupant this may be seen in figure 21-06, 21 - 037. Similarly, the upper arm position of the center seat occupant is not that critical as there is nothing above the center seat occupants armrest to block the upper arm. The possible profile of the upper arm is shown in figure 21-06, 21 - 036.

Some embodiments may not have the inclined armrest of the center seat and basically have a narrower armrest towards the back. Some of these embodiments may even have a vertical flat barrier at the very back of the arm rest with no arm support. Therefore more support is derived if elbows are placed forward in these embodiments.

The present invention is shown to have a raised center seat however the converse is also possible with raised sides seats and the armrests appropriately exchanged.

AirSleeper 08

The present invention discloses a set of embodiments of the Air Sleeper, It can also be used in any vehicle for a support structure for occupants . Aircraft cabins have a limited vertical space to the ceiling. Therefore, space economies in the vertical direction are critical for a working design that can meet the geometry constraints of an aircraft cabin. Moreover, as in many past embodiments of their sleeper each occupant has aisle access. Furthermore, this embodiment offers the occupant a sitting position and a flatbed position, without significant moving parts. The present invention has mini cabins or pods for each of the occupants that can isolate air supplies of each occupant from the others. Air supply sources are provided to the Air Sleeper modules from the central air supply system and are channeled through to each of the parts. Vents in many of the embodiments will be positioned near the head of the occupant, in both the sitting position on the flatbed position, to create a positive pressure region around the face of the occupant to ensure that fresh air is inhaled. The supply of air from the central air system, maybe to each of the individual pods or in some embodiments to a vertical stack of upper and lower parts or occupant support mechanisms. Some such embodiments will have the connection to the central system for air at the level of vents in conventional cabins. Such a connection will then be separated to the upper part vents and a supply provided to the lower pod as supply ducting. In other embodiments, the air supply may be from the main air supply system to ports near the floor on in the lower part of the cabin to feed into a lower pod or occupant support which in turn has ducting to separate supply to the upper pod and to the vents of the lower part or occupant support mechanism. Some embodiments will use the architecture for the air ducts as shown in the figures in particular item 22-023. each of the occupant support modules will have adapters to attach to adapters of another occupant support module installed immediately above or below. A lateral ducting within adapter edits and will lead to the side of the aircraft cabin to attach to the main air supply in the aircraft. (A floor connection is also possible) This can be at any level to correspond to the position of the adapter on the cabin wall for the air supply.

Some of the embodiments have a leg and foot well for the upper occupant that is below the ceiling of the pod housing the lower occupant. This architecture results in a reduction in the required vertical space for the tiered architecture. Further, some embodiments have a drawer below the seat of the lower tier occupant, to store baggage. Some such embodiments may also have a conveyor belt as previously disclosed to move baggage within the drawer for the convenience of the occupants.

In the lower tier of occupants, considering that the foot well of the upper occupant pods intruded into the space of the lower occupant pods and there is limited head swing space in the event of a collision, particular reference to a 16 G test requirement, air cushions 22- 017, (which may have vents and may be foam filled) may be installed on the lower edge of the foot wells on the lower occupant side to mitigate injury in the event of a head strike. Yet other embodiments have a sloping rear wall of the foot well that reduces the intrusion of the food well into the space of the lower occupant pod.

Egress and ingress to the upper tier occupant pods will be with stairs that may be fixed or retracted to a stowed position when not in use. A light functional solution would be to have a simple sliding ladder 22-027 that slides into position for egress and ingress. For ease of use by the occupant the ladder may have an actuation handled on an extension near the occupants armrest. Therefore, it can be pulled in place while seated in the upper occupant support seat. Other ladder arrangements are also disclosed each with their own benefits but with a disadvantage dimensional weight which is a critical factor in aircraft. The ladder arrangements for egress and ingress may in some embodiments have an additional structural role. For example the retractable ladder that extends to the back of the seat - retractable ladder with full length safety wall - may have structural studs to attach to the seatback on the front and back of the lateral safety wall. Such a safety wall will provide a shear plane to maintain the rigidity of the support structure. In a smaller more weight efficient embodiment - Ladder with foot well safety wall - what the fund. The safety wall is limited to the footwell. Here again attachment points with studs on the front and the rear of the safety wall will enhance rigidity of the structure. A fixed ladder structure as disclosed we also have a structural role in making the occupant support system rigid in a impact condition.

Hold rails Are attached to the support structure and integrated into the furniture adjoining the seat backs, to facilitate egress and ingress particularly for the upper tier occupants.

Safety of the occupant is of paramount importance when in the occupant support. In the seated position traditional approaches for safety such as seat belts may be used. Flowever, occupant safety in the lie flat position will require careful consideration, particularly during takeoff and landing. The invention provides a shoulder/head stop 22-0192 limited motion of the shoulder and therefore the head in the event of an axial impact event for the vehicle.

Such a shoulder/head stop in some embodiments may be folded into an extension support to support the occupant when in the flatbed position. Such an extension support may itself be folded down onto the side of the foot well, or in other embodiments may be slidable below the seat bottom or the flatbed surface. In embodiments where there is a second drawer on the side of the foot well on the lower tier pod, the extension support and the shoulder stop may be attached to the front surface of the drawer.

The front of such a second drawer will also provide a shear plane for loading of the foot frame in an axial deceleration condition such as a crash. 22-008. In the absence of he second drawer the side wall of the foot frame will provide the required shear plane for rigidity.

To enhance structural strength and rigidity for an assembled structure, some embodiments have several latch arrangements between the single stack structures. The embodiments shown in the figures represent these latch arrangements as notches for ease of representation. Many such latch arrangements will be slidably attached to allow axial motion of the adjoining single stack structures, but providing vertical load sharing. Some embodiments have attachments between the plates 1 , 3, 3A or 2 at either or both the upper tube level and the lower tube level. Several variations of embodiments are shown in figures 22-05A to 22-08C. In embodiments where there is no footwell Plate 1 may have such interconnections without adversely affecting egress and ingress. This si shown for example in Figs 22-42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. In the case of embodiments with footwells and foot frames as previously connections between adjoining foot frames and the related latches provide the transfer of loading between the single stack structures mounted there on and therefore aid in load sharing with connections between the adjoining single stack structures. Attachment between such contiguous AirSleeper units are disclosed in prior disclosures of the applicant.

A slight staggering of the position of the occupant supports in the upper tier relative to the occupant supports in the lower tier permits the direct support of the seatback of the lower tier with the lumbar support of the upper tier thereby increasing the structural rigidity of the system and is reflected in the design of the single stack structure. Alternative positions are possible with different staggering of upper and lower seats.

Some embodiments of the present invention use a plate 3 or 3A as a structural member beneath the shroud of the flatbed separator wall 22-012 as a structural member to provide rigidity to the single stack structures in the event of an axial deceleration loading on the vehicle. These structural members would provide a “shear plane” to prevent deflection of the system in the event of a crash event along the axis of the aircraft. Similarly plate 1 located on the aisle side of the seat will provide a role of a “shear plane” to transfer axial loading in the aircraft during crash conditions.

Pivoting armrests may be installed on either or both of the upper and lower tier occupant supports to facilitate egress and ingress.

Display screens may be installed for the lower tier occupant on the outside substantially vertical surface of the foot well of the upper tier occupant support. Such a display screen may also be pivotally attached during takeoff and landing so that the potential head strike in the event of an axial direction loading will happen on the passive air cushion if installed.

Oxygen supply will in these embodiments usually be with oxygen generators for each of the occupant supports rather than a centralized supply. However, a satellite supply may also be used.

Each occupant support has a front table 22-014,047 and several possible side tables 22-013, 48, 49 for the convenience of the occupant. Some such retractable table tops are retractable into the top of the adjoining flatbed housing 22-011, or folds down flat against the wall 22-005 of the flatbed. Retractable tables 22-48, and49 may have folding flaps to add to the surface area when deployed.

The process for deployment of the AirSleepers in some embodiments with foot frames, will be first the installation of the foot frames with latches to the seat tracks. Such latches may be configured to attach it to adjoining foot frames. Thereafter, the single stack structures are attached thereto with latches. Such attachments are disclosed in prior disclosures of the applicant.

Alternatively, in some embodiments the single stack structures are attached with latches to the seat tracks. Many latches that may be used for such attachment are in prior disclosures of the applicant. Adjoining single stack structures may be latched together embodiments with this feature.

The single stack structures may be preassembled with the 2 tier seats assembled as shown in Fig 22-36,37,38 or in some embodiments where the single stack structure can be separated into a structure comprising the lower tubes and another with the upper tubes, seats may be installed as units shown in Figs 22-33, 22-34, 22-35.

In other embodiments, the occupant support elements of each of the lower level occupant supports may be preassembled and attached to the foot frames with latches. Some such embodiments will have the flatbed surface 22-004 and the sitting surface 22-001 , 22-002, 22-003 and the flatbed housing 22-011 covering the flatbed surface 22-004 of the occupant behind the installed occupant support. In this installation in some embodiments, the flatbed surface 22-004 may be attached to not just the foot frames immediately below the sitting surface 22-001 and the foot well 22-009, but also to the foot frames immediately fore (front) of the occupant support, to increase structural strength and rigidity to the installed system. The subsequent installation of the occupant support in front of this occupant support that has been installed will follow the same procedure and in addition have its flatbed housing 22-011 attached to the flatbed surface 22-004 of the occupant support immediately behind, for additional rigidity and strength of the installed system.

Following the installation of the first tier of occupant supports in the system, the upper tier is installed. This assumes that the single stack structure can be separated into an upper and lower section.

Structural support of the system of occupant supports is made up of single stack structures that may in some embodiments be separated in to upper and lower parts.

Such single stack structures may have some or all elements comprising composite materials such as carbon fiber fabrications. The single stack structures accommodate the sitting position and flatbed position for the occupant in a contiguous space. The support tubes transferred the initial loading during impact and also the weight of the occupant to the support tracks. These loads are conveyed through the support plates. Considering the substantial moments of the initial loading of the system comprising the occupants and the support structures during a crash condition such as a 16 G loading in the axial direction of the aircraft or vehicle, many embodiments will benefit from attachments between structural supports of contiguous occupant supports. There are many possibilities for such attachments. As disclosed by the applicant in the past some such attachments will need to accommodate expansion and contraction of the airframe. Therefore some such attachments will have such detachable attachments having sliding arrangements. These are shown in some of the figures as notches.

Assembly and disassembly of the occupant supports and transferring them out of the aircraft for maintenance or installation needs to consider the sides of the largest component that needs to be moved to fit through the doors. To this end the support tubes may have telescoping sections. Clearly, the overlapping sections of those telescoping tubes must be of sufficient length to sustain the loading forces. Moreover weight considerations are important in sizing the tubes for both their structural role and for allowing such telescoping action.

Fig 22-05A, B and C, show an embodiment of the single stack structures. The embodiment shown is attached at the top of foot frames which provide such structural support as disclosed in prior disclosures of the applicant. The single stack structures include structural tubes 22-028, structural plates 22-029, 22-030 and 22-031 (or 22-032 not shown). They also include structural support for handles for the applicant. Structural plate 22-030 is optional if a cantilevered solution is acceptable considering the forces on the structural system and a crash during conditions.

Seat support elements 22-034 are attached to the seat bottom. And the sleeper support elements 22-035 are attached to the flatbed element.

Fig 22-06A, B and C show an embodiment two sets of structural support members. In some such embodiments structural support members of contiguous occupant supports are connected to allow the transfer of forces between the contiguous structural support members to mitigate track loadings.

The figures show the features 22-37, 22-38, 22-39 which are notches for slidable attachment between the support structures of contiguous occupant supports.

Figures 22-07A, B, C show an embodiment as in figs 22-06A, B, C but with structural plate 3A or 22-032 rather than 22-031. This structural plate increases the flexibility in the shape of shrouds separating the occupant supports, but limits the structural strength of the assembled structural support members. For example some shrouds will leave an open space between pods and so the place 3A will accommodate that with a compromise to structural rigidity.

Figures 22-08A, B and C show the structural support members directly attached to the seat tracks with suitable latches. Some embodiments of such latches are disclosed in prior filings of the applicant.

Latch arrangements to the seat tracks for the embodiments without the foot frame, need to accommodate the vertical loading of the single stack structures, and also the horizontal loading during rapid deceleration or acceleration of the vehicle. If the single stack structures are not attached to each other in the axial direction two latch pairs would be normal approximately below the two tubes at the lower level. Usually one of the two latches will have horizontal load limiting and both latches will have vertical compressive and tensile load limiting.

However, when adjoining single stack structures are attached to each other as noted above, there is load sharing between the single stack structures. Therefore in such embodiments the front latch of each of the single stack structures have a limited role. And may be limited to a compression loadbearing pad.

This will take the vertical loading of the single stack structure.

Loadbearing during axial deceleration of the vehicle will be transferred to the rear latch of each of the single stack structures which are now connected with the single stack structure behind.

Similar arguments are provided for the case with foot frames in prior disclosures of the applicant.

Embodiments disclosed herein for the air sleeper are also family-friendly, and include a detachable brace for a child seat in the space adjoining the occupant sitting position. Latch arrangements for such a child seat need to be attached to a structural member because of loadings during crashes. Some embodiments of the present invention attach the brace to the plate 3 or 3A through the shroud for structural integrity.

Figs 22-69,70 show the detachable brace for a latch attachment for a child seat. Such child seats can be standard automotive seats. The brace may support either a forward facing or rear facing seats, and can be latched onto a brace that accommodates a forward facing direction or a angled direction in the direction of the flat bed surface.

The Brace and structural strength should accommodate the maximum size of child seat. There are child seats and boosters available in the market for children upto 12 years of age.

The air supply system for the occupant supports in this invention will be extended in this embodiment with the child seat support facility to have an auxiliary vent just ahead of the child seat position.

If the Occupant support spaces are substantially sealed pods with the wall 22-012 as a complete partition, an air supply in the pod will suffice and will fill the space in the pod with a positive pressure and feed both the occupant and the child in the child seat.

Virtual Navigation in real spaces

This disclosure extends the disclosure of US Applications 60/787444 and 11/730 161, 14/203,088, 14/708,594, and PCT2017/064626. Virtual Navigation in a Real Field or Space of a User in a network comprising Users and Sources, is the process of a User using a display device that displays the view from cameras of a first Source, of selecting a point where a second Source is represented in the spacial context of the view of the first Source and thereby instructing the network to display the view from the cameras of the second Source, and the User thereby seeing on the display the view of the second Source.. This process can continue iteratively to a sequence of Sources and is a process of virtual navigation along a trajectory of the Sources on the path.

Authentication with Blockchain. The active network of the virtual navigation system may comprise a block chain network with nodes including the Sources and Users of the VNS. Therefore, participating Sources and User Members will have copies of the block chain on the clients in the device applications. The transfer of experience through audio and video communication channels in the VNS system from Sources to Users, however can be replicated to many Users from each Source. Therefore, unlike money transactions as used in for example Bitcoin and Ethereum networks, an experience can be shared with many consumers of the experience - the Users.

Unlike a financial transaction, the transaction object structure will contain unique identifying information related to segments of the communication from Source to User. As a User navigates from one Source to another he/she leaves footprints of the path from one Source to the next. For each Source therefore, there is a start time and location that defines the beginning of the segment from that Source, and an end time and in location that defines the end of the segment from that Source. Moreover, each of those segments from the Source comprises data and a unique summary representation of the data such as a checksum we characterize the segment. Also the time duration between start and finish of the segment can be computed. Furthermore, the protocol for communication of each segment will be established at the time of communication (for example in web RTC the SDP exchange establishes the common protocol between Source and User interface nodes).

The transaction structure in the block chain used to authenticate communications in the VNS may in embodiments contain one of the following sets of information or variations thereof, in addition to the standard elements of transaction objects ( eg in Ethereum: Nonsc, to, gasprice, gas limit, v,r,s) :

1. The start time and location, end time and location, checksum of segment between start time and end time, protocol for communication.

2. The start time and location, end time and location, checksum of segment between start time and end time.

3. The end time and location, duration of segment, checksum of segment between start time and end time.

One or more of such transactions constitute a Block. Notably the systems and units of each of the parameters above must be predefined.

An alternative in some embodiments would define transactions with synchronous event capture in fixed periods - say every minute with location and time records and checksums for the period, rather than using the start time and in time with locations. Depending on the size of the network, there may be challenges in the number of transactions and an unreasonably large Block Time constructing and maintaining the block chain.

Notably, with a view to authentication a Source can also be a User, and record segments for self-consumption with the block chain activated for authentication.

Considering that there is a cost in using the block chain, Users may opt to engage the block chain or not depending on their interest in authentication of the shared information in any segment. When activated, the block chain will be appended with transactions with the Source desired by the User. This activation can be achieved at the User interface node which is a client on the active network with the block chain network, with client commands programmed to instruct activating or deactivating the block chain for the current segment. (The blockchain applications for smart contracts may in some embodiments for example be programmed for Ethereum in Solidity with an ABI for a node.js application and use web3.js libraries to interact with the block chain).

Payment for the use of the block chain for any segment can utilize the standard approaches for payment such as in Ethereum. Moreover, if there is future value in a segment from a Source, Users may wish to pay a price to receive that segment. This price can be set by the Source. The payment can be made in some embodiments on the block chain network such as Ethereum or Bitcoin.

Future value of such segments could vary widely depending on the scarcity or abundance of the segment available from Users that have recorded the segment. If the segment has been authenticated on the block chain the value may be even higher.

The availability of Sources in a particular context or location at a particular time (an event) will vary. For example if an event occurs where there are many Sources that will be greater redundancy in the available local information. On the other hand a scarcity of Sources at the event reduces such redundancy. Therefore, the Shannon entropy of the communications from Sources will vary depending on such scarcity or abundance of local availability of Sources. Rare Sources may have a higher value in the event coverage is important to many Users or even of high-value to a single User.

Recognizing that while the Source to User two way communication for a segment is easily achieved, when there are multiple Users, two-way interaction between the Source and the User will be more difficult. When there is a single User in a two-way interaction with the Source the reverse voice channel segment from the User to the Source can also be part of the transaction on the block chain if the block chain is activated in some embodiments. In the multiple User case text may be used on the screens of the Users interface capturing the reverse channels from Users to the Source. As this is a part of the video record that do can be captured on the block chain in some embodiments.

A related embodiment of an architecture of authentication on telephone calls and videoconferences that uses the same block chain mechanism for authentication of dialogue between 2 or more participants in a call. In the case of a videoconference transaction objects may comprise multiple checksums of peer to peer segments or the checksum of a composite video transfer if individual videos are combined and transferred to each of the participants in a star configuration.

The block chain will constitute multiple transactions and in aggregate these transactions may include multiple segments from Sources to Users in the local space of an event of interest ex-post. The block chain will therefore offer a mechanism for authentication of “truth media”. Some embodiments will have smart contracts in the block chain (eg Ethereum) that search for locations in transactions, identify sets of segments between Sources and Users, identified the Users that own the segments (They may have paid a non-zero price for the segments to the Source), and negotiate with each of the Users (the Source may also be a User) for their Ask price for access to their segment. These will then be combined and presented to the requester who may also be on the block chain as a User. The requester may then choose one or more of the Source segments. Notably, if there are multiple Users with the same Source the value of segments from any one of those Users will be eroded (Shannon Entropy). Some embodiments will include in the smart contract the redundancy information on every Source segment in the possession of the Users, so that the User may use this information to recognize the redundancy in his/her Ask price. In some embodiments, the requester will pay for the “gas” or cost for the smart contract.

Search techniques for directional node pairs between Sources and Users for each segment can use established techniques in graph theory and in methodologies for searching large data sets.

The smart contract can be programmed for Ethereum for example on Solidity and compiled to give the Bytecode for the blockchain and the ABI for interface with for example a node.js client server application that has the client interface for driving the application as noted above.

Considering that this invention enables users to navigate in a remote local space to sources and related source members in that local space, and interact with such sources or source members, a verification process of events that occurred in the local space is present in some embodiments. These embodiments have the equivalent of a process of triangulation of information from multiple sources at that remote location (“Truth Triangulation”). Notably such triangulation uses un-curated information, and therefore more reliable.

In some embodiments where source members corresponding to the sources are not human but rather robots or other entities, Artificial Intelligence methodologies well known in the background will query such source members about information that such source members have, derived from the local environment. One such embodiment has source members attached to one or more sources has a local loop recording of video for a period of 10 min (More or less depending on the cost of memory and the importance of a source member based on recent interest of users that may be determined for example using the number of users attached to the Source in the last hour) that generates a “Perspective Image” from the clip over a short history. Each such Source and related Source Member will have audio and video data that can be queried with an artificial intelligence “Interrogator” that can use object recognition to identify objects such as faces, body structure, furniture, vehicles, buildings, and use of words and phrases in the audio clip to glean information about the recent history of the local environment and construct a parametric representation which in some embodiments identifies people and the nature of their interaction in the Perspective image which could include short clips of video corroborating a thesis. Multiple such Perspective Images from Sources/Source Members will be resources available to reconstruct an event.

Such reconstruction in some embodiments use Artificial Intelligence approach as well known in the background art to aggregate interrogations of multiple sources in a user environment to statistically construct a “Truth Image” by correlating elements of the multiple Perspective Images. One such embodiment has a database of recognized faces and/or other objects available on the Active Network, that is queried by the expert system to establish the objects and persons in the local environment and their relative locations. Such relative locations are reconstructed using the multiple perspectives available to the Al Expert System to reconstruct the 3D event (Using either or both of the time sequence of images and the multiple views available from Sources) and an inference engine that connects audio clips to each of the persons in the local neighborhood and infers with an inference engine (Expert System) a synopsis of the event (the “Event Synopsis”). (The inference engine with link cause -Effect linkages with the principle of transitivity) . Therefore, the application results in a solution for truth media that is constructed from multiple sources.

Such a Truth Image in these embodiments will of course be only as dependent as the integrity of the artificial intelligence methodology used for such aggregation. There is therefore a trust authentication required in such embodiments to ensure that technologies used have the required level of integrity. Trust certificates for the elements of the Al system (the “Trust Certificates”) to be verified by the Active Network is a solution for some embodiments.

Source video clips are verified manually in other embodiments where Users review the clips and establish the Truth Image.

In yet other embodiments, where looped audio/video clips are not available from Sources, and where human source members are used for Truth Triangulation and non-visual data are also needed for the construction of a Truth Image, the reliability of the source members will be a factor for consideration. Trust networks (see for example US 8,386,301) with common members as the active network of the VNS will be used to construct Trust Certificates of members and therefore available for use in statistical construction of a Truth Image. Each human source/source member in the local neighbor hood may have a chain of trust relationships reaching back to the User and these relationships are weighted by a factor based on the level of trust through the aggregated chain to give a weighted impression of the event that has a higher trusted level.

Truth Triangulation comprising a process of verification of information from multiple sources application with information of interest. Truth triangulation results in verified information that does not depend on curated media.

The above are all solutions to the specific problem of verification of the truth using un-curated visual and or audio data from a remote local neighborhood.

An embodiment of the present invention wherein the cluster cameras have fields of view to cover 360° with the two or more cameras in the cluster. Transformations well known in the background art to convert to 360° views from “fisheye” cameras stitched together, and thereby convert to multiple types of projections desired that may include equi-rectangular and spherical images. Such transformations will in some embodiments include using such video to construct a 3D VR viewing environment with dual images presented to each of the eyes with an appropriate viewing device - the simplest being a split image on a mobile phone and a card to separate the light rays from the left and right images of the split image being confined to the respective eyes.

Such transformation as noted above of the 360° images in some embodiments would also enable the use of viewers or users of the VNS to select a narrow field of view of interest by translating or rotating the view position and viewing device. Notably, the present invention is not simply viewing in either 2D or 3D the environment of the Source. But rather it includes the ability to navigate in that local space of that Source. Icons assess navigation are placed in all directions (upto the complete sphere of directions (polar or rectangular coordinates) from the current source using the vector of relative position between the current Source and the available Sources for navigation. Such relative positions of the Current Source relative to other Sources in the neighborhood, are in some embodiments derived from GPS locations of the source transmitted as for example session metadata from mobile phones with cameras. An application server (often distinct from the media server) that constructs the relative position vectors for rendering on the user interface player with for example full stack JavaScript/HTML/CSS or other environments well known in the background art, as a layer regardless of the transformation from the original image from the cluster camera of the Source.

The placement of selection icons in some embodiments may however be using frame-based metadata in the video stream to embed positions and content of URIs for selection. Such Meta-data in some embodiments use name:value pairs that include the URI and relative vector parameters ( for conciseness only the relative position vectors from the current video source being viewed. Some embodiments may use well known formats like XMP or use Meta-Track. In such embodiments the user client interface will strip out the metadata and construct the layer for selection on the user interface using for example Javacript/HTML/CSS. This implementation has the added advantage of storage of URIs selection information for any kind URI including those specifically for navigation noted in the present invention. Such self-contained videos with the URI selection information in the metadata can be reconstructed on their own, in some embodiments, to link up with synchronous recordings of other sources to which such URIs may be linked. Therefore, the navigation process in some embodiments will be enabled to replicated not just in real-time but also through environments of the past. Such embodiments will require the storage and synchronous links of videos of linked sources using the active network of the present invention and indirect addressing of the stored video URIs from the real-time URIs of the same videos. Considering the huge volume of data, it is likely that such storage will be in distributed facilities as noted elsewhere in this invention such as the cloud. Indexing such videos across the local environment and in time with approaches well known in the background art for such synchronous indexing, maybe extended around the world. This would offer un-curated journeys into the past or “Virtual Time Machine” which again is a valuable resource for Truth Media. For economy of storage frames every second or even less frequently with embedded URIs may be stored. Moreover, as noted elsewhere in this disclosure, the use of Block Chain for authentication and verification and financial transactions are used in some of these embodiments use such embedding in the metadata and cloud or other archives as noted above to reconstruct available information from the past on potential and actual links to users that were available.

In some embodiments using p-to-p protocols, the video channel is not received and retransmitted to the user. This poses challenges for Virtual Time Machine as there is no video information on the server side. Channeling the video stream through the server will slow it down and increase latency that is not attractive. A solution in some embodiments of this invention create a client on the server side to receive the same p-to-p streams without compromising the latency of the p-to-p streams to users. This is a “shadow” p-to-p client and receive the video stream p-to-p and embeds the same URIs from the database on the applications server, that are seen by the client side using the layer concept with a player using for example Java/HTML/CSS. This data becomes the resource for the Virtual Time Machine.

This enables the storing of an archive copy of the live media with the embedded active URIs for navigating to the available other Sources in that local environment. In some embodiments, the URIs are saved in a separate layer using for example Java/HTML/CSS technologies and saved in a MP4 or other container with a synchronized data layer with the URI information. Therefore, the archives can recreate the same links with indirect addressing and indexing methodologies in databases, to find the archived source and recreate the navigation experience from the past.

This strategy will also work for embodiments that use server relayed video transmission such as HLS. Here there is no need for a Shadow client on the server side as the stream passes through the server and can be integrated with the URIs layer to be stored in a container such as MP4.

If we don’t use WebRTC or other p-to-p technology, we will route the video though the server. Here we can embed the meta-data in the video either as a synchronous data stream or embedded like a subtitle. The player must know the difference between this data and then display it as URLs and not as sub titles. The leading “subtitle” in these embodiments will be a signature for telling the p[layer to interpret the following “subtitles “ as URI data.

The URI data in some embodiments is a string of URIs with their IDs and locations in a single subtitle or transmitted sequentially in a contiguous sequence (say 10 URs can be send within a second in sequential frames.)

In some embodiments, the location and URIs data can be multiplexed in standard headers is say the .MP4 container. The MP4 can be broken down into fragments that each have headers. So, when there is a change in data a new fragment can be transferred.

Other embodiments have a separate data channel synchronized to the video in the MP4 or another container format.

A variation of this is an embodiment where the saving of the video streams are looped for example over a period of 30 minutes. This will enable users to “rewind” the navigation to past information to “catch up” on events covered in the local neighborhood of the currently chosen source. Replay in some of these embodiments can also be faster than realtime (2x, 4x etc) so that the user can get to the real time navigation using the live real time streams and the real time URIs after a short recap of the past. This will be by switching to the real time stream from the archive recordings to the real time when the loop has been played upto the present time at faster than real time speeds.

Yet other embodiments save only key frames in compressed video to save archive space, or in yet other embodiments save one frame per second or even less frequent frame rates to allow reconstruction of past events with reduced memory required. Still other embodiments save every second or even less frequently, duplets or triplets of consecutive frames to reconstruct 3D visualizations at each of these time points.

Location based address space

Traditional address spaces and IP addresses partition the internet into the regions that are in a finer resolution the IP addresses of a provider in a region. While operationally useful , these may be less intuitive than an address space based on location in the world across providers and technologies for the internet, and may be easily extender to planets and other extra celestial objects.

Therefore, for these embodiments, the ADDRESS SPACE for URIs create SPACE based (location based addressing system with URI addresses.

So that searching for locations become much easier and is numerical address based.

For example, in these embodiments, the URIs have location based addressing system.

If Camera A at time t was at a location it would be saved with a 4 or 6 part address just like the internet addressing system but with location being the basis for the numbering regardless of the Service provider or technology.

Using the latitude and longitude we need to have an address space large enough to capture the longitude and the latitude to say 1 mm at the surface of the earth.

Computing this, we have over the earth every second of angle represents 29800 mm. So to get an address resolution of 1 mm we will need to capture about 1/30,000 of a second of angle or have an address space to cover 38,620,800,000 or in hexadecimal: 8FDFAA400 or contained in 8FFFFFFFF or easily contained in 3xFFFF. Therefore, for longitude and latitude will be 2x3xFFFF or 6xFFFF. In addition there is altitude which can be in some embodiments up to 100,000 m or 100 million mm. It can be a positive number or negative as well for depths from the surface. This translates to a hexadecimal: 5F5E100. This can be accommodated in 2x FFFF.

To give an address space with 8 segments of:

FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

Which is more than either the conventional 4 segment or 6 segment spaces.

An alternative scheme allowing upto 16,777,215 mm or 167,772 m in altitude/depth can be accommodated in 6 HEX digits or FF FFFF.

Therefore, for economy of address space and still retaining the convention of FFFF as the unit of a section of the address the entire address can be contained as follows by using a shared FFFF group for the longitude and latitude and altitude as follows (the ordering of the elements can be changed for alternative conventions.)

Therefore, using the convention noted above of one of the segments sharing elements with the 3 coordinate spaces we have:

Or an address space of FFFF. FFFF. FFFF. FFFF

So for example a URI can be either transmitted or stored (for Virtual Time Machine) in a conventional 6 part address.

Which is easily accommodated with current conventions.

A registry in some embodiments will serve to translate the Internet of Space address to the traditional IP addresses.

This system can be extended to planetary systems with IDs as well for ordered interplanetary communication including altitude above surface of each planet or other celestial body. Recognizing that human influence is largely limited to ranges of altitude from the surface of planets.

The following embodiment identifies up to planetary systems using for example the latitude/longitude convention and the altitude and human influence is most likely in the neighborhood of the surface of celestial bodies such as planets.

URI/Longitude/Latitude as RELATIVE vectors in meta data is more efficient particularly as it is in frame data and can be converted to absolute location with the location information of the current source.

Bicycle seat

As shown in the figures, the bicycle seat consists of two half saddles, that are mounted on sliders. Each of the sliders slide on slides that amounted to the seat post. In some embodiments, the seat post has a pivoting element pivoting on the main seaports, to allow rotational freedom to a limited extent. Each of the sliders have a linear bevel gear that engages a circular bevel gear rotationally attached to the seat post. The figure also shows a position of the axis of the hip joint of the rider. The slides are constructed to approximate movement of the legs with regard to the position of that hip joint. The motion of the two half saddles will be in opposite directions as the legs articulate about the hip joint, and the feet move along the trajectory around circle controlled by the position of the pedals. This invention provides additional support for the leg that is not driving the pedal down, thereby creating improved support for the occupant. The motion of the two legs will actuate each of the two half saddles which in turn will move the linear bevel gears attached to each of them. These bevel gears engage the central circular bevel gear. Therefore, as one half saddle moves forward and upwards the other moves backwards and downgrades thereby creating a support for the upper leg based on the position of the lower leg and vice a versa with the positions of the legs are reversed as a move along the circumference of the pedal circle. This invention of the dynamic seat creates a active mechanism to support the leg that is not driving, and therefore the body of the occupant static seats with spring mechanisms along do not create support for the rising leg based on the position of the lowering leg. In addition, the seat has a rotating mechanism along the seat post that allows the entire seat to rotate to a limited extent and in some embodiments controlled by spring, so that the position along the direction of motion of the bicycle of each of the hips can be modified from what the bevel gears cause. In addition some embodiments may also have a spring shock absorber on the seat post, and/or gel half saddles for comfort. If

Fig 23-03 shows the gear arrangements of bicycle seat. As may be seen as linear beveled years engage the circular bevel gear. Therefore as the sliders slide on the slides the movement of the linear bevel gears, rotate the central circular bevel gear.

Fig 23-04 - Alternative bicycle seat. The alternative bicycle seat does not use rotation about an approximated hip joint, but rather uses an axisin below the saddle for rotation. It also shows a lateral axle for pivoting. This embodiment still has two bevel gears attached to the to the two half saddles, will engage a central circular bevel gear.

Vortex fire

The vortex fire “pit” as shown in the figures in multiple views, like other file pits that have an annular air jacket with inputs at the bottom and outputs of the top, this fire pit architecture will heat the air in the annular air jacket so that it projects out at the top. Other fire pit designs simply allow the air to flow vertically upwards out of the top of the annular jacket, either with or without a ring to direct airflow slightly inwards towards the fire. While this architecture works well, it is improved substantially by creating a vortex of air discharged from the top of the jacket by discharging such air at an angle so that such air projecting outwards forms a vortex with the hot gases from the fire and contains a fire more efficiently and raises the temperature of such contained gases, resulting in better combustion.

As may be seen that the vanes are positioned to direct the airflow in the annular space around the fire between the inner and outer shells. The air is directed at an angle, the project out of the top edge at an angle and therefore create a vortex of gases that improve combustion of the fire. As may be seen the top ring may also have such vanes that direct airflow at an angle. Some embodiments may have both vanes in the body and the operating, or may have such vanes in one or the other. As may be seen in the center of the body, some embodiments may have a protrusion to the fire area with air vents raised above the grate. Such a protrusion may have a roof that protects it from falling ash entering the air channels below. Some embodiments may also have air vents below the grate to feed residual unburnt materials on the grate.

Fig 24-02 - Vortex vanes shown with body removed. This figure shows the positions of the vanes. Notably, such vanes do not need to be continuous but can be built into in sections so that the overall airflow is directed at an angle to the vertical along the perimeter of the shells.

Fig 24-03 - insert to construct vanes with pushout flanges. Flat strip is bent to a ring or cylinder to be inside either the top ring or the outer shell (different sizes for each of these embodiments). As noted above the veins do not need to be continuous from top to bottom. One possible construction method is to have a flat plate of length equal to the circumference of one or the other of the outer or the inner shell, and have cut out sections that allow bending or popping out of elements that can direct the airflow. After construction of the plate with the cutouts, which may be done with water jets or other cutting mechanisms, the popout sections are bent out (or bent in depending on whether the flat plate is positioned next to the inner or outer shell). Thereafter, the flat plate is bent to follow the circumference of the fire, along the inner or outer shells as chosen.

Masks for controlling viral inhalation such as SARS-COV-2

Conventional electrostatic masks such as the N95 masks using electrostatic principles are used for reducing the viral load passing through the mask, have two principal disadvantages.

1. The electrostatic fibers attract the droplets in the aerosols with a viral load, and therefore deposit the viral load on the fibers. The virus is not killed or deactivated and can mobilize again when the electrostatic field is diminished,

2. Moisture from exhalation on the mask will deteriorate the electrostatic properties of the fibers. Therefore, prolonged use of such mask will result in lower effectiveness and worse still a reduction of the electrostatic properties can re-launch the viral load into the inhaled air as there is limited electrostatic force to keep them bound and out of the airflow.

An important application is for the facemasks against viruses and in particular the SARS-COV-2. Conventional facemasks using electrostatic materials are able to precipitate particles and droplets down to approximately 300 nm. However, such droplets and dust particles still contain the “live” or active virus which may be released from the masks as electrostatic properties deteriorate. The proposed facemasks solution with non-polar material treatments, such as oil solves this problem by: 1. killing or deactivating the virus when it precipitates on the mask fibers with a layer of oil.

2. Maintains the electrostatic properties during protracted mask usage.

Destruction of the viral bi-laver membrane

The virus in its normal aqueous medium has a phospholipid bilayer with its hydrophilic ends of the outer layer of the bi-layer attracted by the water molecules and facing outwards, and the hydrophobic non-polar tail inward facing and next to the tail of the inner layer molecules, which in turn point their hydrophilic heads into the virus or the cell. The molecules are held together by Van der Waal forces that allow the molecules a lot of flexibility of movement and in fact the molecules actually migrate around and change neighbors - more so in the liquid state but also in the gel state. So the upshot is that they are not rigidly bound to have any particular orientation except what the environment dictates.

If virus is placed in a non-polar medium such as oil, the outer molecular layer of the phospholipid bi-layer of the virus skin will no longer present the hydrophilic polar ends on the outside as there are no water molecules to attract. The outer layer phospholipid molecules will therefore be disorganized. On the other hand the hydrophobic non-polar oil or triglyceride molecules will have similar structure to the non-polar tails of the phospholipids and will attract those non-polar hydrophobic tails of the outer layer in the bi-layer. So the top layer organization of molecules will be further disrupted. This in turn means that the inner layer hydrophobic non-polar tails will no longer have the exclusive access to the non-polar tails of the outer layer molecules. Therefore, they in turn will be disoriented and present some hydrophobic tails and some hydrophilic heads into the virus core. The mismatches between neighboring polar and nonpolar molecular segments will cause cleavages in the cell walls that could destroy its membrane properties. Different oils (and in fact other non-polar materials) will have different shaped and sized triglyceride molecules that will change the packing density of the molecules that may further disrupt the geometry of the molecules in the bilayer and exacerbate the cleavages and the destruction of the membrane properties of the virus cell wall.

As a secondary matter, as the oil will attract the hydrophobic tails of the bi-layer molecules, and considering that the glycoprotein spikes of the virus are hydrophilic and attached on the hydrophilic side of the phospholipid bilayer, the phospholipid bilayer molecules are likely to self assemble as micelles with the hydrophobic ends on the outside next to the oil and the hydrophilic ends along with the glycoprotein spikes on the inside thereby rendering them useless in addition to stripping the virus of its lipid membrane. It is also possible that the inner layer of the bilayer will remain intact but without the glycoprotein spikes which would be stripped away with the outer layer, therefore rendering the virus inactive.

Maintain electrostatic properties during protracted mask usage

A problem with the use of electrostatic fibers in a mask, is that electrostatic properties will be eroded with moisture. Exhalation in a mask produces moisture that will provide conducting paths between charged fibers and thereby discharge them. Therefore, the effectiveness of electrostatic masks will deteriorate as time progresses with continuous usage. The use of oil as a film or sheath around the electrostatic fibers offers a defense against moisture contacting the electrostatic fibers. As noted before oil is a nonconductor (of course this excludes oils with conductive additives), and therefore will protect the electrostatic charges on the fibers. Moreover, charges generated by friction between fibers will continue in the presence of oil. The high dielectric constant of oil will in addition increase the electrostatic field at the surface of the oil for attracting aerosol particles as compared to having simply air around the electrostatic fibers.

Evaporation and the increase in efficacy of the oil barrier

The aerosol droplets of water (containing the a viral load) that deposits on the oil layer will slowly evaporate , in the presence of air and particularly air with a velocity as in the air channels of the mask. This will result in the virus increasingly deprived of its water substrate - the virus if its integrity is to be maintained cannot evaporate - and be forced to contact the surface of the oil. The electrostatic attraction will augment the captive forces on the virus. This will result in the mechanism noted above that will destroy the viral phospholipid bilayer and destroy the virus.

The non-polar compounds such as the oils used can even be waxy solids at room temperature. Even if a solid or waxy oil/fat is used the virus will be forced to cling to the surface and be killed.

This invention is a treatment of electrostatic fibers used in masks to have a sheath or layer of oil. Some embodiments may use other non-polar liquids or gels.

For the new reasons noted above, coating the electrostatic fibers with oils and fats will improve the performance of vital masks such as use for SARS-COV-2. There are many ways in which the fibers may be coated with oils and fats or other nonpolar materials. First they may be deposited for higher boiling point substances by maintaining the electricity fibers at a lower temperature while infusing the region of their presence with vaporized oils. Second, they may be dipped in the oil or the more than wax if the material is solid at room temperature. Third, they may be sprayed with the oil. The benefits of a high viscosity oil or a solid oil/wax, is that it will remain in place as a sheath on the fibers for a longer period of time.

The fibers may be treated as noted with the oils either ahead of assembly into structures used in the masks or they may be treated after creating the appropriate inserts or shapes using the masks.

Mask architecture for better human communication

Masks for controlling the viral load inhaled have become pervasive for very good reasons. The difficulty with masks worn on the face is that human communications are impaired resulting from a lack of visibility of the face and facial expressions which are critical for effective communication. The present invention addresses this problem but at the same time addresses an important architectural feature of facemasks to ease breathing. Several well-known respirators are available in the market. They use valving mechanisms for incoming air and outgoing air. Incoming air is filtered through filter pads that is well disclosed in the background art and then go through a valve (the inhale valve) which opens to allow air to flow in but closes to prevent air from going out. Similarly, for air that is exhaled there is a valve (the exhale valve) that opens to allow air to flow out and closes when air is inhaled i.e. with the pressure drop when there is inhalation. An embodiment of this invention, also adds a filter to the exhaled air thereby protecting third parties from potential pathogens that are exhaled by the user. Such fitters will be mounted adjacent to the exhaled valve.

The difficulty with an arrangement that has a transparent mask body in the vicinity of the front of the face is that working mechanisms must be moved away from the front of the face. A major difficulty with such an arrangement when the filters are moved away from the nose and mouth, is that there is a large region of contaminated air or exhaled air that mixes with air that is inducted through the inhale valve resulting in poor quality air with high levels of carbon dioxide, available for inhalation. The present invention solves this problem by creating an “inhale duct” within the filter body, that at one end has the inhale valve which in turn is next to the inhale filters, and at the other end lies adjoining the nose and mouth. The remaining part of the filter body houses the air that has been exhaled and is conducted through the exhale valve to the outside (either directly or on some embodiments, an exhale filter). The functionality can of course be reversed in some embodiments where there is an exhale duct that conducts air out of the mask and the remaining parts of the volume of the mask are used for the inhaled air. Pressure build up caused by each of the two valves determine the flow of air.

When there’s exhalation and a pressure buildup within the mask, the inhale valve closes as sooner the pressure wave traverses the inhale duct (a few milliseconds) and reaches it, while on the other hand the exhale valve opens when the pressure wave reaches it after traversing the distance to the valve through the mask body ( a few milliseconds). There will always be a column of fresh air from the outside adjoining the inhale valve within the inhale duct in the embodiment that uses an inhale duct, as before used air exhaled can enter the inhale duct (within a few milliseconds) the pressure wave closes the inhale valve. Similarly for the embodiment using an exhale duct, the pressure wave closes off the inhale valve in the body of the mask. Both embodiments will therefore conduct fresh air to the nose and mouth of the user immediately upon inhalation, rather than after the inhalation of stale air until the fresh air reaches the nose and mouth in a mosque without the inhale or exhale duct inventions. There is no need of course for such inhale or exhale ducts in valved masks if the valves are near the nose and mouth.

Notably, it is not necessary to have both inhale and exhale valves to be displaced from their nose and mouth area. Some embodiments will simply have the inhale duct with the inhale valve placed away from the face and the exhale valve placed closer to the mouth but possibly below the mouth to avoid obstruction of vision of the face.

The masks of this invention are best fabricated with transparent materials to cover the face thereby providing full visibility of facial expressions for better communications. The drawings show half the mask on one side of the face, and in the interest of clarity do not show the sealant architectures around the age of the masks to seal airflow. The shapes of such masks in many embodiments could be different but still benefit from the invention.

An exhale filter in some embodiments will have the architecture of a fabric or other bag (filter bag) that inflates during exhalation and empties its contents though the filter material of the bag during the cycle of inhalation and exhalation thereby providing a higher pressure gradient across the exhale valve at all times, improving the time for opening the valve during exhalation, and avoiding a pressure build up outside the exhale valve if a filter with a high required pressure differential is used.

CONCLUSIONS, RAMIFICATIONS & SCOPE

It will become apparent that the present invention presented, provides a new paradigm for virtual navigation in real spaces, occupant supports and vortex fire.