SCARFO GUIDO (IT)
SCARFO PAOLO (IT)
SCARFO GUIDO
SCARFO PAOLO
| GB717343A | 1954-10-27 | |||
| US3771485A | 1973-11-13 | |||
| FR754164A | 1933-10-31 |
| 1. | ) Watercrafts with trim stabilizers in which the stabilizers are acting through are acting through a relatively long lever arm whereas are com¬ prising aerial wings (4,24,34,) equipped of controls and/or nozzles (6) ejecting fluids under pressure, also underwater means,but, preferably ..carried by the aforementioned wings, the said stabilizers,being or not, an automized . system, and being the width of the watercraft in the dipped part, or the one of the air cushion in the Hovercraft types,reduced. ) Watercrafts with trim stabilizers, in which the stabilizers are acting through a relatively long lever arm, according the Claim 1 , in which are foreseen hydrodynamics wings (223) preferably narrow, uninterrupted or splitted ones and also on different planes, designed for remaining dipped and carried on both the sides of a very sharped bottom that are not lifting the watercraft on the water, but that are reducing the depth of the dipping of the same to the purpose of increasing the speed and reduce the resistance. |
| 2. | Watercrafts withtrirα stabilizers, in which the stabilizers are acting through a relative ly long lever arm according the previous Claim, in which the hydrodynamic lifting is entrusted to one or more hydrodynamically narrow, uninterrupted or splitted wings (323) placed along the keel on spe¬ cial supports (27) also laminar ones. |
| 3. | Watercrafts with trim stabilizers acting through a relatively long lever arm according one or more of the previous claims, in which they are con¬ nected to a narrow air cushion, or similar means,placed along the keel . |
| 4. | Watercrafts with trim stabilizers accor¬ ding the previous claims in which in particular if of reduced size the two outer wings (4,24,34) that are composing an aerial in , are placed in eleva¬ tion as a V with an angle at the vertex inferior to 180 gradi and with the vertex towards the lower part• Watercrafts with trim stabilizers acting through a relatively long lever arm, according one or more of the previous claims in which the longi¬ tudinal stabilizing mean is made by the same wings (4, 24, 34) used for the transversal one, but equi ped furthermore of depth planes, the wings being placed at the maximum end of the ship. |
| 5. | Watercrafts with trim stabilizers acting through a relatively long lever arm, according one or more of the previous claims, in which the outlet nozzles (6) of fluids under pressure are placed in discrete points of the wings and preferably to their ends and/or a point placed at the maximum distance, as a mast on the ship for the longitudinal and transversal stability, all it in addition to the balancing flaps or in their replacement and/or depth planes. |
| 6. | Watercrafts with trim stabilizers acting through a relatively long lever arm, according one or more of the previous claims in which the nozzles (6) of outflow of fluids under pressure have variable opening, are subjected to an automatized system and are placed for the transversal and longitudinal stabilization on one or more masts of the water craft for increasing to the maximum the lever arm and 9 for the transversal and longitudi¬ nal stabilization also eventually on underwater supports presenting a reduced resistance of the movement. |
| 7. | Watercrafts with trim stabilizers acting through a relatively long lever arm, according one or more of the previous claims, in which the hull shows a biconvex asymmetrical profile, with the high SUBSTITUT SHE part having a greater sheer according the BernoulLi theorem. |
| 8. | Watercrafts of little and/or minimum size with trim stabilizers acting through a relati¬ vely long lever arm, according one or more of the previous claims, in which the wings allow to the watercraft also go out gliding for short aerial excursions. |
| 9. | 11 ) Watercrafts of little and/or minimum sizes with trim stabilizers are acting through a relatively long lever arm according one or more of the previous claims in which half stabilizing wings are preferibly placed in tandem i.e. towards prow and towards the stern, in one or more Surf tables, connected one to the other, any of them with a bi¬ convex asimmetriσal profile with the high part of greater sheer. SUBSTITUTESHEET. |
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
It is well-known that all tha crafts must be aimed to the reduction of the rolling and of the pitching in the case of rough sea and. 'at the • same time to the keeping (of) a great speed also in adverse meteomarine circumstances *
Are now an object of this invention stabili¬ zers of the transversal and longitudinal trim. As the longitudinal trim is concerned,if the ship allows it from a constructive point of view,sta¬ bilizers acting preferably through a sufficiently long lever-arm, in such a way to can reduce drasti¬ cally the needed and assorbed power.
According the present invention the stabilizing means, both for the transversal and longitudinal stabilization, are realized by aerial wings (4) equipped with controls and/or ejectors (6), no matter how placed,acting through a relatively long lever-arm, eventually interlocked ones to an automa¬ tized system, preferably of gyroscopic kind. evidently, the stabilization idea -when
connected to the use of wing areas - don't leave out, and of course could not leave out, in particu¬ lar, in the case of little crafts, the one of lift, viceversa postulating the same with all its conse¬ quent consequences.
The trim stabilizers, according the present in¬ vention, are grounded on the idea of using, or of applying, the stabilizing means to aerial, wings .(4) and/or to means - also under-water ones - that are in position -of working at distance from the bary-ceπ- tre of the ship.
In this case it is taken advantage, more in particular of the greater fluidity of the air with the consequent reduction of the frictional resistan¬ ces and also of the damages, that are going taken place, especially at high speed, when the water is growing "hard" against the well-known underwater systems of stabilizing.
The present invention will now be better described in the following speci ication with refe¬ rence to the schematic and exemplifying attached drawing in which :
The Figure 1 shows a water-craft equipped with aerial stabilizers according the present invention, integrated with an under-water stabilizing mean;
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The Figure 2 shows, simplifying, a water-craft equipped with aerial transversal stabilizers and hydrodynamic surfaces arranged on the keel;
The Figure 3 shows schematically a water-craft equipped with aerial stabilizers and of an air- cushion arranged on the keel and a particular narrow one.
With reference to the aforementioned drawing and more in particular to the Figure 1 ,the hull 1 with its ste-p keel (2) shows hydrodynamic little wings (3) placed on the both side of the bottom,a very sharpened one, little wings partecipating only partly to the lifting of the hull. The transversal trim issue to the aerial wings (4) equipped with balancing flaps (5) and preferably equipped with nozzles (6) for thw outflow of a fluid under pres¬ sure,placed also on the mast, whereas the longitu¬ dinal trim is granted by depth planes (7) placed on the wings and/or a nozzle (8) placed at the end ship, and/or by the nozzle (9) placed on the dipped part and four-way shaped one, i.e. with two-way for the transversal stabilization and two-way for the longitudinal one .
Similarly to what is shown in the Figure 1 , the water-craft 21 shown in teh Figure 2 is equipped
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with aerial wings 24 with their balancing flaps 25 and with little hydrodynamic wings 23 placed along the keel, preferably keyed to a support beam 27 * It is foreasable also a different shape of the hydrodynamic wings (23) » or example, one or more long and narrow wings, on condition that would be safe their arrangement in connection with the keel. In the aerial wings 24, for semplicity,are not shown ejector nozzles (6) and depth planes (7).
The inventive idea of the transversal and longitudinal trim through aerial wings and/or nozzles for the outflow of fluids,nozzles carried by a long lever arm, finds a special employement in the water-craft lifted by an air-cushion and world¬ wide known as the "Hovercrafts" .
Indeed (Figure 3), the existence of aerial sta¬ bilizing means 34 allows maintain the air-cushion 38 as a very narrow cushion and as a cushion placed along the keel, being its ,main working purpose only the one of maintaining he water-craft lifted on the surface of the water, being the transversal stabili¬ zation relayed ,to the wings 24, integrated, or not, by outflow nozzles of a fluid under pressure (nozzles that are not shown in the figure) in any case arranged along a lever arm and being the Ion-
gitudinal stabilization to depth planes (7) placed on the same wings and/or to nozzle placed at the extreme and of the ship.
As it is possible notice from what was previously stated, the basic inventive idea is the one of obtaining an aerial transversal and longitu¬ dinal stabilization using a great lever arm, increa¬ sing this stabilization by nozzles or ejec.t-ors (6)- that can also be placed on a mast of the water-craft
The idea- of the stabilization through a great lever arm can be, of course, also utilized in the water installing nozzles on supports having a redu¬ ced resistance to the movement, eventually, in union with the aerial stabilization, also to special purpo¬ ses as the ones of a better distribution of antitor- sion movements is the hull.
The aerial stabilization allows in particular obtain many advantages : among them, the reduction of the problems connected to the maintenance of the shape in the customary naval means, as allowing the use of a greater coefficient of fineness or obtai¬ ning a greater speed as consequence of the tendency to reduce the dipped part of the hull i.e. a kind of blade cutting the waters whatever will be the profile of the wave (also if this last one is on
the beam) without support the stresses, to which can not be preserved an hull, which can rely only on the stability of its shape. Also in the water- crafts of the Hovercraft type, as afore-mentioned, the reduction of the width of the air-cushion allows that the waves are skimmed cutting the same and, of course, it is reduced also the outlet of the air from the skirt or tunic.
As mentioned, the aerial stabilization means alllow assign to the water-craft -comprising, the "Surf" - an aerial lift utilizable for diversified purposes according the size of the mean, having in mind that the weight of a water-craft is increasing with the cube of its length. Conceding now that the wings 4 can exceed already settled sizes, indeed re¬ latively limited ones, dictated by dimensions factors, etc., the consequence is that, for relati¬ vely little water-crafts and until the "Surfs", it is possible emphasize the excursions and the jumps out the water, the typical ones of the offshores, and imitate the well-known "Esoceto flying " for short glides. In ships of great size, the wings (4) have substantially only stabilizing functions and represent a well outlined narrow support for balan¬ cing flaps 5 and depth planes 7 and/or nozzles for
15.ST . TUTS S UH5s j PsTϊ
delivery of fluid (air and/or water). It must fur¬ thermore to be pointed out that the aforementioned stabilizing wings 4, in any case, if applied towards the prow, lighten the said prow with waving sea, in the same way in which were acting, at its time, the sails of jib, flying jib and fore topmast staysail.
Of course, extending the idea of aerial lifting and stabilization, granting to little - and very little hulls an asymmetrical profile with the high portion having a greater sheer, according the prin¬ ciple of Bernouilli, also the hull can contribute to the lift.
The water-crafts of the present invention were described and shown, only by way for example and not to limitative purposes. They will be subjected to all the modi ications, that can be suggested by the technics and practical realization. without departing from the spirit of the invention, as it is appearing from the following claims.
SUBSTITUTE SHE-ET