WATER HEATING SYSTEM FOR A SWIMMING POOL Technical field

The present invention refers to the technical field relative to the production of heat for heating a liquid.

In particular, the invention refers to an innovative system that allows the heating of a liquid contained in a containment device, particularly water contained in a swimming pool, preferably using a re-circulation system of the liquid itself.

Background art

A recent cosmological-physics theory is well-known that includes among its own direct consequences the possibility of using a new source of energy, i.e. the so- called "Byuon" theory. This theory is substantially based on the observation o f a marginal anisotropy of the physical space, to which a cosmological vector potential Ag is associated having the dimensions of the vector potential of a magnetic field.

Such a theory is, for example, explained in the publication "La Traraa Svelata", Ed. Pollstampa, Firenze, 2009, for example in chapter 1 in "Postulate fondamentali della Teoria Byuon" and in many other publications indicated below. Among these publications we .can cite the following :

1. WccjiejiOBaHne pa eTHbix flBn aT ejrew Ha JKMB O ΤΟΠΟΙΜΒΘ / / n ep . c aHTJi., nofl pe¾. B.A. Mji MHC oro M. , Mnp,

1964) .

2. AcTpOH BTM a H a eTOflMHa M a, S cn cc-i iHtiio Mam-iH / / BWHMTW, M. , 1981, ft 39, c. 22-24).

3. BaypoB ).A, Orap OB B.M. CnocoO ne eMe¾eHK« o6¾e ma B tipocTpaHCTBe // naaeHT Ri2082900 οτ 27.06.97r. BaypoB 10. A. «CTpyKTypa <£>H3M¾ec oro npocTpaHCTea n HOBKrf¾ cnocoo nojiyyeHMH 3Heprnn (Teo wn, s cnepMMeH , npw jiaflHbie Bonpocw) » M., ^Ν Κρβ¾θτ", 1998, 240c.

Baurov Yu.A. «On the structure of physical vacuum and a new interaction in Nature (Theory, Experiment and Applications) » Nova Science, NY, 2000, 217p.

Baurov Yu.A. Global Anisotropy of Physical Space. Experimental and Theoretical Basis. Nova Science, NY, 2004.

Baurov Yu.A. «Structure of physical space and nature of electromagnetic field» in coll. Work. PHOTON: Old problems in light of new ideas, Nova Science, NY, 2000, p. 259-269

Baurov Yu.A. «Structure of physical space and new interaction in nature (theory and experiment) » in Proceedings of conf. Lorentz group, CPT and Neutrinos, World Scientific, 2000, p. 342-352.

Baurov Yu.A. «Structure of Physical Space and Nature of de Broglie Waves (Theory and Experiment) » Journal "Annales de Fondation de Broglie" "Contemporary Electrodynamics", 2002, p. 443.

BaypoB 10. A. "HO BHM BaHTOBbiSi νΐΗ ορ 3υ,ΜθΗΗΜί¾ aHajT ¾ npM o^a rpaBHTauMH", Κ00 Ο0*ΒΡΕΜ^*3ΗΕΡΓΜΗ . C6. ciaie¾ noCBameHH ix 100-JieTH!o fl.fl. Ite HeH O. J43ji. "BejiKa", 2004r.

BaypoB 10. A. , OrapKOB B.M. «CnocoS nepeM6¾eHWH o6¾ a B n ocTpaHCTBe M ycrpo¾cTBo nsix ero ocymecTBJieHMn», naseHT ΡΦ 2 023 203 oar 15.11.94r.

BaypoB K).A. w s , «Cnoco6 no iynenvifi TertJioBoii sHe rMH n ycTaHOBKa AJIH ero ocy¾ecTBJieHn.», naieHi ΡΦ N« 2251629 on I0.05.2005r.

BaypoB 10.A. , Befla Γ.Α., flaH½JieHKO Μ.Π., OrapKOB B.M. «Cnocoe5 noJTy¾eHn« SHeprnn M ycr otfcTBO RJIH ero ocymecTBjreHHH», πβτβΗΤ ΡΦ N ⁽ 2 147 696 οτ 20,04.00 BaypoB HD. A. , BaypoB A.K). «CnocoS ne eMemeHUH o6¾e Ta B KOCMwyec OM npocTpancTBe» , na-reHT Ρ N* 2338669 c npnopwreioM OT 25.01.2007,

BaypoB 3.A. , KJTHMOH O E.K>., HOBKC OB CM, «3Kcne MMeHTajibHoe ΜΘΓΗΜΤΗΟΜ aHK30T onnn npocTpaHCTBa» flAH CCCP, 1990, τ.315, N»5, c.1116.

Yu.A.Baurov, E . Yu . Klimenko, S.I.Novikov «Experimental observation of Space magnetic anisotropy" Phys . Lett. A V.162, 1992, p.32.

Yu.A.Baurov "Space magnetic anisotropy and a new interaction in nature" Phys. Lett. A v.181, (1993) p,283.

lO.A.BaypoB, B . Jl .IUyTOB «0 BJIMHHMM ΒΘ ΤΟΡΗΟΓΟ MarHMTHoro noTeHUMajr 3eMjro ¾ Cojmua Ha cKopocTfa β-pacnafla», FlpMKJiaflHaH Μ3ΜΚδ, 1995, PI, p.40.

Baurov Yu.A., Konradov A. A. , uznetsov E.A., Kushniruk V.F., Ryabov Y.B., Senkevich A. P., Sobolev Yu.G., Zadorozsny S. "Experimental Investigations of Changes in β-Decay rate of ⁶⁰ Co and ¹³⁷ Cs" Mod. Phys . Lett A. v.16, N 32 (2001) , p.2089

10. A BaypoB, KD. Γ, CoSojreB, 10. B. ΡΗ6ΟΒ, Β. . yniHMp K,

«3 CnepM eHTajIbHbie MCCJiejJOBaHMJ? H3 eHeHM½ CKOPOCTM β- pacnajja paflnoaKTHBHbi ©ΛΘΜΘΗΤΟΒ . », HaepHax <£n3H , 70, 1875, (2007) .

BaypoB fO.A. «ΑΗΜ3θτροπΗοβ HBJieHne B Se-ra-pacnafle p ^woaKTMBHbi sjieMeHTOB M B n yrw npoueccax πρκρο#&[», MsB CTMH PAH, CepnH Μ3Μ¾βο 8Λ, 2012, ΦΟΜ 76, N»4, cr . 549-553.

Yu.A.Baurov, I . B . Timofeev, V. A. Chernikov, S.F.Chalkin, A. A. onradov. , Experimental Investigation of the Distribution of Pulsed-plasma-generator at its Various Spatial Orientation and Global Anisotropy of Space. Phys. Lett. A, V.311, (2003), p.512.

Yu. A. Baurov, A.G. Znak, and V.G. Farafonov, "Experimental Investigation of Heat Content in the Jet of agnetoplasmadynamic Accelerator in accordance with its Spatial Orientation" , Advances in Plasma Physics Research, 5, 179, N.Y, Nova Science, (2007) .

24. Baurov Yu.A., Shpitalnaya A. A. and Malov I.F. Global Anisotropy of Physical Space and Velocities of Pulsars. International Journal of Pure & Applied

Physics, V.l, Wl, (2005), pp. 71-82.

25. Μ. . MajioB, 3.A. BaypoB, cT oHOMm^ec wii: «ypHaji, «0 pacnpejaejiemiw n ocTpaHciBeHHbix C opoCTe¾ pa,rii4onyjTfe capoB» , 84, 920, (2007) .

26. Baurov Yu.A., Malov I.F. "On the Nature of Dark Matter and Dark Energy" Journal of Modern Physics, 2010, vol .1, No l _r pp (17-30) .

27. JI.B. OtcyHfe. ΙΙΘΠΤΟΗΜ VL KBapKM. M. "HayKa", 1990.

As for example described in chapter 3 in the same publication, "La Trama Svelata", it is possible to obtain the generation of energy, in particular heat, under certain conditions precisely by taking advantage of the principles of such a theory.

The basis of Byuon theory is constituted by the assumption, confirmed by experimental observations, of a global marginal anisotropy of the physical space, in turn connected to a new fundamental vectorial constant, the cosmological vector potential ¾ _j . Said cosmological vector A _j has the dimensions of the vector potential of a magnetic field and the following coordinates in the second equatorial system: right ascension * 293* ± 10°, declination w 36° ± 10°, which in turn leads to the prediction of a new anisotropic interaction of nature, also called "the new force",

The new force acts when the two conditions described below are verified.

First condition: the module of the vector potential summation ∑, resulting from the vector sum of and of the vector potentials associated with all the force fields known - electromagnetic, gravitational, strong nuclear and weak nuclear - becomes reduced because a pre-determined vector potential among those indicated above ^' assumes, in a pre-determined instant, a sufficiently high value, a collinear direction and a direction naturally opposed with respect to the cosmological vector Ag., In this way, an algebraic reduction of the vector summation As takes place that leads to a significant variation value ΔΑ _∑ , i.e. to a sensitive variation of the vector summation A∑. As better clarified below, what is intended by "sufficiently high value" is that the intensity of said variation has to be of the same order of magnitude of the intensity of the cosmological vector A^ itself and that obviously depends on the conditions that are created so that it can occur, in a natural or artificial way.

Second condition: there has to exist a non null spatial gradient of the same quantity ΔΑ^, i.e. 3ΔΑ _∑ /3χ, with x that indicates the generic coordinate in the space

R ³ , and this has to be sufficiently high.

If the two conditions exposed above are satisfied, the new force F, expressed (in terms of the single first term of its expansion in series) such as F AA ^**, acts with the maximum intensity along the generators of a cone whose axis corresponds with the vector Ag and whose angular opening is of 90 ^c -100°. Evidently, being the variation factor of the potential summation quantity AA _∑ the same, the intensity of the force F will be proportional to the spatial gradient 5ΔΑ _∑ /<3χ of said variation. As said new force acts on each elementary particle near which said two conditions are verified, its overall intensity will be proportional to the number of particles involved in the process that brings to the emersion of the new force.

It is to be noted that the force fields at the root of the two factors constituting the new force can be totally different between them: usually, the variation in time of the potential summation, ΔΑ _∑ , is generated by fields on a large scale having very high values, as for example the Earth's gravitational field, whose intensity varies, for example, along a vertical path, or the geomagnetic field, variable in the south-north direction. The spatial gradient dAA/dx can however emerge from force fields at local scale, such as magnetic fields originated from variable local electric currents and having absolute intensities much inferior with respect to the first ones but subject to very intense spatial variations and, as such, capable of acting as "amplifiers" of the effects of the fields on a large scale with respect to the local intensity of the new force.

This means that, by finding the way, simultaneously, to diminish the module of A _∑ . and to render said diminution rapidly variable in space, therefore giving place at the same time to relevant values both of ΔΑχ and of the relative gradient 9ΔΑ _∑ /5 , any body situated in the region in which the module of A _E is diminished will suffer the action of the new force, capable of expelling matter, and therefore mass, from the region with said weakened module of A _s .

Therefore, the following will occur:

The matter placed in the region where the variation indicated as ΔΑχ takes place and the gradient indicated as θΔΑ _∑ /5χ will be expelled from said region as a consequence of the action of the force in the case of liquids or gas, a fraction of the elementary particles will lose a part of their own rest mass (~33 eV) and, in accordance with the known correspondence between mass and energy ΔΕ = Δΐΐΐ-c ² , the decrement of the mass in said region of the physical space will be transformed in heat.

Therefore, in accordance with the known correspondence between mass and energy ΔΕ = Am-c ² , the expulsion of the matter and the consequent decrement of the mass in said region of the physical space will be transformed in heat.

Different experimentation for the verification of the new force has been carried out with reference to the publications indicated above. For example, in the experiments [15-17], carried out at the Institute of Atomic Energy (IAE) I.V. Kurchatov, a superconducting solenoid with induction of 15 T was used, and at 10FRAN Institute a Bitter resistive magnet provided with the same field was used. For the measures a special vacuum torsion spring was used. The set of experiments at IAE and 10FRAN showed that the value of the new force in the solenoid with magnetic field ~ (10-15) T is ~ 0.01-0.07 g, with body mass of test ~ 30 g,

A wide series of studies has been carried out on the effect of the new force on the decay speed β of radioactive elements [6, 18-21], which confirmed the existence of the new force of nature.

In the works [6, 21-23] experimental studies of the new force with the help of plasma apparatus are illustrated, carried out by different research teams in different institutes. These studies have proved that the matter is "pushed" outside the region with weakened potential summation (diminished) by means of the vector potential of the magnetic field associated with the jet of plasma, along a cone with an opening of around 90°- 110°. At the same time, it has also been shown that in the second equatorial coordinate system, the vector A^, directed along the axis of said cone, assumes the following coordinates: right ascension a = 293 ^e ±10°, declination δ = 36°±10°.

In [6] the results of the experimental researches of the characteristics of the new force with the help of two different systems are illustrated - the first system making use of one and two high-precision quartz gravimeters Sodin" (at Institute SSAI MSU, Russia) and the second system including two quartz resonators (Institute FSUE TsNllMASH, Russia) . The anisotropic effects resulting from these experiments are also consistent with the action of the new force of nature and cannot be explained in the context of traditional physical representations.

Still in [6], on the basis of the new force of physics, the nature of the seismic activity of the Earth is illustrated, and the results of the statistical analysis made on the geo-referenced database of ~ 15Q0 earthquakes having a over 6-7 degrees in the Richter scale (i.e. generally catastrophic) . It emerges that in the north hemisphere such earthquakes form a direction markedly anisotropic perpendicularly to the vector Aq, which is consistent with the prediction of the dependence of the mass of the particles from the module of the potential summation % .

Thus, by appropriately taking advantage of the magnetic fields together with the gravitational field of the Earth, it is possible to produce the new force, and therefore energy and heat.

To that aim, international patent application WO2006/009484 has been filed and is already well known, which takes advantage of this theory for the production of heat through magnetic fields and the gravitational field, In fact, a closed circuit is used wherein the change of the module of A _a is due to the gravitational field, and the gradient in space of such a diminution <5ΔΑ∑/ι9χ i§ due to intense magnetic fields at a microscopic scale, and this generates a new force F that determines the production of heat.

The circuit, as shown in figure 1 of the present international patent application, is therefore formed by one or more centrifugal pumps (element indicated with number 2 always in figure 1 of said publication) . The pumps are connected to a closed circuit 5 that develops in height starting from the pumps, to re-close itself on the pumps themselves. The pumps are necessary for pushing the fluid along the circulation path, and therefore they cause the potential variation. The rapid variation of the potential of the gravitational field, due to the closed circuit that develops in height, causes a sudden change of the gravitational potential, producing the variation of the module of the vector potential summation, i.e. the first factor constituting the new force (ΔΑ ₂ ) on all the particles of the fluid in movement along the vertical circuit. As described in the international application in question, the ascent height, in this particular case study, in order to cause a significant variation of ΔΑ∑ has to be of about 2.6 metres.

The same international patent application WO2006/009484 presents also two particularly limitative realization constraints: the first one, according to which, as admitted, although there exists the possibility of generating cavitation in the circulating fluid in the region around the rotor of a centrifugal pump, this has to be increased through the use of a complex ultrasound system so that the local variation of dAA _∑ /dx, obtained through the magnetic fields present in the plasma of the cavitation bubbles, is significant; the pumps are therefore not dimensioned for the generation of a sufficient cavitation, the whole with an increase in the realization complexity. The second one, on the basis of which, in order that the new force can act, the vertical section of the hydraulic circuit has to rest on the level of the meridian of the Earth's magnetic field. Obviously, said both realization constraints limit in a particularly pressing way the cheapness, the energy balance and the practical productibiiity of the systems itself.

The phenomenon of cavitation, as it is known, consists in the formation of microscopic vapour bubbles in a fluid that rapidly implode, developing very high pressures and a significant thermal power capable of creating a plasma zone, i.e. a zone of free loads.

The development of a significant cavitation is therefore necessary for the production of microscopic but intense electric currents due to the rapid movement of the plasma, and therefore of very intense local magnetic fields. At each of such magnetic fields is associated a vector potential whose direction coincides with that of the electric current at the origin of the magnetic field; it has been discovered -which constitutes an original inventive contribution- that . the directions of said magnetic potentials cover the whole spectrum of the possible directions in the physical space since each cavitation bubble assumes spontaneously a geometric form of the toroidal type in relation to the fact that in correspondence of its collapse the lines of magnetic field of the geomagnetic field B ₀ have to be closed. This situation is shown in figure 1A of the Prior Art, in which a cavitation toroidal bubble is shown in section. The shaded area corresponds to the portion of the bubble in which the vector potential A is directed in the opposite direction to the cosmological vector Ag (area of action of the new force) .

As illustrated in [28], for example, the speed of collapse of the cavitation bubbles and, consequently, the relative ionization degree (formation of the plasma) are strongly dependent on the external pressure P.

28. Knapp, R . Daily, W. ; Haramitt, F. , 1970. Cavitation.

McGraw - Hill. 578 p.

In the case of said international patent application

WO2006/009484, due to the inefficiency of the cavitation process produced via ultrasound, the quantities of heat at stake are however not significant. This system, at present, therefore results hardly applicable to specific technical fields for the production of heat.

One of these fields, for example, foresees the heating of a liquid contained in a containment device (for example a hot water accumulator, a bath or preferably a swimming pool) . Particularly in the case of swimming pools, or of large hot water accumulators, in which hundreds or thousands of litres of water are at stake, the current heating systems ar the cause of high consumption in comparison with the quantity of heat and efficiency developed .

For example, in certain cases electrical resistances can be used, which, however, as they present a limit superior and anyway that does not reach the 100% for the efficiency of thermal conversion of the energy furnished to the system, they demand very high consumption of electricity and therefore of primary energy in order to produce the quantity of necessary heat.

The traditional gas or diesel heating systems themselves offer, in particular in the presence of large accumulations, energetic efficiencies often inferior to the 80%.

Disclosure of invention

It is therefore the aim of the present invention to provide a containment system for a liquid, preferably a swimming pool, which is provided with a heating system of the liquid that is energetically efficient.

In particular, it is the aim of the present invention to provide a containment system for a liquid, preferably water in a swimming pool, which is based on the functioning principle of the mentioned Byuon theory but optimizing the production of heat, therefore allowing to optimize the quantity of heat produced and reducing costs.

These and other aims are reached with the present containment system for a liquid, preferably a swimming pool, according to claim 1.

In accordance with the invention, the containment system for a liquid comprising:

- A containment device (1) for the liquid and;

- Heating means for the liquid (2), said heating means comprising at least one circulation path (2) having one pump (4) interposed between a feed pipe (3'), which from the pump (4) is connected to the containment device (1) to push the liquid into the containment device, and a return pipe (3''), which from the containment device (1) is connected to the pump (4), and wherein the pump is a centrifugal pump (4) and the circulation path is arranged in such a way as to realize a height difference for the circulating liquid not inferior to 2,4 m so that the combination of the difference in the gravitational potential for the circulating liquid with the generation of microscopic and intense magnetic fields, and relative vector potentials, due to the cavitation generated in the centrifugal pump (4) cause, in each elementary particle, a variation in the time of the module of the vector An, therefore ΔΑ _∑ , and a variation in the space of ΔΑ _∑ itself, therefore d0JK∑/dx, such as to produce heat in accordance with Byuon theory.

In fact, in accordance with Byuon theory, as already said, during the circulation path there is a reduction of the module of the vector potential summation Α^ΔΑ _Β ) together with a gradient in the space of the mentioned variation, i.e. , and obtained with the cavitation of the fluid through the centrifugal pump, capable of generating the new force and therefore the production of heat .

In order to optimize the performance, in terms of ratio between thermal energy (heat) yielded to the circulating liquid and electrical energy furnished to the centrifugal pumps, the feed pipe (3' ) in exit from the centrifugal pump (4) presents a throttling (5) whose diameter (d) is in relation to the diameter (D) of the remaining part of the feed pipe (3' ) that is connected to the containment device (1) according to a ratio l<(D /d ² } ≤100 _f preferably between 10≤ ( D ² /d ² )≤100, and wherein, further, said diameter (D) is at the same time comprised within a range of values from 7,9 cm to 11 cm.

According to the invention, the substitution of complex ultrasound systems with an appropriately ^■ dimensioned simple centrifugal pump allows, in an economical and simple way, to obtain an efficient cavitation, which is absolutely necessary to obtain a sufficient value for the quantity (dAAc/dx.) . Moreover, it has been surprisingly discovered that, with said ratio between the diameters of the feed pipe (3' ) and of the throttling (5), the electric power absorbed by the centrifugal pump diminishes significantly with respect to the situation of absence of the throttling, though obtaining an optimal cavitation around the blades of its rotor. The additional loss of load introduced in the hydraulic circuit, due to said throttling, does not prejudice the circulation path of the liquid for any usable centrifugal pump that allows the activation of the cavitation process. As a result, being the additional thermal power developed the same, the electric power absorbed will be definitely inferior, leading to a substantial increase in the energy balance of the system.

Last, as regards the diameter (D) of the feed pipe (3'), it has been surprisingly discovered that the range of admissible values further optimizes the performance and the production of heat. This is due to an observation of the "quantum information channel". The elementary particles (electrons, in this case) "remember" the preceding physical state of plasma and allow the action of the new force in the vertical section of the feed circuit, downstream of the active cavitation zone (which, it is here remembered, is limited to the external peripheral area of the rotor of the centrifugal pump) , precisely in case the transversal linear dimension of the circuit is comprised within a range of values indicated with "D" .

In this way, the production of usable heat is significantly increased in various technical fields.

Further advantages can be deduced from the dependent claims.

Brief description of drawings

Further characteristics and advantages of the present bath, according to the invention, will result clearer with the description that follows of some embodiments, made to illustrate but not to limit, with reference to the annexed drawings, wherein:

- figure 1A describes a cavitation bubble cut in section, in which indicates the cosmological vector potential; B ₀ the geomagnetic field; Bj, the magnetic field in the bubble; P the pressure; A the vector potential of the magnetic field and the dotted area highlights the action of the new force ;

- figure 1 describes a top plan view of the swimming pool according to the present invention; - figure 2 shows a. lateral view of the swimming pool;

- figures 3 and 4 describe a preferred embodiment of the circulation path of the fluid;

- figure 5 shows the constructive details of the pump and of the pipe of exit from the pump, essential for the optimization of the heat produced;

- figure 6 shows a constructive variant of the invention;

- figures from 7 to 10 show some constructive examples of the invention;

- figure 11 summarizes the physical principles described and applied to the present invention.

Description of some preferred embodiments

The figures attached refer specifically to an application for heating a swimming pool.

The swimming pool foresees a containment bath 1 for a liquid, generally water. In a non limiting manner, the bath has been designed with a quadrangular shape but, obviously, it can have any shape, size and depth.

The bath 1 is then provided with a heating system 2 of the liquid (in this case water) through which it is possible to raise the temperature thereof.

According to the invention, the heating system 2 foresees a circulation path 3 comprising a centrifugal pump 4 interposed between a feed pipe 3' and a return pipe 3' ' . The fluid is pushed in the bath through the feed pipe 3 ^r (see direction of the arrow in figure 1) and is again sucked by the bath, into the circulation path 3, through the return pipe 3'' (see return arrow in figure 1 as well) . Said circulation path of the fluid is therefore obtained thanks to the use of said centrifugal pump 4, which connects the feed pipe 3' to the return pipe 3'' .

The use and the selection of the centrifugal pump is essential for the present invention, according to Byuon theory, in such a way that the cavitation process of the circulating liquid is verified and concerns simultaneously the maximum volume of the liquid itself, thus giving place to the maximum number of magnetic fields and relative vector potentials. Figure 1 in fact shows with number 7 a section of pipe, in particular the vertical section, inside which the cavitation bubbles of the liquid generated thanks to the centrifugal action of the pump propagate, or at least the elementary particles that bring perturbation to the potential summation A _∑ propagat .

As already said, thanks to the cavitation a local intense gradient of the variation of the potential summation is generated, this last variation in turn generated by means of the difference in potential of the Earth' s gravitational field and therefore the action of the new force F emerges. The whole is therefore at the root of a production of heat. To that aim, it is therefore necessary that, as better described in detail below, the pipe causes a difference in potential, i.e. it includes a section that develops vertically.

Always as shown in figure 1, the feed pipe 3' foresees, downstream of the pump, a section 5 which presents a diameter d of passage of the fluid that is restricted with respect to the diameter D of the rest of the pipe, It is essential that, for the optimization both of the production of heat and of the overall energy balance, both D and d have such values that their ratio is comprised within a pre-determined range. Such a reduced section, in the correct ratio with respect to the section D, in particular, has the function of reducing the capacity of the circulating liquid and therefore the electrical absorption of the centrifugal pump, while the dimension itself of D has the function of allowing, thanks to the quantum information channel, the action of the new force along the vertical section 7 of the circuit that is placed downstream of the active area for the cavitation process, allowing, therefore, at the same time, the maximum possible production of heat and the minimum energy consumption of the system.

In particular, indicating the diameter of the restricted portion 5 with d and the diameter of the pipe with D (in any case the feed pipe and preferably also the return pipe) , the ratio between the square of D and the square d has to be comprised between 1 and 100, eventually comprising also the end 100 but excluding the value 1. A further optimization for values comprised between 10 and 100, extremes included, has been surprisingly discovered.

At the same time, it is essential that D results comprised between 7,9 cm and 11 cm, as it will be better specified below.

It has in fact been surprisingly discovered that the combination of these two structural factors, other conditions being equal, is able to amplify the effects of the cavitation process, which optimizes the production of heat and the overall energy balance.

This is not obvious in the light of the Prior art international filing, which does not individuate in the centrifugal pump the structural element dedicated to the generation of the cavitation process, but resorts instead to a complex ultrasound system. Moreover, said geometric parameters are correlated both to the electrical absorption of the pumps and to the effects of the cavitation, and are therefore not obvious from the Prior art which, as already said, does not use centrifugal pumps for cavitation purposes. Moreover, the same increase in cavitation is not indeed ordinarily obtainable by selecting a centrifugal pump of larger dimensions since, as it will be better illustrated below, there subsists a limit superior to the capacity of the pump in relation to the volume of circulating liquid, and the choice of greater power and eventually dimension of the pump is linked only to the need of circulating a larger quantity of liquid.

Figure 5 shows, as a way of example, a relation of dimensions that falls into the optimal values indicated abov .

In particular, the figure in question shows the liquid fluid that passes in the rotor of the pump 50 (diameter ≤ 130 mm) and runs through the "flange of exit" 51 of the pump itself (diameter 25 mm) . The fluid then proceeds along the first restricted section 5 (d) , of a length of ~ 150-200 mm, of a diameter "d" « 15 mm and is then introduced in the "final" section S2 of diameter "D" « 10 cm (100 mm) .

The final section S2 (i.e. D) is therefore at the same time comprised between 7,9 cm and 11 cm, while the ratio between the diameters of the last two pipes is therefore, as already said, such that: 1 < (D ² /d ² ) ≤ 100, and in fact: ( 100 ^Λ 2) / ( 15 ^Λ 2 ) «44.

Said ratio (D ² /d ² ) and, above all, the dimension of the diameter "D" of the "final" ¹ pipe, are. such as to maximize the perturbative effects on the potential summation A _∑ originally due to the cavitation, thanks to the "quantum information channel", a direct consequence of Byuon theory, as can be understood, for example, from "La Trama Svelata", Ed. Polistampa, Firenze, 2009, for example in chapter 2 of "Nuovo canale quantistico di informazione (QIC) . La comunicazione nel XXI secolo", which allows the elementary particles (electrons, in this case) to "remember" the own state acquired in the bubbles of plasma originated from the cavitation in the specific dimension indicated with "D" .

A further variant that optimizes the performance is the length of the restricted section 5, which is preferably comprised between 15 cm and 30 cm. This length in said range allows to minimize the electric power absorbed by the _. centrifugal pump in view of the introduction of a further loss of load that, however, does not prejudice the circulation of the liquid, always the additional thermal power developed being the same, thus allowing to improve the overall energy balance of the system.

Going on with the structural description of the invention, figure 2 represents a lateral view of figure 1 to highlight the circulation path 3 that develops vertically; also in this case, anyway, for the purposes of the correct difference in gravitational potential energy, necessary to optimize the heat production process, the vertical section of a height in the order of at least 2,4 m, preferably superior to 2,5 m, is inserted in the feed section immediately downstream of the um and is highlighted in figure 2 by the full-colour section. Figure 3 describes a preferred arrangement of the pipe. Ά part of the pipe runs below the bottom of the swimming pool along the level of the swimming pool itself (section in dotted line in figure 3) . In the top plan view the ascent and descent sections are placed, as in the other cases, along the feed section immediately downstream of the throttling placed at the exit of each centrifugal pump and the relative height develops for at least 2,4 m. As shown in figure 4, the pipe goes up again to the level of the bath through the feed pipe 3' . In this phase the water that enters into the bath is in heated condition. The same water of the bath is sucked by the centrifugal pump 4 on the opposite part 3' ' , falling again of an equivalent height to then take back the same circulation path.

Some experimental technical data are provided below.

In a swimming pool 10 m long, 4 m wide and 1,5 m deep, a thermal gradient from 10°C to 40 ^Q C has been detected in about 10 hours of circulation path.

In this particular case, five pumps have been used, and therefore five independent circuits. The power of each pump has been selected in the order of 10 kW for a total of 50 kW.

It is clear that it is possible (see figure 3, for example) to arrange a burying of the pipes so that the ascent height of 2,5 m, or more, results just under the surface of the water.

Differently, the same pipes can go up again above the swimming pool to then fall again downwards.

It is as well clear that with respect to all the realization solutions illustrated above it is possible to add a further constructive variant that consists in the realization of completely closed hydraulic circuits, which consequently do not directly introduce or draw water or other liquids in/from the swimming pool, bath or any accumulation system, provided with closed circuit thermal exchangers, either external or partially internal to the closed circuit, of any type, shape and material, destined to draw only heat and not fluid from said hydraulic circuit and to give the same heat to the swimming pool, bath or accumulator.

Also a use of a specific centrifugal pump is capable of further optimizing the heating effect obtained. In particular, It has been discovered that the pump used has to be preferably a single-stage centrifugal pump characterized by a unitary absorption of electric power U (expressed in Watt/litre) , which is in a ratio 0<U<39-3X with X the number of stages of the centrifugal pump, thus forming a flow downstream of the pump that satisfies the following ratio:

(Vo/w)> or = 0,003 hours;

wherein Vo is the volume of the liquid in the circuit and w is the capacity of the pump in cubic metres/hour, this last ratio inferred from the ratios between power and capacity of the centrifugal pumps usable for the purposes of the cavitation process.

Obviously, said ratio therefore imposes a limit superior to the capacity, or delivery, of the pump, w, with respect to the volume of the circulating liquid Vo, limiting the choice of type and dimension of the pump. It is clear from this th¾t the choice of said sections D and d results inventive for maximizing the effects of the cavitation and for reducing the capacity itself of the pump.

For the activation of the additional heating process in question, it is necessary that the hydrodynamic regime allows the development and the collapse of the cavitation bubbles; for identifying said regime it is convenient to refer to the known cavitation number, illustrated in [28] , for example, wherein P ₂ is the working pressure

of the circuit downstream of the active area for the cavitation process, in turn corresponding to the flow zone of the liquid around the rotor of the centrifugal pumps; P _v is the pressure of vapour of the liquid (generally much lower with respect to P ₂ and dependent on the temperature of the liquid) p is the density of the liquid and v ₀ is the speed of the liquid in the active area for the cavitation and corresponding to the linear speed of the blades of the rotor of the centrifugal pump near the external periphery of said blades.

The trigger of the cavitation process takes place usually for C _v - \ and its intensity, intended as the average width of the pressure impulses when the bubbles collapse, increases for values inferior to the cavitation number until the so-called "supercavitation", or massive vaporization and absence of collapse of the bubbles, manifests itself, for C _v < 0.1 .

Although the cavitation has been observed also for values of C _v up to 4, due to dissolved gases or some impurities present in the liquid, as well as to particular geometries of the hydraulic circuits, the ideal hydrodynamlc regime in the area destined to the activation of the cavitation process, identified in the flow zone of the liquid around the rotor of each centrifugal pump, is represented in terms of the cavitation number from the preferential interval 0, 1 < C < 1 that, obviously, limits the possible choices of the centrifugal pumps in terms of angular speed, i.e. rotation speed, and of length of the blades of the relative rotors, as well as the choice of the most adequate hydraulic working pressures.

In particular, by neglecting the pressure of vapour P _Y , as it is usually much lower than any working pressure

P ₂ , in the field of the invention, only such centrifugal pumps can be selected so that the peripheral linear speed of the blades of the rotor respects the following bond,

P P

obviously function of the same pressure P ₂ : 2— <Vp < 20—

P P

As shown in figure 6 , a "constructive variant" is also possible that foresees anyway that the fluid slides definitely in many pipes, each one of diameter ^D" dimensioned as above, each one of section "Si", starting from a larger pipe, the surface of whose section "S ₂ " is equal to the sum of the sections "Si".

Although the figures and the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention refer specifically to a swimming pool, it is absolutely clear that the same inventive concept is applicable to fields different from the one of the heating of liquid. In this sense, the bath of the swimming pool can simply be substituted by a containment device for a liquid, either open, even partially, or completely closed, as a way of example, but not limiting, a hot water accumulator destined to heating and/or sanitary hot water furnishing; the circulation path described can also be used to realize the heating.

The number of the centrifugal pumps selected is then chosen on the basis of the temperature rise. In particular, the system is usable for the pasteurization of food liquids such as juices and milk.

In the field of said hydrodynamic regimes, and anyway of completely developed cavitation processes, in any instant there exist innumerable vector potentials of very intense local magnetic fields, collinear to the cosmological vector potential Ag and in the opposite direction, such as to determine a consistent spatial heterogeneity, therefore intense gradients, of the variation (diminution) along the path of the potential summation A _E determined in turn by the variation of the gravitational potential, thus constituting the second factor of the new force: δΔΑπ/dx.

By using the extended form of the expression of the new force, retraceable for example in [5, 17], it is possible to demonstrate that the degree of heating of the liquid due to the action of the new force can be very high: in case all the elementary particles of a mass of liquid equal to 250 kg were found simultaneously in the cavitation area, the thermal energy yielded to the liquid in the course of the lifting, along the hydraulic circuit, for 2.5 m would be two orders of magnitude superior with respect to the heat necessary for heating the same mass of liquid from 0 ^e C to 100°C.

Figure 7 shows a further variant which, subject to what was described above, foresees a single circulation path that is connected to the pump, In this case, the working pressure P ₂ can be appropriately adjusted, as a way of example and not limiting, through an expansion tank connected to an air compressor. The transfer of heat obtained by the circuit (and optimized as explained above with appropriate throttlings and centrifugal pump) is realized by means of coupling with a thermal exchanger of any type, shape and material, also placed partially inside the main circuit.